244:
1945, the
Executive Committee of the ANCWL passed a resolution to allow itself to establish branches wherever the ANC already had a presence, indicating a step towards building up a political organization for women in the ANC. This was rejected by the ANC on the grounds that it would be promoting a parallel feminist organization that could foster divisions within the nationalist movement. The tension between feminism and the nationalist movement was a constant struggle that ultimately resulted in a cyclical pattern of "double militancy" for women in the ANC; women had to struggle against the patriarchal notions of women's roles in the ANC's nationalism, struggle for a political space for women, and struggle against critiques or attacks from their mostly male comrades when they tried to seek autonomy for the ANCWL. Despite this, women's own political strength would push against assumed gender roles within the ANC.
222:
chanting, protest and even fighting with police. Many members were arrested in
Jagersfontein, Winburg and Bloemfontein. This militant action by the women resulted in the exclusion of women from the pass laws until 1956 when the South African government attempted to subject women to pass laws again. The mass mobilization of the women caught the ANC by surprise; this high level of political activity continued throughout the interwar period, prompting the ANC to reconsider the role of women in the nationalist struggle. The women made up a powerful political constituency, and the ANC was building a mass base to achieve its goal of national liberation.
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307:. The formal roles of the women in the Women's Section was to act as "social workers" for the members in exile. However, women in exile also took on roles of diplomats, like in the case of Mophosho, or they were able to rethink their politics and incorporate a feminist politics into their nationalist struggle through encounters with feminists in other countries, like the feminists of the
189:
588:
party. The issue allegedly lay with provincial secretary Briget
Tlhomelang, who at the time was not the secretary but still accessed the ANC's bank accounts. The suspended chairperson, Fetsang Molosiwa, claimed only the party's executive committee could suspend the three and not the PEC. An investigation was underway in early 2022.
164:
From its founding until the present the organization's structure, internal debates, and activity have been influenced by critical events in the national liberation struggle and by the ultimate authority of the ANC. Although the ANCWL was established as a way to incorporate women and their issues into
461:
was also nominated for the presidency but declined to stand in the election. At the national conference in August 2003, the ANCWL's fourth since 1990, Mapisa-Nqakula prevailed and was elected ANCWL president, beating Modise by 528 votes. The conference also elected Mavivi
Myakayaka-Manzini as deputy
235:
The interwar period was marked by an increase in Black women's mobilization against apartheid. The increase in secondary industry and the reduction of the reserve economy prompted the mass urbanization of women into townships, creating the conditions for a massive wave of resistance in the 1940s and
556:
announced that, while
Dlamini would not be required to "step aside", the entire national executive of the ANCWL would be disbanded because it had exceeded its five-year term. The disbandment ended Dlamini and other national leaders' terms and leadership of the ANCWL was entrusted to an interim task
243:
Almost immediately following the creation of the ANCWL there began debates within the organization about whether the ANCWL should be a more autonomous or decentralized organization for advancing women's politics and position within the nationalist movement and in the future post-apartheid state. In
221:
In 1912, the BWL obtained 5000 Black and
Colored women's signatures. The petition was sent to Prime Minister Louis Bothaasking, requesting the repeal of the pass laws. The women received no response. In response and led by Maxeke, the members burned their passes in front of municipal offices while
217:
could regulate the movement of Black South
Africans, most of whom were migrant workers. The pass was seen as a symbol of racist oppression and the Bantu Women's League was built to channel women's militancy in order to protest the passes. Black men had already been required to carry passes. Whites
251:
was adopted. Then secretary-general of the ANC, Oliver Tambo, remarked that the "Women's League is not just an auxiliary to the ANC and we know that we cannot win liberation or build a strong movement without the participation of women." This remark was made coming off of the heels of the ANCWL's
587:
The ANCWL in the North West suspended three of its members. The League's
Provincial Executive Committee (PEC) placed three of its executive members on leave on January 21, 2022 due to fraud accusations. The accusation was that the three individuals were plotting to illegally take money from the
295:, among others. While the organization was banned, some members created organizations such as the Federation of Transvaal Women (FEDTRAW), Natal Organisation of Women (NOW) and United Women's Congress (UWCO) in the Western Cape. The ANC itself operated primarily in exile from headquarters in
444:
in
December 1997, the ANCWL nominated its president, Madikizela-Mandela, for the deputy presidency of the mainstream ANC, but the nomination was invalidated on a technicality. An attempt by the ANCWL to nominate her again, this time from the floor of the conference, also failed. Although
236:
1950s. In 1943, the ANC decided to allow women to join the organization as full members. In 1948, the ANC created the Women's League, the organization that was to be the home for women members of the ANC and the mechanism through which their politics and participation would be directed.
311:. This was an important period for ANC women in exile because when they were allowed to return in 1990, they would bring the lessons from these political exchanges into advocating for advancing the status of women in a post-apartheid South Africa and its new constitution.
161:. After women were allowed to become members of the ANC in 1943, the ANCWL was created as the means by which Black South African women could contribute to the national liberation struggle by channeling Black women's political activity into the ANC by way of the ANCWL.
578:
receiving oral sex by an
African American women in a circus tent. "Of late, the organisation has failed time and time again to check misogyny within the ANC and has made shallow attempts at best to check misogyny outside of it."
287:, South African police forces opened fire on a demonstration of Black South Africans against the pass laws. 69 people were killed by the police, and riots spread across South Africa in response to the massacre at Sharpeville. The
165:
the ANC, there are conflicting accounts over the extent to which women and their issues were represented by this organization, the degree to which organizational autonomy was desired, and the organization's relationship with
204:
as a part of the ANC but without full membership rights. It was founded to give organization to women's issues and to channel women's politics into the ANC's nationalist struggle. The organization operated on the ANC's
402:
On 11 February 1995, eleven members of the ANCWL national executive resigned from their positions in protest of Madikizela-Mandela's leadership, vaguely citing undemocratic practices and a lack of accountability. The
299:; the Women's League became dormant, although much of its work was continued by the "Women's Section" of the mainstream ANC, which had multiple branches across different exile states. Leaders of the section included
256:, which saw women members taking important roles and leading massive actions. Women saw the leverage this gave them and took the opportunity to demand that their demands be incorporated into the charter. On
509:
as treasurer. Motshekga remained in the presidency until 2013 – although the league's constitution required it to hold national conferences every five years, the conference was delayed by two years.
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nationalist conception of women's political interests as solely issues that inhibited women in their roles as wives and mothers. A central issue that led to its formation were the attempts by the
157:. This organization has its precedent in the Bantu Women's League, and it oscillated from being the Women's Section to the Women's League from its founding, through the exile years, and in a post-
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in December 2007, the ANCWL reportedly supported Mbeki's unsuccessful bid for re-election as ANC president, although secretary general Dlamini supported his opponent,
275:(FEDSAW), a parallel organization that the ANC could bring into the national liberation struggle through the ANCWL's key membership and leadership in the federation.
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said that treasurer-general Tambo led the walk-out, and the group also included secretary-general Mapisa-Nqakula and former secretary-general Mbete, as well as
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196:". Photo taken in Fordsburg, Johannesburg; poster designed for African National Congress South Africa in Lusaka, to commemorate 1984 as "Year of the Women"
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437:. Upon Madikizela-Mandela's death in 2018, it was still not clear exactly what precipitated the protest; most of the women later rejoined the ANCWL.
78:
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became the first president of the auxiliary organization, and the organization was allowed to govern itself within the boundaries set by the ANC.
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had declined a nomination to stand for the presidency and had reportedly supported Shope's campaign, and she was elected ANCWL deputy president.
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Shope was replaced as president by Madikizela-Mandela in December 1993, at the ANCWL's second national conference; the conference also elected
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Many of these women were members of the ANCWL or worked with them in organizations like FEDSAW to advance the national liberation struggle.
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in August 2015, it hosted a repeat of the 2008 leadership battle; on this occasion, Dlamini won, earning 1,537 votes to Motshekga's 1,081.
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to require Black women to carry passes. Passes were documents that were used as a means by which local state authorities and white
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for election to the presidency; Motshekga won the vote. Also elected at the conference were Nosiphiwo Mwambi as deputy president,
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169:. After the ANC was allowed to return to South Africa in 1990, the ANCWL returned to being a formal organization within the ANC.
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reported that Mbeki had secured the league's support by selecting Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma (a provincial leader of the ANCWL in
17:
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Madikizela-Mandela was elected to a second term as ANCWL president at the league's 1997 conference, she was convicted of
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The top national leadership of the ANCWL are elected at regular national conferences; the 12th was held in August 2015.
