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9th Dalai Lama

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885: 353:, who reached Lhasa in 1812, described his meeting with the 9th Dalai Lama, who was seven years old at the time, in rhapsodic terms. 'The lama's beautiful and interesting face engrossed all my attention,' Manning wrote. 'He had the simple, unaffected manners of a well-educated princely child. His face was, I thought, affectingly beautiful. He was of a gay and cheerful disposition. I was extremely affected by this interview with the lama. I could have wept through strangeness of sensation.'" 329: 3584: 3595: 755: 993: 980: 33: 970: 311:
Under auspicious signs, Lungtok Gyatso was born near the monastery of Dan Chokhor (or Denchokor), on 1 December 1805. Many sources render him as an orphan, but others name his parents as Tendzin Chokyong and Dondrub Dolma. A contestant to be the next Dalai Lama since early infancy, the boy was
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Palace on the Golden Throne of the Ganden Po-drang Government. This same year the elderly Regent, Ta-task Nga-wang Gon-po died and the De-mo Tul-ku Nga-wang Lo-zang Tub-ten Jig-me Gya-tso (d. 1819) was appointed to replace him.
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The Seventh Panchen Lama gave the boy the vows of novice monk in Lhasa in 1812, on 22 September. Lungtok Gyatso is said to have had a great interest in dharma and sharp intellect, memorizing lengthy prayer texts, root-texts of
398:"During the period of the short-lived Dalai Lamasā€”from the Ninth to the Twelfth incarnationsā€”the Panchen was the lama of the hour, filling the void left by the four Dalai Lamas who died in their youth." 390:
on 6 March 1815. "The entire nation was plunged into sorrow", which lasted until the recognition of the new reincarnation eight years later. His body was installed in a golden reliquary in the
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brought to Gungtang monastery near Lhasa, where he was examined by Tibetan officials, including the Qing representatives, the ambans. He was the favored choice of the
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Last picture of "Finding a Dalai Lama" representing, enthronement of 9th Dalai Lama by mongolian ambassador, Manjubazar (right to him), with
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Rinpoche, Khetsun Sangpo (1982). "Life and times of the Eighth to Twelfth Dalai Lamas".
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The Dance of 17 Lives: The Incredible True Story of Tibet's 17th Karmapa
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The nine-year-old Dalai Lama came down with a cold at the annual
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The Fourteen Dalai Lamas: A Sacred Legacy of Reincarnation
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(1970). 