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521:. On the night of 11-12 September 1917, they encountered Allied forces on the Oatar ridge near the villages of Akir, Al-Mugar and Karta and became involved in heavy combat. Combat continued on the ridges of Al-Mugar and Karta, in the vicinity of Akir, Ramle, Sheikh Munis, then around Kırmızıtepe, Cülcüliye, Kefer and Sürgüntepe. From 29 July 1917 the regiment was involved in fighting on the frontline between the villages of İkiztepe, Yüksektepe and Seferkasim Şemriye. The regiment subsequently suffered heavy casualties in the
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then. It involves an eight-kilometre hike re-enacting the march of the 57th
Regiment from the village at Bigali to the highlands of the battlefield. Within three years of the first march occurring there were 6,000 participants. As the march became more popular the Ministry of Youth and Sports assumed some control of the event and the government began funding the cost of travel and living expenses for its participants. It also oversees official registration and program co-ordination to cap attendance.
419:
commander Hüseyin Avni, who was promoted to lieutenant colonel due to his success in the Arıburnu
Battles, was killed on 13 August 1915, on the second day of Ramadan Feast, when a shell fell near the regiment headquarters in Kesikdere. He was succeeded on 24 August as commander of the regiment by Major Ali Hayri (Arıburun), who had been in the command of the 3rd battalion.
608:, which was published in time for the 100th anniversary of the campaign. The composition premièred at the Peace Summit in Istanbul on 23 April 2015. The symphony has four parts. The first two movements of the symphony are in the form of a sinfonia concertante for solo cello and orchestra, the third is a funeral march while the fourth movement of the work is an elegy.
392:
Identifying that the
Australian contingent was making for the high ground dominating the narrows, he immediately ordered the 2nd battalion under Mehmed Ata of the 57th to counterattack in the direction of Battleship Hill and as 1st battalion arrived he ordered it to support the counterattack from the
388:
and also, coming rapidly up the hill towards him, a group of
Ottoman soldiers who had been tasked with defending Hill 261 (Battleship Hill). They were out of ammunition and retreating. Mustafa Kemal stopped them, and asked them to take out their bayonets and lie down. This made the Anzacs climbing up
403:
The first companies commenced the counterattack at around 11.30 am and was followed by the others after noon. The 1st battalion lost its way and was late joining the counterattack. During this action which was personally led by Hüseyin Avni the regiment sustained heavy losses over the course of the
582:
Partly in response to the increasing number of
Australian and New Zealand youth on the battlefields for Anzac Day local Turkish university students organised a commemoration march in 2006. Originally known as the 57th Regiment March in the Track of Atatürk it has continued on a regular basis since
418:
The regiment, which suffered serious casualties between 25 April and 3 May, was reinforced with replacements. As the campaign turned into a trench war, the regiment was deployed around
Merkeztepe-Bombastır and successfully defended this area until the Allied withdraw from Gallipoli. The regimental
396:
Mustafa Kemal then made contact with Şefik and took him under his command. He also used his initiative to order the rest of his division forward to join him. Meanwhile he ordered the entire 57th
Regiment to prepare to counterattack in coordination with Şefik’s 27th Regiment. His order to the 57th
295:
when in response to the perceived threats to the
Dardanelles the III Corps of which the 19th Division was part was assigned the task of reinforcing the Gallipoli Peninsula. As a result the 57th regiment received orders on the 21 February 1915 to transfer with the 19th Division to Gallipoli. On 25
194:
The 57th
Infantry Regiment can trace its establishment back to either 9 December 1880 or 25 December 1892 depending upon the sources. It was formed as part of the 29th Brigade of the 15th Division. Its first commander was Colonel Mehmet Rıza from Istanbul who was soon after succeeded by Colonel
516:
Together with the rest of the 19th
Division the regiment departed Bakırköy for Haydarpaşa with 54 officers, 3,689 non-commissioned officers and enlisted men. Departing the Istanbul area on 8 July the regiment arrived in Aleppo on 16 July 1917. From there the regiment transferred to the army
296:
February, the regiment arrived at Eceabat (Maydos) by steamship, though its battalions were missing their fourth companies. There was a request for the regiment to be assigned to the 5th Army, but Mustafa Kemal was successful in insisting that the 57th Regiment stay under his command.
