142:
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in Luanda province with the aim of vaccinating at least 80% of the population at risk of infection. The vaccine supply began to run low by late March, with the director of the CDC, Tom
Friedman, warning that "It's possible we could run out of vaccine." The goal of the vaccination campaign in Luanda province was to vaccinate 88 percent of the population (5 804 475 of 6 583 216); ProMED reported that the total national stock of yellow fever vaccine as of 29 Mar 2016 was 1 032 970 doses. As of 10 April 2016, almost 6 million people had been vaccinated in Luanda. On 19 April, the WHO reported that the campaign had been extended into the provinces of Huambo and Benguela where local transmission was reported. On 23 May, the WHO reported that 7.8 million people (91.1%) had been vaccinated in the three provinces. On 23 May, the WHO announced that coverage of an additional 2.7 million people in 5 provinces had reached 55% after 6 days of vaccination.
237:, about a 1000 kilometers south, and the provinces of BiΓ©, Benguela, Cunene, Cabinda, Hula, Huambo, Malange, Kwanza Sul, Uige, Zaire and Kwanza Norte. As of 9 March 2016, the WHO reported that there were 65 confirmed cases, 813 suspected cases, and 138 deaths in Angola. On 22 March, WHO reported that cases had occurred in 6 of the 18 provinces of Angola, and that transmission was ongoing. Suspected and confirmed cases totaled 1,132, with 375 cases laboratory confirmed and 168 deaths. The situation report of 28 October 2016 reported the most recent number of suspected cases and laboratory-confirmed cases; total deaths and
31:
360:), and particularly for countries in Asia, where until recently yellow fever has never appeared. Urban populations and mosquito-infested slums in Asia and Africa are much larger than in the past. A commentary and accompanying article published in May stressed the potential for spread to Asia by international air travel. Other parts of the world where yellow fever is present but usually in the quiescent jungle cycle, and where there is regular air travel, such as Brazil, may also be vulnerable. They stressed that
134:
483:
so food poisoning was initially suspected as the cause of the mystery illness. It was more than a month before blood samples from the
Eritreans reached the Pasteur Institute lab and yellow fever was recognized. Public health experts identified that as one factor that delayed the response to the outbreak, which came close to being a much larger disaster, if vaccine supplies had not been successfully raised in time, or the disease had spread to other countries and continents. The concurrent
463:, the capital of DR Congo, had been completed in record time and before the beginning of the rainy season in September when the mosquito population expands. The campaign required 10 million specialized syringes and training of 40,000 vaccinators, using the dose sparing strategy of 1/5 the usual dose. Later studies found that the one-fifth-dose vaccine was just as protective as the full dose, even 10 years after the vaccination.
225:, WHO Regional Director for Africa, stated: "The current battle against yellow fever in Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo is coming to a close, ... But the broader war against the disease is just getting started." ProMED-mail moderator Tom Yuill noted that maintaining vaccination coverage in the two countries will be the next challenge. Approximately 30 million people were vaccinated in the two countries.
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221:. On 31 August, the decision to not declare a PHEIC was re-confirmed. By 2 September 2016, WHO announced there had been no new cases in either Angola or DR Congo in over a month due to a massive vaccination campaign. On 25 November 2016, WHO announced that four months had passed without a new case. The last case in Angola was on 23 June and the last case in DR Congo was on 12 July. Dr
482:
In June 2016, a WHO representative in Luanda said that the initial investigation of the outbreak was thrown off course because the first cases in
December 2015βthe sick Eritrean visitorsβhad what were later identified as fake yellow fever vaccination certificates. All had been to the same restaurant,
434:
would have been insufficient to protect the millions of people that would need to be vaccinated to curb an epidemic. As an emergency measure, experts suggested the dose-sparing strategy to extend existing supplies of vaccine, which the WHO could provide under the
Emergency Use Assessment and Listing
271:
is of concern because of the large and densely packed population. As of 8 July, WHO was notified of 1798 suspected cases, with 68 confirmed cases (59 imported from Angola) and 85 deaths. In the WHO situation report of 23 September, the last confirmed non-sylvatic or urban case had symptom onset on 12
446:
On June 22, the WHO announced plans to launch a pre-emptive emergency vaccination campaign beginning in July in highly trafficked borders areas of Angola and DR Congo and in densely populated
Kinshasa. On 20 July, the DR Congo government launched a campaign to deliver 1 million doses of yellow fever
364:
have been exhausted in the vaccination campaign against the outbreak in Angola. If yellow fever spread to the 18 countries in Asia where the mosquito vector is present, more than 2 billion people would be at risk. They stated: "Apocalyptic forecasts of the numbers of fatalities from Ebola turned out
426:
including vector control and vaccination in Viana in the first week of
February. However, the minister reported that the government had enough vaccine for routine vaccination, but not enough to contain an outbreak. The WHO was supporting the Angolan government in immunization of 6.7 million people
261:
and the
Pasteur Institute in Dakar. Forty-six of the 52 cases were imported from Angola; 2 were classified as autochthonous. Local transmission was still ongoing in urban areas in Angola and DR Congo. WHO classified the outbreak in DR Congo as a Grade 2 Emergency. On 30 May, the
466:
In August it was reported that of the 6 million vaccine doses shipped by WHO to Angola in
February, one million doses went missing, resulting in shortages to fight the spreading epidemic in DR Congo. Vaccine and syringes might have been diverted for sale in private markets.
