60 Hudson Street - Knowledge

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coming from the building. In 2006, a New York City panel approved the storage of nearly 2,000 gallons (7,500 liters) of diesel fuel on six floors of the building, part of some 80,000 gallons (300,000 liters) of fuel oil stored in the building. Community opposition had been raised regarding concerns that the presence of the fuel oil posed a fire hazard that could result in a catastrophic failure of the building. 60 Hudson Street underwent some renovations starting in 2015. In early 2022, Cordiant Digital Infrastructure announced that it would acquire the building's owner, DataGryd, whose sole property was 60 Hudson Street.

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with his previous commissions, Walker designed the interior in a similar style to the exterior, at a time when many buildings were being designed with modern-styled exteriors and historically-styled interiors. In contrast to the complex stone designs of his previous commissions, the ornamental program at 60 Hudson Street is more subdued and exclusively uses brick. The interior spaces of 60 Hudson Street cover almost 1 million square feet (93,000 m). When it was built, the structure had a gross floor area of 1,040,478 square feet (96,663.6 m) and a usable floor area of 729,035 square feet (67,729.6 m).

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the entire building, except for two storefronts at the ground story. On October 5, 1930, the telegraph lines from 24 Walker Street were "cut over" to 60 Hudson Street, with the help of 3,000 men. Telegraph service was maintained throughout the twelve-hour "cut over" period; this was considered a large engineering achievement for the time. The first transcontinental telegraph wire from the building was activated two days later. Just before the building's opening, Carlton protested against plans to demolish the adjacent

520: 535: 810:, the building was the first project in New York City where the excavation used a "well-point system of drainage". Construction was to take two years because of the complexities of the project: the building was required to be fireproof and resistant to theft and outside interference, while the cable and conduit systems were supposed to handle 100 million messages yearly. During the building's construction, in April 1929, four workers died after a derrick on the 22nd floor collapsed. 995: 869: 981: 799:

in July 1927. Newcomb Carlton, president of Western Union, announced on October 4, 1927, that the company had completed plans for a 15-story edifice on the block, which he said would be the world's largest telegraph building. Carlton estimated that the structure would cost between $ 6 million and $ 6.5 million excluding the site. In May 1928, Western Union filed construction plans for the Hudson Street site.

411: 624:; an entrance to the lobby outside the building's former auditorium; and a passageway to the former cafeteria, Small vestibules separate the main corridor from Hudson Street and West Broadway. On Hudson Street, between the vestibule and the main hall, is a wide entrance hall. This space contains plaster on the upper portions of its walls, as well as an arched ceiling supported by octagonal brick piers. 337:. The building was described as the world's largest telegraph building upon its opening and served as the combined headquarters for all of Western Union's divisions, which were scattered across New York City prior to the building's completion. Though Western Union relocated elsewhere in 1973, its former headquarters remain a communications center, and since the late 20th century, has housed a 751:, which was completed in 1916. The newer Broadway building came to be mainly associated with AT&T, to the extent that by the 1920s, Western Union did not have a building with which its headquarters was mainly associated. Simultaneously, work proceeded on 24 Walker Street, a shared-operations building erected five blocks north on the current 32 Avenue of the Americas site in 1911–1914. 501:'s use of "tapestry brick" in different hues. 60 Hudson Street was one of the first structures to use bricks in this manner. According to Walker, this was inspired by Western Union's inclination toward using a distinctive design for the building. There are 19 shades of brick used in the building. Each shade was created by baking the bricks in a 795:. That November, Western Union acquired three more buildings, thereby obtaining about 75 percent of the land on the city block bounded by West Broadway and Worth, Hudson, and Thomas Streets. Western Union hired intermediaries to negotiate for the remainder of the block so existing property owners would not become suspicious. 448:

60 Hudson Street's form was also influenced by its interior use, as it was a "hybrid building" that contained offices along with mechanical equipment. There were numerous functions that did not necessitate sunlight and could operate using artificial light, such as the central operating system and the

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or its affiliates during the same time span. 60 Hudson Street was one of several technologically advanced headquarters erected in the mid-20th century for communications and utility companies in the U.S. Unlike the AT&T buildings, 60 Hudson Street lacks a unified iconography in its ornamentation.

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60 Hudson Street is 371 feet (113 m) tall and contains 24 stories. It occupies a trapezoidal plot measuring 193 feet (59 m) on Hudson Street to the west, 180 feet (55 m) on West Broadway to the east, 254 feet (77 m) on Thomas Street to the south, and 329 feet (100 m) on Worth

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the structure. The proceeds from the sale would be used to pay back long-term debt and pay for modernization of the company's equipment. By late 1971, Western Union had indicated its intention to move corporate offices to New Jersey, although it would retain nearly 3,000 workers at 60 Hudson Street.

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Western Union bought two additional five-story buildings at 160 and 166 West Broadway in January 1927, thereby securing much of the block. At this time, the company indicated that it would probably erect a structure of up to 36 stories on the block. Western Union acquired the final site on the block

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When he designed the Barclay-Vesey Building, Walker had believed that it should serve "as a machine which had definite functions to perform for the benefit of its occupants." In a similar manner, 60 Hudson Street was described as "housing the production of the service which this company renders". As

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There has been some controversy about the usage of 60 Hudson Street as a colocation building. Residents of the surrounding neighborhood complained in 1999 that the cooling structures on the building were too loud. 60 Hudson Street's then-owners, Hudson Telegraph Associates, agreed to mitigate noise

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tile and the bottoms of the walls are clad with red granite. A Western Union publication described the lobby as the "only all-brick corridor in any office building in America". Many elements of the facade were also used in the lobby, such as the brick reliefs and chevrons; curtain-shaped thresholds

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The West Broadway elevation is designed similarly to the "screen" on the Hudson Street elevation. There is a centrally positioned entrance with five doors, a bronze lintel, and a glazed window with diagonal muntins. Three storefronts are on either side of the doorway on West Broadway; at the second

