203:
29:
442:
increased significantly. The report concluded that "he results of this study indicate that eight weeks of 6-OXO supplementation had no effect on body composition or clinical safety markers, but incompletely inhibited aromatase activity and significantly increased endogenous DHT levels that were
429:
Baylor
University conducted an eight-week study to determine the effects of 300 mg or 600 mg of 4-AT in resistance-trained males. Compared to baseline, free testosterone increased by 90% for 300 mg group and 84% for 600 mg group, respectively. Also
553:
Deventer K, Van Eenoo P, MikulcĂková P, Van Thuyne W, Delbeke FT (December 2005). "Quantitative analysis of androst-4-ene-3,6,17-trione and metabolites in human urine after the administration of a food supplement by liquid chromatography/ion trap-mass spectrometry".
399:. Since testosterone has myotropic activity and estradiol does not, elevated testosterone levels increase muscle mass. However, there appear to be no human or animal studies testing the hypothesis that 4-AT will produce an anabolic effect.
517:
Van Thuyne W, Van Eenoo P, MikulcĂková P, Deventer K, Delbeke FT (November 2005). "Detection of androst-4-ene-3,6,17-trione (6-OXO) and its metabolites in urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in relation to doping analysis".
589:
Numazawa M, Tsuji M, Mutsumi A (September 1987). "Studies on aromatase inhibition with 4-androstene-3,6,17-trione: its 3 beta-reduction and time-dependent irreversible binding to aromatase with human placental microsomes".
625:
Covey DF, Hood WF (April 1981). "Enzyme-generated intermediates derived from 4-androstene-3,6,17-trione and 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione cause a time-dependent decrease in human placental aromatase activity".
270:
709:"Effects of eight weeks of an alleged aromatase inhibiting nutritional supplement 6-OXO (androst-4-ene-3,6,17-trione) on serum hormone profiles and clinical safety markers in resistance-trained, eugonadal males"
482:
426:. Also, after a steroid cycle, the compound may be used to shorten the recovery from the testicular suppression that can be the result of the use of steroids.
493:
328:
443:
attenuated after a three-week washout period". This study did not utilize a control group and was funded in part by two producers of commercial 4-AT.
451:
312:
InChI=1S/C19H24O3/c1-18-7-5-11(20)9-15(18)16(21)10-12-13-3-4-17(22)19(13,2)8-6-14(12)18/h9,12-14H,3-8,10H2,1-2H3/t12-,13-,14-,18+,19-/m0/s1
284:
335:
661:
Hsueh AJ, Erickson GF (December 1978). "Glucocorticoid inhibition of FSH-induced estrogen production in cultured rat granulosa cells".
368:
that may increase the testosterone-estrogen ratio, but has no proven effect on body composition. Its use can be detected in urine.
454:(FDA) argues that marketing of 4-AT violates the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and as such products containing it are
465:
issued a warning that 4-AT had a health risk related to blood clotting and recommended all users immediately cease use.
759:"Health Canada warns consumers not to use the dietary supplements 6-OXO and 1-AD due to potential serious health risks"
792:
304:
87:
60:
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391:. Blocking aromatase causes the body to decrease in levels of estradiol, which then results in increase of
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20:
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8:
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Journal of
Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences
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that inhibits estrogen biosynthesis by permanently binding and inactivating aromatase in
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Rohle D, Wilborn C, Taylor L, Mulligan C, Kreider R, Willoughby D (October 2007).
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483:"The World Anti-Doping Code: The 2012 Prohibited List"
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level increases caused by aromatization during their
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774:
130:
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702:
700:
418:. This helps minimize side effects such as
201:
150:
27:
734:
724:
624:
170:
697:
292:O=C4\C1=C\C(=O)CC1(3CC2(C(=O)CC23C4)C)C
197:
775:
383:is responsible for the conversion of
105:1,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,15,16-decahydro-2
13:
14:
814:
452:U.S. Food and Drug Administration
109:-cyclopentaphenanthrene-3,6,17(14
230:
592:Journal of Steroid Biochemistry
317:Key:PJMNEPMSGCRSRC-IEVKOWOJSA-N
751:
654:
618:
582:
546:
510:
475:
371:4-AT is a potent irreversible
358:4-etioallocholen-3,6,17-trione
236:
224:
1:
568:10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.08.024
468:
675:10.1016/0039-128X(78)90074-0
604:10.1016/0022-4731(87)91028-4
7:
10:
819:
346:4-Androstene-3,6,17-trione
214:Chemical and physical data
21:4-Androstene-3,6,17-trione
520:Biomedical Chromatography
325:
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793:Bodybuilding supplements
490:World Anti-Doping Agency
450:dated July 7, 2006, the
70:World Anti-Doping Agency
640:10.1210/endo-108-4-1597
379:and peripheral tissue.
726:10.1186/1550-2783-4-13
366:nutritional supplement
458:by legal definition.
788:Aromatase inhibitors
410:users to counteract
798:Exercise physiology
432:dihydrotestosterone
373:aromatase inhibitor
352:; also marketed as
23:
448:FDA Warning Letter
395:and consequently,
19:
436:free testosterone
434:and the ratio of
343:
342:
271:Interactive image
183:CompTox Dashboard
103:)-10,13-dimethyl-
16:Chemical compound
810:
767:
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765:. June 18, 2008.
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634:(4): 1597–1599.
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492:. Archived from
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422:but can lead to
402:4-AT is used by
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329:(what is this?)
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669:(5): 639–648.
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628:Endocrinology
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499:on 2012-05-13
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36:Clinical data
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501:. Retrieved
494:the original
477:
460:
455:
445:
428:
420:gynecomastia
401:
397:testosterone
385:testosterone
370:
357:
353:
349:
345:
344:
333:
327:
110:
106:
100:
96:
61:Legal status
55:Legal status
783:Androstanes
456:adulterated
254: g·mol
79:Identifiers
803:Triketones
777:Categories
503:2012-07-17
469:References
408:prohormone
259:3D model (
247:Molar mass
172:L8L0381OBP
143:ChemSpider
123:CAS Number
88:IUPAC name
68:Banned by
461:In 2008,
440:estradiol
389:estradiol
381:Aromatase
132:2243-06-3
42:Routes of
745:17949492
691:23530490
663:Steroids
576:16213800
540:15828056
412:estrogen
336:(verify)
113:)-trione
49:By mouth
736:2100070
648:7472286
612:3657156
404:steroid
377:adipose
360:) is a
252:300.398
220:Formula
743:
733:
719:: 13.
689:
683:734698
681:
646:
610:
574:
538:
285:SMILES
152:133080
687:S2CID
497:(PDF)
486:(PDF)
446:In a
354:6-OXO
305:InChI
261:JSmol
741:PMID
679:PMID
644:PMID
608:PMID
572:PMID
536:PMID
424:acne
362:drug
350:4-AT
163:UNII
731:PMC
721:doi
671:doi
636:doi
632:108
600:doi
564:doi
560:828
528:doi
438:to
406:or
387:to
364:or
356:or
188:EPA
99:,13
95:(10
779::
761:.
739:.
729:.
715:.
711:.
699:^
685:.
677:.
667:32
665:.
642:.
630:.
606:.
596:28
594:.
570:.
558:.
534:.
524:19
522:.
488:.
393:LH
234:24
228:19
747:.
723::
717:4
693:.
673::
650:.
638::
614:.
602::
578:.
566::
542:.
530::
506:.
348:(
263:)
240:3
237:O
231:H
225:C
190:)
186:(
111:H
107:H
101:S
97:R
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
