1671:
1659:
459:
47:
656:. In both Avestan and Vedic Sanskrit texts, the waters—whether as waves or drops, or collectively as streams, pools, rivers or wells—are represented by the Apas, the group of divinities of the waters. The identification of divinity with element is complete in both cultures : in the
667:
As also in the Indian religious texts, the waters are considered a primordial element. In
Zoroastrian cosmogony, the waters are the second creation, after that of the sky. Aside from Apas herself/themselves, no less than seven Zoroastrian divinities are identified with the waters: All three
970:), is celebrated on the day that the day-of-month and month-of-year dedications intersect, that is, on the tenth day of the eighth month. The celebration is accompanied by a practice of offering sweets and flowers to a river or the sea.
819:, during the 5th century BCE Aredvi was conflated with a Semitic divinity with similar attributes, from whom she then inherited additional properties.
1594:
1452:
815:
404-358 BCE) and subsequent
Achaemenid emperors. Although (according to Lommel and Boyce) Aredvi is of Indo-Iranian origin and cognate with Vedic
487:
1457:
1614:
1285:
202:
1609:
1599:
1412:
1629:
774:/Apas is not only necessary for nourishment, but is considered the source of life ("you that bear forth", "mothers of our life"). In
1518:
1422:
1382:
1347:
1149:
1127:
801:, another divinity identified with the waters, but originally representing the "world river" that encircled the earth (see
555:
480:
807:, below). The merger of the two concepts "probably" came about due to prominence given to Aredvi Sura during the reign of
409:
1278:
594:
service (which is in turn the principal act of worship)—is literally for the "strengthening of the waters."
473:
1581:
1271:
950:
of 1925, which follows
Zoroastrian month-naming conventions. It might be the precursor of the holy month of
1707:
1702:
1003:
439:
419:
584:, and in orthodox communities offerings are regularly made to the household well or nearby stream." The
998:
895:) upon which the world ultimately rested. The great sea was fed by a mighty river (proto-Indo-Iranian:
1243:
1217:
1675:
1233:
1008:
394:
30:
157:
907:). Two rivers, one to the east and one to the west, flowed out of it and encircled the earth (
876:
was the second of the seven creations of the material universe, the lower half of everything.
618:
1164:
444:
347:
20:
1294:
927:
653:
399:
342:
8:
797:
369:
795:
5), which is nominally dedicated to the waters, veneration is directed specifically at
729:
645:
282:
212:
1207:
1145:
1123:
1013:
737:
and is linguistically as old as the Gathas themselves, the waters are revered as the
1712:
1697:
1566:
1298:
955:
947:
539:
506:
374:
197:
192:
1663:
1498:
1327:
463:
1642:
1528:
1493:
1362:
1332:
1263:
1226:
693:
632:
606:
581:
569:
297:
292:
242:
182:
38:
848:
is reinforced by additionally assigning guardianship to another Amesha Spenta
551:
1691:
1432:
833:
808:
767:
685:
414:
207:
112:
1239:
1213:
982:
939:
708:
302:
287:
247:
177:
172:
137:
637:
1589:
1561:
1407:
1377:
1312:
951:
673:
332:
187:
62:
1637:
1317:
1159:
1137:
1115:
930:, the tenth day of the month is dedicated to the (divinity of) waters (
868:
636:
277:
167:
77:
1201:
751:
38.3). Although not otherwise named, Boyce associates this Ahura with
1417:
850:
816:
689:
327:
322:
87:
67:
46:
1254:
887:
is the essence of a "great gathering place of the waters" (Avestan:
1658:
1624:
1619:
1546:
1538:
1488:
1473:
1402:
1372:
1342:
739:
458:
232:
227:
132:
879:
In a development of a cosmogonical view already alluded to in the
1604:
1483:
1337:
824:
822:
In other Avesta texts, the waters are implicitly associated with
701:
697:
657:
586:
547:
352:
272:
252:
92:
934:
1.10), under whose protection that day then lies. Additionally,
1556:
1551:
1523:
1503:
1437:
1397:
1392:
1387:
974:
734:
712:
677:
661:
404:
362:
357:
217:
162:
117:
1571:
1442:
1427:
967:
791:
744:
669:
512:
237:
222:
127:
122:
1177:. Göttingen–Leipzig: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht/JC Hinrichs.
