40:
20:
124:. This in part due to the lack of ergonomic theory relating to how to identify key landmarks on the body morphology. The suitability of 3D body scanning is also context dependent as the measurements taken and the precision of the machine are highly relative to the task in hand rather than being an absolute. Additionally, a key limitation of 3D body scanning has been the upfront cost of the equipment and the required skills by which to collect data and apply it to scientific and technical fields. However, the utilization of depth cameras on recent smartphones helps reduce the cost of 3D scans. One example of this is the recent free face scan app available on the Apple App Store. For detailed investigation of the changes of the body dimensions a high speed (4D) scanning systems were developed by
256:
253:
59:, 3D depth sensing, stereoscopic vision and others for ergonomic and anthropometric investigation of the human form as a point-cloud. The technology and practice within research has found 3D body scanning measurement extraction methodologies to be comparable to traditional anthropometric measurement techniques.
162:
The standard scanning protocol, however, produces no measurements that fail to meet the precision of manual measurement methods or ISO 20685:2010 tolerances. But through consecutive scanning and a free algorithm called GRYPHON, 97.5% of measurements meet ISO 20685:2010; a precision increase of 327%.
158:
Although the process has been established for a considerable amount of time with international conferences held annually for industry and academics (e.g. the
International Conference and Exhibition on 3D Body Scanning Technologies), the protocol and process of how to scan individuals is yet to be
450:
243:", in D'Apuzzo, N. (Ed.), Proceedings of 3DBODY.TECH 2017 – 8th International Conference and Exhibition on 3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies, Montreal QC, Canada, 11–12 Oct. 2017, Hometrica Consulting – Dr. Nicola D'Apuzzo, Ascona, Switzerland, pp. 298–305.
159:
universally formalised. However, earlier research has proposed a standardised protocol of body scanning based on research and practice that demonstrates how non-standardised protocol and posture significantly influences body measurements; including the hip.
119:
However, despite the potential for the technology to have an impact in made-to-measure and mass customisation of items with ergonomic properties, 3D body scanning has yet to reach an early adopter or early majority stage of
801:
697:
Gill, Simeon; Hayes, S; Parker, Christopher J. (2016). "3D Body
Scanning: Towards Shared Protocols for Data Collection- Addressing the needs of the body scanning community for ensuring comparable data collection".
272:
Bougourd, J.P., Dekker, L., Grant Ross, P. and Ward, J.P. (2000), 'A Comparison of Women's Sizing by 3D Electronic
Scanning and Traditional Anthropometry', Journal of The Textile Institute, Vol. 91 No. 2, pp.
144:, but the analysis and application of this data seems to be challenging. Main worldwide events for scientific exchange in the area of 3D and 4D body scanning are the annual
916:
Proceedings of 3DBODY.TECH 2022 - 13th
International Conference and Exhibition on 3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies, Lugano, Switzerland, 25-26 October 2022
621:
Proceedings of 3DBODY.TECH 2022 - 13th
International Conference and Exhibition on 3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies, Lugano, Switzerland, 25-26 October 2022
506:
Proceedings of 3DBODY.TECH 2017 - 8th
International Conference and Exhibition on 3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies, Montreal QC, Canada, 11-12 Oct. 2017
469:
Proceedings of 3DBODY.TECH 2017 - 8th
International Conference and Exhibition on 3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies, Montreal QC, Canada, 11-12 Oct. 2017
467:
Gill, Simeon; Ahmed, Maryam; Parker, Christopher J.; Hayes, Steven G. (2017). "Not All Body
Scanning Measurements Are Valid: Perspectives from Pattern Practice".
750:
Mckinnon, L. and Istook, C. L. (2002), "Body scanning: The effects of subject respiration and foot positioning on the data integrity of scanned measurements",
191:
240:
687:
Chi, L. and Kennon, R. (2006), 'Body scanning of dynamic posture', International
Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, Vol. 18 No. 3, pp. 166–178.
132:). Scanning of moving humans with clothing at high resolution (usually 10–60 Hz) is technically possible, as reported multiple times by Chris
220:
344:
Stewart, A.; Ledingham, R.; Williams, H. (2017). "Variability in body size and shape of UK offshore workers: A cluster analysis approach".
322:
527:
39:
389:
Choi, S.; Ashdown, S. P. (2011). "3D body scan analysis of dimensional change in lower body measurements for active body positions".
508:. 3DBODY.TECH 2017 – 8th International Conference and Exhibition on 3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies. pp. 298–305.
471:. 3DBODY.TECH 2017 – 8th International Conference and Exhibition on 3D Body Scanning and Processing Technologies. pp. 43–52.
19:
912:"Method for Automatic Analysis of the Clothing Related Body Dimension Changes During Motion Using High-Speed (4D) Body Scanning"
617:"Method for Automatic Analysis of the Clothing Related Body Dimension Changes During Motion Using High-Speed (4D) Body Scanning"
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663:
726:
67:
While the technology is still developing in its application, the technology has regularly been applied in the areas of:
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521:
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449:. 5th International Conference and Exhibition on 3D Body Scanning Technologies. Lugano, Switzerland. pp. 55–65.
263:', Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, MCB UP Ltd, Vol. 7 No. 3, pp. 306–332.
254:
Body measurement techniques: Comparing 3D body-scanning and anthropometric methods for apparel applications
446:
The True Height of the Waist: Explorations of automated body scanner waist definitions of the TC2 scanner
56:
861:
Parker, Christopher J.; Gill, Simeon; Harwood, Adrian; Hayes, Steven G.; Ahmed, Maryam (19 May 2021).
549:
502:"3D Body Scanning has Suitable Reliability: An Anthropometric Investigation for Garment Construction"
766:"Scan posture definition and hip girth measurement: the impact on clothing design and body scanning"
573:
Proc. of 3DBODY.TECH 2021 - 12th Int. Conf. and Exh. on 3D Body
Scanning and Processing Technologies
968:
416:
Gill, S. (2015). "A review of research and innovation in garment sizing, prototyping and fitting".
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3D Body Scanning has Suitable Reliability: An Anthropometric Investigation for Garment Construction
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137:
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911:
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315:"The Naked Labs smart mirror scanned our nearly naked bodies and we don't know what to think"
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8:
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863:"A Method for Increasing 3D Body Scanning's Precision: Gryphon and Consecutive Scanning"
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Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop of Advanced Manufacturing and Automation
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Kyosev, Yordan; Tomanova, Vanda; Schmidt, Ann-Malin (25 October 2022).
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Kyosev, Yordan; Tomanova, Vanda; Schmidt, Ann-Malin (25 October 2022).
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Gill, S.; Parker, C. J.; Hayes, S.; Wren, P.; Panchenko, A. (2014).
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918:. Lugano, Switzerland: Hometrica Consulting - Dr. Nicola D'Apuzzo.
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35:
from 2D pictures of patrons taken at its Fantasitron photo booth.
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Parker, Christopher J.; Gill, Simeon; Hayes, Steven G. (2017).
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839:, Research IT, University of Manchester, UK, 21 October 2020,
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31:
using gypsum-based printing, from models reconstructed by
217: – Topic in computer science and language technology
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860:
550:"3D Face Scanner iOS App Collecting Data for Research"
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569:"4D Scanning of Clothed Humans - Preliminary Results"
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664:"The dynamic relation between humans and clothing"
55:is an application of various technologies such as
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239:Parker, C.J., Gill, S. and Hayes, S.G. (2017), "
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567:Kuehn, Tino; Kyosev, Yordan (19 October 2021).
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764:Gill, Simeon; Parker, Christopher J. (2017).
623:. Lugano, Switzerland: Hometrica Consulting.
128:and Instituto de Biomemechanics de Valencia (
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752:Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management
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77:Fashion design (e.g. garments, accessories)
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95:evaluation (i.e. for weight-loss purposes)
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148:and Clothing-Body-Interaction conference
252:Simmons, K.P. and Istook, C.L. (2003), '
115:Comparison of changes in body positions
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18:
456:from the original on 28 September 2018.
16:Measurment of the body as a point cloud
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804:from the original on 22 October 2020
732:from the original on 7 November 2017
662:O'Mahony, Marie (9 September 2021).
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880:10.1080/00140139.2021.1931473
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430:10.1080/00405167.2015.1023512
284:"List of Papers - 3DBST 2016"
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754:, Vol. 6 No. 2, pp. 103–121.
358:10.1016/j.apergo.2016.07.001
7:
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57:structured-light 3D scanner
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259:28 September 2018 at the
27:in 1:20 scale printed by
713:10.2991/iwama-16.2016.53
403:10.1177/0040517510377822
391:Textile Research Journal
668:Innovation in Textiles
288:www.3dbodyscanning.org
182:is equipment used for
146:3DBody.Tech Conference
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836:UoMResearchIT/Gryphon
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707:. pp. 281–284.
122:innovation diffusion
71:Adapted performance
215:Gesture recognition
105:3D body measurement
346:Applied Ergonomics
204:multi-camera setup
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935:978-3-033-09520-5
722:978-94-6252-243-5
640:978-3-033-09520-5
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154:Scanning protocol
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93:morphometric
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63:Applications
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313:Crist, Ry.
221:4D scanning
198:often with
192:reflectance
180:light stage
173:3D scanning
80:3D printed
979:Ergonomics
964:3D imaging
958:Categories
867:Ergonomics
770:Ergonomics
736:5 November
673:21 January
367:10059/1591
298:2 February
227:References
136:, Alfredo
110:Body shape
86:3D selfies
73:sportswear
944:252706138
889:0014-0139
649:252706138
599:245761193
138:Ballester
99:Ergonomic
82:figurines
45:Madurodam
33:Madurodam
29:Shapeways
25:3D selfie
897:34006206
841:archived
802:Archived
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790:27764997
727:Archived
534:30 April
528:Archived
451:Archived
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323:Archived
292:Archived
273:163–173.
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167:See also
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184:shape
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738:2017
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536:2018
518:ISBN
481:ISBN
372:PMID
331:2021
319:CNET
300:2017
194:and
140:and
134:Lane
126:3dMD
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