700:
404:
deal with lone; Louis VII also gave to Suger the task of resolving two episcopal elections, at which point Suger practically continued to hold the same level of control over the church of France as he would have had as regent. Following the failure of the Second
Crusade and letters from the Jerusalem and Pope Eugenius, Suger proposed a new crusade at a convention in Laon in 1150, with the support of Louis and St Bernard. The aim was to have a crusade run by the French church to do what the secular powers failed to do, led by Suger. Support for this fell apart from many churchmen, including the Pope losing belief in the pursuit and advising the king to remain in France to settle local issues. The matter troubled Suger to his final year of his life, at which point he nominated an (unnamed) nobleman to take his stead in battle, though it ultimately did not materialise as the idea was likely shelved by that point.
743:
931:
Instead he is generally seen as having been a bold and imaginative patron who encouraged the work of an innovative (but now unknown) master mason. It is difficult to contextualise St-Denis to other buildings of the time and place, due to the fact that many churches in
Capetian France between 1080 and 1160 were destroyed and/or rebuilt later, combined with the fact that no other building of this period enjoyed the level of precision and detail of Suger's accounts of St-Denis. Thus, the Gothic style can be seen as a multiplicity of trends in the architecture of this period, some occasionally intersecting with others: Jean Bony describes it as "a happy accident of history; it would have been infinitely more normal if the Gothic had never appeared."
722:
454:
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436:
498:
307:
286:'s court in Italy in 1121. It was on his return from in March 1122 that Suger, now 41, learned of Abbot Adam's death and that the others at the abbey had elected him to be the new abbot. Suger took pride in the fact that this happened in his absence and without his knowledge. Until 1127, he occupied himself at court mainly with the temporal affairs of the kingdom, while during the following decade he devoted himself to the reorganization and reform of St-Denis.
58:
555:
271:'s exploitation of revenues, a series of disputes with Hugh and failing alliances eventually led to Suger gaining experience on the battlefield. He appeared to take up this new challenge and was successful, though would go on to heavily regret this by his sixties. There is a complete gap in sources on Suger's whatabouts after he left Toury in 1112, though probably he was advancing his monastic position alongside further negotiations.
1544:
1281:
1242:
474:
1962:
418:
832:(Book on Events under his Administration) is an unfinished account of his administration of the abbey, which he started on request of his monks in 1145. In these texts, he treats of the improvements he had made to St Denis, describes the treasure of the church, and gives an account of the rebuilding. Unlike other medieval texts recording the deeds of religious figures, Suger’s are written by himself.
899:, though few of the key elements that define the Gothic tradition were particularly new as they were inspired by these very Romanesque elements, especially those of Normandy and Burgundy. The key element that sets aside Gothic architecture from its predecessor is "the novelty of the spiritual message that was to be conveyed" using its "novel and anti-Romanesque" elements.
862:; The Life of Suger) authored between summer 1152 and autumn 1154. A collection of Suger’s letters exist in Saint Denis, mostly from near the end of his life, though its provenance is unknown. Suger's works served to imbue the monks of St Denis with a taste for history and called forth a long series of quasi-official chronicles.
930:
Art historians paint Gothic architecture as Suger's own creation, though some question this: Similarly the assumption by 19th century French authors that Suger was the "designer" of St Denis (and hence the "inventor" of Gothic architecture) has been almost entirely discounted by more recent scholars.
918:
influenced the architectural style of the abbey of St. Denis, it was questioned by later scholars who have argued against such a simplistic link between philosophy and architectural form. Though Suger did not leave any explicitly theological writings, his work on Saint Denis was inspired by his own
629:
The new structure was finished and dedicated on 11 June 1144, in the presence of the King. The Abbey of Saint-Denis thus became the prototype for further building in the royal domain of northern France. It is often cited as the first building in the Gothic style. A hundred years later, the old nave
403:
After the regency, Louis VII and his contemporaries still consulted Suger on matters ecclesiastical and political, and he was asked to defend in a number of cases at court. At this point, Suger was also being assigned cases to work on lone which would otherwise be given to a episcopal commission to
972:
speculates on Suger's potential involvement its creation. Though she highlights that this is "purely speculative", given Suger's willingness in his career to create documents for the benefit of the Saint-Denis, it is certainly a fitting reflection and early example of his close admiration for the
370:
Though Suger was openly against Louis VII's intention announced in 1145 to lead a crusade to rescue the
Kingdom of Jerusalem, a council in February 1147 elected Suger to be a regent. One of the reasons Suger was opposed to the crusade were the issues present in France at the time: Louis VII wrote
374:
He urged the king to destroy the feudal bandits, was responsible for the royal tactics in dealing with the communal movements, and endeavoured to regularize the administration of justice. He left his abbey, which possessed considerable property, enriched and embellished by the construction of a
216:. This may have been contributed to the factors that impressed the abbey's leaders enough to send him to another school in 1104 to further advance his education, though no more details of this education are given aside from the fact that it was near
357:
served as one of the regents of the kingdom (1147–1149). He bitterly opposed the king's divorce, having himself advised the marriage. Although he disapproved of the Second
Crusade, he himself, at the time of his death, had started preaching a new
919:
set of religious ideas influenced by a range of new or renewed theological themes in the wider context of twelfth-century France. The influence of the cosmology of the
Chartres school, which resulted from interpretations of
223:
Suger began first with a successful career in monastic administration as he went on several missions for his abbey, which held land at several vantage points across the country. Finding favour with he
614:) that would be suffused with light. To achieve his aims, his masons drew on the several new features which evolved or had been introduced to Romanesque architecture, the pointed arch, the ribbed
473:
453:
1036:
were chosen in an election dominated by St
Bernard, with the rationale as "twin swords—the ecclesiastical and securar— protect the realm." William's imminent retirement as a monk meant that
435:
411:'s appointment as abbot had the backing of Louis VII and Suger, though after the two left, it was met with violent resistance by the canons (as was the case at Sainte-Geneviève).