1513:
1478:
1352:
1322:
756:
681:
518:
82:
72:
605:) is grammatically feminine, and the Apas are female. The
550:
language term for "the waters", which, in its innumerable
1447:
1367:
1184:
Asiatica: Festschrift
Friedrich Weller Zum 65. Geburtstag
527:
1080:
872:, ('Original Creation', an 11th- or 12th-century text),
836:
of the earth (this association is properly developed in
580:"To this day reverence for water is deeply ingrained in
1232:(to the earth and the sacred waters), as translated by
1053:
1070:
1068:
1043:
1041:
958:. sha'aban meaning The Zoroastrian name-day feast of
521:
1092:
530:
515:
1026:
509:
1065:
1038:
911:11.100.2, 28.8) where they were then cleansed by
1689:
1293:
1186:. Leipzig: Otto Harrassowitz. pp. 405–413.
1168:. Vol. I. New York: Mazda Pub. p. 58.
919:), the tidal sea, before flowing back into the
733:, which interrupts the sequential order of the
660:the divinities are wholesome to drink, in the
1279:
1195:Persian art, Parthian and Sassanian dynasties
766:38, which is dedicated "to the earth and the
481:
1182:Lommel, Herman (1954). "Anahita-Sarasvati".
973:From among the flowers associated with the
590:ceremony—the culminating rite of the
1286:
1272:
1252:
488:
474:
45:
1253:Anklesaria, Behramgore Tehmuras (1956).
1192:
652:"water", cognate with the British river
554:states, is represented by the Apas, the
624:/Āvā (in religious usage only) derive.
1690:
1238:
1212:
1181:
1172:
1086:
16:Avestan-language term for "the waters"
1267:
1158:
1136:
1114:
1098:
1074:
1059:
1047:
1032:
664:the divinities are good to bathe in.
543:
410:Zoroastrianism in the United States
13:
1142:History of Zoroastrianism, Vol. II
946:1a.23-24), as well as that of the
14:
1724:
1120:History of Zoroastrianism, Vol. I
802:
1670:
1669:
1657:
782:/Apas is "Mazda-made and holy".
644:, and both derive from the same
505:
457:
1108:
861:
759:), another divinity of waters.
722:
575:
1:
1019:
966:by Indian Zoroastrians (see:
942:of the Zoroastrian calendar (
7:
1004:Temple of Anahita, Kangavar
992:
638:
440:Criticism of Zoroastrianism
420:Persecution of Zoroastrians
10:
1729:
999:Temple of Anahita, Istakhr
915:(Avestan, middle Persian:
696:) and two lesser Yazatas (
18:
1651:
1580:
1537:
1466:
1305:
1193:Girshman, Roman (1962).
940:eighth month of the year
938:is also the name of the
627:The Avestan common noun
193:101 Names of Ahura Mazda
1234:Lawrence Heyworth Mills
1197:. London: Golden Press.
1173:Lommel, Herman (1927).
1009:Qadamgah (ancient site)
631:corresponds exactly to
1256:The Greater Bundahishn
711:, one of the moons of
158:Zoroastrian literature
1590:Fravardigan (Mukhtad)
1240:Müller, Friedrich Max
1214:Müller, Friedrich Max
1165:Encyclopaedia Iranica
844:3.1, the eminence of
727:In the seven-chapter
445:Zoroastrian cosmology
395:Zoroastrians in India
151:Scripture and worship
21:Aban (disambiguation)
1175:Die Yašts des Awesta
964:Aban Ardvisur Jashan
962:, also known as the
928:Zoroastrian calendar
400:Zoroastrians in Iran
266:Accounts and legends
19:For other uses, see
1664:Religion portal
1206:, as translated by
1089:, pp. 405–413.
1062:, pp. 132–133.