10: 3662: 3050:The unanswerable questions 531: 3578: 3530: 3445: 3360: 3135:Buddhist temples in Korea 3058: 2960: 2843: 2540: 2468: 2295: 2168: 2108: 1743: 1698:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism 1609: 1601:Three planes of existence 1549: 1394: 1286: 1216: 1208:Buddha in world religions 1070: 1015: 987: 892: 881: 763: 751: 700: 689: 681: 674: 647: 277: 273: 248: 234: 220: 215: 211: 205: 199: 194: 185: 181: 167: 162: 158: 154: 144: 134: 126: 121: 111:Tendzin Chokyong (father) 104: 94: 75: 52: 47: 39: 30: 23: 3641:Child monarchs from Asia 2917:Persecution of Buddhists 2138:Four stages of awakening 1519:Three marks of existence 1105:Physical characteristics 377: 2280:Ten principal disciples 1163:(aunt, adoptive mother) 569:Morris, Richard Brandon 498:Morris & Irwin 1970 439:. treasuryoflives.com. 2990:Buddhism and democracy 2503:Tibetan Buddhist canon 2498:Chinese Buddhist canon 1730:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 1725:Early Buddhist schools 759: 384:Monlam Prayer Festival 349:"The English explorer 337: 261:[luŋtokcatsŹ°É”] 114:Dondrub Dolma (mother) 3000:Eight Consciousnesses 1110:Life of Buddha in art 905:Gelug Yellow Hat sect 757: 437:The Treasury of Lives 331: 228:lung rtogs rgya mtsho 127:Period in office 3477:East Asian religions 2907:Buddhism in the West 2478:Early Buddhist texts 2093:Four Right Exertions 1559:Ten spiritual realms 1052:Noble Eightfold Path 3600:Religion portal 3347:Temple of the Tooth 3226:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi 2265:Upāsaka and Upāsikā 1758:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā 1541:Two truths doctrine 1361:Mahapajapati GotamÄ« 1161:Mahapajapati GotamÄ« 898:List of Dalai Lamas 698:Recognized in 1807 3522:Western philosophy 3120:Dzong architecture 2942:Vipassana movement 2937:Buddhist modernism 2365:Emperor Wen of Sui 2133:Pratyekabuddhayāna 2066:Threefold Training 1868:Vipassana movement 1584:Hungry Ghost realm 1404:Avidyā (Ignorance) 1351:Puį¹‡į¹‡a MantānÄ«putta 1100:Great Renunciation 1095:Eight Great Events 977:    760: 338: 324:Life as Dalai Lama 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2856: 2854: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2842: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2828:United States 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2740: 2739: 2736: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2723: 2722: 2719: 2715: 2712: 2711: 2710: 2707: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2694: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2655: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2637: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2539: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2527: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2510: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2467: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2385:Padmasambhava 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2297:Major figures 2294: 2288: 2285: 2281: 2278: 2277: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2244: 2243:Western tulku 2241: 2240: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2214: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2167: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2140: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2107: 2101: 2098: 2094: 2091: 2090: 2089: 2086: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2067: 2064: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2044:Five precepts 2042: 2041: 2040: 2037: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2022:Dhamma vicaya 2020: 2018: 2015: 2014: 2013: 2010: 2006: 2003: 2002: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1991: 1988: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1970: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1902: 