616:
A long-standing urban legend in Turkey claims that the flag of the 57th regiment was captured by Australian forces, who found it hanging on a tree branch above the dead body of the last surviving member of the regiment, and that it is now on display at the
561:
in the city of Adana dedicated to the memory of the regiment. Known in Turkish as the “57. Alay Şehitleri Camii” completion was planned for May 2016 at a cost of 1,500,000 Turkish Lira. However construction was still underway as of April 2021.
256:
Following the end of the Balkan wars the Ottoman army went through a major reorganization. During this process the 57th Regiment may have been disestablished as sources record the regiment as being established on 1 February 1915, in
303:, a small village on the Gallipoli Peninsula off to the east beyond the main ranges, while the actual regiments were encamped further south around Maltepe and Mersintepe. The regiment was then involved in training until 24 April.
632:
A rumour that started in the 1990s stated that the standard was held by the Australian War Memorial in Canberra. The Memorial does hold three Turkish infantry standards, all captured in Sinai/Palestine between 1916-1918 for the
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380:(ANZAC Cove). He ordered his whole division to prepare to march to the coast while he himself set off riding at the head of the 57th Regiment at 8.10 am. By about 9.30 am, Mustafa Kemal stood at
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which commemorates the men of the regiment who died at Gallipoli was constructed north of Quinn's Post on the lower slope of Baby 700 on top of a position known to the Anzacs as the Chessboard.
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front which led to the positions occupied by the 57th Regiment being attacked on 11 September. Both sides suffered heavy casualties. Fighting continued through September and early October.
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The regiment commenced wartime operations with 35 officers, 2,223 non-commissioned officers and enlisted men and 40 animals. It suffered 17 casualties. It participated in the
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203:
The regiment deployed to Tripoli with 71 officers and 1,642 non-commissioned officers and enlisted men in 1896. It participated as part of the 5th Tripoli Division in the
422:
Over the course of the campaign the regiment lost 25 officers and 1,817 NCOs and enlisted men out of its initial strength of 49 officers and 3,638 NCOs and enlisted men.
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but does not and never has held the 57th Infantry Regiment's standard. Nor are they aware that it was ever brought to Australia and does not know its current location.
879:
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on 30 November 1915. these were attached to their regimental flag by the Sultan at a ceremony on 25 April 1916 while the regiment was locating to the Galicia Front.
218:
while the 2nd Battalion was distributed to other units the rest of the regiment remained intact and was assigned to the 19th Infantry Division which was part of the
2005:
2000:
361:
troops were going to land on the peninsula. The first to respond to the news of the landing were the other two battalions of this regiment under the command of
346:
The regiment had a strength of 49 officers, 3,638 non-commissioned officers and enlisted men with 377 animals, 2,288 rifles as well as its machine guns.
177:
of Australian and New Zealand forces on 25 April 1915 the 57th Regiment counterattacked, slowed the Allied advance and lost about half of its personnel.
499:
on the outskirts of Istanbul on 23 June 1917 and established itself in tents near İncirli Çiftliği. The regiment's command structure was as follows:
1011:
357:
who, after doing what they could, withdrew back over the ridges. The main Ottoman forces in the area had been held in reserve to see just where the
716:
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south. The counterattack was successful and drove the Australian forward units under the command of Captain Eric W. Tulloch off Battleship Hill.
389:
the hill hesitate and lie down also. Although Mustafa Kemal had sent reports to the army and the Corps Command at Gallipoli, he received no reply.
1270:
517:
headquarters in Ayn-ı Tel and rested there until 29 July. On 24-25 August 1917 the regiment relocated to form with the 19th Division part of the
529:. Its losses during this battle was such that on 23 September 1918 the regiment was considered destroyed and removed from the regiment list.