266:
announced the launch of a mass vaccination campaign in DR Congo, but as of 22 June, vaccine was in short supply. On 20 June, the health minister declared the outbreak of yellow fever in three provinces, including the capital of DR Congo, Kinshasa. Transmission within
335:
can become endemic in a new geographic area when local mosquitoes become infected by feeding on an imported case. Between 18 March and 22 April, the WHO was notified of 11 imported cases in China. Officials in Asia were concerned about the threat of yellow fever.
410:. The fake cards are sold to people who are required to have proof of vaccination after travel to areas where yellow fever is endemic. On 11 February 2016, the Pasteur Institute (WHO) in Senegal warned of fake yellow fever vaccine on the international market.
257:, some in a province that borders Angola. As of 31 May, 700 suspected cases and 63 deaths had been reported to WHO through the national surveillance system. As of 31 May, 52 cases were laboratory confirmed by the National Institute for Biomedical Research in
343:
by the
Chinese CDC. The strain closely matched a 1971 strain, indicating that the yellow fever virus may have been circulating in the region for at least 45 years. The finding was consistent with earlier phylogenetic analyses performed during the outbreak.
402:
that began in 2013, and the mission to Angola was its first deployment. The team included "emergency medical teams, public health and medical coordination experts, mobile biosafety laboratories, medical evacuation planes and logistical support teams".
245:, transmission had been reported in 12 provinces as of 28 October. Confirmed cases had been reported in 16 of 18 provinces. No new cases were reported during July. The WHO congratulated the Angolan government on its effort to contain the outbreak.
279:
was deployed into Uganda, where there was ongoing transmission unrelated to the Angola outbreak. According to WHO, cases had been exported from Angola to China, DR Congo, and Kenya, as of 4 May 2016. One case had been reported in
2590:
373:. Starting on 26 April, ProMED-mail issued a series of posts on pre-planning information for countries at risk of importation of yellow fever, covering vaccination, mosquito control, quarantine and personal protection measures.
299:
On 13 March 2016, the
Chinese government confirmed that a 32-year-old male Chinese citizen who had been in Angola had developed yellow fever on return. The case was the first imported yellow fever case in China in history.
2774:
1440:
173:, which can spread rapidly. A preliminary finding that the strain of the yellow fever virus was closely related to a strain identified in a 1971 outbreak in Angola was confirmed in August 2016. Moderators from
181:
classified the outbreak as Watch Level 2 (Practice Enhanced Precautions) on 7 April 2016. The WHO declared it a grade 2 event on its emergency response framework having moderate public health consequences.
2560:
533:
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1065:
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2620:
2706:
Monath, Thomas P; Woodall, Jack P; Gubler, Duane J; Yuill, Thomas M; Mackenzie, John S; Martins, Reinaldo M; Reiter, Paul; Heymann, David L (2016). "Yellow fever vaccine supply: a possible solution".
887:
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at airports to detect passengers with elevated body temperatures. A Chinese medical team deployed to Angola vaccinated 120 Chinese nationals as part of epidemic research. More than 250,000
213:, a ProMED mail consultant, wrote an open letter to Dr. Chan requesting that the WHO emergency committee be reconvened to consider a PHEIC because of the continued spread of the disease in
356:
and Tom Yuill issued a strongly worded warning on the threat of yellow fever for countries that have endemic dengue fever (and thus the mosquito vector of yellow fever and dengue fever,
2598:
1324:
4328:
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launched another campaign to vaccinate more than 14 million people in Angola and DR Congo. On 2 September, WHO announced that the campaign to vaccinate the 7.7 million residents of
2778:
369:
has exploded in the Western hemisphere, we can't count on it." CDC said they could not assist as much in the outbreak because all its experts were involved in efforts against the
206:
185:
At an emergency committee meeting in Geneva, Switzerland on 19 May 2016, the WHO declared that the outbreak was serious and might continue to spread, but decided not to declare a
4303:
387:
312:
warned that "spread could make the Ebola and Zika epidemics look like picnics in the park!" and that "international action should start now." Chinese authorities strengthened
1448:
141:
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In the situation report of 23 September, the WHO announced a second phase of the vaccination campaign in Angola and a planned pre-emptive vaccination campaign for the
4096:
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has never appeared in Asia even though the mosquito vector is present. Additional cases were later reported in people who first had symptoms while in Luanda.
2568:
537:
2490:
1147:
1073:
503:
3192:
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procedure. The WHO agreed to the recommendation in June 2016, authorizing one-fifth the usual dose during the ongoing outbreak in Angola and DR Congo, but
161:. The first cases (hemorrhagic fever suspected as being yellow fever) were reported in Eritrean visitors beginning on 5 December 2015 and confirmed by the
398:
to Angola on a two-week mission to help control the outbreak and assess the risk of further spread outside Angola. The medical corps was formed after the
209:
called for a scale-up in the response because of the lack of vaccine and other limitations amid the continuing spread of the outbreak. On 12 August 2016,
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1931:
Grobbelaar, Antoinette A.; Weyer, Jacqueline; Moolla, Naazneen; Vuren, Petrus Jansen van; Moises, Francisco; PawΔska, Janusz T. (2016).