1900: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1865: 1862: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1843: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1832: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1790:Buddhābhiį¹£eka 1788: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1765: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1750: 1748: 1746: 1742: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1690: 1689: 1686: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1674: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1652: 1649: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1626: 1625: 1622: 1621: 1620: 1617: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1608: 1602: 1599: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1566: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1556: 1554: 1552: 1548: 1542: 1539: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1521: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1434:Enlightenment 1432: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1424:Dhamma theory 1422: 1420: 1419:Buddha-nature 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1401: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1291: 1289: 1285: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1258:Samantabhadra 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1232: 1229: 1228: 1227: 1224: 1223: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1197: 1191: 1189: 1183: 1181: 1175: 1173: 1167: 1165: 1159: 1157: 1151: 1149: 1143: 1142: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1093: 1091: 1088: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1077: 1075: 1073: 1069: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1032: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1022: 1020: 1018: 1014: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 990: 989: 986: 981: 976: 971: 963: 958: 956: 951: 949: 944: 943: 940: 928: 923: 921: 919:Potala Palace 916: 914: 909: 907: 902: 900: 895: 894: 891: 886: 873: 870: 865: 862: 857: 854: 849: 846: 841: 838: 833: 830: 825: 822: 817: 814: 809: 806: 801: 798: 793: 790: 785: 782: 777: 776:Gendun Gyatso 774: 769: 766: 765: 756: 750: 746: 737: 732: 730: 725: 723: 718: 717: 714: 705: 694: 693: 686: 680: 677: 673: 668: 661: 656: 655: 646: 640:(1 & 2 ). 639: 635: 630: 626: 620: 616: 611: 610: 604: 600: 596: 590: 586: 582: 577: 576: 570: 566: 562: 556: 552: 547: 546: 540: 536: 535: 523: 518: 512:, p. 49. 511: 510:Rinpoche 1982 506: 500:, p. 86. 499: 494: 488:, p. 29. 487: 482: 476:, p. 28. 475: 470: 464:, p. 48. 463: 462:Rinpoche 1982 458: 442: 438: 434: 427: 425: 423: 421: 419: 417: 415: 413: 408: 397: 396: 395: 393: 392:Potala Palace 389: 386:. He died in 385: 375: 373: 369: 365: 361: 352: 348: 347: 346: 343: 335: 330: 321: 319: 315: 304: 302: 298: 297:Luntok Gyatso 294: 290: 286: 276: 272: 262: 256: 254: 251: 247: 242:Lungdog Gyaco 239: 237: 233: 225: 223: 219: 214: 210: 204: 202: 198: 193: 184: 180: 172: 170: 166: 161: 157: 153: 150: 147: 143: 140: 137: 133: 129: 125: 120: 113: 110: 109: 107: 103: 100: 97: 93: 88: 83:(aged 9) 78: 74: 69: 66:Dan Chokhor, 55: 51: 46: 42: 38: 34: 29: 22: 19: 3540:Bodhisattvas 3460:Christianity 3455:BahĆ”Ź¼Ć­ Faith 3320:Dharmachakra 3310:Prayer wheel 3300:Prayer beads 3068:Architecture 2947:969 Movement 2731:Saudi Arabia 2709:Central Asia 2702:South