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On the Hudson Street elevation is a two-story screen, behind which rise three rectangular slabs. The northern, center, and southern slabs are respectively 15, 21, and 19 stories tall. By contrast, the West Broadway elevation, which is perpendicular to both Thomas and Worth Streets, is symmetrical,

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Western Union started moving from 195 Broadway on August 29, 1930. At the time, Western Union did not occupy the entire structure; the first floor and mezzanine on Hudson Street were rented out to other companies, as were the fourth to seventh floors. Eventually, the company was expected to occupy

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transition from a parallelogram shaped base to a right-angled tower, which he regarded as an "annoying defect". Walker subsequently wrote that Mumford's criticism made him realize "a building could take its own form regardless of the land below". Accordingly, Walker designed 60 Hudson Street as an

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observed that 60 Hudson Street resembled "a huge red rock projecting out of the city". Stern wrote that 60 Hudson Street's decoration was "rather integral" to the brick facade, as opposed to at the Barclay–Vesey Building, which contained decorative elements and a facade in "contradiction" to each

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Upon the building's completion, Western Union's operating departments and supporting staff occupied 17 floors. The upper floors contained mechanical shops, offices, and equipment rooms. The ninth floor included laboratories for the company, and the 24th floor served as a "presidential suite". The

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and was called the "Telegraph Capitol of America". When 60 Hudson Street was Western Union's headquarters, equipment for communications was installed on the roof. The equipment was frequently updated to use the most modern technology, making the building desirable to communications companies. In

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set between vertical brick piers. On the Worth Street elevation, there are storefront windows at either end. The central section of the Worth Street elevation contains triple-hung windows, which concealed an auditorium inside. On Thomas Street, there are two storefront windows on the easternmost

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run under varying circumstances. The darkest bricks were used in the base, and the bricks on upper stories contained progressively lighter hues; the colors of the bricks changed every 29 feet (8.8 m). To create contrasts in the facade, the base also contained some light bricks and the upper

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was used for 60 Hudson Street and for Walker's other communications buildings, since he preferred the material for its texture and its flexibility in color combinations. The brick ornamentation on the facade was concentrated around the base, as well as on the parapets on each setback (which were

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The rest of 60 Hudson Street's facade is mostly consistent in design. On Hudson Street, Walker designed the facade with a pattern of wide and narrow piers that alternate. On the other elevations, the piers were largely flat against the rest of the facade, except behind the setbacks at the upper

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that rise an additional story above the previous setback, except at the 22nd floor. The series of setbacks on Thomas and Worth Streets are largely symmetrical, and are continuations of the setbacks on the outer edges of the West Broadway elevation. There are several projecting dormers along the

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Western Union began land acquisition in September 1924, when the firm bought two seven-story buildings on Hudson Street (one occupied by grocer R. C. Williams & Company), a four-story stable, and a one-story building on Thomas Street. Western Union agreed to lease back R. C. Williams &

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in order to allow light and air to reach the streets below, they later became a defining feature of the Art Deco style. 60 Hudson Street's massing mostly uses rectangular shapes in spite of its trapezoid-shaped lot. This may have been a response to architecture critic

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On the Hudson Street elevation, the facade forms a two-story "screen", behind which rise the upper stories. The main entrance archway is in the center of this "screen", near the intersection with Jay Street. It consists of five bronze doors beneath a bronze

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and doorways; use of bronze trim; and the mailboxes and doors, which are designed in a style reminiscent of the exterior setbacks. The use of interior brick is inspired not only by Sullivan's "brick tapestries" but also by designs of brick halls created by

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brick ceiling. Extending off this corridor are two elevator banks, one on each side, as well as numerous additional doorways to service areas, stairwells, and the storefronts at each of the building's four corners. Also on the south side is a telephone

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equipment. Four additional floors were set aside for the possible future expansion of these facilities. This reinforced 60 Hudson Street's role as "the heart of a nerve system of wires and cables reaching to every corner of the nation and the world."

568:. The other archways on Hudson Street include storefronts on the ground level, and curtain-shaped windows with vertical muntins on the second story. A smaller doorway faces the corner of Hudson and Worth Streets, on the northwest side of the plot. 551:

of pink granite, while the brick facade rises above that. Around the doors and windows, the brickwork is arranged similarly to curtains. The base is also divided vertically by stepped brick piers. Most ornamentation is made of brick, though the

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said the building was one of five in Lower Manhattan where at least 50,000 square feet (4,600 m) of continuous vacant space could be rented immediately. Western Union remained in the building until 1983, when a second

590:. At several locations on the north and south elevations, there were windowless bays that concealed stairways behind them. On the Worth Street elevation, the center window openings on the third floor are filled with copper 449:

mechanical space, which was placed inside the building's core. The office space, conversely, was placed on the exterior walls, so 60 Hudson Street did not require light courts that were as extensive as in nearby buildings.

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Next to the lobby, on the corner of Hudson and Thomas Streets, was a cafeteria that could serve 5,000 workers per day. The second floor contained a gymnasium, a library, and a school for the education of messengers.