4066:
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2329:"European Commission - PRESS RELEASES - Press release - EU launches new European Medical Corps to respond faster to emergencies"
4000:
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370:
366:
3725:
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on 9 May 2016, the Georgetown University Law Center called for the WHO to form an emergency committee to determine whether a
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3696:
2405:"Yellow fever - Africa (15): Angola, fake vaccine, SE Asia, WHO alert 2016-02-24 13:32:43 Archive Number: 20160224.4047041"
3755:
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with 7 deaths among Eritrean and Congolese citizens living in Angola in Viana municipality, a suburb of the capital of
4298:
4101:
4072:
3962:
3906:
3822:
1155:
939:"Second meeting of the Emergency Committee under the International Health Regulations (2005) concerning yellow fever"
511:
399:
339:
In June 2016, the genetic sequence of a virus from a yellow fever infected Chinese traveler to Angola was posted to
4214:
4018:
3888:
3852:
3840:
3743:
3666:
2827:"Mass vaccination campaign to protect millions against yellow fever in Angola and Democratic Republic of the Congo"
436:
254:
214:
71:
2190:
2164:"Yellow fever - countries with dengue: alert 2016-03-28 20:39:56 Archive Number: Archive Number: 20160328.4123983"
1362:
938:
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4042:
3986:
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1225:
276:
773:"Meeting of the Emergency Committee under the International Health Regulations (2005) concerning Yellow Fever"
3912:
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3430:
3073:
988:
448:
353:
309:
193:, director-general of WHO published a commentary on the bold action needed to prevent further spread of this
118:
2800:
2267:
Lucey, Daniel; Gostin, Lawrence O. (9 May 2016). "A yellow fever epidemic: A new global health emergency?".
3882:
3702:
3588:
3582:
3491:
780:
275:
On 17 March, two cases, including one death, were reported in Kenya, imported from Angola. On 28 March, a
1783:"Yellow fever - China (05) ex Angola 2016-03-25 17:56:49 Archive Number: Archive Number: 20160325.4119422"
327:
Province, in a woman who returned from Angola on 12 March. Fujian is within the predicted distribution of
4266:
4260:
4054:
4024:
3834:
3804:
3684:
3460:
803:
145:
Confirmed cases and deaths (cumulative) in the 2016 epidemic of yellow fever in Angola as of 21 July 2016
3175:
177:
stressed the importance of initiating a vaccination campaign immediately to prevent further spread. The
3846:
3515:
3485:
2535:"Yellow fever - Africa (34): Angola, WHO 2016-04-04 12:10:59 09:32:03 Archive Number 20160404.4137096"
3570:
3233:
888:"Red Cross calls for immediate scale-up in response to deadly yellow fever outbreak in Angola - IFRC"
419:
1103:
671:
Grobbelaar, AA; Weyer, J; Moolla, N; Jansen van Vuren, P; Moises, F; Paweska, JT (15 October 2016).
4238:
4220:
2079:
2030:
1862:
1556:
317:
2457:"Yellow fever - Africa (07): Angola (LU) RFI 2016-02-01 14:32:42 Archive Number: 20160201.3984228"
320:. On 8 April 2016, ten North Korean workers in Angola were reported to have died of yellow fever.
4288:
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4148:
4142:
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3442:
3424:
3248:
720:
332:
242:
198:
30:
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395:
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4130:
3708:
3215:
1125:
288:
218:
1906:
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Efforts to prevent international spread are confounded by the practice of selling falsified
287:
ProMED mail reported that as of 3 Aug 2016, 193 cases of yellow fever were suspected in the
3779:
3576:
3521:
3436:
1993:
865:
431:
2353:
8:
4012:
3642:
3407:
3360:
3354:
3147:
2852:"Millions protected in Africa's largest-ever emergency yellow fever vaccination campaign"
1712:
1040:"Yellow fever - Africa (16): Angola 2016-02-27 10:11:59 Archive Number: 20160227.4053826"
964:"Millions protected in Africa's largest-ever emergency yellow fever vaccination campaign"
620:"Yellow fever - Africa (16): Angola 2016-02-27 10:11:59 Archive Number: 20160227.4053826"
234:
2431:"Yellow fever - Africa (09): Angola 2016-02-08 09:32:03 Archive Number 20160208.4003005"
2328:
1997:
1757:
365:
to be wildly wrong, and we can hope that will again be the case here, but given the way
301:
170:
3993:
3900:
3648:
3479:
3448:
3241:
3049:
3024:
2731:
1957:
1932:
1614:
1579:
857:
697:
672:
238:
54:
2719:
1809:
1580:"Estimating the number of unvaccinated Chinese workers against yellow fever in Angola"
845:
423:
4250:
3731:
3396:
3333:
3054:
2994:
2723:
2284:
2119:
2111:
2060:
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2011:
1962:
1829:
1619:
1601:
849:
702:
471:
162:
2735:
861:
4232:
3366:
3321:
3272:
3044:
3036:
3016:
2715:
2591:"Angola extends yellow fever vaccination campaign to Huambo and Benguela provinces"
2276:
2101:
2091:
2042:
2001:
1952:
1944:
1821:
1642:
1609:
1591:
1478:
1299:
841:
692:
684:
222:
487:
drew attention away from a potentially far more serious epidemic of yellow fever.
3816:
3372:
3327:
3300:
3108:
3020:
1810:"Zika Virus Spreads to New Areas β Region of the Americas, May 2015βJanuary 2016"
1203:
210:
137:
Yellow fever cases by age group in Angola, from 5 December 2015 to 4 August 2016.
2682:"The world was running short of yellow fever vaccinesβand millions were at risk"
217:, the lack of sufficient vaccine, and concern that it may be spreading into the
3308:
3122:
2096:
2047:
391:
378:
1596:
133:
4282:
4226:
3378:
3193:"Fighting yellow fever in the Democratic Republic of the Congo β in pictures"
2990:"Yellow fever outbreak: Health officials to weigh declaring global emergency"
2775:"Launch of emergency vaccination campaigns on the DR Congo and Angola border"
2115:
2056:
1825:
1605:
357:
328:
263:
253:
On 22 March 2016, the WHO was notified of 21 deaths from yellow fever in the
190:
2929:"Amid worst yellow fever outbreak in decades, 1 million vaccines go missing"
2031:"Why is the yellow fever outbreak in Angola a 'threat to the entire world'?"