371:
shortly after setting out to ensure protection of Gisors, and only six weeks after his expedition, asking for money, asking Suger to use some from his own resources if necessary.
1387:
When it was decided in 1931 that the statues be moved to the birth places of their representatives, Suger's was moved to Saint-Omer from a local legend that he was born there.
1633:"n hasard heureux de l'histoire. Il aurait été infiniment plus normal que le Gothique n'eût jamais paru," p. 11. Jean Bony, "Architecture gothique. Accident ou nécessité?" in
1103:, however the extent to which Suger had any aims higher than aesthetic pleasure has been called into doubt by more recent art historians on the basis of Suger's own writings.
699:
212:
and a firm grasp of legal matters. This ability led to him being chosen to work in the abbey archives to find documents that could protect the abbey from usurpation by
1116:, meant he was exiled. It was during exile that he authored the life of Suger; it was thus intended to portray Suger in good light, implicitly criticising Odo. Grant,
610:
At the completion of the west front in 1140, Abbot Suger moved on to the reconstruction of the eastern end, leaving the
Carolingian nave in use. He designed a choir (
497:
1389:
858:
Suger’s secretary, William, himself produced two works on Suger: the first, a letter shortly after his death announcing the death; the other a short biography (
1908:
647:
927:, created a speculative system which emphasised mathematics, particularly geometry, and the aesthetic outcomes that arise from the convergence of the two.
651:
1019:
Pope
Paschal II dies January 1118; John of Gaetani is made the new pope, becoming Gelasius II; Henry V marched on Rome and appointed Gregory (VIII) as an
274:
It is from 1118 when the sources start again, where Suger is deeply entrenched in royal affairs. He is chosen as the royal envoy to welcome the fleeing
192:, a convention of autobiographical writing. Suger was one of the younger sons in a family where many went into the church, and so he was given as an
955:
that the two were close friends yet, it is likely that the two were familiar with one another, especially given the cozy number of students present.
855:’s reign. Written in Suger’s final years, it (like his other history) covers in great detail events where Suger was himself present or involved in.
951:
Though it is often suggested that the two enjoyed a close friendship in childhood, Louis had left the abbey's schooling in 1092: whilst it is not
2022:
1703:
Edited, translated, and annotated by Erwin
Panofsky (and Gerda Panofsky-Soergel). Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1946, pp. 122–37.
1693:
Edited, translated, and annotated by Erwin
Panofsky (and Gerda Panofsky-Soergel). Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1946, pp. 82–121.
820:
Suger wrote several works, which are regarded for their accuracy and detail. Of these, two record his activities as abbot of St-Denis. The
1737:
Translated by Richard C. Cusimano and Eric Whitmore. Washington D. C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2018, pp. 184–216.
1727:
Translated by Richard C. Cusimano and Eric Whitmore. Washington D. C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2018, pp. 127–83.
2002:
2032:
2017:
227:
of Saint-Denis, Abbot Adam, Suger's political career would develop under him as in 1106 he became his secretary, though in his
188:. This was a family of some substance and upwardly connections, and so where a more humble background is suggested is likely a
1864:
Inglis, Erik. "Remembering and Forgetting Suger at Saint-Denis, 1151–1534: An Abbot’s Reputation between Memory and History."
902:
Scholars tend to attribute Suger's influences on his ideas of symbolism and manner of symbolic thought to interpretations of
607:
above the West portal is the earliest-known such example, although Romanesque circular windows preceded it in general form.
2007:
1997:
407:
Suger's final year continued to be busy for him, as he was instructed by the pope to reform Saint Corneille at Compiègne.