342:
57th Machine Gun company with four 7.65 mm Maxim MG09 machine guns, organized into two platoons and employed in pairs or supporting platoons.
28:
1129:
Beşikçi, Mehmet (2018). "The Ottoman Mobilization in the Balkan War: Failure and Reorganization". In Boeckh, Katrin; Rutar, Sabine (eds.).
400:“I do not order you to attack, I order you to die! In the time which passes until we die, other troops and commanders can take our place”.
1263:
1506:
473:
in Austria-Hungarian Empire. They were quartered in the area mostly in private residences. On 21 August, 1916, Russians began their
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1975:
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Already woken by the sounds of gunfire a report reached Mustafa Kemal at 5.20 am that an enemy force was scaling the heights at
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Having come to Galicia with 54 officers and 2,741 men, the regiment left it having suffered 685 killed and 975 missing.
226:. Initially it was stationed at Bilaç ve Berana. At the commencement of the war the regiment was structured as follows:
1537:
1511:
1501:
950:
747:
1245:
299:
By April 1915, the 19th divisional headquarters and divisional units were stationed on the Yeldegirmeni Plains near
919:
571:
1109:
The Story of ANZAC from the outbreak of war to the end of the first phase of the Gallipoli Campaign, May 4, 1915
1087:
557:
In May 2014 construction started on the erection of a mosque on the grounds of the Facility of Theology of the
407:
When Mustafa Kemal’s 72nd Regiment arrived late in the day, he used it to reinforce the 57th’s decimated line.
604:. This project generated some ideas for a second work, which eventually became his Symphony No. 2 in C minor,
207:, which began on 29 September 1911. After the war ended in October 1912, the 57th Regiment was first sent to
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280:
126:
2010:
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1471:
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809:. Australian Army Campaigns. Vol. 16. Newport, NSW: Big Sky. pp. 75, 80, 120, 122–124, 126, 131.
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52:
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For the 2019 commemoration, a 104 metres (341 ft) long Turkish flag was carried by the marchers.
219:
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The regiment was awarded the Gold and Silver Medals of Concession and War Medal by the Ottoman Sultan
248:
on 16 to 19 November 1912. Following the Ottoman defeat in the war the regiment returned to Istanbul.
181:
later noted that the 57th Regiment was "a famous regiment this, because it was completely wiped out".
1995:
1481:
1456:
1436:
1426:
1411:
1401:
1391:
1112:. Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918. Sydney: Angus & Robinson. Archived from
1101:. Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan: Institute of Turkish Culture Studies, Mukogawa Women’s University: 7–15.
443:
1171:"Mobilizing the Ottoman Nation during the Balkan Wars (1912–1913): Awakening from the Ottoman Dream"
1431:
1406:
1386:
1211:(Degree of Master of Operational Arts and Sciences). Air Command and Staff College Air University.
526:
478:
266:
178:
522:
988:
558:
1132:
The Wars of Yesterday: The Balkan Wars and the Emergence of Modern Military Conflict, 1912/13
622:
381:
350:
174:
97:
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On 11 June 1917, after almost a year at the front the 57th Regiment was ordered back home.
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8:
1304:
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318:
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245:
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123:
92:
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The regiment was structured as follows at the commencement of the Gallipoli campaign:
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810:
770:
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672:
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day but were able to successfully stabilize the right flank of the Turkish defences.