798:Aredvi Sura Anahita
707:Abans, a crater on
698:Aredvi Sura Anahita
617:/Āvān), from which
464:Religion portal
316:History and culture
1708:Water and religion
1703:Classical elements
903:, middle Persian:
891:, middle Persian:
730:Yasna Haptanghaiti
646:proto-Indo-Iranian
283:Book of Arda Viraf
213:Cypress of Kashmar
1685:
1684:
1208:James Darmesteter
1151:978-90-04-06506-2
1144:. Leiden: Brill.
1129:978-90-04-10474-7
1122:. Leiden: Brill.
1014:Minar (Firuzabad)
866:According to the
854:(middle Persian:
755:(middle Persian:
715:, is named after
498:
497:
1720:
1673:
1672:
1662:
1661:
1582:Jashe/Parab days
1567:Zartosht No-Diso
1299:Iranian calendar
1288:
1281:
1274:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1249:
1223:
1198:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1162:(1983). "Aban".
1155:
1133:
1102:
1101:, pp. 29ff.
1096:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1036:
1030:
948:Iranian calendar
828:(middle Persian
641:
609:equivalents are
572:-language form.
545:
537:
536:
533:
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524:
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198:Adur Burzen-Mihr
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1027:
1022:
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864:
743:, wives of the
725:
601:(from singular
578:
558:of the waters.
526:
508:
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451:
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434:
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309:
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293:Story of Sanjan
267:
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106:Divine entities
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24:
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1643:Sepandarmazgan
1640:
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1595:Ardibeheshtgan
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1250:
1248:. Oxford: OUP.
1242:, ed. (1887).
1224:
1222:. Oxford: OUP.
1216:, ed. (1883).
1199:
1189:
1188:
1179:
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1156:
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1128:
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1103:
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1064:
1052:
1037:
1035:, p. 155.
1024:
1023:
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1001:
994:
991:
956:Hijri calendar
863:
860:
778:2.5 and 6.11,
724:
721:
686:Amesha Spentas
633:Vedic Sanskrit
619:Parsi Gujarati
607:Middle Persian
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570:Middle Persian
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433:Related topics
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298:Chinvat Bridge
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288:Book of Jamasp
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243:Khordeh Avesta
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39:Zoroastrianism
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1095:
1088:
1083:
1077:, p. 58.
1076:
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1050:, p. 71.
1049:
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839:
835:
834:Amesha Spenta
831:
827:
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820:
818:
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810:
809:Artaxerxes II
806:
805:
800:
799:
794:
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788:
783:
781:
777:
773:
769:
768:sacred waters
765:
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208:Adur Gushnasp
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37:
36:
32:
28:
27:
22:
1674:
1655:
1615:Shahrivargan