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providers are tenants in the building. Epsilon Telecommunications, one such company, has built optical and electrical cabling facilities throughout the building since 1997. Various data centers including Epsilon,

806:, the building was expected to be completed in January 1930. The Western Union Building's completion was predicted to raise land values along Worth Street. Excavations started the following month.; according to 2224: 2074: 3506: 3722: 3652: 4683: 440:

with the top floors behind a central slab. Along the outer sections of the West Broadway elevation, the setbacks are at the 13th, 15th, 19th, and 22nd stories; the center section contains projecting

2456:"Western Union to Build Big Structure on Down-Town Block: Will Cover West Broadway Frontage Between Thomas and Worth Streets; Has Been Buying Property for the Last Six Months, According to Report". 1256: 1013: 322:. The brick facade uses a gradient color scheme with nineteen distinct hues, moving from darker shades to lighter ones as the building rises, and several ornate entrances at ground level lead to a 3049: 3011: 2761: 743:. Western Union was acquired by AT&T in 1909, and the next year, AT&T revealed plans to improve Western Union's offices "for the accommodation of the public and the welfare" of workers. 655:, giving the appearance that the walls and ceilings have been blended. The lobby contains bronze and brick furnishings such as lampposts and signage. The lobby is illuminated almost entirely by 2942: 2305: 2185: 2620: 1187: 2147: 1851: 2658: 3575: 3924: 2871: 3259: 2799: 1516:

Albright, Edgar (July 1929). "Sketches Illustrating the Design Development of an Office Building, The Western Union Telegraph Building, Voorhees, Gmelin & Walker, Architects".

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bays, as well as two double-height loading docks. The remaining bays on Thomas Street contain rectangular windows or ventilation grates, which are set between brick piers.

1903: 927:, which moved there in 2002. The city's departments of buildings and correction left 60 Hudson Street in 2010, and the space was subsequently used by internet providers. 4673: 3683: 3181: 4862: 358:

are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the West Broadway elevation. The Hudson Street elevation runs diagonally, intersecting both Worth and Thomas Streets.

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The lobby, a 25-foot-wide (7.6 m) west–east corridor between Hudson Street and West Broadway, is usually not accessible to the public. The corridor contains a

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departments. 60 Hudson Street remained a major telecommunications hub, as the wires of six long-distance communications providers converged under the building.

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Company's building to that company for five years. The site was close to 24 Walker Street, as well as the company's major clients in Lower Manhattan: the

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stories also had some dark bricks. Though the facade mostly used brick in red and yellow hues, there were also bricks in very dark blue and purple hues.

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Unlike most other Art Deco lobbies of the time, which incorporated traditional motifs with modern materials, 60 Hudson Street's lobby largely uses a

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stated that designs like that of 60 Hudson Street were effective, comparing them to "brick tapestries hung from the sky". Architectural writer

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The exteriors and ground-floor lobbies of 60 Hudson Street and two other telecommunications buildings were designated city landmarks by the

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in 1991. After Western Union moved out of 60 Hudson Street, some of the space was occupied by city and state agencies. These included the

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was made. Afterward, Western Union gradually moved out of its space. The structure began attracting companies who needed space for their

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The building featured 70 million feet (21,000,000 m) of cable and 30 miles (48 km) of conduits, as well as a power plant.

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Western Union sold its leasehold of the building to 60 Hudson Associates in September 1981 for an estimated $ 24 million. At the time,

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brick design. Three shades of brick were used in the lobby. The lobby is clad largely in brick and tile, though the floors are made of

3761: 4847: 4354: 3312: 2389:"Western Union Enlarges Big Dowm-Town Building: Buys Buildings on Thomas and Worth Streets, Abutting Its Hudson St. Block Front". 1895: 4887: 4837: 4832: 4405: 4231: 1008: 924: 3165: 758:, sold its shares in Western Union in 1913 due to the threat of antitrust action. Under the tenure of Western Union president 490:. This emphasized the vertical lines of the building and, when combined with the setbacks, created an appearance of cascades. 4867: 4688: 4597: 4092: 4062: 4033: 3992: 3962: 3857: 3542: 3350: 2714:"4 Die as Steel Hits Scaffold in 22-Story Plunge: 3½ Tons of Girders Sweep Men From Ninth Floor of Western Union Structure". 2007: 1616: 1481: 920: 378: 4006: 4602: 1137:"Color Marks Telegraph Co. New Building: Nineteen Shades Make Exterior of Western Union New York Structure Eye-Arresting". 705: 3675: 432: 4612: 2578: 3204: 802:

Work started on August 21, 1928, at which point the building was to rise 24 stories. At the time of the site's official

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in 1982, Paul Goldberger described 60 Hudson Street as "fine Art Deco building which powerfully closes the vista from

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hubs in the world. Hundreds of telecommunications companies interconnect their respective internet networks (known as

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eleventh through fifteenth floors were devoted to facilities for Western Union's different modes of communication:

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Though Western Union was once an AT&T affiliate, this was not the case by the time 60 Hudson Street was built.

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of 60 Hudson Street includes numerous setbacks. Though setbacks in New York City skyscrapers were mandated by the

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style. 60 Hudson Street was the third Art Deco building in the New York City area that Walker designed, after the

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Main entrance, showing the bronze doors beneath the bronze lintel. At the top is a glazed window with diagonal

4827: 4754: 4577: 1106: 4627: 4592: 2605:"Sees Values Recast by Worth St. Project; New Western Union Building Will Change Section, Says Emil Lehman" 2487:"The Western Union Adds to Its Realty: Telegraph Company Purchases Two More Flats on West Broadway Block". 103: 1836:"Skyscraper Begun by Western Union; Largest Telegraph Building in World Will Cover Block in Hudson Street" 1666: 4803: 4719: 4135: 3843: 3783: 3410: 2421:"Western Union Buys a Big Plot; Purchase in Block Bounded by West Broadway, Hudson, Worth and Thomas Sts" 2170:"Old Western Union Building Soon To Go; Lower Broadway Landmark Will Be Replaced by a 26-Story Structure" 1251: 288: 197: 56: 4582: 4562: 4344: 3533: 1053: 893: 827:

lines, stating that it would inconvenience Western Union employees; the line remained open until 1938.