204:
87:
72:
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in Melbourne both field many calls from the Turkish community about the flag around
600:
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618:
410:
215:
142:
76:
1057:"Can Atilla (b. 1969): Symphony No. 2 in C minor, 'Gallipoli – The 57th Regiment'"
966:
1012:"Gallipoli commemorations of Turkish youth tell us much about politics in Turkey"
856:
764:
442:, the 19th Division including the 57th Regiment was assigned to the newly formed
384:
with some of his officers. He could see the British warships and transports off
1203:
897:
447:
358:
353:
the Allied attackers encountered Turkish soldiers of the No.2 battalion of the
42:
1238:
Victory at Gallipoli, 1915: The German-Ottoman Alliance in the First World War
1186:
2035:
1088:"The Re-contextualization of the Battle of Gallipoli through Commemorations"
642:
638:
634:
366:
208:
1290:
362:
336:
329:
322:
310:
277:
223:
170:
81:
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The 1st Battalion of the 57th Regiment with its commander Major Zeki Bey
328:
2nd Battalion. Commanded by Captain Mehmed Ata (In response to the 1934
292:
258:
1985:
629:
each year, but assure all enquirers that they have never had the flag.
595:
385:
377:
335:
3rd Battalion. Commanded by Captain Ali Hayri (In response to the 1934
898:"The 57th Infantry Regiment: Fallen heroes of the Battle of Gallipoli"
626:
1224:
1130:
668:
Ordered to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War
300:
1170:
538:
466:
2042:
Military units and formations of the Ottoman Empire in World War I
1205:
Mustafa Kemal at Gallipoli: A Leadership Analysis and Terrain Walk
1154:. St. Leonards, New South Wales: Melbourne University Publishing.
454:
446:. On 20 January, 1916, the regiment were ordered to move towards
370:
470:
766:
Ottoman Army Effectiveness in World War I: A Comparative Study
462:
453:
On 22 July 1916, they boarded a train which took them through
458:
740:
Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913
2047:
Military units and formations of the Ottoman Empire by size
967:"ÇÜ 57. Alay Şehitleri Camii İnşaatı Bitme Aşamasına Geldi"
553:
The 57th Regiment Martyrs Mosque under construction in 2016
1181:(2). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publishing: 156–177.
283:
succeeded Miralay Şemi Bey as commander of the regiment.
33:
The 57th Infantry Regiment Memorial on Gallipoli Peninsula
369:
who advanced from their staging positions in the rear at
1135:(Hardback). New York: Berghahn Books. pp. 163–189.
880:"The Rock of Gallipoli: The Leadership of Mustafa Kemal"
671:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 83.
495:
After departing from Galicia the regiment reached the
1285:
969:. Çukurova Üniversitesi Haber Merkezi. April 28, 2021
945:(Paperback) (in Turkish). İstanbul: Timas Yayinlari.
710:
708:
706:
704:
702:
700:
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
598:
composed the original score of the Turkish was film
198:
1034:"Turkish youth march to mark 1915 Gallipoli battle"
886:. Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Army University Press.
565:
685:
2033:
469:. After some rest, the regiment made its way to
236:3rd Battalion. Commanded by Captain Mustafa Nuri
544:
506:1st Battalion. Commanded by Captain Ömer Fevzi.
490:
373:to meet up with the retreating No.2 battalion.
265:, which was being raised by Lieutenant Colonel
660:
658:
502:Commanding officer - Major Hacı Mehmet Emin.
233:1st Battalion. Commanded by Major İsmail Hakkı
1271:
1054:
807:The Ottoman Defence Against the Anzac Landing
714:
512:3rd Battalion. Commanded by Captain Süleyman.
943:Çanakkale Destanı: Gerçek Efsanelerin Öyküsü
339:his family adopted the surname "Ariburuni").
211:in Palestine and assigned to the 8th Corps.
1240:(Hardback). Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword.
1010:West, Brad; Aktar, Ayhan (April 24, 2018).
920:"Çanakkale'nin kahraman birliği '57. Alay'"
756:
655:
325:his family adopted the surname "Soydemir").
1278:
1264:
1201:
721:Cappadocia Journal of History and Sciences
414:Hüseyin Avni and others at Gallipoli, 1915
332:his family adopted the surname "Ercikan").
27:
1149:
1031:
1009:
509:2nd Battalion. Commanded by Mehmet Salih.