1204:"Angola: WHO Congratulates Angola On Its Commitment to Yellow Fever Control"
3058:
3040:
2727:
2288:
2280:
2123:
2064:
2015:
1966:
1948:
1833:
1661:"Yellow fever - China (03): ex Angola 2016-03-19 22:06:08 20160319.4106312"
1623:
853:
706:
688:
439:
still apply to travelers, who must obtain the full dose to quality for the
313:
154:
2242:"Yellow fever - pre-planning for at-risk countries (02): mosquito control"
77:
78 confirmed cases (57 imported from Angola, 8 sylvatic, 13 autochthonous)
4202:
3390:
2534:
2456:
2430:
2404:
2378:
2241:
2215:
2163:
1782:
1734:
1686:
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1526:
1500:
1414:
1281:
1177:
1039:
1013:
912:
746:
645:
619:
440:
407:
305:
174:
1713:"Guangdong strengthens monitoring of body temperature on passengers (2)"
169:, Senegal in January. The outbreak was classified as an urban cycle of
3767:
3615:
3025:"Yellow Fever-More a Policy and Planning Problem than a Biological One"
2106:
1735:"Yellow fever - Africa (32): Angola 2016-03-29 20:31:42 Archive Number"
1687:"Yellow fever - China: ex Angola, 1st case in Asia 2016-03-13 16:14:53"
1646:
1527:"Yellow fever - China: ex Angola, 1st case in Asia 2016-03-13 16:14:53"
3263:
2801:"Democratic Republic of Congo launches yellow fever vaccination drive"
670:
2006:
1981:
4122:
3268:
3264:
2078:
Wasserman, Sean; Tambyah, Paul Anantharajah; Lim, Poh Lian (2016).
460:
268:
258:
92:
2750:"Lower doses of yellow fever vaccine could be used in emergencies"
2561:"Situation Report: Yellow fever outbreak in Angola, 10 April 2016"
1885:"Yellow Fever: Southeast Asia's next great outbreak? | GovInsider"
1501:"Yellow fever - Africa (92): WHO, Angola, Congo DR, letter to WHO"
1178:"Yellow fever - Africa (92): WHO, Angola, Congo DR, letter to WHO"
913:"Yellow fever - Africa (92): WHO, Angola, Congo DR, letter to WHO"
590:"Situation report: Yellow fever outbreak in Angola, 14 March 2016"
534:"Situation Report: Yellow fever outbreak in Angola, 5 August 2016"
2303:"EU sends new medical corps team to Angola yellow fever outbreak"
1415:"Yellow fever - Africa (24): Kenya ex Angola 2016-03-18 18:40:36"
447:
vaccine over 10 days. In August, the WHO with partners including
340:
281:
3074:"Yellow Fever Epidemic in Africa Shows Gaps in Vaccine Pipeline"
2651:"Situation Report: Yellow fever outbreak in Angola, 23 May 2016"
2621:"Situation Report: Yellow fever outbreak in Angola, 23 May 2016"
331:, the mosquito that transmits the yellow fever virus to humans.
207:
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
3131:
456:
388:
European Commissioner for Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection
324:
158:
150:
44:
2191:"Yellow Fever Outbreak in Angola Strains Health Organizations"
1126:"Angola grapples with worst yellow fever outbreak in 30 years"
2513:"Yellow fever vaccine shortage as outbreak in Angola spreads"
1300:"Congo almost runs out of yellow fever vaccine amid epidemic"
347:
166:
104:
3116:
2216:"Yellow fever - pre-planning for at-risk countries: vaccine"
430:
If the epidemic were to spread, particularly into Asia, the
291:, with 4 cases having tested positive for yellow fever IgM.
233:
By early February, suspected cases were being reported from
3132:"Supercourse: Epidemiology, the Internet and Global Health"
2878:"Study affirms fractional dosing with yellow fever vaccine"
1808:
Hennessey, Morgan; Fischer, Marc; Staples, J. Erin (2016).
86:
121 deaths among suspected cases (case fatality rate, 4.0%)
80:
16 deaths among confirmed cases (case fatality rate, 21.1%)
63:
377 deaths among suspected cases (case fatality rate, 8.7%)
2483:"Angola immunizes 6.7 million people against yellow fever"
1930:
1441:"Yellow fever β Uganda - WHO | Regional Office for Africa"
1066:"Angola immunizes 6.7 million people against yellow fever"
422:(WHO), the Angolan Ministry of Health began a campaign of
248:
4329:
Disease outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2138:"Opinion: Who's Afraid of Yellow Fever? Why We Should Be"
2705:
2902:"UN bungles response to Africa's yellow fever outbreak"
1807:
804:"W.H.O. Calls Yellow Fever in Africa 'Serious Concern'"
4304:
2016 disasters in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2354:"Mobile labs deliver faster yellow fever test results"
1820:(3). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: 1β4.
1758:"N. Korean workers die of yellow fever in Angola: RFA"
1325:"A yellow fever epidemic has broken out in the Congo"
830:"Yellow fever: the resurgence of a forgotten disease"
3098:
2080:"Yellow fever cases in Asia: primed for an epidemic"
1014:"Yellow fever - Africa (110): Angola, Congo DR, WHO"
2077:
1282:"Yellow fever - Africa (59): DR Congo, vaccination"
1577:
2959:"Yellow fever situation report 23 September 2016"
2379:"Yellow fever - Africa (06): Nigeria, fake cards"
1933:"Resurgence of Yellow Fever in Angola, 2015β2016"
1385:"Yellow fever situation report 23 September 2016"
1252:"Yellow fever β Democratic Republic of the Congo"
673:"Resurgence of Yellow Fever in Angola, 2015-2016"
294:
4280:
1571:
1288:. International Society for Infectious Diseases.