645: 397:. Within the New York City area, McKenzie, Voorhees & Gmelin designed numerous other buildings for 374: 3707:"Neighborhood Report: New York Noise; Instead of the Singing Telegram, Generators and Cooling Systems" 4734: 4462: 1057: 784: 740: 390: 304: 296: 91: 17: 1021:, another technology and telecommunications building in Manhattan constructed during the early 1930s 830:

The Western Union Building was a premier nexus of worldwide communications during the heyday of the

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story, two of these storefronts contain curtain-shaped windows, and the third contains a pair of

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The base comprises the first two stories. The lowest section of the facade is composed of three

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60 Hudson Street is 371 feet (113 m) tall. Its design shows the influence of Dutch and

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1948, Western Union sold 60 Hudson Street to a Chicago-based company for $ 12.5 million,

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Gabriel, Frederick (October 18, 1999). "Telecom companies seek buildings to call home".

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Willis, Carol (March 1986). "Zoning and "Zeitgeist": The Skyscraper City in the 1920s".

4744: 4637: 4607: 4205: 2358:"Buying in the Suburbs.: Golf Course Buyers Take Great Neck Estate Held at $ 135,000". 2113: 1470: 1397: 951: 591: 292: 4764: 4622: 4497: 4492: 4482: 4467: 4267: 4195: 4039: 4029: 3998: 3988: 3916: 3853: 3753: 3714: 3644: 3606: 3567: 3538: 3498: 3251: 3212: 3173: 3138: 3107: 3076: 3041: 3003: 2969: 2934: 2901: 2863: 2829: 2791: 2753: 2719: 2688: 2650: 2612: 2523: 2492: 2461: 2428: 2394: 2363: 2332: 2297: 2216: 2177: 2139: 2066: 2003: 1843: 1622: 1612: 1487: 1477: 1217: 1179: 1142: 1100: 1018: 904: 881: 701: 338: 762:, the company's operations grew and its equipment was upgraded to modern standards. 4872: 4729: 4542: 4477: 4385: 4369: 4318: 4308: 4262: 2105: 1808: 1804: 1729: 1725: 1652: 1648: 1525: 1521: 1389: 873: 462:

largely removed by the 1990s). The use of brick was likely influenced by Dutch and

394: 4081: 4051: 3951: 3342: 4210: 4023: 3982: 3637:"POSTINGS: A Switch to 280 Broadway, at Chambers; Buildings Dept. Moving Offices" 3491:"Commercial Property: Communications Landmarks; New Technology, Old Architecture" 3088: 2981: 2841: 2731: 2535: 2473: 2406: 2344: 2032: 1229: 759: 334: 3472: 3150: 3119: 2700: 2504: 2375: 2100:: The Process of Design and the New American Architectural Office (1868-1913)". 1154: 4739: 4457: 2996:"6th Ave. 'L' to Shut Down At Midnight Tomorrow; City Will Formally Take Title" 2097: 1995: 947: 909: 803: 697: 498: 494: 30:"Western Union Building" redirects here. For the building in South Dakota, see 564:, as well as a glazed window above the doors, which is subdivided by diagonal 4816: 4759: 4557: 4349: 4328: 4171: 4043: 4002: 3920: 3757: 3718: 3648: 3610: 3571: 3502: 3255: 3216: 3177: 3142: 3111: 3080: 3045: 3007: 2973: 2938: 2905: 2867: 2833: 2795: 2757: 2723: 2692: 2654: 2616: 2527: 2496: 2465: 2432: 2398: 2367: 2336: 2301: 2220: 2181: 2143: 2070: 1847: 1221: 1183: 1146: 772: 724: 637: 482:, Michigan. Walker also designed the facade with a grid of accented vertical 428: 386: 382: 330: 276: 125: 112: 3676:"A Look Into the Internet's Innards at 60 Hudson St., Tribeca's Telecom Hub" 3403:"Epsilon - The Global Connectivity Provider | Connectivity Made Simple" 3282: 2025: 1491: 519: 4769: 4749: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4298: 3528: 1626: 958:'s poetic conceit of the tall building as a manmade mountain". Writing for 955: 897: 748: 677: 616: 534: 323: 300: 295:

in the early 20th century. 60 Hudson Street spans the entire block between

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was commissioned to design new headquarters on the same site, the present

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New York City Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications

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List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan below 14th Street

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and optical and electrical lines placed throughout the building. Many

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The facade served to give emphasis to the building's shape: the 1939

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led from 60 Hudson Street to twenty-five branch offices in Lower and

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New dimensions, the decorative arts of today in words & pictures

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Walker, Ralph T. (November 20, 1926). "The Barclay-Vesey Building".

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levels, where the piers were more prominent and designed similar to

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New York 1930: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Two World Wars

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setbacks near the western (Hudson Street) ends of both elevations.

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Stern, Robert A. M.; Gilmartin, Patrick; Mellins, Thomas (1987).

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After Western Union left, 60 Hudson Street was converted into a

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A storefront with a "curtain"-shaped opening on the second floor

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described the interlocking slabs of the massing as fulfilling "

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Viewed from the northwest corner, near Hudson and Worth Streets

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Cuthbert, T.P. (December 1928). "New and Colorful Brickwork".

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at 140 West Street and the AT&T Long Distance Building at

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The bricks were tinted in various tones of red, arranged in a

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Mumford, Lewis (July 6, 1927). "The Barclay-Vesey Building".