176:, who held the office from 2015 until April 2022, when the entire national executive of the league was disbanded by the
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1691:"The ANCWL needs the kind of leaders who will motivate its members and work to improve the lot of all South Africans"
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429:. The ANC sent in its own national leadership to attempt to mediate the dispute: the women met with Deputy President
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In subsequent months, Modise and Mapisa-Nqakula were engaged in a heated contest to succeed Madikizela-Mandela.
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required Dlamini to step down as ANCWL president following her conviction. Ultimately, later in April, the ANC
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3175:"'Now Is the Time!' The Importance of International Spaces for Women's Activism within the ANC, 1960–1976"
3128:"'Now Is the Time!' The Importance of International Spaces for Women's Activism within the ANC, 1960–1976"
3081:"'Now Is the Time!' The Importance of International Spaces for Women's Activism within the ANC, 1960–1976"
3034:"'Now Is the Time!' The Importance of International Spaces for Women's Activism within the ANC, 1960–1976"
2987:"'Now Is the Time!' The Importance of International Spaces for Women's Activism within the ANC, 1960–1976"
2893:"'Now Is the Time!' The Importance of International Spaces for Women's Activism within the ANC, 1960–1976"
2803:"'Now Is the Time!' The Importance of International Spaces for Women's Activism within the ANC, 1960–1976"
2756:"'Now Is the Time!' The Importance of International Spaces for Women's Activism within the ANC, 1960–1976"
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1580:"'Now Is the Time!' The Importance of International Spaces for Women's Activism within the ANC, 1960–1976"
1493:"'Now Is the Time!' The Importance of International Spaces for Women's Activism within the ANC, 1960–1976"
1395:"'Now Is the Time!' The Importance of International Spaces for Women's Activism within the ANC, 1960–1976"
1348:"'Now Is the Time!' The Importance of International Spaces for Women's Activism within the ANC, 1960–1976"
1130:"'Now Is the Time!' The Importance of International Spaces for Women's Activism within the ANC, 1960–1976"
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charges; there was some controversy within the ANC about whether the mainstream organisation's so-called
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Several months after the ANC was unbanned by the apartheid government, the ANCWL was relaunched in
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also stood for the presidency but was elected in a vote, receiving only 196 votes to Shope's 633;
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1269:"The 1913 Women's anti-pass campaign in the Orange Free State | South African History Online"
1201:"The 1913 Women's anti-pass campaign in the Orange Free State | South African History Online"
1176:"The 1913 Women's anti-pass campaign in the Orange Free State | South African History Online"
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and theft in April 2003 and resigned from the office. Modise stepped in as acting president.
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2013:
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At the ANCWL national conference in 2008, outgoing secretary-general Dlamini contested with
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1018:"ANC appoints Baleka Mbete to lead women's league task team, excludes Bathabile Dlamini"
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The ANC had asked it to help in organizing the 1955 Congress of the people, where the
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The experience of the Defiance Campaign also led to the ANCWL's role in creating the
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This leadership complement was viewed as aligned to the incumbent ANC president and
336:. In April 1991 the league held its first national conference in several decades in
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Women's organizations and democracy in South Africa : contesting authority
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Among the activists and politicians who were allied with the ANC during the
473:, Thabo Mbeki. In the fierce campaigning that preceded the mainstream ANC's
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Viola Hashe, blind trade union leader, speaking at a 1952 rally during the "
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government declared a state of emergency and moved to ban the ANC and the
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2513:"Bathabile Dlamini, Derek Hanekom, step-aside: The ANC fightback begins"
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as secretary-general, Mpai Mogori as deputy secretary-general, and
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Since the ANCWL was relaunched in 1990, its presidents have been:
570:
South African artist Ayanda Mabulu once created a painting called
537:
beat Tolashe in a vote to take her post as secretary-general, and
126:
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2566:"Step-aside rule: 'Fine' print saves Bathabile Dlamini's bacon"
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On 1 April, incumbent ANCWL president Dlamini was convicted on
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2704:"Bathabile Dlamini takes ANC Women's League presidency | eNCA"
857:"Diversity without Unity: Fragments of the History of the ANC"
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session, the ANCWL failed to garner the requisite support for
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1872:"ANC 'intervenes' in Malema ex-ANCWL 'sellout' allegations"
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2135:"After Mandela: Winnie bows out of race for deputy leader"
1981:"Winnie Mandela Stops Trying to Rekindle Political Career"
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The Bantu Women's League (BWL) was founded in 1913 by Dr.
1786:"Mandela Can't Persuade ANC Women Not to Quit in Dispute"
1665:"Baleka Mbete: a JZ ally who wants a state capture probe"
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of the mainstream ANC in July 1991, in a highly charged
149:) is an auxiliary women's political organization of the
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Civic and political organisations based in Johannesburg
452:
2108:"The ANC's 50th Conference: A House of Many Mansions?"
1757:"Women's League rebels get a lashing from the regions"
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was elected unopposed as ANCWL deputy president, and
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and then, reportedly for four hours, with President
2850:"Women and the African National Congress 1912-1943"
2015:"Winnie Mandela ruled out of race for top ANC post"
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1314:
1227:"Women and the African National Congress 1912-1943"
1087:"Women and the African National Congress 1912-1943"
1044:"Women and the African National Congress 1912-1943"
904:"Women and the African National Congress 1912-1943"
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2435:"Bathabile Dlamini elected ANCWL's new president"
529:was elected treasurer, winning in a vote against
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4154:People Against Suffering, Oppression and Poverty
1950:"ANC women nominate Winnie for deputy president"
1311:
982:. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press.
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5387:Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre
4049:Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa
2678:"Bathabile Dlamini elected new ANCWL president"
1629:"Winnie Mandela's Defeat In ANC Vote Is Hailed"
850:
848:
2051:"Women's league is non-aligned, says minister"
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
743:became the first elected female member of the
356:(then known as Baleka Kgositsile) was elected
319:
309:People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola
4583:
3826:
3262:
3248:
2244:
1441:"History of Women's Struggle in South Africa"
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
3840:
2273:
845:
6672:Women's organisations based in South Africa
4093:South African Liberal Students' Association
2274:Terreblanche, Christelle (29 August 2003).
582:
172:The most recent president of the ANCWL was
4590:
4576:
3833:
3819:
3255:
3241:
2854:Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity
2245:wa Sepotokele, Themba (1 September 2003).
2188:"Women's league accepts Winnie's sentence"
1722:Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity
1231:Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity
1091:Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity
1048:Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity
938:
908:Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity
557:team, pending fresh leadership elections.
2485:
2217:"Fight is on for Women's League top spot"
230:
5460:Reconstruction and Development Programme
2937:
2624:
1922:
1464:
1015:
383:Madikizela-Mandela presidency: 1993–2003
187:
143:African National Congress Women's League
5056:1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike
2847:
1224:
1084:
1041:
901:
183:
14:
6649:
5537:2012 Western Cape farm workers' strike
3777:Congress of South African Trade Unions
3276:
3172:
3125:
3078:
3031:
2984:
2890:
2800:
2753:
2627:"ANCWL hosts 12th National Conference"
2563:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2357:
2355:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2269:
2267:
2045:
2043:
2041:
1866:
1864:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1780:
1778:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1577:
1490:
1392:
1345:
1127:
975:
283:On March 22, 1960, in the township of
278:
4571:
3814:
3236:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2301:"New Women's League leader announced"
2240:
2238:
2211:
2209:
2146:from the original on 10 December 2021
2105:
2077:"Winnie saves face at ANC conference"
2026:from the original on 10 December 2021
1978:
1659:
1657:
1623:
1621:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
854:
517:When the next conference was held in
314:
4087:People Against Gangsterism and Drugs
3173:Lundin, Emma Elinor (4 March 2019).
3126:Lundin, Emma Elinor (4 March 2019).
3079:Lundin, Emma Elinor (4 March 2019).
3032:Lundin, Emma Elinor (4 March 2019).
2985:Lundin, Emma Elinor (4 March 2019).
2891:Lundin, Emma Elinor (4 March 2019).
2801:Lundin, Emma Elinor (4 March 2019).
2754:Lundin, Emma Elinor (4 March 2019).
2486:Chabalala, Jeanette (1 April 2022).
2276:"Nosiviwe steps into Winnie's shoes"
2247:"League wants equal power for women"
1898:"When Thabo came to Winnie's rescue"
1715:
1578:Lundin, Emma Elinor (4 March 2019).