Africa 2524: 2507: 2440:Panchen Lama 2345:Buddhapālita 1941:Satipatthana 1936:Mindful Yoga 1849:Recollection 1763:Brahmavihara 1634:Japanese Zen 1629:Chinese Chan 1589:Animal realm 1396:Key concepts 1218:Bodhisattvas 1030:Three Jewels 831: 690: 669:6 March 1815 666: 659: 652: 637: 633: 608: 574: 544: 517: 505: 493: 481: 469: 457: 445:. Retrieved 436: 381: 372:Ganden Tripa 356: 339: 318:Panchen Lama 310: 296: 292: 288: 284: 282: 195:Tibetan name 163:Chinese name 81:(1815-03-06) 79:6 March 1815 18: 3631:Dalai Lamas 3626:1815 deaths 3621:1805 births 3385:Dharma talk 3214:Asalha Puja 3010:Eschatology 2813:Switzerland 2793:New Zealand 2721:Middle East 2630:Philippines 2550:Afghanistan 2355:Bodhidharma 2340:Buddhaghosa 2260:Householder 2170:Monasticism 2123:Bodhisattva 1978:Prostration 1931:Mindfulness 1859:Anapanasati 1842:Kammaį¹­į¹­hāna 1639:Korean Seon 1579:Asura realm 1574:Human realm 1514:Ten Fetters 1469:Parinirvana 1371:Uppalavanna 1336:Mahākaccana 1321:Mahākassapa 1253:Kį¹£itigarbha 1248:Ākāśagarbha 1145:Suddhodāna 1090:Four sights 1017:Foundations 926:Norbulingka 867:(1876ā€“1933) 859:(1857ā€“1875) 851:(1838ā€“1856) 843:(1816ā€“1837) 835:(1805ā€“1815) 827:(1758ā€“1804) 819:(1708ā€“1757) 811:(1683ā€“1706) 803:(1617ā€“1682) 795:(1589ā€“1617) 787:(1543ā€“1588) 779:(1475ā€“1542) 771:(1391ā€“1474) 768:Gendun Drup 744:Dalai Lamas 539:Brown, Mick 522:Mullin 2008 135:Predecessor 3615:Categories 3502:Psychology 3482:Gnosticism 3470:Comparison 3465:Influences 3447:Comparison 3330:Bhavacakra 3288:Kushinagar 3263:Pilgrimage 3209:Māgha PÅ«jā 3164:Bodhi Tree 2980:Buddhology 2970:Abhidharma 2962:Philosophy 2895:Menander I 2763:Costa Rica 2714:Uzbekistan 2555:Bangladesh 2509:Dhammapada 2493:Pali Canon 2455:Ajahn Chah 2435:Dalai Lama 2335:KumārajÄ«va 2330:Vasubandhu 2305:The Buddha 2213:Zen master 2148:Sakadagami 2128:Buddhahood 2059:Pratimokį¹£a 1874:Shikantaza 1830:Meditation 1805:Deity yoga 1676:Madhyamaka 1569:Deva realm 1464:Mindstream 1414:Bodhicitta 1326:Aį¹…gulimāla 1193:Devadatta 1169:Yaśodharā 1072:The Buddha 1062:Middle Way 692:Dalai Lama 654:Dalai Lama 551:Bloomsbury 549:. London: 486:Brown 2010 474:Brown 2010 403:References 364:Mādhyamaka 307:Early life 59:1805-12-01 3570:Festivals 3550:Buddhists 3512:Theosophy 3315:Symbolism 3305:Hama yumi 3278:Bodh Gaya 3045:Socialism 3020:Evolution 2995:Economics 2833:Venezuela 2748:Australia 2743:Argentina 2667:Sri Lanka 2662:Singapore 2580:Indonesia 2542:Countries 2483:Tripiį¹­aka 2445:Ajahn Mun 2320:Nagarjuna 2315:Aśvaghoį¹£a 2198:Anagārika 2193:Śrāmaį¹‡erÄ« 2188:Śrāmaį¹‡era 2183:BhikkhunÄ« 2143:Sotāpanna 2032:Passaddhi 1973:Offerings 1948:Nekkhamma 1825:Iddhipada 1745:Practices 1715:Theravada 1688:Vajrayana 1681:Yogachara 1651:Pure Land 1564:Six Paths 1551:Cosmology 1331:Anuruddha 1306:Sāriputta 1296:Kaundinya 1288:Disciples 1263:Vajrapāį¹‡i 1115:Footprint 1080:Tathāgata 808:Tsangyang 696:1810ā€“1815 145:Successor 130:1810ā€“1815 3588:Category 3517:Violence 3487:Hinduism 3435:Sanskrit 3390:Hinayana 3375:Amitābha 3335:Swastika 3204:Uposatha 3194:Holidays 3179:Calendar 3025:Humanism 2863:Kanishka 2853:Timeline 2677:Thailand 2645:Kalmykia 2640:Buryatia 2625:Pakistan 2610:Mongolia 2605:Maldives 2600:Malaysia 2565:Cambodia 2430:Shamarpa 2425:Nichiren 2375:Xuanzang 2310:Nagasena 2228:Rinpoche 1958:Pāramitā 1800:Devotion 1720:Navayana 1708:Dzogchen 1671:Nichiren 1619:Mahayana 1611:Branches 1489:Saį¹…khāra 1238:MaƱjuśrÄ« 1195:(cousin) 1187:(cousin) 1155:(mother) 1147:(father) 1135:Miracles 1085:Birthday 1002:Glossary 975:Buddhism 840:Tsultrim 615:Santa Fe 605:(2008). 