2042:
1184:
618:, the ambulatory with radiating chapels, the clustered columns supporting ribs springing in different directions and the
1648:
L'église Saint-Julien de Marolles-en-Brie et ses rapports avec l'architecture Parisienne de la génération de Saint-Denis
1397:
278:(John of Gaetani) to France and arrange a meeting with Louis VI. Suger was sent to his live at the court of Gelasius at
231:, Suger appeared to minimise Abbot Adam's role. Suger found himself embroiled in great events, in the same year at the
417:
1916:
1422:
742:
1992:
851:(The Illustrious King Louis) is the other demonstrably unfinished work of Suger, accounting for the first year of
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915:
903:
1945:
999:
181:
93:
721:
2012:
1803:
177:
80:
2037:
1037:
1780:
464:
1697:
1033:
17:
1687:
1673:
1952:
877:
213:
1268:
1827:
Artistic Change at St-Denis: Abbot Suger's Program and the Early Twelfth-Century Controversy over Art
1747:
1600:
Artistic Change at St Denis: Abbot Suger's Program and the Early Twelfth Century Controversy Over Art
884:
871:
667:
1887:
Rudolph, Conrad. "Inventing the Exegetical Stained-Glass Window: Suger, Hugh, and a New Elite Art."
1536:
1134:
596:
1925:
896:
659:
157:
104:
2027:
1707:
504:
1731:
1721:
670:
which he received that was subsequently offered to the saints at his abbey is now held in the
599:
façade with its single door. He designed the façade of Saint-Denis to be an echo of the Roman
201:
1982:
484:
268:
603:
with its three-part division and three large portals to ease the problem of congestion. The
317:
1987:
1174:, Peter Kidson, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, Vol. 50, (1987), pp. 1–17.
907:
679:
630:
of Saint-Denis was rebuilt in the Gothic style, gaining, in its transepts, two spectacular
615:
589:
575:
559:
512:
376:
350:
1683:(and Gerda Panofsky-Soergel). Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1946, pp. 40–81.
1112:
After Suger’s death, William’s leading of a faction against the new abbot at Saint Denis,
1002:
remain popular candidates. It is also possible that he attended various schools along the
208:. Suger took up the oblate life relatively easily, and showed strong ability including in
8:
1966:
1154:
1150:
1041:
880:
600:
585:
571:
480:
342:
161:
1238:, ed. Paula Lieber Gerson, 3–16 (New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1986.) p. 3.
844:
733:
581:
263:
in 1108 as provost, then from mid-1109 to 1111 provost to the more important priory of
244:
205:
197:
141:
1909:"Abbé Suger and a Medieval Theory of Light in Stained Glass: Lux, Lumen, Illumination"
1837:
The Gothic Cathedral: Origins of Gothic Architecture and the Medieval Concept of Order
1558:
The Gothic Cathedral: Origins of Gothic Architecture and the Medieval Concept of Order
1543:
1280:
1241:
847:, primarily concerned with warfare, but also his dependence on the Saint-Denis abbey.
1418:
752:
256:
247:(gaining experience of the Norman courts system which he respected), and; in 1112 at
243:; in early-1109 where he met Louis VI again as he sat a dispute between the king and
193:
1742:
Oeuvres complètes de Suger; recueillies, annotées et publiées d'après les manuscrits
533:
1099:
argued that Suger was inspired to create a physical representation of the Heavenly
728:
663:
643:
283:
275:
153:
892:
255:. During this time, he held administrative roles that required him to be first at
1740:
1277:, ed. Rolf Große, 31–43 (Munich: Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2004) pp. 31–2.
642:
Suger was also a patron of art. Among the liturgical vessels he commissioned are
619:
447:
pane of the Infancy Window, showing Suger, the patron, at the feet of the Virgin.
252:
240:
120:
1647:
1859:
1822:
1680:
1595:
1311:
1214:
1158:
1096:
911:
839:(Life of Louis the Fat) is his most substantial and widely circulated. It is a
508:
354:
189:
185:
149:
125:
1869:
1830:
1774:
526:
1976:
1840:
1797:
1762:
1714:
1537:
The Royal Image: Illustrations of the Grandes Chroniques de France, 1274-1422
655:
425:
31:
1934:
It is an image archive of a large number of different artworks at the abbey.
1770:
968:
coincides with his apprenticeship in the archives, which is where historian
786:
1874:
1769:. Paris: Fontenelle Collection (Figures monastiques), 1950. OCLC WorldCat
1113:
987:
777:
521:
443:
408:
380:
761:
294:
Suger served as the friend and counsellor to both Louis VI and Louis VII.