1491:Lundin, Emma Elinor (4 March 2019).
1393:Lundin, Emma Elinor (4 March 2019).
1346:Lundin, Emma Elinor (4 March 2019).
1128:Lundin, Emma Elinor (4 March 2019).
1011:
1009:
1007:
691:
453:Mapisa-Nqakula presidency: 2003–2008
6677:1931 establishments in South Africa
5467:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
5113:Coloured-vote constitutional crisis
4175:Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign
3179:Journal of Southern African Studies
3132:Journal of Southern African Studies
3085:Journal of Southern African Studies
3038:Journal of Southern African Studies
2991:Journal of Southern African Studies
2897:Journal of Southern African Studies
2807:Journal of Southern African Studies
2760:Journal of Southern African Studies
2598:
2412:
2381:
2352:
2319:
2264:
2038:
1979:Daley, Suzanne (18 December 1997).
1861:
1804:
1775:
1744:
1709:
1584:Journal of Southern African Studies
1497:Journal of Southern African Studies
1399:Journal of Southern African Studies
1352:Journal of Southern African Studies
1134:Journal of Southern African Studies
1016:Makinana, Andisiwe (30 June 2022).
651:
489:at that time) as his running mate.
268:with a petition against pass laws.
24:
6667:Women's wings of political parties
4110:Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front
4055:Congress of South African Students
3904:
3480:Horatio L. Bud-M'belle (1919–1923)
2583:
2394:"Women's League president elected"
2235:
2206:
2166:"The Nine Lives of Winnie Mandela"
2099:
2069:
1972:
1923:Phakgadi, Pelane (16 April 2018).
1654:
1618:
1531:
734:
591:
260:, league members representing the
25:
6688:
6619:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
6254:South African Party (Cape Colony)
3217:
2087:from the original on 3 March 2011
1960:from the original on 3 March 2011
1004:
273:Federation of South African Women
262:Federation of South African Women
6631:
6630:
4552:
4551:
4345:"Dubul' ibhunu" (Shoot the Boer)
4081:Lesbian and Gay Equality Project
3793:
3792:
3742:Solomon Mahlangu Freedom College
2461:"ANC rebukes its women's league"
861:South African Historical Journal
745:ANC National Executive Committee
46:
6268:South African Party (1977–1980)
6261:South African Party (1911–1934)
6177:Progressive Party (Cape Colony)
5974:Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners
4099:South African Students Congress
3660:Provincial Executive Committees
3166:
3119:
3072:
3025:
2978:
2931:
2884:
2841:
2794:
2747:
2722:
2696:
2670:
2644:
2625:Lindeque, Mia (6 August 2015).
2618:
2564:Sokutu, Brian (28 April 2022).
2557:
2531:
2505:
2479:
2453:
2293:
2180:
2158:
2126:
2006:
1942:
1916:
1890:
1835:
1683:
1571:
1484:
1458:
1433:
1386:
1339:
1286:
1261:
1218:
493:Motshekga presidency: 2008–2015
399:was elected treasurer-general.
151:African National Congress (ANC)
5586:2019 service delivery protests
5572:#FeesMustFall student protests
5317:1983 constitutional referendum
4013:South Africa political parties
1843:"ANC women walk out on Winnie"
1718:"ANC 48th National Conference"
1193:
1168:
1121:
1078:
1035:
895:
560:
218:did not have to carry passes.
13:
1:
6044:Johannesburg Reform Committee
5273:Israel–South Africa Agreement
4666:
4651:
4628:
4621:
4249:(Don't) touch me on my studio
4105:South African Wine Initiative
3782:South African Communist Party
3191:10.1080/03057070.2019.1605738
3144:10.1080/03057070.2019.1605738
3097:10.1080/03057070.2019.1605738
3050:10.1080/03057070.2019.1605738
3003:10.1080/03057070.2019.1605738
2909:10.1080/03057070.2019.1605738
2819:10.1080/03057070.2019.1605738
2772:10.1080/03057070.2019.1605738
2730:"Bathabile Olive Dlamini, Ms"
1596:10.1080/03057070.2019.1605738
1509:10.1080/03057070.2019.1605738
1411:10.1080/03057070.2019.1605738
1364:10.1080/03057070.2019.1605738
1146:10.1080/03057070.2019.1605738
873:10.1080/02582473.2016.1224269
855:Brown, Julian (2 July 2016).
838:
541:was elected Matuba's deputy.
513:Dlamini presidency: 2015–2022
264:, confronted Prime Minister
5699:Black Consciousness Movement
5453:Government of National Unity
4197:Unemployed Peoples' Movement
4043:Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging
3655:National Executive Committee
1565:South African History Online
1471:South African History Online
1467:"ANC Women's League (ANCWL)"
1445:South African History Online
675:Nosiphiwo Mwambi (2008–2015)
599:
574:, portraying then-president
565:
554:National Executive Committee
178:National Executive Committee
7:
5410:Saint James Church massacre
5296:Weapons of mass destruction
4425:No Land! No House! No Vote!
4339:No Land! No House! No Vote!
379:into the ANC constitution.
320:Shope presidency: 1991–1993
10:
6693:
5150:1957 Alexandra bus boycott
5028:South West Africa campaign
4927:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
4892:French Huguenot settlement
3650:National Working Committee
3321:Zacharias Richard Mahabane
3303:Zacharias Richard Mahabane
2944:Journal of Women's History
1465:sahoboss (31 March 2011).
225:
211:Orange Free State province
37:African National Congress
6657:African National Congress
6628:
6605:African National Congress
6594:
6500:
6333:
6065:Liberal Party (1953–1968)
5788:
5779:
5637:
5433:
5403:1992 apartheid referendum
5072:
5017:
4936:
4874:
4847:
4840:
4606:
4549:
4438:
4365:
4323:
4222:
4205:
4192:Treatment Action Campaign
4170:Landless Peoples Movement
4138:South Africa trade unions
4123:
4020:
4003:
3927:
3916:
3902:
3848:
3790:
3765:
3695:
3642:
3573:
3455:
3378:
3283:
3272:
3265:African National Congress
2938:Sandwell, Rachel (2018).
2652:"Motshekga to lead ANCWL"
2168:. SAPA. 23 September 1997
1633:Christian Science Monitor
790:Winnie Madikizela-Mandela
615:Winnie Madikizela-Mandela
346:Winnie Madikizela-Mandela
252:large involvement in the
124:
119:
99:
84:
72:
62:
54:
45:
34:
6058:Labour Party (1969–1994)
6051:Labour Party (1910–1958)
5607:2020 Phala Phala Robbery
5565:#RhodesMustFall protests
5164:1960 republic referendum
4511:Political assassinations
4187:Social Justice Coalition
4149:Mandela Park Backyarders
3842:Politics of South Africa
2734:South African Government
976:Hassim, Shireen (2006).
670:Mavivi Myakayaka-Manzini
583:Alleged North West fraud
475:52nd National Conference
459:Manto Tshabalala-Msimang
442:50th National Conference
419:Mavivi Myakayaka-Manzini
391:as deputy president and
365:48th National Conference
6503:terrorist organisations
5593:2019 Johannesburg riots
5206:Constructive engagement
5171:International isolation
4989:Witwatersrand Gold Rush
4351:One Settler, One Bullet
3526:Alfred Baphethuxolo Nzo
3309:Josiah Tshangana Gumede
3291:John Langalibalele Dube
2848:Ginwala, Frene (1990).
2543:The Mail & Guardian
2517:The Mail & Guardian
2465:The Mail & Guardian
2367:The Mail & Guardian
2338:The Mail & Guardian
2305:The Mail & Guardian
2221:The Mail & Guardian
2192:The Mail & Guardian
2055:The Mail & Guardian
1902:The Mail & Guardian
1876:The Mail & Guardian
1761:The Mail & Guardian
1225:Ginwala, Frene (1990).
1085:Ginwala, Frene (1990).
1042:Ginwala, Frene (1990).
902:Ginwala, Frene (1990).
704:Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula
627:Nosiviwe Mapisa-Ngakula
393:Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula
180:of the mainstream ANC.
18:ANC Women's League
5516:Attack on Kennedy Road
5127:Congress of the People
4718:South African Republic
4309:Anti-Chinese sentiment
4294:White monopoly capital
4160:Poor People's Alliance
3910:
3712:Congress of the People
2956:10.1353/jowh.2018.0043
2112:Southern Africa Report
1817:"ANCWL Members Resign"
685:Lungi Mnganga-Gcabashe
527:Maite Nkoana-Mashabane
466:as secretary-general.
423:Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma
395:as secretary-general.
231:Early years: 1948–1960
202:Charlotte Manye Maxeke
197:
159:apartheid South Africa
6086:Natal Indian Congress
5806:Afrikaner Broederbond
5660:Afrikaner nationalism
5446:1994 general election
5417:Bophuthatswana crisis
5310:Church Street bombing
5090:Apartheid legislation
5083:1948 general election
5003:South Africa Act 1909
4798:Union of South Africa
4618:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
4598:Political history of
4496:Legacies of apartheid
4357:"Each One, Teach One"
4314:Anti-Indian sentiment
4259:Proudly South African
4165:Abahlali baseMjondolo
3940:Afrikaner nationalism
3908:
1956:. 14 September 1997.
572:The Pornography Power
191:
5720:Greater South Africa
5558:2014 platinum strike
5424:Shell House massacre
5352:Transkei coup d'état
5157:Sharpeville massacre
4920:Battle of Blaauwberg
4913:Battle of Muizenberg
4865:Battle of Salt River
4648:Mthethwa Paramountcy
4516:Political repression
4411:Long Walk to Freedom
3909:Flag of South Africa
3768:Allied organisations
3757:Shell House massacre
3727:Little Rivonia Trial
3675:ANC Veterans' League
3576:National Conferences
3315:Pixley ka Isaka Seme
2363:"Mbeki's dream team"
2334:"United they stand?"
2142:. 18 December 1997.
2083:. 17 December 1997.
1326:www.sahistory.org.za
1298:www.sahistory.org.za
1273:www.sahistory.org.za
1205:www.sahistory.org.za
1180:www.sahistory.org.za
344:as ANCWL president.
293:Pan African Congress
184:Bantu Women's League
6612:Democratic Alliance
5789:Civic and political
5653:Afrikaner Calvinism
5646:African nationalism
5495:African Renaissance
5185:UNSC Resolution 591
5106:Internal resistance
5007:National Convention
4975:Transvaal Civil War
4899:Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars
4782:Orange River Colony
4506:Phala Phala robbery
4404:I Write What I Like
4229:African Renaissance
3955:Black consciousness
3935:African nationalism
3643:Structure and wings
2118:(2). Archived from
2106:Lodge, Tom (1998).
2022:. 9 December 1997.
1567:. 2011. p. 26.
483:Mail & Guardian
406:Mail & Guardian
279:Dormancy: 1960–1990
5359:Ciskei coup d'état
5178:UN Resolution 1761
5143:Women's March 1956
4996:South African Wars
4982:Mineral Revolution
3911:
3665:ANC Women's League
3327:Alfred Bitini Xuma
2545:. 21 February 2022
2340:. 5 September 2003
2057:. 15 February 2007
1985:The New York Times
1904:. 17 February 1995
1849:. 13 February 1995
1823:. 12 February 1995
1792:. 13 February 1995
1763:. 24 February 1995
1716:Horn, Pat (1991).
771:and Rayn Alexander
471:national president
334:1956 Women's March
328:on 9 August 1990,
315:Revival: 1990–2022
198:
6644:
6643:
6597:political parties
6590:
6589:
6567:Orde van die Dood
6184:Progressive Party
5890:Congress Alliance
5706:Cape Independence
5638:Political culture
5633:
5632:
5600:COVID-19 pandemic
5530:Marikana massacre
5366:Venda coup d'état
5120:Defiance Campaign
4710:Orange Free State
4640:Dutch Cape Colony
4565:
4564:
4456:Cape Independence
4434:
4433:
4376:African Communist
4332:Amandla Ngawethu!
4234:Alternative media
4223:Political culture
4215:South African law
4119:
4118:
4005:Political parties
3808:
3807:
3732:uMkhonto we Sizwe
3707:Defiance Campaign
3569:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3538:Kgalema Motlanthe
3456:Secretary-General
3428:Kgalema Motlanthe
2599:Mahlati, Zintle.
2369:. 7 November 2007
1671:. 22 October 2017
1635:. 30 April 1991.
805:Florence Mophosho
785:Florence Mophosho
710:Bathabile Dlamini
692:Secretary-general
639:Bathabile Dlamini
464:Bathabile Dlamini
415:Nomvula Mokonyane
358:secretary-general
301:Florence Mophosho
254:Defiance Campaign
194:Defiance Campaign
174:Bathabile Dlamini
167:feminist politics
139:
138:
74:Secretary-General
16:(Redirected from
6684:
6634:
6633:
6621:
6614:
6607:
6583:
6576:
6569:
6562:
6555:
6548:
6541:
6534:
6527:
6520:
6513:
6501:Paramilitary and
6493:
6491:Umkosi Wezintaba
6486:
6479:
6472:
6465:
6458:
6451:
6444:
6437:
6430:
6423:
6416:
6409:
6402:
6395:
6388:
6381:
6374:
6367:
6360:
6353:
6346:
6336:social movements
6334:Trade unions and
6326:
6319:
6312:
6305:
6298:
6291:
6284:
6277:
6270:
6263:
6256:
6249:
6242:
6235:
6228:
6221:
6214:
6207:
6200:
6193:
6186:
6179:
6172:
6165:
6158:
6151:
6144:
6137:
6130:
6123:
6116:
6109:
6102:
6095:
6088:
6081:
6074:
6067:
6060:
6053:
6046:
6039:
6032:
6025:
6018:
6011:
6004:
5997:
5990:
5983:
5976:
5969:
5962:
5955:
5948:
5941:
5934:
5927:
5920:
5913:
5906:
5899:
5892:
5885:
5878:
5871:
5864:
5857:
5855:Boerestaat Party
5850:
5843:
5836:
5829:
5822:
5815:
5808:
5801:
5786:
5785:
5772:
5763:
5754:
5745:
5738:
5729:
5722:
5715:
5708:
5701:
5694:
5685:
5676:
5669:
5662:
5655:
5648:
5626:
5616:
5609:
5602:
5595:
5588:
5581:
5574:
5567:
5560:
5553:
5546:
5539:
5532:
5525:
5518:
5511:
5504:
5497:
5490:
5483:
5476:
5469:
5462:
5455:
5448:
5426:
5419:
5412:
5405:
5398:
5389:
5382:
5375:
5368:
5361:
5354:
5347:
5345:Dakar Conference
5340:
5333:
5326:
5319:
5312:
5305:
5298:
5291:
5284:
5275:
5268:
5266:Israeli alliance
5261:
5254:
5247:
5236:
5229:
5222:
5220:Sporting boycott
5215:
5208:
5201:
5194:
5192:Academic boycott
5187:
5180:
5173:
5166:
5159:
5152:
5145:
5136:
5129:
5122:
5115:
5108:
5099:
5092:
5085:
5065:
5058:
5051:
5049:Great Depression
5044:
5037:
5035:Maritz rebellion
5030:
5010:
4998:
4991:
4984:
4977:
4970:
4963:
4956:
4949:
4929:
4922:
4915:
4908:
4901:
4894:
4887:
4885:Dutch settlement
4867:
4860:
4858:Bantu migrations
4845:
4844:
4833:
4825:
4817:
4809:
4801:
4793:
4790:Transvaal Colony
4785:
4777:
4769:
4761:
4758:Nieuwe Republiek
4753:
4745:
4737:
4729:
4721:
4713:
4705:
4697:
4694:Natalia Republic
4689:
4681:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4663:Ndwandwe Kingdom
4658:
4656:
4653:
4643:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4626:
4623:
4592:
4585:
4578:
4569:
4568:
4555:
4554:
4491:Land occupations
4486:Labour brokering
4418:Molotov Cocktail
4321:
4320:
4182:Reclaim the City
4130:Social movements
4061:Earthlife Africa
3960:Environmentalism
3925:
3924:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3812:
3811:
3801:
3796:
3795:
3769:
3699:
3670:ANC Youth League
3577:
3379:Deputy President
3281:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3266:
3257:
3250:
3243:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3226:Official website
3211:
3210:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3029:
3023:
3022:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2596:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2431:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2390:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2359:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2330:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2307:. 30 August 2003
2297:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2271:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2242:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2223:. 29 August 2003
2213:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2137:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2122:on 14 July 2014.