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New York Art Deco: A Guide to Gotham's Jazz Age Architecture

3842: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1818: 844:, in 1973 and continued to occupy much of 60 Hudson Street. 4288: 2856:"Western Union Shifts Wires To New Centre, World's Largest" 502: 4127: 4028:. Excelsior Editions. State University of New York Press. 3864:(Reprinted by Scholarly Press, 1976; often referred to as 3537:(4th ed.). New York: Three Rivers Press. p. 62. 2784:"Western Union Starts Moving; At 195 Broadway Since 1875" 1815: 1166: 1164: 34:. For the former telegraph headquarters on Broadway, see 1998:; Postal, Matthew A. (2009). Postal, Matthew A. (ed.). 1954: 1952: 1950: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1869: 923:, which had an office there by the late 1980s, and the 3599:"Talking: Renovations; New Areas Of Concern In Co-ops" 3244:"THE REGION; Keeping the Electronic Lifeblood Flowing" 1161: 1087:. Emporis. Archived from the original on June 23, 2019 3283:"Inside the Secret 'Hotels' Where the Internet Lives" 2518:"Western Union Co. Again Increases Realty Holdings". 2260:"The Telephone and Telegraph Building, New York City" 1647:. Vol. 77. December 30, 1930. pp. 772–773. 1467: 3984:

Tubes : a journey to the center of the Internet

2290:"Government Accepts an Offer of Complete Separation" 1947: 1935: 1918: 1866: 976: 329:60 Hudson Street was initially the headquarters of 267:, is a 24-story telecommunications building in the 3102:"Western Union Will Move Officers to New Jersey". 2327:"Hudson St. Block Front Bought by Western Union". 2266:. Vol. 49. W.T. Comstock Company. p. 4. 2102:Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 1469: 1386:Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 556:, window frames, and doorways are made of bronze. 27:Telecommunications building in Manhattan, New York 4863:Telecommunications buildings in the United States 1611:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 77. 354:Street to the north. The Worth and Thomas Street 4814: 2824:"Western Union Moves Headquarters After 55Yrs". 1715: 1713: 1511: 1509: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1501: 4843:New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan 4089:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission 4059:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission 3959:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission 1992:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission 1959:Landmarks Preservation Commission Interior 1991 1942:Landmarks Preservation Commission Interior 1991 1930:Landmarks Preservation Commission Interior 1991 1882:Landmarks Preservation Commission Interior 1991 1759: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1700: 1698: 1696: 917:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission 32:Western Union Building (Aberdeen, South Dakota) 3900: 3527: 3484: 3482: 3196: 3157: 2886: 2819: 2817: 2738: 2451: 2449: 2413: 2038: 1600: 823:in preparation for the construction of nearby 4143: 2678: 2676: 2547: 2545: 1975:. Vol. 17. October 6, 1930. p. 461. 1803:. Vol. 130, no. 2509. p. 397. 1792: 1710: 1638: 1636: 1557: 1498: 1207: 1205: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1772: 1748: 1693: 1590: 1588: 1586: 1584: 1582: 1580: 1578: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1547: 1545: 1543: 1541: 1539: 1537: 1535: 1425: 1423: 1421: 1419: 1417: 1415: 1413: 1411: 1388:. Vol. 45, no. 1. pp. 47–59. 1132: 1130: 1128: 1126: 1124: 1122: 1120: 1118: 1116: 279:. Built in 1928–1930, it was one of several 38:. For the current building on Broadway, see 4488:108 Leonard (Former New York Life Building) 3952:"American Telephone and Telegraph Building" 3479: 3064: 2957: 2814: 2707: 2511: 2446: 2382: 2320: 2200: 1350: 1348: 1346: 1344: 1342: 1340: 1338: 1336: 1323: 1321: 1319: 1304: 1294: 1292: 1290: 1288: 1286: 1284: 1282: 1280: 1278: 863: 4150: 4136: 3906: 3467:. Vol. 15, no. 342. p. 46. 3456: 3166:"Lower Manhattan Luring Office Developers" 3126: 3095: 2673: 2571: 2542: 2480: 2351: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1736: 1633: 1609:Skyscraper style : art deco, New York 1212:"$ 6,000,000 Building For Western Union". 1202: 720:Upper stories, seen from a few blocks away 393:(1932), as well as telephone buildings in 3431: 3280: 2104:. Vol. 46, no. 4. p. 348. 1769: 1643:"New York Architects and Clay Products". 1569: 1532: 1463: 1461: 1459: 1457: 1455: 1453: 1408: 1241: 1239: 1113: 1079: 1077: 433:criticism of the Barclay–Vesey Building's 4355:Mercer Labs Museum of Art and Technology 3673: 3365: 3203:Thomas, Robert McG Jr. (April 4, 1982). 2257: 2056: 2021: 2019: 1893: 1719: 1606: 1515: 1333: 1316: 1275: 884:and grew into one of the most important 867: 840:Western Union moved its headquarters to 715: 662: 409: 4098:from the original on September 15, 2020 4068:from the original on September 15, 2020 3725:from the original on September 11, 2017 3704: 3462: 3432:Tarantola, Andrew (November 11, 2011). 3241: 3164:Horsley, Carter B. (October 25, 1981). 3163: 2095: 1979: 1906:from the original on September 15, 2020 1441: 1435: 14: 4878:Western Union buildings and structures 4815: 4598:Firehouse, Hook & Ladder Company 8 4232:Borough of Manhattan Community College 4021: 3968:from the original on December 27, 2016 3927:from the original on November 14, 2017 3877: 3852:. New York: Random House. p. 79. 3794:from the original on February 29, 2020 3764:from the original on February 29, 2020 3617:from the original on December 20, 2017 3596: 3488: 3383:from the original on December 11, 2022 3323:from the original on November 13, 2011 3293:from the original on November 30, 2016 3202: 3052:from the original on February 28, 2018 2270:from the original on November 10, 2021 2246:Landmarks Preservation Commission 2006 2188:from the original on November 10, 2021 2045:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1991 1798: 1787:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1991 1763: 1743:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1991 1704: 1595:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1991 1564:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1991 1552:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1991 1450: 1430:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1991 1383: 1372:Landmarks Preservation Commission 2006 1355:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1991 1328:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1991 1310: 1299:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1991 1236: 1074: 1009:Art Deco architecture of New York City 925:New York City Department of Correction 813: 4131: 3824:from the original on January 13, 2022 3705:Stamler, Bernard (October 24, 1999). 3686:from the original on February 9, 2020 3489:Dunlap, David W. (October 20, 1991). 3413:from the original on November 4, 2019 3242:Ramirez, Anthony (December 8, 1991). 2391:The New York Herald, New York Tribune 2329:The New York Herald, New York Tribune 2150:from the original on February 4, 2021 2016: 1263:from the original on February 8, 2020 934: 921:New York City Department of Buildings 704:, allowing for the easy transport of 651:The tops of the walls contain curved 474:, which also made the facade for the 436:intricate set of interlocking slabs. 379:New Jersey Bell Headquarters Building 4883:1930 establishments in New York City 4613:Kitchen, Montross & Wilcox Store 4603:Four Seasons Hotel New York Downtown 3980: 3907:Goldberger, Paul (October 8, 1982). 3743: 3557: 3521: 3353:from the original on January 4, 2019 3205:"Office Help Sent to Low-rent Sites" 3184:from the original on August 29, 2021 2207:Gray, Christopher (April 23, 2000). 2206: 1854:from the original on August 27, 2021 1681:from the original on August 23, 2021 4009:from the original on March 20, 2022 3674:Glassman, Carl (December 7, 2019). 3509:from the original on March 19, 2020 3305: 3281:Luckerson, Victor (April 4, 2016). 2945:from the original on March 20, 2022 2874:from the original on March 20, 2022 2802:from the original on March 20, 2022 2764:from the original on March 13, 2018 2661:from the original on March 20, 2022 2623:from the original on March 20, 2022 2308:from the original on March 20, 2022 2227:from the original on March 10, 2020 2057:Friedman, Andrew (April 29, 2001). 1894:Glassman, Carl (February 4, 2019). 1190:from the original on March 28, 2018 24: 4853:Office buildings completed in 1930 4823:Art Deco architecture in Manhattan 3888:from the original on July 13, 2007 3444:from the original on July 15, 2019 3137:. September 25, 1981. p. 18. 3014:from the original on March 8, 2018 2362:. September 26, 1924. p. 35. 2331:. September 25, 1924. p. 27. 1724:. Vol. 37. pp. 251–252. 1476:. New York: Rizzoli. p. 567. 