30:
This article is about the French abbot. For the Guatemalan physicist, see
1794:
Abbot Suger of St-Denis: Church and State in Early Twelfth-Century France
1789:
1410:
975:
Abbot Suger of St-Denis: Church and State in Early Twelfth-Century France
969:
631:
604:
460:
217:
1892:
1813:
306:
1153:(falsely) identified as the former and wrote Christian theological and
991:
623:
543:
488:
279:
1926:"Images of Medieval Art and Architecture – FRANCE: Abbey Of St. Denis"
1882:
1839:. 3rd ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988. OCLC WorldCat
1686:———. "Libellus Alter de Consecratione Ecclesiae Sancti Dionysii." In
1100:
852:
840:
800:
554:
346:
145:
1057:"sive de nostro seu de vestro pecuniam sumptam nobis mittatis," in
1717:. Washington D. C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 1992.
1699:
Abbot Suger, on the Abbey Church of St.-Denis and its Art Treasures
1689:
Abbot Suger, on the Abbey Church of St.-Denis and Its Art Treasures
1675:
Abbot Suger, on the Abbey Church of St.-Denis and Its Art Treasures
1138:
1020:
825:
260:
236:
62:
A redrawing of Suger from a stained glass window found in his abbey
824:(Other Little Book on the Consecration of Saint-Denis) is a short
204:
for about a decade, where he would have first met the future king
1213:(Paris: S. E. V. P. E. N., 1965) p. 11. This is a history of the
965:
706:
611:
359:
1133:
es who have been confused and interchanged throughout history:
995:
895:
region of France. This new genre is seen as the progression of
671:
1961:
1170:
For a summary of the 'arguments against' Panofsky's view, see
1061:, ed. Martin Bouquet et al. (Paris, 1869–1904) vol 15, p. 487.
383:. Suger wrote extensively on the construction of the abbey in
152:. His writings remain seminal texts for early twelfth-century
57:
1829:. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990. OCLC WorldCat
1217:
and its development: the land had previously belonged to the
1142:
1003:
924:
920:
675:
595:
Suger began with the West front, reconstructing the original
264:
232:
224:
209:
137:
38:
1624:
Take St-Meglorie, Ste-Genevie, and St-Victor in local Paris.
1074:
For bright is that which is brightly coupled with the bright
1560:, 3rd ed. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988) 62.
1540:(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991) 3–6, 10.
773:
712:
398:
248:
1786:
Berlin: Matthiesen Verlag, Lübeck/Kraus Reprint Ltd, 1898.
1672:
Suger. "Liber de Rebus in Administratione sua Gestis." In
828:
on the building and consecration of the abbey church. The
822:
Libellus Alter de Consecratione Ecclesiae Sancti Dionysii
389:
Libellus Alter de Consecratione Ecclesiae Sancti Dionysii
1023:; Gelasius fled to France to the protection of Louis VI.
1915:. Stanford University, January 26, 2006. Archived from
1720:———. "The Illustrious King Louis , Son of Louis ." In
910:, as well as; those from the school of Chartres. Where
160:
where he was abbot was instrumental in the creation of
1854:
Hugenholtz, Frits, and Henk Teunis. "Suger's advice."
1310:(Leeds: Arc Humanities Press, 2022) 79. OCLC WorldCat
977:. (Essex: Addison Wesley Longman, 1998) p. 80, fn. 30.
580:
Abbot Suger, friend and confidant of the French Kings
200:
at age ten in 1091. He first trained at the priory of
1950:
1796:. Essex: Addison Wesley Longman, 1998. OCLC WorldCat
1417:. 7th edn. London: Laurence King Publishing, p. 376.
658:
once owned by Suger is now in the collections of the
524:
is named after Suger, and two schools bear his name (
1059:
Recueil des Historiensdes Des Gaules et de la France
1696:———. "Ordinatio AD. MCXL vel MCXLI confirmata." In
1085:
Abbot Suger: On What Was Done in His Administration
776:with birds") with a 10th- or 11th-century Egyptian
1070:When the new rear part is joined to that in front,
483:(1836). Today, it stands in front of the ruins of
27:12th-century French abbot, statesman and historian
1974:
1322:For Suger's later disavowal of this, see Suger,
1267:For an analysis of Abbot Adam, see Rolf Große, "
1149:, a Greek author of the fifth/sixth century who
990:due to its tradition of historical writing, but
865:
336:
1879:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
1809:New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1986.
678:, believed to be the only existing artefact of
297:
1730:William (Willelmus). "The Life of Suger." In
172:Suger was born into a family of minor knights
1891:93, no. 4 (December 2011), pp. 399–422.
1868:54, no. 2 (September 2015), pp. 219–43.
1819:Munich: Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2004.
1474:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983) 13–6.
1078:Bright is the noble work Enlarged in our time
588:, decided in about 1137 to rebuild the great
365:
349:on the occasion of that prince's marriage to
1733:Selected Works of Abbot Suger of Saint Denis
1723:Selected Works of Abbot Suger of Saint Denis
1324:Liber De Rebus in Administratione sua Gestis
1072:The church shines, brightened in its middle.