384:public health emergency of international concern
241:, with suspected and confirmed cases. Local, or
187:public health emergency of international concern
3015:
2541:. International Society for Infectious Diseases
2463:. International Society for Infectious Diseases
2437:. International Society for Infectious Diseases
2411:. International Society for Infectious Diseases
2385:. International Society for Infectious Diseases
2248:. International Society for Infectious Diseases
2222:. International Society for Infectious Diseases
2170:. International Society for Infectious Diseases
1789:. International Society for Infectious Diseases
1737:. International Society for Infectious Diseases
1693:. International Society for Infectious Diseases
1667:. International Society for Infectious Diseases
1533:. International Society for Infectious Diseases
1507:. International Society for Infectious Diseases
1421:. International Society for Infectious Diseases
1184:. International Society for Infectious Diseases
1046:. International Society for Infectious Diseases
1020:. International Society for Infectious Diseases
919:. International Society for Infectious Diseases
753:. International Society for Infectious Diseases
652:. International Society for Infectious Diseases
626:. International Society for Infectious Diseases
504:"Yellow fever situation report 28 October 2016"
1578:Wilder-Smith, A.; Massad, E. (17 April 2018).
95:cases are not considered part of the outbreak.
23:2016 Angola and DR Congo yellow fever outbreak
4254:
3249:
4294:2016 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2084:International Journal of Infectious Diseases
2035:International Journal of Infectious Diseases
2028:
1355:"Yellow fever situation report 15 July 2016"
727:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
560:"Yellow fever situation report 21 July 2016"
18:
2856:World Health Organization. 2 September 2016
2489:. World Health Organization. Archived from
2266:
1814:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
1636:
1555:. World Health Organization. Archived from
1102:. World Health Organization. Archived from
1072:. World Health Organization. Archived from
968:World Health Organization. 2 September 2016
477:
149:On 20 January 2016, the health minister of
3256:
3242:
3190:
1982:"Fears rise over yellow fever's next move"
362:world stocks of 7 million doses of vaccine
348:Potential for further international spread
3437:"Cocoliztli" epidemics in colonial Mexico
3072:McNeil, Donald G. Jr. (5 December 2016).
3048:
2875:
2105:
2095:
2046:
2005:
1956:
1613:
1595:
747:"Yellow fever - Africa (40): Angola, WHO"
696:
453:International Federation of the Red Cross
323:On 25 March 2016, a case was reported in
140:
132:
2679:
413:
249:Spread to neighboring African countries
228:
4281:
3168:"Timeline: Yellow fever outbreak 2016"
3071:
2189:McNeil, Donald G. Jr. (4 April 2016).
2188:
1979:
1755:
1226:"Congo Records 21 Yellow Fever Deaths"
989:"Winning the war against yellow fever"
801:
394:announced plans to send a team of the
3504:Great Plague in the late Ming dynasty
3237:
3212:"Resetting the yellow fever strategy"
2987:
2926:
2680:Merelli, Annalisa (4 November 2015).
802:McNeil, Donald G. Jr. (19 May 2016).
408:yellow fever vaccination certificates
205:in previous centuries. On 8 June the
1715:. Xinhua/Liu Dawei. 16 February 2016
827:
646:"Yellow fever - Africa (18): Angola"
352:On 28 March, ProMED-mail moderators
3191:Wohlwender, Mark (26 August 2016).
2876:Soucheray, Stephanie (2018-11-26).
2029:Woodall, J.P.; Yuill, T.M. (2016).
386:should be declared. On 12 May, the
371:Zika virus outbreak in the Americas
13:
2988:Times, Los Angeles (18 May 2016).
1756:Herald, The Korea (8 April 2016).
1100:Emergencies preparedness, response
199:historically significant epidemics
53:121 deaths among confirmed cases (
14:
4340:
3094:
2927:Times, Los Angeles (2016-08-04).
1232:. Associated Press. 12 April 2016
4209:encephalitis lethargica epidemic
3115:
3101:
1980:Butler, Declan (14 April 2016).
437:international health regulations
318:Chinese nationals live in Angola
255:Democratic Republic of the Congo
215:Democratic Republic of the Congo
163:Pasteur WHO reference laboratory
29:
3987:Gorakhpur Japanese encephalitis
3284:List of epidemics and pandemics
3065:
3009:
2981:
2951:
2920:
2894:
2869:
2844:
2819:
2793:
2767:
2742:
2699:
2673:
2643:
2613:
2583:
2553:
2527:
2505:
2475:
2449:
2423:
2397:
2371:
2346:
2321:
2295:
2260:
2234:
2208:
2182:
2156:
2130:
2071:
2022:
1973:
1924:
1899:
1877:
1847:
1801:
1775:
1749:
1727:
1705:
1679:
1653:
1630:
1545:
1519:
1493:
1463:
1433:
1407:
1377:
1347:
1317:
1292:
1274:
1244:
1218:
1196:
1170:
1148:"Yellow fever situation report"
1140:
1118:
1088:
1058:
1032:
1006:
981:
956:
931:
905:
880:
821:
795:
765:
295:Spread to China via air travel
2487:WHO Regional Office for Africa
1907:"Yellow fever virus in Angola"
1070:WHO Regional Office for Africa
739:
713:
664:
638:
612:
582:
552:
526:
496:
195:important communicable disease
1:
3312:
2720:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30195-7
1641:. World Health Organization.
846:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30620-1
490:
400:Ebola outbreak in West Africa
3029:Emerging Infectious Diseases
2904:. 2016-08-05. Archived from
1937:Emerging Infectious Diseases
1637:Vainio, J; Cutts, F (1998).
677:Emerging Infectious Diseases
7:
4324:Disease outbreaks in Angola
1128:. World Health Organization
10:
4345:
4097:2024 Latin American dengue
3877:Western African meningitis
3691:Pacific Northwest smallpox
3154:. University of Pittsburgh
3134:. University of Pittsburgh
2097:10.1016/j.ijid.2016.04.025
2048:10.1016/j.ijid.2016.05.001
441:certificate of vaccination
16:Disease outbreak in Africa
4121:
3797:
3718:
3703:Buenos Aires yellow fever
3623:
3614:
3601:Philadelphia yellow fever
3571:Great Plague of Marseille
3565:Great Northern War plague
3559:Iceland smallpox epidemic
3551:
3472:
3417:
3406:
3343:
3299:
3292:
3279:
3172:World Health Organization
2963:World Health Organization
2831:World Health Organization
2754:World Health Organization
2358:World Health Organization
1859:World Health Organization
1597:10.1186/s12879-018-3084-y
1475:World Health Organization
1389:World Health Organization
1359:World Health Organization
1256:World Health Organization
1206:. Allafrica. 17 July 2016
1152:World Health Organization
993:World Health Organization
943:World Health Organization
777:World Health Organization
564:World Health Organization
508:World Health Organization
420:World Health Organization
171:yellow fever transmission
4299:2016 disasters in Angola
4267:Mpox (clade Ib) epidemic
4261:Mpox (clade II) outbreak
4221:Seventh cholera pandemic
1826:10.15585/mmwr.mm6503e1er
721:"Yellow Fever in Angola"
478:Response to the epidemic
449:Médecins sans Frontières
432:global supply of vaccine
4179:Fourth cholera pandemic
4161:Second cholera pandemic
4007:Γquateur province Ebola
3595:North American smallpox
3510:Great Plague of Seville
1584:BMC Infectious Diseases
1096:"Yellow Fever β Angola"
828:Chan, Margaret (2016).
333:Mosquito-borne diseases
235:southern Huila province
4319:21st-century epidemics
4309:2016 disease outbreaks
4197:Sixth cholera pandemic
4185:Fifth cholera pandemic
4167:Third cholera pandemic
4155:First cholera pandemic
4137:Second plague pandemic
3697:Barcelona yellow fever
3542:Great Plague of Vienna
3528:Great Plague of London
3498:Massachusetts smallpox
3148:"YELLOW FEVER in ASIA"
3041:10.3201/eid2210.160875
2281:10.1001/jama.2016.6606
1949:10.3201/eid2210.160818
1855:"Yellow Fever β China"
1553:"Yellow Fever β China"
689:10.3201/eid2210.160818
396:European Medical Corps
146:
138:
38:As of 28 October 2016
4173:Third plague pandemic
4131:First plague pandemic
3925:Western African Ebola
3835:Chikungunya outbreaks
3787:Malaysian Nipah virus
3655:Great Plains smallpox
3218:on September 17, 2016
2969:on September 24, 2016
1395:on September 24, 2016
289:Republic of the Congo
219:Republic of the Congo
189:(PHEIC). On 30 May,
153:reported 23 cases of
144:
136:
4233:Russian flu pandemic
3975:Angolan yellow fever
3726:San Francisco plague
3679:Broad Street cholera
3577:Great Plague of 1738
2714:(10028): 1599β1600.
2515:. CNN. 25 March 2016
1158:on December 19, 2016
514:on December 19, 2016
414:Vaccination campaign
229:Spread within Angola
83:2987 suspected cases
60:4347 suspected cases
4139:(1348β19th century)
4067:New Zealand measles
3895:Darfur yellow fever
3738:LA pneumonic plague
3355:Plague of Justinian
1998:2016Natur.532..155B
1762:www.koreaherald.com
424:preventive measures
418:With help from the
277:rapid response team
239:case fatality rates
50:884 confirmed cases
4149:Influenza pandemic
4143:Influenza pandemic
4091:Bangsamoro measles
4073:Singaporean dengue
4037:Pacific NW measles
4031:Philippine measles
4019:Madagascar measles
4001:Kerala Nipah virus
3994:Saudi Arabian MERS
3907:Singaporean dengue
3853:Zimbabwean cholera
3823:Singaporean dengue
3667:Copenhagen cholera
3649:Groningen epidemic
3443:Influenza pandemic
3425:Influenza pandemic
3078:The New York Times
2246:www.promedmail.org
2220:www.promedmail.org
2195:The New York Times
1505:www.promedmail.org
1286:www.promedmail.org
1182:www.promedmail.org
1018:www.promedmail.org
917:www.promedmail.org
808:The New York Times
147:
139:
125:11 confirmed cases
55:case fatality rate
4276:
4275:
4117:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4049:Kuala Koh measles
3963:South Korean MERS
3951:Polio declaration
3939:Madagascar plague
3871:Gujarat hepatitis
3859:Madagascar plague
3811:Midwest monkeypox
3762:Yugoslav smallpox
3732:Manchurian plague
3673:Stockholm cholera
3610:
3609:
3397:Sweating sickness
3385:Japanese smallpox
3334:Plague of Cyprian
3273:disease outbreaks
2995:Los Angeles Times
2933:Los Angeles Times
2601:on April 20, 2016
2493:on March 18, 2016
1992:(7598): 155β156.
1865:on April 23, 2016
1335:on August 9, 2016
1106:on March 26, 2016
1076:on March 18, 2016
840:(10034): 2165β6.