877:
762:
737:
664:
548:
424:
409:
1128:
871:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
438:After the successful completion of the
2034:
1225:"Gallipoli the Other Side of the Hill"
1152:Defending Gallipoli: The Turkish Story
1085:
940:
829:
715:Aydin, Nurhan; Gecenner, Tuba (2015).
577:
269:and receiving its regimental colours (
1259:
1168:
1055:Atilla, Can; Ahıskal, Angela (2017).
989:"Turkish 57th Regiment Memorial Park"
286:
1235:
1222:
1105:
834:. London: John Murray. p. 119.
804:
783:
769:. Taylor & Francis. p. 26.
317:1st Battalion. Commanded by Captain
1032:Balcikoca, Sinan (April 25, 2019).
848:
13:
1218:from the original on June 7, 2021.
1079:
1003:
878:Venditti, Eric T. (January 2021).
742:. Westport: Praeger. p. 378.
14:
2058:
229:Commanding officer: Colonel Sami
199:Italo-Turkish War and Balkan Wars
1252:Translated by Thomas P. Iredale.
854:
189:
1048:
1025:
981:
959:
934:
912:
859:. Turkey in the First World War
717:"Canakkale Cephesinde 57. Alay"
572:57th Infantry Regiment Memorial
566:57th Infantry Regiment Memorial
525:, which was part of the larger
890:
823:
731:
594:In 2012, the Turkish composer
251:
244:on 23–24 October 1912 and the
1:
648:
606:Gallipoli – The 57th Regiment
465:, before they disembarked in
313:(Major) Major Hüseyin Avni.
291:The regiment was training at
2011:Islamic Army of the Caucasus
1202:Piccirilli, Sean P. (2016).
763:Erickson, Edward J. (2007).
738:Erickson, Edward J. (2003).
665:Erickson, Edward J. (2001).
545:57th Regiment Martyrs Mosque
491:Sinai and Palestine campaign
105:Sinai and Palestine campaign
16:Former Ottoman military unit
7:
1095:Intercultural Understanding
589:
214:At the commencement of the
10:
2063:
1223:Uyar, Mesut (March 2015),
1150:Broadbent, Harvey (2015).
532:
433:
184:
1996:Hejaz Expeditionary Force
1968:
1937:
1576:
1530:
1379:
1323:
1297:
1187:10.1191/0968344505wh316oa
922:. AA News. April 22, 2018
321:(In response to the 1934
261:(Rodosto) as part of the
151:Elli Yedinci Piyade Alayı
117:
112:
68:
58:
48:
38:
26:
21:
830:Hickey, Michael (1995).
497:Bakırköy railway station
165:) was a regiment of the
1981:5th Expeditionary Force
1976:1st Expeditionary Force
1059:. Naxos. Archived from
941:Bilgin, İsmail (2006).
611:
273:) on 22 February 1915.
1086:Baykut, Sibel (2016).
554:
430:
415:
139:57th Infantry Regiment
63:19th Infantry Division
22:57th Infantry Regiment
2006:2nd Provisional Force
2001:1st Provisional Force
1106:Bean, C.E.W. (1941).
623:Shrine of Remembrance
621:. The Museum and the
552:
450:in Edirne Province.
428:
413:
365:(Lieutenant Colonel)
351:landing at Anzac Cove
309:Commanding officer -
276:On 23 February 1915,
175:landing at Anzac Cove
173:. In response to the
98:Landing at Anzac Cove
1236:Wolf, Klaus (2020).
1169:Ginio, Eyal (2005).
805:Uyar, Mesut (2015).