830:Liber De Rebus in Administratione sua Gestis
592:, the burial church of the French monarchs.
385:Liber de Rebus in Administratione sua Gestis
140:and statesman. He was a key advisor to King
549:
289:
148:, acting as the latter's regent during the
56:
1858:12, no. 3 (1986), pp. 191–206. DOI:
1185:Neoplatonism and Christianity#Middle_Ages
799:), with a vase possibly from 7th-century
341:In 1137, he accompanied the future king,
1805:Abbot Suger and Saint-Denis: a Symposium
755:from 6th- or 7th-century Persian vessel.
553:
399:Suger's final years (1149–51) and legacy
267:. The area was suffering as a result of
883:, where in its history he falls in the
565:
14:
2023:Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis
1975:
1713:Translated by Richard C. Cusimano and
1161:, after whom the abbey is named after.
1044:, to be co-regents with Suger. Grant,
876:Suger is considered the forerunner of
637:
1679:Edited, translated, and annotated by
1665:
1427:
1090:
914:made the claim that this theology of
622:which enabled the insertion of large
136:1081 – 13 January 1151) was a French
119:
1293:Benton, "Life and Personality," (in
1254:Benton, "Life and Personality," (in
1080:I, who was Suger, having been leader
301:
1847:
1157:; and saint Dionysius of Paris, or
815:
24:
1923:
1877:. "Panofsky, Suger and St Denis."
1602:, Princeton University Press, 1990
1404:
1270:L'abbé Adam, Prédécesseur De Suger
25:
2054:
1076:And which the new light pervades,
986:Historians like to argue for the
810:
715:cup of the 2nd or 1st century BC.
1960:
1906:
1613:Medieval France: An Encyclopedia
1542:
1279:
1240:
1000:Abbey of Saint-Florent at Saumur
849:Historia gloriosi regis Ludovici
843:chronological narrative of king
785:
760:
741:
720:
698:
496:
472:
452:
434:
416:
305:
156:, and his reconstruction of the
1660:
1640:
1627:
1618:
1605:
1589:
1576:
1563:
1550:
1528:
1515:
1503:
1490:
1477:
1464:
1451:
1439:
1381:
1368:
1355:
1342:
1329:
1316:
1177:
1164:
1147:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
1123:
1106:
1064:
1051:
1026:
1013:
904:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
176:1081 (or 1080), landholders of
2003:12th-century French historians
1946:Gothic cathedrals and churches
1300:
1287:
1261:
1248:
1224:
1203:
980:
958:
945:
180:, a small village surrounding
13:
1:
2033:French expatriates in England
2018:12th-century writers in Latin
1860:10.1016/0304-4181(86)90031-X.
1637:, LVIII-LVIX (1983) pp. 9–20.
1197:
891:) period concentrated in the
866:Suger in the Gothic tradition
463:of Suger (1633), held at the
337:Suger and Louis VII (1137–49)
282:, and later at his successor
173:
167:
133:
76:
1232:Suger's Life and Personality
1172:Panofsky, Suger and St Denis
934:
692:series of commissioned vases
298:Suger and Louis VI (1122–37)
7:
2008:12th-century French writers
1998:12th-century French artists
1939:
1932:. University of Pittsburgh.
1899:
1856:Journal of Medieval History
1472:The Age of Abbot Desiderius
964:The appearance of a forged
239:; in Spring 1107 to attend
10:
2059:
2043:Medieval French architects
1881:50 (1987), pp. 1–17.
1802:Gerson, Paula Lieber, ed.
1709:The Deeds of Louis the Fat
1082:While it was accomplished.
1042:Archbishop Samson of Reims
869:
569:
366:Suger, the Regent (1147–9)
214:Bouchard II of Montmorency
90:13 January 1151 (aged ~70)
36:
29:
1782:Abt Suger von Saint-Denis
1748:Albert Lecoy de La Marche
1394:Saint Omer tourism office
1040:and, to a lesser degree,
872:Early Gothic architecture
749:Eleanor of Aquitaine vase
668:Eleanor of Aquitaine vase
100:
86:
72:
67:
55:
48:
1755:
1390:"Statue de l'abbé Suger"
1141:first century judge and
1135:Dionysius the Areopagite
1034:William, count of Nevers
939:
550:Contribution to the arts
290:Court life and influence
178:Chennevières-lès-Louvres
81:Chennevières-lès-Louvres
37:Not to be confused with
1993:12th-century architects
1413:and J. Fleming, (2009)
897:Romanesque architecture
660:National Gallery of Art
654:and a sardonyx ewer. A
202:Saint-Denis de L'Estrée
158:Basilica of Saint-Denis
105:Basilica of Saint-Denis
50:Abbot Suger of St-Denis
1415:A World History of Art
1308:Medieval France at War
1211:La Grange de Vaulerent
562:
540:École secondaire Suger
505:neoclassical sculpture
465:Musée d'Arts de Nantes
314:This section is empty.