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2047:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2017:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1868:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1813:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1782:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1753:
1742:
1741:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1661:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1625:
1616:
1615:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1562:
1552:
1529:
1528:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1318:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1013:
1002:
1001:
973:
936:
935:
899:
893:
892:
852:
825:Albertina Sisulu
658:Albertina Sisulu
652:Deputy president
350:Albertina Sisulu
135:
132:
130:
128:
95:
93:
75:
50:
32:
31:
21:
6692:
6691:
6687:
6686:
6685:
6683:
6682:
6681:
6647:
6646:
6645:
6640:
6624:
6617:
6610:
6603:
6596:
6586:
6579:
6572:
6565:
6558:
6551:
6544:
6537:
6530:
6523:
6516:
6509:
6502:
6496:
6489:
6482:
6475:
6468:
6461:
6454:
6447:
6440:
6433:
6426:
6419:
6412:
6405:
6398:
6391:
6384:
6377:
6370:
6363:
6356:
6349:
6342:
6335:
6329:
6322:
6315:
6308:
6301:
6294:
6287:
6280:
6273:
6266:
6259:
6252:
6245:
6238:
6231:
6224:
6217:
6210:
6203:
6196:
6189:
6182:
6175:
6168:
6161:
6154:
6147:
6140:
6133:
6126:
6119:
6112:
6105:
6098:
6091:
6084:
6077:
6070:
6063:
6056:
6049:
6042:
6035:
6028:
6021:
6014:
6007:
6002:HNP (Herstigte)
6000:
5995:HNP (Herenigde)
5993:
5986:
5979:
5972:
5965:
5958:
5951:
5944:
5937:
5930:
5923:
5916:
5909:
5902:
5895:
5888:
5881:
5874:
5867:
5860:
5853:
5846:
5839:
5832:
5825:
5818:
5813:Afrikaner Party
5811:
5804:
5797:
5790:
5781:
5775:
5766:
5757:
5748:
5741:
5732:
5727:Honorary whites
5725:
5718:
5711:
5704:
5697:
5688:
5679:
5672:
5665:
5658:
5651:
5644:
5629:
5619:
5612:
5605:
5598:
5591:
5584:
5577:
5570:
5563:
5556:
5549:
5542:
5535:
5528:
5521:
5514:
5507:
5500:
5493:
5488:Soweto bombings
5486:
5479:
5472:
5465:
5458:
5451:
5444:
5436:
5429:
5422:
5415:
5408:
5401:
5394:
5385:
5378:
5371:
5364:
5357:
5350:
5343:
5336:
5329:
5322:
5315:
5308:
5301:
5294:
5289:Soweto Uprising
5287:
5280:
5271:
5264:
5257:
5250:
5243:
5232:
5225:
5218:
5213:Tar Baby Option
5211:
5204:
5197:
5190:
5183:
5176:
5169:
5162:
5155:
5148:
5141:
5134:Freedom Charter
5132:
5125:
5118:
5111:
5104:
5095:
5088:
5081:
5068:
5061:
5054:
5047:
5040:
5033:
5026:
5013:
5001:
4994:
4987:
4980:
4973:
4966:
4959:
4952:
4945:
4932:
4925:
4918:
4911:
4904:
4897:
4890:
4883:
4870:
4863:
4856:
4836:
4828:
4820:
4812:
4804:
4796:
4788:
4780:
4772:
4764:
4756:
4748:
4740:
4734:Griqualand West
4732:
4726:Griqualand East
4724:
4716:
4708:
4700:
4692:
4684:
4676:
4669:
4661:
4654:
4646:
4638:
4631:
4624:
4616:
4602:
4596:
4566:
4561:
4545:
4526:Sexual violence
4446:Corrective rape
4430:
4367:
4361:
4319:
4299:Ungovernability
4254:Freedom Charter
4218:
4201:
4144:Equal Education
4128:
4115:
4024:
4016:
3999:
3919:
3912:
3900:
3844:
3839:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3786:
3767:
3761:
3717:Freedom Charter
3697:
3691:
3638:
3575:
3561:
3532:Cyril Ramaphosa
3496:Elijah Mdolomba
3451:
3434:Cyril Ramaphosa
3386:Walter Rubusana
3374:
3369:Cyril Ramaphosa
3297:Sefako Makgatho
3268:
3264:
3261:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3215:
3214:
3171:
3167:
3124:
3120:
3077:
3073:
3030:
3026:
2983:
2979:
2936:
2932:
2889:
2885:
2862:10.2307/4065639
2846:
2842:
2799:
2795:
2752:
2748:
2738:
2736:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2713:
2711:
2710:. 8 August 2015
2702:
2701:
2697:
2687:
2685:
2684:. 8 August 2015
2676:
2675:
2671:
2661:
2659:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2635:
2633:
2623:
2619:
2609:
2607:
2597:
2584:
2574:
2572:
2562:
2558:
2548:
2546:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2522:
2520:
2519:. 12 April 2022
2511:
2510:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2484:
2480:
2470:
2468:
2467:. 23 April 2015
2459:
2458:
2454:
2444:
2442:
2441:. 8 August 2015
2433:
2432:
2413:
2403:
2401:
2392:
2391:
2382:
2372:
2370:
2361:
2360:
2353:
2343:
2341:
2332:
2331:
2320:
2310:
2308:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2284:
2282:
2272:
2265:
2255:
2253:
2243:
2236:
2226:
2224:
2215:
2214:
2207:
2197:
2195:
2194:. 26 April 2003
2186:
2185:
2181:
2171:
2169:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2140:The Independent
2132:
2131:
2127:
2104:
2100:
2090:
2088:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2060:
2058:
2049:
2048:
2039:
2029:
2027:
2020:The Independent
2012:
2011:
2007:
1997:
1995:
1977:
1973:
1963:
1961:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1933:
1931:
1921:
1917:
1907:
1905:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1881:
1879:
1878:. 17 April 2018
1870:
1869:
1862:
1852:
1850:
1847:The Independent
1841:
1840:
1836:
1826:
1824:
1815:
1814:
1805:
1795:
1793:
1784:
1783:
1776:
1766:
1764:
1755:
1754:
1745:
1714:
1710:
1700:
1698:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1674:
1672:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1645:
1643:
1627:
1626:
1619:
1576:
1572:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1532:
1489:
1485:
1475:
1473:
1463:
1459:
1449:
1447:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1391:
1387:
1344:
1340:
1330:
1328:
1320:
1319:
1312:
1302:
1300:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1277:
1275:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1239:10.2307/4065639
1223:
1219:
1209:
1207:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1184:
1182:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1126:
1122:
1099:10.2307/4065639
1083:
1079:
1056:10.2307/4065639
1040:
1036:
1026:
1024:
1014:
1005:
990:
974:
939:
916:10.2307/4065639
900:
896:
853:
846:
841:
737:
735:Notable persons
728:Nokuthula Nqaba
694:
654:
633:Angie Motshekga
602:
594:
592:List of leaders
585:
568:
563:
550:step-aside rule
515:
507:Hlengiwe Mkhize
499:Angie Motshekga
495:
455:
385:
330:the anniversary
322:
317:
281:
249:Freedom Charter
238:Madie Hall-Xuma
233:
228:
186:
125:
112:
108:
107:54 Sauer Street
106:
91:
89:
79:Nokuthula Nqaba
73:
41:
40:
38:
30:
29:Political party
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6690:
6680:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6642:
6641:
6629:
6626:
6625:
6623:
6622:
6615:
6608:
6600:
6598:
6592:
6591:
6588:
6587:
6585:
6584:
6577:
6570:
6563:
6560:Ossewabrandwag
6556:
6549:
6542:
6535:
6528:
6521:
6514:
6506:
6504:
6498:
6497:
6495:
6494:
6487:
6480:
6473:
6466:
6459:
6452:
6445:
6438:
6431:
6424:
6417:
6410:
6403:
6396:
6389:
6382:
6375:
6368:
6361:
6354:
6347:
6339:
6337:
6331:
6330:
6328:
6327:
6320:
6313:
6306:
6303:Unionist Party
6299:
6292:
6285:
6282:Torch Commando
6278:
6271:
6264:
6257:
6250:
6243:
6236:
6229:
6222:
6215:
6208:
6201:
6194:
6187:
6180:
6173:
6166:
6159:
6156:Orde Boerevolk
6152:
6145:
6138:
6131:
6124:
6117:
6110:
6103:
6096:
6089:
6082:
6075:
6068:
6061:
6054:
6047:
6040:
6033:
6026:
6019:
6012:
6005:
5998:
5991:
5984:
5977:
5970:
5963:
5956:
5949:
5942:
5935:
5932:DP (1989–2000)
5928:
5925:DP (1973–1977)
5921:
5918:Dominion Party
5914:
5907:
5900:
5893:
5886:
5879:
5872:
5865:
5858:
5851:
5844:
5837:
5830:
5823:
5816:
5809:
5802:
5799:Afrikaner Bond
5794:
5792:
5783:
5777:
5776:
5774:
5773:
5764:
5755:
5746:
5739:
5730:
5723:
5716:
5713:Day of the Vow
5709:
5702:
5695:
5686:
5677:
5670:
5663:
5656:
5649:
5641:
5639:
5635:
5634:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5627:
5617:
5610:
5603:
5596:
5589:
5582:
5575:
5568:
5561:
5554:
5547:
5540:
5533:
5526:
5519:
5512:
5505:
5498:
5491:
5484:
5481:Floor crossing
5477:
5470:
5463:
5456:
5449:
5441:
5439:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5427:
5420:
5413:
5406:
5399:
5396:Bisho massacre
5392:
5391:
5390:
5376:
5369:
5362:
5355:
5348:
5341:
5338:Operation Vula
5334:
5331:Rubicon speech
5327:
5324:Langa massacre
5320:
5313:
5306:
5299:
5292:
5285:
5278:
5277:
5276:
5262:
5255:
5248:
5241:
5240:
5239:
5238:
5237:
5230:
5216:
5209:
5202:
5195:
5188:
5181:
5167:
5160:
5153:
5146:
5139:
5138:
5137:
5123:
5116:
5109:
5102:
5101:
5100:
5086:
5078:
5076:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5059:
5052:
5045:
5042:Rand Rebellion
5038:
5031:
5023:
5021:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5011:
4999:
4992:
4985:
4978:
4971:
4968:Boer Republics
4964:
4957:
4950:
4942:
4940:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4930:
4923:
4916:
4909:
4902:
4895:
4888:
4880:
4878:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4868:
4861:
4853:
4851:
4842:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4834:
4826:
4818:
4814:Bophuthatswana
4810:
4802:
4794:
4786:
4778:
4774:Klein Vrystaat
4770:
4762:
4754:
4746:
4738:
4730:
4722:
4714:
4706:
4698:
4690:
4682:
4674:
4659:
4644:
4636:
4613:
4611:
4604:
4603:
4595:
4594:
4587:
4580:
4572:
4563:
4562:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4421:
4414:
4407:
4400:
4393:
4386:
4379:
4371:
4369:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4347:
4342:
4335:
4327:
4325:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4311:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4274:Tenderpreneurs
4271:
4266:
4264:Rainbow nation
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4224:
4220:
4219:
4211:
4209:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4157:
4151:
4146:
4134:
4132:
4121:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4107:
4102:
4096:
4090:
4084:
4078:
4073:
4071:Khanya College
4068:
4063:
4058:
4052:
4046:
4040:
4035:
4029:
4027:
4018:
4017:
4009:
4007:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3985:Pan-Africanism
3982:
3980:Libertarianism
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3931:
3929:
3922:
3914:
3913:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3845:
3838:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3815:
3806:
3805:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3773:
3771:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3752:Bisho massacre
3749:
3747:Operation Vula
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3703:
3701:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3630:
3624:
3618:
3612:
3606:
3600:
3594:
3588:
3581:
3579:
3571:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3558:(2022–present)
3556:Fikile Mbalula
3553:
3547:
3544:Gwede Mantashe
3541:
3535:
3529:
3523:
3517:
3511:
3505:
3499:
3493:
3487:
3484:TD Mweli Skota
3481:
3478:
3472:
3466:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3448:(2022–present)
3446:Paul Mashatile
3443:
3437:
3431:
3425:
3419:
3413:
3407:
3404:Nelson Mandela
3401:
3395:
3392:Nelson Mandela
3389:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3371:(2017–present)
3366:
3360:
3354:
3351:Nelson Mandela
3348:
3342:
3339:Albert Luthuli
3336:
3330:
3324:
3318:
3312:
3306:
3300:
3294:
3287:
3285:
3278:
3270:
3269:
3260:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3219:
3218:External links
3216:
3213:
3212:
3185:(2): 323–340.
3165:
3138:(2): 323–340.
3118:
3091:(2): 323–340.
3071:
3044:(2): 323–340.
3024:
2997:(2): 323–340.
2977:
2930:
2903:(2): 323–340.
2883:
2840:
2813:(2): 323–340.
2793:
2766:(2): 323–340.
2746:
2721:
2695:
2669:
2643:
2617:
2582:
2556:
2530:
2504:
2478:
2452:
2411:
2380:
2351:
2318:
2292:
2263:
2234:
2205:
2179:
2157:
2125:
2098:
2068:
2037:
2005:
1971:
1941:
1915:
1889:
1860:
1834:
1803:
1774:
1743:
1708:
1682:
1653:
1617:
1590:(2): 323–340.
1570:
1530:
1503:(2): 323–340.
1483:
1457:
1432:
1405:(2): 323–340.
1385:
1358:(2): 323–340.
1338:
1310:
1285:
1260:
1217:
1192:
1167:
1140:(2): 323–340.
1120:
1077:
1034:
1003:
988:
937:
894:
867:(3): 464–478.
843:
842:
840:
837:
833:
832:
830:Dorothy Nyembe
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
766:
761:
736:
733:
732:
731:
730:(2023–present)
725:
719:
716:Sisisi Tolashe
713:
707:
701:
693:
690:
689:
688:
687:(2023–present)
682:
676:
673:
667:
661:
653:
650:
649:
648:
647:(2023–present)
645:Sisisi Tolashe
642:
636:
630:
624:
623:(acting, 2003)
618:
612:
609:Gertrude Shope
601:
598:
593:
590:
584:
581:
567:
564:
562:
559:
514:
511:
503:Sisisi Tolashe
494:
491:
462:president and
454:
451:
435:Nelson Mandela
397:Adelaide Tambo
384:
381:
342:Gertrude Shope
332:of the famous
321:
318:
316:
313:
305:Gertrude Shope
297:Lusaka, Zambia
289:National Party
280:
277:
258:August 9, 1956
232:
229:
227:
224:
185:
182:
137:
136:
122:
121:
117:
116:
101:
97:
96:
86:
82:
81:
76:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
43:
42:
39:Women's League
36:
35:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6689:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6654:
6652:
6639:
6638:
6627:
6620:
6616:
6613:
6609:
6606:
6602:
6601:
6599:
6593:
6582:
6578:
6575:
6571:
6568:
6564:
6561:
6557:
6554:
6550:
6547:
6543:
6540:
6536:
6533:
6529:
6526:
6522:
6519:
6515:
6512:
6508:
6507:
6505:
6499:
6492:
6488:
6485:
6481:
6478:
6477:Die Spoorbund
6474:
6471:
6467:
6464:
6460:
6457:
6453:
6450:
6446:
6443:
6439:
6436:
6432:
6429:
6425:
6422:
6418:
6415:
6411:
6408:
6404:
6401:
6397:
6394:
6390:
6387:
6383:
6380:
6376:
6373:
6369:
6366:
6362:
6359:
6355:
6352:
6348:
6345:
6341:
6340:
6338:
6332:
6325:
6321:
6318:
6317:Workers Party
6314:
6311:
6307:
6304:
6300:
6297:
6293:
6290:
6286:
6283:
6279:
6276:
6272:
6269:
6265:
6262:
6258:
6255:
6251:
6248:
6244:
6241:
6237:
6234:
6230:
6227:
6223:
6220:
6216:
6213:
6209:
6206:
6202:
6199:
6198:Radio Freedom
6195:
6192:
6188:
6185:
6181:
6178:
6174:
6171:
6167:
6164:
6160:
6157:
6153:
6150:
6149:Oranjewerkers
6146:
6143:
6139:
6136:
6132:
6129:
6125:
6122:
6118:
6115:
6111:
6108:
6104:
6101:
6097:
6094:
6090:
6087:
6083:
6080:
6076:
6073:
6069:
6066:
6062:
6059:
6055:
6052:
6048:
6045:
6041:
6038:
6034:
6031:
6027:
6024:
6020:
6017:
6013:
6010:
6006:
6003:
5999:
5996:
5992:
5989:
5985:
5982:
5978:
5975:
5971:
5968:
5964:
5961:
5957:
5954:
5950:
5947:
5943:
5940:
5936:
5933:
5929:
5926:
5922:
5919:
5915:
5912:
5908:
5905:
5901:
5898:
5894:
5891:
5887:
5884:
5880:
5877:
5873:
5870:
5866:
5863:
5859:
5856:
5852:
5849:
5845:
5842:
5838:
5835:
5831:
5828:
5824:
5821:
5817:
5814:
5810:
5807:
5803:
5800:
5796:
5795:
5793:
5791:organisations
5787:
5784:
5782:organisations
5778:
5771:
5770:
5765:
5762:
5761:
5756:
5753:
5752:
5747:
5744:
5740:
5737:
5736:
5731:
5728:
5724:
5721:
5717:
5714:
5710:
5707:
5703:
5700:
5696:
5693:
5692:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5678:
5675:
5671:
5668:
5664:
5661:
5657:
5654:
5650:
5647:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5636:
5625:
5623:
5618:
5615:
5611:
5608:
5604:
5601:
5597:
5594:
5590:
5587:
5583:
5580:
5579:Tshwane riots
5576:
5573:
5569:
5566:
5562:
5559:
5555:
5552:
5548:
5545:
5541:
5538:
5534:
5531:
5527:
5524:
5520:
5517:
5513:
5510:
5506:
5503:
5499:
5496:
5492:
5489:
5485:
5482:
5478:
5475:
5471:
5468:
5464:
5461:
5457:
5454:
5450:
5447:
5443:
5442:
5440:
5438:
5432:
5425:
5421:
5418:
5414:
5411:
5407:
5404:
5400:
5397:
5393:
5388:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5377:
5374:
5370:
5367:
5363:
5360:
5356:
5353:
5349:
5346:
5342:
5339:
5335:
5332:
5328:
5325:
5321:
5318:
5314:
5311:
5307:
5304:
5303:Project Coast
5300:
5297:
5293:
5290:
5286:
5283:
5282:Mafeje affair
5279:
5274:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5263:
5260:
5256:
5253:
5252:Durban Moment
5249:
5246:
5245:Rivonia Trial
5242:
5235:
5231:
5228:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5217:
5214:
5210:
5207:
5203:
5200:
5199:Disinvestment
5196:
5193:
5189:
5186:
5182:
5179:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5168:
5165:
5161:
5158:
5154:
5151:
5147:
5144:
5140:
5135:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5124:
5121:
5117:
5114:
5110:
5107:
5103:
5098:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5087:
5084:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5075:
5071:
5064:
5060:
5057:
5053:
5050:
5046:
5043:
5039:
5036:
5032:
5029:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5020:
5016:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4997:
4993:
4990:
4986:
4983:
4979:
4976:
4972:
4969:
4965:
4962:
4958:
4955:
4954:1820 Settlers
4951:
4948:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4939:
4935:
4928:
4924:
4921:
4917:
4914:
4910:
4907:
4903:
4900:
4896:
4893:
4889:
4886:
4882:
4881:
4879:
4877:
4873:
4866:
4862:
4859:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4850:
4846:
4843:
4839:
4831:
4827:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4664:
4660:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4637:
4619:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4605:
4601:
4593:
4588:
4586:
4581:
4579:
4574:
4573:
4570:
4560:
4559:
4548:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4437:
4427:
4426:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4415:
4413:
4412:
4408:
4406:
4405:
4401:
4399:
4398:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4364:
4358:
4355:
4352:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4289:UnFreedom Day
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4216:
4210:
4208:
4204:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4158:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4133:
4131:
4126:
4122:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4100:
4097:
4094:
4091:
4088:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4076:Koeberg Alert
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4053:
4050:
4047:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4038:Afrikanerbond
4036:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4025:organisations
4019:
4015:
4014:
4008:
4006:
4002:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3990:Non-racialism
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3915:
3907:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3891:Northern Cape
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3871:KwaZulu-Natal
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3836:
3831:
3829:
3824:
3822:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3803:
3802:
3789:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3764:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3737:Radio Freedom
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3722:Rivonia Trial
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3683:
3681:
3680:Luthuli House
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3572:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3550:Ace Magashule
3548:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3508:Walter Sisulu
3506:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3410:Walter Sisulu
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3258:
3253:
3251:
3246:
3244:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3227:
3222:
3221:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3169:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3122:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3075:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3028:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2981:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2950:(4): 84–108.
2949:
2945:
2941:
2934:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2887:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2844:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2797:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2750:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2709:
2705:
2699:
2683:
2679:
2673:
2658:. 6 July 2008
2657:
2653:
2647:
2632:
2628:
2621:
2606:
2602:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2571:
2567:
2560:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2400:. 6 July 2008
2399:
2395:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2356:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2281:
2277:
2270:
2268:
2252:
2248:
2241:
2239:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2193:
2189:
2183:
2167:
2161:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2129:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2102:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2009:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1945:
1930:
1926:
1919:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1865:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1779:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1724:(11): 15–18.
1723:
1719:
1712:
1697:. 4 July 2008
1696:
1692:
1686:
1670:
1666:
1660:
1658:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1622:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1574:
1566:
1559:
1558:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1487:
1472:
1468:
1461:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1342:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1315:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
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6595:Histories of
6296:United Party
6205:Reform Party
6142:Orangia Unie
5767:
5758:
5751:Swart gevaar
5749:
5733:
5689:
5680:
5621:
5523:Blikkiesdorp
4849:Pre-colonial
4702:Natal Colony
4686:Zulu Kingdom
4600:South Africa
4556:
4476:Gupta family
4471:Farm attacks
4423:
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4135:
4125:Trade unions
4051:(CONTRALESA)
4010:
3896:Western Cape
3856:Eastern Cape
3797:
3684:
3664:
3514:Oliver Tambo
3502:James Calata
3490:E. J. Khaile
3469:Selope Thema
3440:David Mabuza
3398:Oliver Tambo
3345:Oliver Tambo
3333:James Moroka
3182:
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2856:(8): 77–93.
2853:
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2749:
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2733:
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2707:
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2682:Sunday Times
2681:
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2019:
2008:
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1272:
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1233:(8): 77–93.
1230:
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1179:
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1133:
1123:
1093:(8): 77–93.
1090:
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1050:(8): 77–93.
1047:
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1021:
978:
910:(8): 77–93.