643:an unnamed regiment
578:57th Regiment March
559:Çukurova University
519:Yildirim Army Group
147:57'nci Piyade Alayı
1577:Infantry divisions
555:
475:Brusilov Offensive
440:Gallipoli Campaign
431:
416:
287:Gallipoli Campaign
246:Battle of Monastir
242:Battle of Kumanovo
93:Gallipoli Campaign
2029:
2028:
1986:German Asia Corps
1161:978-0-52286-457-1
1142:978-1-78533-774-1
1116:on April 16, 2008
841:978-0-7195-6142-9
816:978-1-925275-01-8
776:978-0-415-77099-6
678:978-0-313-31516-9
639:the 80th Regiment
527:Battle of Megiddo
205:Italo-Turkish War
163:Elli Yedinci Alay
132:
131:
88:Battle of Galicia
73:Italo-Turkish War
2054:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1232:
1219:
1217:
1210:
1198:
1165:
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1102:
1092:
1073:
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1070:
1068:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1007:
1001:
1000:
998:
996:
991:. WWI Cemeteries
985:
979:
978:
976:
974:
963:
957:
956:
938:
932:
931:
929:
927:
916:
910:
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866:
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802:
781:
780:
760:
754:
753:
735:
729:
728:
712:
683:
682:
662:
619:Melbourne Museum
523:Battle of Nablus
216:First Balkan War
77:First Balkan War
31:
19:
18:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2025:
1964:
1960:Van Gendarmerie
1938:Other divisions
1933:
1572:
1531:Fortified areas
1526:
1375:
1319:
1293:
1284:
1248:
1215:
1208:
1162:
1143:
1119:
1117:
1090:
1082:
1080:Further reading
1077:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1063:on June 7, 2021
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1016:
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987:
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972:
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965:
964:
960:
953:
939:
935:
925:
923:
918:
917:
913:
903:
901:
896:
895:
891:
884:Military Review
876:
872:
862:
860:
853:
849:
842:
828:
824:
817:
803:
784:
777:
761:
757:
750:
736:
732:
713:
686:
679:
663:
656:
651:
614:
592:
580:
568:
547:
535:
493:
436:
397:Regiment read:
289:
254:
201:
192:
187:
135:
119:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2060:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
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1929:37 Caucasian
1924:36 Caucasian
1919:11 Caucasian
1914:10 Caucasian
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1904:5 Caucasian
1899:3 Caucasian
1894:2 Caucasian
1889:1 Caucasian
1538:Dardanelles
1512:I Caucasian
1298:Army groups
1291:World War I
857:"Gallipoli"
382:Chunuk Bair
337:Surname Law
330:Surname Law
323:Surname Law
311:Kol Aghassi
252:World War 1
224:Vardar Army
171:World War I
159:57 nci Alay
82:World War I
69:Engagements
2036:Categories
1553:Adrianople
727:: 167–180.
649:References
596:Can Atilla
477:along the
386:Anzac Cove
319:Ahmet Zeki
157:(Turkish:
120:commanders
113:Commanders
1955:3 Cavalry
1950:2 Cavalry
1945:1 Cavalry
1548:Chataldja
1543:Bosphorus
1502:Iraq Area
1195:159809183
1120:April 20,
832:Gallipoli
627:ANZAC Day
448:Uzunköprü
220:VII Corps
2021:177 Rgt.
1310:Caucasus
1305:Yildirim
1213:Archived
590:Symphony
539:Mehmed V
467:Belgrade
444:XV Corps
378:Ariburnu
363:Kolağası
259:Tekirdağ
124:Kaymakam
2016:57 Rgt.
1563:Erzurum
1315:Eastern
1289:during
1231:: 36–39
1067:June 6,
1040:June 6,
1017:June 3,
995:June 6,
973:June 6,
926:June 2,
904:May 14,
863:May 13,
533:Honours
479:Galicia
455:Plovdiv
434:Galicia
371:Eceabat
293:Rodosto
222:of the
185:History
169:during
143:Turkish
118:Notable
39:Country
1991:Africa
1969:Others
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1472:XVIII
1380:Corps
1216:(PDF)
1209:(PDF)
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1091:(PDF)
900:. ibb
459:Sofia
349:Upon
278:Major
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1467:XVII
1447:XIII
1422:VIII
1242:ISBN
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461:and
209:Acre
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