129:
1654:153 (1995) pp. 23–46.
1219:Suger de Chennevières
1087:c.1144–8, Chap XXVIII
1032:Initially, Suger and
906:and the derivates of
870:Further information:
732:, with a 2nd-century
590:Church of Saint-Denis
570:Further information:
558:Gothic ambulatory at
557:
379:built in the nascent
269:Hugh III of Le Puiset
2013:12th-century regents
1584:The Gothic Cathedral
1571:The Gothic Cathedral
1435:The Gothic Cathedral
1189:The Gothic Cathedral
973:abbey. Lindy Grant,
908:John Scotus Eriugena
837:Vie de Louis le Gros
797:Aiguière en Sardoine
769:Aiguière aux oiseaux
576:Basilica of St Denis
566:Abbey of Saint-Denis
538:in Saint-Denis, and
513:Palace of Versailles
351:Eleanor of Aquitaine
2038:French male writers
1779:Cartellieri, Otto.
1611:Kibler et al (eds)
1151:pseudepigraphically
1038:Ralph of Vermandois
881:Gothic architecture
682:'s to exist today.
648:King Roger decanter
638:Suger's collections
601:Arch of Constantine
572:Gothic architecture
481:Jean-Baptiste Stouf
479:A marble statue by
429:window at St-Denis.
162:Gothic architecture
1835:von Simson, Otto.
1666:Contemporary Works
1646:Stephen Gardner, "
1470:H. E. J. Cowdrey,
1209:Charles Higounet,
1187:, and von Simson,
835:Of his histories,
563:
485:Saint-Bertin Abbey
245:Henry I of England
229:De Administratione
206:Louis VI of France
198:abbey of St. Denis
1919:on 17 March 2016.
1815:Suger en question
1812:Große, Rolf, ed.
1615:, Routledge, 1995
1556:Otto von Simson,
1534:Anne D. Hedeman,
1275:Suger en question
1230:John F. Benton, "
1183:Further reading:
889:Gothique primitif
753:rock crystal vase
620:flying buttresses
353:, and during the
334:
333:
110:
109:
16:(Redirected from
2050:
1965:
1964:
1956:
1933:
1924:Stones, Alison.
1920:
1889:The Art Bulletin
1848:Journal Articles
1655:
1644:
1638:
1631:
1625:
1622:
1616:
1609:
1603:
1593:
1587:
1580:
1574:
1567:
1561:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1532:
1526:
1523:Church and State
1519:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1494:
1488:
1481:
1475:
1468:
1462:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1400:on 12 June 2024.
1396:. Archived from
1385:
1379:
1376:Church and State
1372:
1366:
1363:Church and State
1359:
1353:
1350:Church and State
1346:
1340:
1333:
1327:
1320:
1314:
1304:
1298:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1265:
1259:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1244:
1228:
1222:
1207:
1192:
1181:
1175:
1168:
1162:
1129:There are three
1127:
1121:
1118:Church and State
1110:
1104:
1094:
1088:
1068:
1062:
1055:
1049:
1046:Church and State
1030:
1024:
1017:
1011:
1008:Church and State
984:
978:
962:
956:
949:
916:Pseudo-Dionysius
816:Suger's writings
789:
764:
745:
724:
702:
664:Washington, D.C.
537:
500:
476:
456:
438:
420:
329:
326:
316:You can help by
309:
302:
284:Pope Calixtus II
276:Pope Gelasius II
175:
154:Capetian history
135:
123:
118:
79:1081, likely in
78:
60:
46:
45:
21:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2047:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1959:
1951:
1942:
1937:
1907:Hunt, Patrick.
1902:
1897:
1850:
1845:
1823:Rudolph, Conrad
1758:
1753:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1645:
1641:
1635:Revuew de l'Art
1632:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1610:
1606:
1594:
1590:
1581:
1577:
1568:
1564:
1555:
1551:
1541:
1533:
1529:
1520:
1516:
1508:
1504:
1495:
1491:
1482:
1478:
1469:
1465:
1456:
1452:
1444:
1440:
1432:
1428:
1409:
1405:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1373:
1369:
1360:
1356:
1347:
1343:
1334:
1330:
1321:
1317:
1305:
1301:
1292:
1288:
1278:
1266:
1262:
1253:
1249:
1239:
1229:
1225:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1182:
1178:
1169:
1165:
1128:
1124:
1111:
1107:
1095:
1091:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1056:
1052:
1031:
1027:
1018:
1014:
985:
981:
963:
959:
950:
946:
942:
937:
874:
868:
818:
813:
808:
807:
806:
805:
804:
790:
782:
781:
765:
757:
756:
746:
738:
737:
725:
717:
716:
703:
694:
693:
640:
578:
568:
552:
531:
522:a French street
516:
501:
492:
477:
468:
457:
448:
439:
430:
421:
401:
368:
339:
330:
324:
321:
300:
292:
253:Lateran council
251:for the second
241:Pope Paschal II
170:
121:[syʒɛʁ]
116:
96:
91:
63:
51:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2056:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1970:
1969:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1921:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1885:
1872:
1862:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1833:
1820:
1810:
1800:
1787:
1777:
1763:Aubert, Marcel
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1750:. Paris, 1867.