581:Michigan 541:(2010). 447:10 March 441:Archived 95:Religion 48:Personal 3565:Temples 3545:Buddhas 3507:Science 3497:Judaism 3492:Jainism 3410:Lineage 3370:AbhijƱā 3340:Thangka 3283:Sarnath 3268:Lumbini 3189:Funeral 3184:Cuisine 3060:Culture 3035:Reality 2985:Creator 2975:Atomism 2845:History 2818:Ukraine 2778:Germany 2697:Senegal 2687:Vietnam 2615:Myanmar 2415:Shinran 2405:Karmapa 2380:Shandao 2350:Dignāga 2275:Śrāvaka 2255:Donchee 2250:Kappiya 2208:Sayadaw 2178:Bhikkhu 2153:Anāgāmi 2110:Nirvana 2076:Samadhi 1963:Paritta 1904:Tonglen 1899:Mandala 1854:Smarana 1835:Mantras 1783:Upekkha 1753:Bhavana 1703:Shingon 1656:Tiantai 1509:Tathātā 1499:Śūnyatā 1494:Skandha 1484:Saį¹ƒsāra 1479:Rebirth 1454:Kleshas 1444:Indriya 1346:SubhÅ«ti 1231:Guanyin 1185:Ānanda 1177:Rāhula 1057:Nirvana 997:Outline 864:Thubten 856:Trinley 848:Khedrup 832:Lungtok 824:Jamphel 816:Kelzang 532:Sources 201:Tibetan 169:Chinese 105:Parents 89:, Tibet 87:Ɯ-Tsang 70:, Tibet 3560:Sutras 3555:Suttas 3420:Siddhi 3405:Koliya 3380:Brahmā 3295:Poetry 3241:Mantra 3231:Kasaya 3103:Pagoda 3083:Kyaung 3078:Vihāra 3073:Temple 3015:Ethics 2858:Ashoka 2808:Sweden 2803:Poland 2798:Norway 2788:Mexico 2773:France 2758:Canada 2753:Brazil 2692:Africa 2672:Taiwan 2635:Russia 2560:Bhutan 2520:Vinaya 2400:Naropa 2390:Saraha 2325:Asanga 2081:PrajƱā 1990:Refuge 1953:Nianfo 1914:Tertƶn 1909:Tantra 1894:Ganana 1884:Tukdam 1810:Dhyāna 1778:Mudita 1773:Karuį¹‡Ä 1666:RisshÅ« 1661:Huayan 1594:Naraka 1534:Anattā 1529:Dukkha 1524:Anicca 1429:Dharma 1381:Channa 1316:Ānanda 1301:Assaji 1268:Skanda 1171:(wife) 1140:Family 1120:Relics 1045:Sangha 1040:Dharma 1035:Buddha 872:Tenzin 800:Lozang 792:Yonten 665:  621:  591:  557:  342:Potala 334:ambans 3532:Lists 3400:Kalpa 3395:Iddhi 3258:Music 3253:Mudra 3219:Vassa 3199:Vesak 3169:Budai 3115:Candi 3098:Stupa 3030:Logic 2783:Italy 2682:Tibet 2620:Nepal 2590:Korea 2585:Japan 2575:India 2570:China 2515:Sutra 2470:Texts 2420:Dōgen 2410:Hōnen 2395:Atiśa 2360:Zhiyi 2270:Achar 2238:Tulku 2233:Geshe 2218:Rōshi 2203:Ajahn 2158:Arhat 2118:Bodhi 2088:VÄ«rya 2005:Sacca 2000:Satya 1995:Sādhu 1983:Music 1926:Merit 1919:Terma 1879:Zazen 1815:Faith 1768:Mettā 1449:Karma 1409:Bardo 1376:Asita 1366:Khema 1356:Upāli 1341:Nanda 1179:(son) 1153:Māyā 1130:Films 1007:Index 784:Sonam 667:Died: 660:Born: 388:Tibet 378:Death 301:Tibet 250:Lhasa 222:Wylie 40:Title 3430:Pāįø·i 3415:Māra 3325:Flag 2726:Iran 2650:Tuva 2595:Laos 2223:Lama 2071:Śīla 2039:Śīla 2027:PÄ«ti 2017:Sati 1968:Puja 1889:Koan 1795:Dāna 1386:Yasa 1273:Tārā 619:ISBN 589:ISBN 555:ISBN 449:2012 366:and 295:and 283:The 175:éš†ęœµå˜‰ęŽŖ 76:Died 68:Kham 53:Born 3152:Art 3088:Wat 1624:Zen 638:VII 253:IPA 3617:: 2654:ru 636:. 613:. 587:. 583:: 579:. 553:. 435:. 411:^ 362:, 2656:) 2652:( 1870:) 1866:( 961:e 954:t 947:v 735:e 728:t 721:v 627:. 597:. 563:. 451:. 61:) 57:(

Index


Kham
Ɯ-Tsang
Tibetan Buddhism
8th Dalai Lama, Jamphel Gyatso
10th Dalai Lama, Tsultrim Gyatso
Chinese
Tibetan
Wylie
Tibetan Pinyin
Lhasa
IPA
[luŋtokcatsŹ°É”]
Tibet
Eighth Dalai Lama
Panchen Lama

ambans
Potala
Thomas Manning
Abhisamayālaį¹…kāra
Mādhyamaka
Abhidharmakośa
Ganden Tripa
Monlam Prayer Festival
Tibet
Potala Palace


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