754:AT&T, under indictment of the 25: 4899: 4112: 4082:"Western Union Building Interior" 3784:"60 Hudson Street | TRD Research" 3744:Cave, Damien (October 18, 2006). 3655:from the original on May 27, 2015 3578:from the original on May 24, 2015 3262:from the original on May 25, 2015 3223:from the original on May 24, 2015 2968:. September 30, 1930. p. 3. 2687:. September 14, 1928. p. 5. 2393:. November 22, 1924. p. 22. 2258:Bosworth, William Welles (1917). 2096:Balmori, Diana (December 1987). " 2077:from the original on May 27, 2015 1446:. Vol. 51. pp. 176–177. 4848:New York City interior landmarks 4237:Metropolitan College of New York 3597:Brooks, Andree (April 9, 1989). 3531:& Willensky, Elliot (2000). 3106:. November 8, 1971. p. 29. 2683:"Western Union's New Building". 2579:"Western Union Building to Rise" 2491:. January 15, 1927. p. 26. 2460:. January 13, 1927. p. 41. 2000:Guide to New York City Landmarks 1141:. November 3, 1929. p. B4. 993: 979: 729:Western Union Telegraph Building 580: 533: 518: 55: 36:Western Union Telegraph Building 3871: 3836: 3806: 3776: 3737: 3698: 3667: 3629: 3590: 3558:Oser, Alan S. (March 9, 1986). 3551: 3425: 3395: 3335: 3274: 3235: 3026: 2988: 2919: 2848: 2828:. August 30, 1930. p. 24. 2776: 2635: 2597: 2282: 2251: 2239: 2162: 2124: 2089: 2050: 1964: 1887: 1667:"Color Utilized in Big Measure" 1659: 1377: 1046: 1037: 706:pneumatic tube mail in the city 680:transmitters, marine and stock 348: 4790:Tribeca West Historic District 4684:Chambers Street/WTC/Park Place 3878:Frankl, Paul Theodore (1928). 3343:"List of Tenants at 60 Hudson" 3075:. March 12, 1948. p. 36. 2585:. October 5, 1927. p. 113 1673:. June 16, 1929. pp. 80, 842:Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 821:Sixth Avenue elevated railroad 765: 486:, contrasting with horizontal 13: 1: 4888:Ralph Thomas Walker buildings 4838:Internet in the United States 4833:Office buildings in Manhattan 2718:. April 21, 1929. p. 1. 2559:. October 5, 1927. p. 24 2522:. July 30, 1927. p. 22. 1052:The other buildings were the 1025: 659:that provide indirect light. 361:The building was designed by 283:-style buildings designed by 4868:Telephone exchange buildings 4593:Firehouse, Engine Company 31 4338:Theaters, galleries, museums 1067: 7: 4804:Manhattan Community Board 1 4157: 4022:Robins, Anthony W. (2017). 1973:Telegraph and Telephone Age 1520:. Vol. 66. p. 1. 1216:. May 3, 1928. p. 44. 972: 601: 381:(1929); it was followed by 367:Voorhees, Gmelin and Walker 289:Voorhees, Gmelin and Walker 198:Voorhees, Gmelin and Walker 10: 4904: 4674:Canal Street/Varick Street 4583:Cosmopolitan Hotel Tribeca 4568:Broadway–Chambers Building 4345:Art Projects International 3943: 3866:WPA Guide to New York City 3534:AIA Guide to New York City 942:WPA Guide to New York City 892:) as well as conventional 711: 646:Peder Vilhelm Jensen-Klint 29: 4798: 4782: 4702: 4669:Canal Street/Sixth Avenue 4653: 4646: 4463:32 Avenue of the Americas 4448: 4378: 4337: 4277:Restaurants and nightlife 4276: 4255: 4224: 4178: 4165: 3465:Crain's New York Business 2264:Architecture and Building 1607:Robinson, Cervin (1975). 1105:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 1058:32 Avenue of the Americas 896:traffic through numerous 872:60 Hudson Street (left); 785:New York Produce Exchange 452: 391:32 Avenue of the Americas 254: 249: 245: 241: 224: 216: 207: 203: 193: 183: 178: 170: 165: 157: 149: 141: 102: 86: 81: 73: 69: 54: 49: 4858:Skyscrapers in Manhattan 4573:Canal Street Post Office 4548:American Thread Building 4052:"Western Union Building" 3844:Federal Writers' Project 2553:"Biggest "Tel" Building" 1518:The Architectural Record 1085:"Western Union Building" 1030: 864:Internet hub and offices 781:New York Cotton Exchange 610: 263:, formerly known as the 4618:Mutual Reserve Building 4416:Ichimura at Brushstroke 4242:New York Academy of Art 3135:The Wall Street Journal 3104:The Wall Street Journal 3073:New York Herald Tribune 2966:New York Herald Tribune 2826:New York Herald Tribune 2716:New York Herald Tribune 2685:The Wall Street Journal 2520:New York Herald Tribune 2458:New York Herald Tribune 2031:April 14, 2009, at the 1809:2027/mdp.39015082487896 1730:2027/mdp.39015021780385 1653:2027/mdp.39015086639518 1526:2027/osu.32435022834204 1214:New York Herald Tribune 808:The Wall Street Journal 773:American Stock Exchange 509: 405: 343:New York City landmarks 179:Design and construction 4563:Barclay–Vesey Building 4365:Soho Repertory Theatre 4216:Washington Market Park 2933:. September 30, 1930. 2649:. September 23, 1928. 1801:The American Architect 1054:Barclay–Vesey Building 877: 777:Trinity Place building 721: 472:Fallston, Pennsylvania 424:1916 Zoning Resolution 415: 375:Barclay–Vesey Building 265:Western Union Building 210:New York City Landmark 77:Western Union Building 4664:Canal Street/Broadway 3981:Blum, Andrew (2012). 3818:Data Center Knowledge 3319:. November 11, 2011. 2427:. November 22, 1924. 2296:. December 20, 1913. 2176:. November 19, 1911. 1722:The Western Architect 1645:Brick and Clay Record 871: 719: 663:Other interior spaces 413: 383:101 Willoughby Street 161:371 feet (113 m) 126:40.71778°N 74.00833°W 63:One World Observatory 4828:Art Deco skyscrapers 4588:David S. Brown Store 4538:408 Greenwich Street 4533:388 Greenwich Street 4186:Albert Capsouto Park 3002:. December 3, 1938. 1139:The Hartford Courant 1001:New York City portal 476:David Stott Building 464:German Expressionism 312:German Expressionism 142:Construction started 4503:177 Franklin Street 4360:Postmasters Gallery 4247:New York Law School 4091:. October 1, 1991. 4061:. October 1, 1991. 3849:New York City Guide 3820:. January 5, 2022. 3680:Tribeca Trib Online 2900:. October 7, 1930. 2862:. October 5, 1930. 2790:. August 30, 1930. 2611:. October 9, 1927. 1900:Tribeca Trib Online 1842:. August 22, 1928. 987:Architecture portal 814:Western Union years 745:William W. Bosworth 285:Ralph Thomas Walker 188:Ralph Thomas Walker 131:40.71778; -74.00833 122: / 82:General information 4783:Historic districts 4638:Woolworth Building 4608:Home Life Building 3987:. New York: Ecco. 3913:The New York Times 3750:The New York Times 3711:The New York Times 3641:The New York Times 3603:The New York Times 3564:The New York Times 3495:The New York Times 3379:. August 1, 2022. 3248:The New York Times 3209:The New York Times 3170:The New York Times 3040:. March 12, 1948. 3038:The New York Times 3000:The New York Times 2931:The New York Times 2898:The New York Times 2860:The New York Times 2788:The New York Times 2752:. April 21, 1929. 2750:The New York Times 2647:The New York Times 2609:The New York Times 2489:The New York Times 2425:The New York Times 2360:The New York Times 2294:The New York Times 2213:The New York Times 2174:The New York Times 2136:The New York Times 2063:The New York Times 1996:Dolkart, Andrew S. 1840:The New York Times 1671:Detroit Free Press 1176:The New York Times 1060:five blocks north. 952:Robert A. M. Stern 935:Critical reception 878: 849:The New York Times 722: 416: 293:telecommunications 225:Reference no. 4810: 4809: 4778: 4777: 4623:One Hudson Square 4543:A&P Warehouse 4498:175 West Broadway 4493:111 Murray Street 4483:101 Warren Street 4468:56 Leonard Street 4444: 4443: 4268:TriBeCa Synagogue 4196:Hudson River Park 4035:978-1-4384-6396-4 3994:978-0-06-209675-3 3961:. July 25, 2006. 3859:978-1-60354-055-1 3643:. July 21, 2002. 3544:978-0-8129-3107-5 2138:. April 7, 1910. 2047:, pp. 3, 10. 