1738:
1728:
1718:
1704:
1694:
1684:
1681:Erwin Panofsky
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1639:
1626:
1617:
1604:
1596:Conrad Rudolph
1588:
1575:
1562:
1549:
1527:
1514:
1502:
1489:
1476:
1463:
1450:
1438:
1426:
1403:
1380:
1367:
1354:
1341:
1328:
1315:
1299:
1286:
1260:
1247:
1223:
1215:Vaulerent barn
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1176:
1163:
1159:Denis of Paris
1155:mystical works
1122:
1105:
1097:Erwin Panofsky
1089:
1063:
1050:
1025:
1012:
1006:river. Grant,
979:
957:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
912:Erwin Panofsky
867:
864:
817:
814:
812:
811:Historiography
809:
791:
784:
783:
766:
759:
758:
747:
740:
739:
726:
719:
718:
704:
697:
696:
695:
690:vases de Suger
687:
686:
685:
684:
652:a gold chalice
639:
636:
567:
564:
551:
548:
518:
517:
511:(1835) in the
509:Denis Foyatier
502:
495:
493:
478:
471:
469:
459:A painting by
458:
451:
449:
440:
433:
431:
422:
415:
400:
397:
367:
364:
355:Second Crusade
338:
335:
332:
331:
312:
310:
299:
296:
291:
288:
190:literary topos
169:
166:
150:Second Crusade
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
84:
83:
74:
70:
69:
65:
64:
61:
53:
52:
49:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2055:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2028:French abbots
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1904:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1875:Kidson, Peter
1873:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1749:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1719:
1716:
1715:John Moorhead
1712:
1710:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1676:
1671:
1670:
1653:
1649:
1643:
1636:
1630:
1621:
1614:
1608:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1585:
1579:
1572:
1566:
1559:
1553:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1499:
1493:
1486:
1480:
1473:
1467:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1423:9781856695848
1420:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1371:
1364:
1358:
1351:
1345:
1338:
1332:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1309:
1306:John France,
1303:
1296:
1290:
1282:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1251:
1243:
1237:
1233:
1227:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1202:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1173:
1167:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1086:
1067:
1060:
1054:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1022:
1016:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
983:
976:
971:
967:
961:
954:
948:
944:
932:
928:
926:
922:
917:
913:
909:
905:
900:
898:
894:
893:Île-de-France
890:
886:
882:
879:
873:
863:
861:
856:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
833:
831:
827:
823:
802:
798:
794:
793:Sardonyx ewer
788:
779:
775:
771:
770:
763:
754:
750:
744:
735:
731:
730:
729:Suger's Eagle
723:
714:
710:
708:
701:
691:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
635:
633:
627:
625:
621:
617:
613:
608:
606:
602:
598:
593:
591:
587:
583:
577:
573:
561:
556:
547:
545:
541:
535:
530:
528:
523:
514:
510:
506:
499:
494:
490:
486:
482:
475:
470:
466:
462:
455:
450:
446:
445:
437:
432:
428:
427:
426:Tree of Jesse
423:Suger in the
419:
414:
413:
412:
410:
405:
396:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
372:
363:
361:
356:
352:
348:
344:
328:
319:
315:
311:
308:
304:
303:
295:
287:
285:
281:
277:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
165:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
131:
127:
122:
114:
106:
103:
101:Resting place
99:
95:
89:
85:
82:
75:
71:
66:
59:
54:
47:
44:
40:
33:
32:Eduardo Suger
19:
1983:1080s births
1967:architecture
1929:
1917:the original
1912:
1888:
1878:
1865:
1855:
1836:
1826:
1814:
1804:
1793:
1790:Grant, Lindy
1781:
1766:
1746:. Edited by
1741:
1732:
1722:
1708:
1698:
1688:
1674:
1661:Bibliography
1651:
1642:
1634:
1629:
1620:
1612:
1607:
1599:
1591:
1583:
1582:von Simson,
1578:
1570:
1569:von Simson,
1565:
1557:
1552:
1535:
1530:
1522:
1517:
1510:
1505:
1497:
1492:
1484:
1479:
1471:
1466:
1458:
1453:
1446:
1441:
1434:
1429:
1414:
1406:
1398:the original
1393:
1383:
1375:
1370:
1362:
1357:
1349:
1344:
1336:
1331:
1323:
1318:
1307:
1302:
1294:
1289:
1274:
1269:
1263:
1255:
1250:
1235:
1226:
1218:
1210:
1205:
1191:, pp. 25–39.