907:
897:
864:
860:
834:
800:Ruth Mompati
780:Rahima Moosa
764:Helen Joseph
749:
741:Lilian Ngoyi
738:
698:Baleka Mbete
603:
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427:Lindiwe Zulu
411:Ruth Mompati
404:
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362:
354:Baleka Mbete
340:and elected
323:
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171:
163:
155:South Africa
146:
142:
140:
127:womensleague
110:Johannesburg
100:Headquarters
67:Sisi Tolashe
55:Abbreviation
26:
5735:Rooi gevaar
5614:2021 unrest
5544:Nkandlagate
5373:Third Force
5234:Rugby union
4832:(1981–1994)
4824:(1979–1994)
4816:(1977–1994)
4808:(1976–1994)
4800:(1910–1961)
4792:(1902–1910)
4784:(1902–1910)
4776:(1886–1891)
4768:(1885–1887)
4760:(1884–1888)
4752:(1882–1885)
4744:(1882–1883)
4736:(1870–1873)
4728:(1861–1879)
4720:(1856–1902)
4712:(1854–1902)
4704:(1843–1910)
4696:(1839–1843)
4688:(1816–1897)
4680:(1795–1910)
4678:Cape Colony
4670: 1780
4655: 1780
4642:(1652–1806)
4632: 1220
4625: 1075
4541:Third Force
4531:Shack fires
4368:periodicals
3849:By province
3552:(2017–2022)
3546:(2007–2017)
3540:(1997–2007)
3534:(1991–1997)
3528:(1969–1991)
3522:(1958–1969)
3516:(1955–1958)
3510:(1949–1955)
3504:(1936–1949)
3498:(1930–1936)
3492:(1927–1930)
3486:(1923–1927)
3477:(1917–1919)
3471:(1915–1917)
3465:(1912–1915)
3463:Sol Plaatje
3442:(2017–2022)
3436:(2012–2017)
3430:(2007–2012)
3424:(1997–2007)
3418:(1994–1997)
3416:Thabo Mbeki
3412:(1991–1994)
3406:(1985–1991)
3400:(1958–1985)
3394:(1952–1958)
3388:(1912–1936)
3365:(2007–2017)
3359:(1997–2007)
3357:Thabo Mbeki
3353:(1991–1997)
3347:(1967–1991)
3341:(1952–1967)
3335:(1949–1952)
3329:(1940–1949)
3323:(1937–1940)
3317:(1930–1936)
3311:(1927–1930)
3305:(1924–1927)
3299:(1917–1924)
3293:(1912–1917)
2739:27 November
2714:27 November
2688:27 November
2662:27 November
2636:27 November
2575:27 November
2570:The Citizen
2549:27 November
2523:27 November
2471:27 November
2445:27 November
2404:27 November
2373:27 November
2344:27 November
2311:27 November
2285:27 November
2256:27 November
2227:27 November
2198:27 November
2172:27 November
2150:10 December
2091:10 December
2061:27 November
2030:10 December
1998:10 December
1964:10 December
1934:27 November
1908:27 November
1882:27 November
1853:27 November
1827:27 November
1796:27 November
1767:27 November
1701:27 November
1675:27 November
1646:27 November
1027:27 November
795:Ida Mntwana
724:(2015–2022)
718:(2008–2015)
712:(1998–2008)
706:(1993–1995)
700:(1991–1993)
681:(2015–2022)
672:(2003–2008)
666:(1993–2003)
660:(1991–1993)
641:(2015–2022)
635:(2008–2015)
629:(2003–2008)
617:(1993–2003)
611:(1991–1993)
561:Controversy
531:Edna Molewa
431:Thabo Mbeki
285:Sharpeville
215:capitalists
207:patriarchal
6651:Categories
6546:Greyshirts
6310:Volksparty
5848:Black Sash
5509:Xenophobia
5502:Travelgate
5259:Border War
5063:Bantustans
4961:Great Trek
4906:Xhosa Wars
4766:Upingtonia
4750:Stellaland
4304:Xenophobia
4244:Corruption
3995:Trotskyism
3975:Liberalism
3965:Federalism
3928:Ideologies
3886:North West
3881:Mpumalanga
3861:Free State
3520:Duma Nokwe
3475:Saul Msane
3422:Jacob Zuma
3363:Jacob Zuma
839:References
576:Jacob Zuma
479:Jacob Zuma
375:to insert
5769:Volkstaat
5760:Uitlander
5691:Boerehaat
5667:Anarchism
5474:Arms Deal
5437:apartheid
5097:Pass laws
5074:Apartheid
5019:1910–1948
4938:1815–1910
4876:1652–1815
4536:Terrorism
4466:e-tolling
4461:Elections
4390:ANC Today
4366:Books and
4279:Toyi-toyi
4066:Keep Left
4033:AfriForum
4023:political
3945:Anarchism
3920:movements
3918:Political
3686:ANC Today
3284:President
3207:155641665
3199:0305-7070
3160:155641665
3152:0305-7070
3113:155641665
3105:0305-7070
3066:155641665
3058:0305-7070
3019:155641665
3011:0305-7070
2972:150069948
2964:1527-2036
2925:155641665
2917:0305-7070
2870:1013-0950
2835:155641665
2827:0305-7070
2788:155641665
2780:0305-7070
1993:0362-4331
1730:1013-0950
1641:0882-7729
1612:155641665
1604:0305-7070
1525:155641665
1517:0305-7070
1427:155641665
1419:0305-7070
1380:155641665
1372:0305-7070
1247:1013-0950
1162:155641665
1154:0305-7070
1107:1013-0950
1064:1013-0950
998:229432968
924:1013-0950
889:151917818
881:0258-2473
810:Madi Gray
752:apartheid
739:In 1956,
600:President
566:Criticism
338:Kimberley
63:President
6637:Category
6539:Boeremag
6037:Jeugkrag
5988:Het Volk
5682:Baasskap
5624:incident
5227:Olympics
4806:Transkei
4609:polities
4607:Defunct
4558:Category
4521:Protests
4481:HIV/AIDS
4269:Renaming
4156:(PASSOP)
3970:Feminism
3950:Anti-war
3800:Category
3585:Morogoro
2610:29 March
2144:Archived
2085:Archived
2024:Archived
1958:Archived
519:Pretoria
6442:SAAPAWU
5780:Defunct
5743:Slavery
4947:Mfecane
4501:Lindela
4383:Amandla
4324:Slogans
4101:(SASCO)
4095:(SALSA)
4089:(PAGAD)
4057:(COSAS)
3876:Limpopo
3866:Gauteng
3698:History
3277:Leaders
2878:4065639
1821:AP News
1738:4547966
1695:Sowetan
1255:4065639
1115:4065639
1072:4065639
1022:Sowetan
932:4065639
546:perjury
369:plenary
363:At the
226:History
120:Website
114:Gauteng
90: (
85:Founded
6393:FOSATU
6247:SAYRCO
6219:SADECO
6135:Occupy
5674:Azania
5622:Lady R
5551:Racism
5380:CODESA
4841:Events
4830:Ciskei
4742:Goshen
4672:–1819)
4657:–1817)
4284:Ubuntu
4239:Azania
4112:(ZACF)
4083:(LGEP)
4021:Other
3635:(2022)
3629:(2017)
3623:(2012)
3617:(2007)
3611:(2002)
3605:(1997)
3599:(1994)
3593:(1991)
3587:(1969)
3205:
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2656:News24
2605:News24
2497:12 May
2492:News24
2439:News24
1991:
1790:SFGate
1736:
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1639:
1610:
1602:
1523:
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1450:11 May
1425:
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1185:12 May
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481:. The
425:, and
326:Durban
6574:PAGAD
6470:SATUC
6463:SARHU
6449:SACTU
6428:NURHS
6386:FNETU
6372:CTSWU
6365:CNETU
6358:BLATU
6240:SAYCO
6128:NUSAS
6009:IDASA
5820:AITUP
5435:Post-
4822:Venda
4451:Crime
4439:Other
4045:(AWB)
3203:S2CID
3156:S2CID
3109:S2CID
3062:S2CID
3015:S2CID
2968:S2CID
2921:S2CID
2874:JSTOR
2831:S2CID
2784:S2CID
1734:JSTOR
1608:S2CID
1561:(PDF)
1521:S2CID
1476:2 May
1423:S2CID
1376:S2CID
1251:JSTOR
1158:S2CID
1111:JSTOR
1068:JSTOR
928:JSTOR
885:S2CID
447:fraud
147:ANCWL
58:ANCWL
6581:SANF
6511:APLA
6456:SAIF
6435:PAWE
6421:NEUM
6414:MUSA
6379:FCWU
6324:WOSA
6275:TNIP
6233:SASO
6226:SAIC
6212:SABP
6163:PAVN
5897:COSG
5876:CTEG
5869:CNIP
4397:Biko
4213:see
4136:see
4011:see
3633:55th
3627:54th
3621:53rd
3615:52nd
3609:51st
3603:50th
3597:49th
3591:48th
3195:ISSN
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2776:ISSN
2741:2022
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2708:eNCA
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2473:2022
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2406:2022
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2313:2022
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2258:2022
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2200:2022
2174:2022
2152:2021
2093:2021
2081:SAPA
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2032:2021
2000:2021
1989:ISSN
1966:2021
1954:SAPA
1936:2022
1910:2022
1884:2022
1855:2022
1829:2022
1798:2022
1769:2022
1726:ISSN
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1600:ISSN
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1478:2019
1452:2022
1415:ISSN
1368:ISSN
1333:2022
1305:2022
1280:2022
1243:ISSN
1212:2022
1187:2022
1150:ISSN
1103:ISSN
1060:ISSN
1029:2022
994:OCLC
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920:ISSN
877:ISSN
303:and
141:The
131:.org
129:.anc
92:1948
88:1948
6532:BBB
6525:AWB
6518:ARM
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6407:IWW
6400:ICU
6351:BCM
6344:APF
6289:UFP
6191:PRP
6170:PFP
6121:NRP
6114:NPP
6100:NNP
6093:NLP
6079:NCP
6030:ISL
5981:GNP
5953:ECC
5946:DSM
5939:DPP
5911:DLF
5883:COD
5862:CDA
5841:BPC
5834:AVF
5827:APO
4207:Law
4127:and
3187:doi
3140:doi
3093:doi
3046:doi
2999:doi
2952:doi
2905:doi
2858:doi
2815:doi
2768:doi
2631:EWN
2398:IOL
2280:IOL
2251:IOL
1929:EWN
1669:IOL
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1505:doi
1407:doi
1360:doi
1235:doi
1142:doi
1095:doi
1052:doi
912:doi
869:doi
153:of
133:.za
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6553:MK
6107:NP
6072:NA
6023:IP
6016:ID
5967:FD
5960:FA
5904:CP
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4629:c.
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