2009:978-0-470-28963-1 1618:978-0-19-502112-7 1483:978-0-8478-3096-1 1019:111 Eighth Avenue 882:colocation center 702:Midtown Manhattan 339:colocation center 299:, Thomas Street, 258: 257: 194:Architecture firm 166:Technical details 16:(Redirected from 4895: 4651: 4650: 4628:Textile Building 4478:75 Murray Street 4473:60 Hudson Street 4370:The Flea Theater 4319:Tamarind Tribeca 4309:One White Street 4274: 4273: 4263:Tribeca Festival 4152: 4145: 4138: 4129: 4128: 4124: 4123: 4121:Official website 4107: 4105: 4103: 4097: 4086: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4067: 4056: 4047: 4018: 4016: 4014: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3967: 3956: 3937: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3904: 3898: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3875: 3869: 3863: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3810: 3804: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3780: 3774: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3741: 3735: 3734: 3732: 3730: 3702: 3696: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3671: 3665: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3633: 3627: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3594: 3588: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3555: 3549: 3548: 3525: 3519: 3518: 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May 3, 1928. 1170: 1169: 1162: 1136: 1135: 1114: 1098: 1097: 1090: 1088: 1083: 1082: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1064: 1051: 1047: 1042: 1038: 1033: 1028: 999: 994: 992: 985: 978: 975: 969:to the north." 937: 866: 816: 768: 760:Newcomb Carlton 714: 698:Pneumatic tubes 688:equipment, and 665: 613: 604: 583: 545: 544: 543: 542: 541: 538: 530: 529: 523: 512: 455: 408: 351: 335:Newcomb Carlton 237: 234:1750 (interior) 231:1749 (exterior) 220:October 1, 1991 212: 130: 128: 124: 121: 116: 113: 111: 109: 108: 94: 65: 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4901: 4891: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4808: 4807: 4799: 4796: 4795: 4793: 4792: 4786: 4784: 4780: 4779: 4776: 4775: 4773: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4706: 4704: 4700: 4699: 4697: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4660: 4658: 4648: 4647:Transportation 4644: 4643: 4641: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4458:2 White Street 4454: 4452: 4446: 4445: 4442: 4441: 4439: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4382: 4380: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4341: 4339: 4335: 4334: 4332: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4280: 4278: 4271: 4270: 4265: 4259: 4257: 4253: 4252: 4250: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4228: 4226: 4222: 4221: 4219: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4182: 4180: 4176: 4175: 4166: 4163: 4162: 4155: 4154: 4147: 4140: 4132: 4126: 4125: 4114: 4113:External links 4111: 4109: 4108: 4078: 4048: 4034: 4019: 3993: 3978: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3939: 3938: 3899: 3870: 3858: 3835: 3805: 3775: 3736: 3697: 3666: 3628: 3589: 3550: 3543: 3520: 3478: 3455: 3424: 3394: 3364: 3334: 3304: 3273: 3234: 3195: 3156: 3125: 3094: 3063: 3025: 2987: 2956: 2918: 2885: 2847: 2813: 2775: 2737: 2706: 2672: 2634: 2596: 2570: 2541: 2510: 2479: 2445: 2412: 2381: 2350: 2319: 2281: 2250: 2238: 2199: 2161: 2123: 2110:10.2307/990273 2098:George B. Post 2088: 2049: 2037: 2015: 2008: 1978: 1963: 1946: 1934: 1917: 1886: 1865: 1814: 1791: 1768: 1747: 1735: 1709: 1692: 1658: 1632: 1617: 1599: 1568: 1556: 1531: 1497: 1482: 1449: 1434: 1407: 1394:10.2307/990128 1376: 1359: 1332: 1315: 1303: 1274: 1235: 1201: 1160: 1112: 1072: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1062: 1045: 1035: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1023: 1022: 1016: 1011: 1005: 1004: 990: 974: 971: 963:New York Times 948:Paul T. Frankl 946:other. Critic 936: 933: 910:Digital Realty 865: 862: 815: 812: 804:groundbreaking 789:ticker service 767: 764: 713: 710: 664: 661: 617:barrel-vaulted 612: 609: 603: 600: 582: 579: 539: 532: 531: 524: 517: 516: 515: 514: 513: 511: 508: 499:Louis Sullivan 497:, inspired by 454: 451: 407: 404: 350: 347: 324:barrel-vaulted 256: 255: 252: 251: 247: 246: 243: 242: 239: 238: 236: 235: 232: 228: 226: 222: 221: 218: 214: 213: 208: 205: 204: 201: 200: 195: 191: 190: 185: 181: 180: 176: 175: 172: 168: 167: 163: 162: 159: 155: 154: 151: 147: 146: 143: 139: 138: 106: 100: 99: 88: 84: 83: 79: 78: 75: 71: 70: 67: 66: 60: 52: 51: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4900: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4820: 4818: 4805: 4802: 4797: 4791: 4788: 4787: 4785: 4781: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4760:West Broadway 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 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Norval 3524: 3508: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3485: 3483: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3459: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3428: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3398: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3368: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3338: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3308: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3277: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3238: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3199: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3160: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3129: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3098: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3067: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3029: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2991: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2960: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2922: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2889: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2851: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2820: 2818: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2779: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2741: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2710: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2679: 2677: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2638: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2600: 2584: 2580: 2574: 2558: 2554: 2548: 2546: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2514: 2506: 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Retrieved 1048: 1039: 962: 959: 956:Hugh Ferriss 940: 938: 929: 914: 879: 848: 846: 837:leasing back 829: 817: 807: 801: 797: 769: 753: 749:195 Broadway 723: 695: 682:ticker tapes 670: 666: 650: 626: 614: 605: 584: 574:sash windows 570: 558: 546: 492: 456: 447: 438: 431:'s previous 417: 363:Ralph Walker 360: 352: 349:Architecture 328: 309: 301:Worth Street 264: 260: 259: 184:Architect(s) 74:Former names 44: 40:195 Broadway 4745:North Moore 4553:Astor House 4406:Chanterelle 4401:Brushstroke 4314:Sushi Azabu 4013:October 29, 3828:January 13, 3417:November 7, 2557:Times Union 2274:February 9, 2231:February 9, 2192:February 9, 2154:February 9, 1764:Robins 2017 1705:Robins 2017 1311:Robins 2017 1247:"NYCityMap" 902:data center 858:back office 793:Wall Street 766:Development 756:Sherman Act 642:Barry Byrne 389:(1931) and 377:(1927) and 171:Floor count 129: / 104:Coordinates 4817:Categories 4755:Washington 4451:structures 4421:Montrachet 4284:Frenchette 4191:Duane Park 3357:January 4, 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