1188:
1179:
1171:
1166:
1130:
1125:
1117:
1114:Odo of Deuil
1108:
1092:
1084:
1066:
1058:
1053:
1045:
1028:
1015:
1007:
988:Fleury Abbey
982:
974:
960:
952:
947:
929:
901:
888:
885:Early Gothic
875:
860:Sugerii Vita
859:
857:
848:
836:
834:
829:
821:
819:
796:
792:
778:rock-crystal
768:
767:
748:
727:
705:
689:
644:a gilt eagle
641:
632:rose windows
628:
609:
594:
579:
539:
525:
519:
444:Annunciation
441:
424:
409:Odo of Deuil
406:
402:
392:
388:
384:
381:Gothic style
373:
369:
340:
322:
318:adding to it
313:
293:
273:
228:
222:
184:in northern
171:
144:and his son
112:
111:
43:
1988:1151 deaths
1586:, pp. 26–7.
1509:Willelmus,
1433:Wim Swaan,
1335:Willelmus,
1312:1381142379.
1297:) pp. 11–5.
1258:) pp. 11–5.
970:Lindy Grant
605:rose window
597:Carolingian
560:Saint-Denis
532: [
527:Lycée Suger
461:Simon Vouet
218:Fontevrault
182:Saint-Denis
94:Saint-Denis
18:Abbot Suger
1977:Categories
1831:614916294.
1775:778897850.
1411:Honour, H.
1198:References
998:, and the
992:Marmoutier
711:, with on
666:, and the
624:clerestory
544:Vaucresson
489:Saint-Omer
377:new church
325:April 2024
280:Maguelonne
168:Early life
1841:17476906.
1798:37509848.
1498:Hist. VII
1295:Symposium
1256:Symposium
1236:Symposium
1131:Dionysius
1101:Jerusalem
935:Citations
853:Louis VII
841:panegyric
801:Byzantium
626:windows.
586:Louis VII
393:Ordinatio
347:Aquitaine
343:Louis VII
146:Louis VII
1940:See also
1913:Philolog
1900:Websites
1652:Bull Mon
1139:Athenian
1021:antipope
923:and the
878:(French)
845:Louis VI
826:treatise
734:porphyry
709:of Suger
582:Louis VI
261:Normandy
257:Berneval
237:Poitiers
142:Louis VI
130:Sugerius
68:Personal
1771:1746084
1525:, 43–5.
1521:Grant,
1496:Suger,
1483:Suger,
1457:Suger,
1445:Suger,
1374:Grant,
1361:Grant,
1348:Grant,
1273:," in
1221:family.
1010:, 82–3.
966:charter
953:certain
780:vessel.
707:Chalice
680:Eleanor
656:chalice
612:chancel
529:
520:Today,
360:crusade
345:, into
196:to the
186:Parisis
117:French:
1953:Portal
1930:Medart
1893:JSTOR.
1883:JSTOR.
1870:JSTOR.
1650:," in
1461:, 155.
1459:Admin.
1447:Consc.
1421:
1378:, 280.
1365:, 279.
1352:, 278.
1339:, 394.
1234:," in
1048:, 157.
996:Angers
672:Louvre
646:, the
391:, and
194:oblate
1866:Gesta
1767:Suger
1756:Books
1706:———.
1573:, 62.
1511:Vita.
1337:Vita.
1326:, 44.
1143:saint
1137:, an
1120:, 44.
1004:Loire
940:Notes
925:Bible
921:Plato
736:vase.
676:Paris
616:vault
536:]
265:Toury
233:synod
225:abbot
210:Latin
138:abbot
126:Latin
113:Suger
39:Sugar
1419:ISBN
774:Ewer
751:, a
713:onyx
688:The
584:and
574:and
442:The
249:Rome
87:Died
73:Born
1485:VLG
674:in
662:in
546:).
542:in
507:by
320:.
259:in
235:at
1979::
1928:.
1911:.
1825:.
1792:.
1773:/
1765:.
1598:,
1392:.
1145:;
994:,
772:("
650:,
634:.
534:fr
503:A
487:,
467:.
395:.
387:,
362:.
220:.
174:c.
164:.
134:c.
132:;
128::
124:;
77:c.
1955::
1817:.
1807:.
1784:.
1744:.
1735:.
1725:.
1711:.
1701:.
1691:.
1677:.
1500:.
1487:.
887:(
803:.
795:(
515:.
491:.
327:)
323:(
115:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