1508:
1383:Dae-Pa-Meher
1357:
1255:
1245:SBE, Vol. 31
1244:
1227:
1219:SBE, Vol. 23
1218:
1202:
1194:
1183:
1174:
1163:
1141:
1119:
1109:Bibliography
1094:
1082:
1055:
1028:
986:
978:
972:
963:
959:
943:
935:
931:
925:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
878:
873:
867:
865:
862:In tradition
855:
849:
845:
841:
837:
829:
823:
821:
812:
804:In tradition
803:
796:
790:
786:
784:
779:
775:
771:
763:
761:
752:
748:
738:
728:
726:
723:In scripture
716:
706:
666:
649:
635:
628:
626:
621:
614:
613:/Ābān (alt:
610:
602:
598:
596:
591:
585:
582:Zoroastrians
579:
576:Introduction
565:
561:
560:
500:
499:
303:Frashokereti
248:The Rivayats
203:Adur Farnbag
188:Fire Temples
178:Yenghe hatam
173:Ahuna Vairya
138:Angra Mainyu
1610:Amordadegan
1562:Khordad Sal
1529:Aspandarmad
1433:Ashishvangh
1348:Dae-Pa-Adar
1333:Aspandarmad
1295:Zoroastrian
1160:Boyce, Mary
1138:Boyce, Mary
1116:Boyce, Mary
1087:Lommel 1954
901:Aredvi Sura
899:, Avestan:
648:word, stem
587:ape zaothra
333:Khurramites
83:Persia/Iran
68:Zarathustra
63:Ahura Mazda
1692:Categories
1638:Bahmanagan
1600:Khordadgan
1479:Ardibehest
1453:Mahraspand
1423:Dae-Pa-Din
1323:Ardibehest
1203:Aban Yasht
1099:Boyce 1982
1075:Boyce 1983
1060:Boyce 1975
1048:Boyce 1975
1033:Boyce 1975
1020:References
987:Bundahishn
983:water-lily
981:'s is the
944:Bundahishn
921:Vourukasha
909:Bundahishn
897:*harahvati
889:Vourukasha
869:Bundahishn
840:3.17). In
838:Bundahishn
830:Spendarmad
787:Aban Yasht
757:Burz Yazad
753:Apam Napat
682:Apam Napat
556:hypostases
353:Initiation
168:Ashem Vohu
78:Vohu Manah
1620:Meheragan
1539:Festivals
1499:Shehrevar
1474:Fravardin
1403:Fravardin
1328:Shehrevar
883:(21.15),
856:(K)hordad
851:Haurvatat
817:Saraswati
690:Haurvatat
568:) is the
552:aggregate
546:) is the
388:Adherents
348:Festivals
328:Mazdakism
323:Zurvanism
278:Bundahišn
88:Faravahar
1676:Category
1625:Abanegan
1547:Gambhars
1363:Khorshed
1140:(1982).
1118:(1975).
993:See also
989:27.24).
960:Abanagan
952:Sha'aban
905:Ardvisur
881:Vendidad
740:Ahuranis
597:Avestan
564:(plural
370:Marriage
343:Calendar
233:Visperad
228:Vendidad
133:Fravashi
31:a series
29:Part of
1713:Anahita
1698:Yazatas
1630:Azargan
1605:Tiragan
1494:Amardad
1484:Khordad
1343:Amardad
1338:Khordad
1313:Hormazd
975:yazatas
954:in the
926:In the
913:Puitika
893:Varkash
832:), the
825:Armaiti
785:In the
702:Ahurani
694:Armaiti
684:), two
658:RigVeda
548:Avestan
540:Avestan
273:Dēnkard
253:Ab-Zohr
118:Yazatas
93:Avestan
1634:Daegan
1557:Pateti
1552:Nowruz
1524:Bahman
1467:Months
1458:Aneran
1448:Zamyad
1438:Ashtad
1408:Behram
1398:Rashne
1318:Bahman
1148:
1126:
968:Parsis
932:Siroza
735:Gathas
713:Uranus
678:Mithra
670:Ahuras
662:Avesta
415:Iranis
405:Parsis
375:Burial
363:Sedreh
358:Kushti
238:Yashts
218:Gathas
163:Avesta
128:Daevas
123:Ahuras
1572:Sadeh
1504:Meher
1443:Asman
1418:Govad
1393:Srosh
1388:Meher
1368:Mohor
1228:Yasna
917:Putik
842:Yasna
792:Yasht
776:Yasna
764:Yasna
749:Yasna
745:Ahura
709:Ariel
674:Mazda
592:Yasna
223:Yasna
1514:Adar
1509:Avan
1378:Gosh
1358:Avan
1353:Adar
1306:Days
1146:ISBN
1124:ISBN
979:aban
936:Aban
885:aban
874:aban
846:Aban
780:apas
772:apas
717:aban
700:and
654:Avon
650:*ap-
639:āpas
629:āpas
615:āvān
611:ābān
599:apas
566:Ābān
544:āpas
501:Apas
73:Asha
1519:Dae
1489:Tir
1428:Din
1413:Ram
1373:Tir
1236:in
1210:in
923:.
858:).
770:",
762:In
704:).
622:āvā
603:āpō
1694::
1230:38
1067:^
1040:^
977:,
813:r.
719:.
692:,
680:,
676:,
562:Āb
542::
538:,
534:-/
513:ɑː
33:on
1297:-
1287:e
1280:t
1273:v
1259:.
1154:.
1132:.
985:(
811:(
789:(
747:(
688:(
672:(
531:p
528:æ
525:,
522:s
519:ə
516:p
510:ˈ
507:/
503:(
489:e
482:t
475:v
23:.
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