725:Traveler's Health
683:(10): 1854β1855.
540:on 15 August 2016
472:Republic of Congo
376:In an article in
197:that caused many
131:
130:
110:2 confirmed cases
4336:
4256:
4043:New York measles
3997:
3957:Indian swine flu
3945:Odisha hepatitis
3935:
3889:Pakistani dengue
3841:Pakistani dengue
3790:
3756:WrocΕaw smallpox
3709:Hong Kong plague
3643:Caragea's plague
3621:
3620:
3538:
3431:Mexican smallpox
3415:
3414:
3367:Plague of Sheroe
3322:Plague of Athens
3317:
3314:
3297:
3296:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3235:
3234:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3214:. Archived from
3207:
3205:
3203:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3178:on June 18, 2016
3174:. Archived from
3163:
3161:
3159:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3125:
3120:
3119:
3111:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3052:
3023:(October 2016).
3013:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2965:. Archived from
2955:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2935:. Archived from
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2908:on 6 August 2016
2898:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2781:on June 24, 2016
2777:. Archived from
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2657:. Archived from
2655:www.afro.who.int
2647:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2627:. Archived from
2625:www.afro.who.int
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2597:. Archived from
2595:www.afro.who.int
2587:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2571:on 15 April 2016
2567:. Archived from
2565:www.afro.who.int
2557:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2109:
2099:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2050:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2009:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1960:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1861:. Archived from
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1617:
1599:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1559:on April 2, 2016
1549:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1477:. Archived from
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1447:. Archived from
1445:www.afro.who.int
1437:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1391:. Archived from
1381:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1365:on July 16, 2016
1361:. Archived from
1351:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1331:. Archived from
1329:Business Insider
1321:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1258:. Archived from
1248:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1154:. Archived from
1144:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1001:
999:
985:
979:
978:
976:
974:
960:
954:
953:
951:
949:
935:
929:
928:
926:
924:
909:
903:
902:
900:
898:
884:
878:
877:
875:
873:
864:. Archived from
825:
819:
818:
816:
814:
799:
793:
792:
790:
788:
779:. Archived from
769:
763:
762:
760:
758:
743:
737:
736:
734:
732:
717:
711:
710:
700:
668:
662:
661:
659:
657:
642:
636:
635:
633:
631:
616:
610:
609:
607:
605:
596:. Archived from
594:www.afro.who.int
586:
580:
579:
577:
575:
570:on July 22, 2016
566:. Archived from
556:
550:
549:
547:
545:
536:. Archived from
530:
524:
523:
521:
519:
510:. Archived from
500:
223:Matshidiso Moeti
96:
33:
19:
4344:
4343:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4333:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4109:
3992:
3930:
3913:Swansea measles
3865:Bolivian dengue
3793:
3785:
3774:Indian smallpox
3744:Croydon typhoid
3714:
3606:
3547:
3533:
3468:
3409:
3402:
3373:Plague of Amwas
3346:
3339:
3328:Antonine Plague
3315:
3288:
3275:
3262:
3231:
3221:
3219:
3210:
3201:
3199:
3181:
3179:
3166:
3157:
3155:
3146:
3137:
3135:
3130:
3121:
3114:
3109:Medicine portal
3107:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3092:
3082:
3080:
3070:
3066:
3035:(10): 1859β60.
3014:
3010:
3000:
2998:
2986:
2982:
2972:
2970:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2942:
2940:
2925:
2921:
2911:
2909:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2886:
2884:
2874:
2870:
2860:
2858:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2835:
2833:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2810:
2808:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2784:
2782:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2758:
2756:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2704:
2700:
2690:
2688:
2678:
2674:
2664:
2662:
2661:on 17 June 2016
2649:
2648:
2644:
2634:
2632:
2631:on 17 June 2016
2619:
2618:
2614:
2604:
2602:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2574:
2572:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2544:
2542:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2518:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2466:
2464:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2440:
2438:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2414:
2412:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2388:
2386:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2362:
2360:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2337:
2335:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2312:
2310:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2265:
2261:
2251:
2249:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2225:
2223:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2199:
2197:
2187:
2183:
2173:
2171:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2147:
2145:
2144:. 22 April 2016
2136:
2135:
2131:
2076:
2072:
2027:
2023:
2007:10.1038/532155a
1978:
1974:
1929:
1925:
1916:
1914:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1868:
1866:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1838:
1836:
1806:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1766:
1764:
1754:
1750:
1740:
1738:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1718:
1716:
1711:
1710:
1706:
1696:
1694:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1670:
1668:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1635:
1631:
1576:
1572:
1562:
1560:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1536:
1534:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1510:
1508:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1484:
1482:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1454:
1452:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1424:
1422:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1398:
1396:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1368:
1366:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1338:
1336:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1262:on June 3, 2016
1250:
1249:
1245:
1235:
1233:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1209:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1187:
1185:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1161:
1159:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1131:
1129:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1109:
1107:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1079:
1077:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1049:
1047:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1023:
1021:
1012:
1011:
1007:
997:
995:
987:
986:
982:
972:
970:
962:
961:
957:
947:
945:
937:
936:
932:
922:
920:
911:
910:
906:
896:
894:
886:
885:
881:
871:
869:
868:on May 31, 2016
826:
822:
812:
810:
800:
796:
786:
784:
783:on May 20, 2016
771:
770:
766:
756:
754:
745:
744:
740:
730:
728:
719:
718:
714:
669:
665:
655:
653:
644:
643:
639:
629:
627:
618:
617:
613:
603:
601:
600:on 7 April 2016
588:
587:
583:
573:
571:
558:
557:
553:
543:
541:
532:
531:
527:
517:
515:
502:
501:
497:
493:
480:
416:
350:
314:thermal imaging
297:
251:
231:
211:Daniel R. Lucey
91:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4342:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4289:2016 in Angola
4274:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4264:
4258:
4248:
4242:
4241:(1981βpresent)
4236:
4230:
4224:
4218:
4212:
4206:
4200:
4194:
4188:
4182:
4176:
4170:
4164:
4158:
4152:
4146:
4140:
4134:
4127:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4094:
4093:(2023βpresent)
4088:
4085:Jamaica dengue
4082:
4076:
4070:
4064:
4058:
4052:
4046:
4040:
4034:
4028:
4022:
4016:
4010:
4004:
3998:
3990:
3984:
3981:Yemeni cholera
3978:
3972:
3966:
3960:
3954:
3948:
3942:
3936:
3932:DR Congo Ebola
3928:
3922:
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3694:
3688:
3682:
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3646:
3640:
3637:Maltese plague
3634:
3631:Ottoman plague
3627:
3625:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3598:
3592:
3589:Persian Plague
3586:
3583:Russian plague
3580:
3574:
3568:
3562:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3539:
3535:Maltese plague
3531:
3525:
3519:
3516:Maltese plague
3513:
3507:
3501:
3495:
3492:Italian plague
3489:
3486:Maltese plague
3483:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3458:
3455:Maltese plague
3452:
3446:
3440:
3434:
3428:
3421:
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3412:
3404:
3403:
3401:
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3394:
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3364:
3358:
3351:
3349:
3341:
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3338:
3337:
3331:
3325:
3319:
3309:Hittite plague
3305:
3303:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3261:
3260:
3253:
3246:
3238:
3229:
3228:
3208:
3188:
3164:
3144:
3127:
3126:
3123:Viruses portal
3112:
3096:
3095:External links
3093:
3091:
3090:
3064:
3008:
2980:
2950:
2919:
2893:
2868:
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2818:
2807:. 20 July 2016
2792:
2766:
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2698:
2672:
2642:
2612:
2582:
2552:
2526:
2504:
2474:
2448:
2422:
2396:
2370:
2345:
2320:
2294:
2275:(24): 2661β2.
2259:
2233:
2207:
2181:
2155:
2129:
2070:
2021:
1972:
1943:(10): 1854β5.
1923:
1898:
1876:
1846:
1800:
1774:
1748:
1726:
1704:
1678:
1652:
1629:
1570:
1544:
1518:
1492:
1481:on May 1, 2016
1471:"Yellow fever"
1462:
1432:
1406:
1376:
1346:
1316:
1304:news.trust.org
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1273:
1243:
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820:
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611:
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494:
492:
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392:European Union
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40:
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15:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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4307:
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4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4268:
4265:
4262:
4259:
4253:(2019βpresent
4252:
4249:
4246:
4243:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4228:
4227:Hong Kong flu
4225:
4222:
4219:
4216:
4213:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4198:
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4192:
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4086:
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4077:
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4068:
4065:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4055:Tonga measles
4053:
4050:
4047:
4044:
4041:
4038:
4035:
4032:
4029:
4026:
4025:Samoa measles
4023:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4005:
4002:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3988:
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3914:
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3908:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3883:Haiti cholera
3881:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3847:Iraqi cholera
3845:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3829:Indian dengue
3827:
3824:
3821:
3818:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3788:
3784:
3781:
3778:
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3769:
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3763:
3760:
3757:
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3736:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3685:Guam smallpox
3683:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3668:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3650:
3647:
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3557:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3543:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3522:Naples Plague
3520:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3480:London plague
3478:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3465:
3462:
3461:London plague
3459:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3449:London plague
3447:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3405:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3379:Plague of 664
3377:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3342:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3291:
3285:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3259:
3254:
3252:
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3245:
3240:
3239:
3236:
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3217:
3213:
3209:
3198:
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3189:
3177:
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3149:
3145:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3124:
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3110:
3099:
3079:
3075:
3068:
3060:
3056:
3051:
3046:
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3034:
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3026:
3022:
3018:
3012:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2984:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2954:
2939:on 2021-10-06
2938:
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2652:
2646:
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2309:. 12 May 2016
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2282:
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2237:
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2211:
2196:
2192:
2185:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2143:
2142:The Rio Times
2139:
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2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
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2103:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2074:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2025:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1927:
1912:
1908:
1902:
1887:. 4 July 2016
1886:
1880:
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1860:
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1831:
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1714:
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1692:
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1666:
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1656:
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1640:
1633:
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1621:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1574:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1451:on 8 May 2016
1450:
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485:Zika outbreak
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358:Aedes aegypti
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329:Aedes aegypti
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264:GAVI Alliance
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243:autochthonous
240:
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191:Margaret Chan
188:
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143:
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122:(not on map)
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42:
41:
37:
36:
32:
28:
27:
24:
21:
20:
4314:Yellow fever
4079:Uganda Ebola
3974:
3798:21st century
3780:Surat plague
3750:NYC smallpox
3719:20th century
3624:19th century
3552:18th century
3473:17th century
3439:(1545, 1576)
3418:16th century
3361:Roman Plague
3330:(165β180 AD)
3324:(429β426 BC)
3271:and notable
3230:
3222:18 September
3220:. Retrieved
3216:the original
3200:. Retrieved
3197:The Guardian
3196:
3180:. Retrieved
3176:the original
3171:
3156:. Retrieved
3151:
3136:. Retrieved
3081:. Retrieved
3077:
3067:
3032:
3028:
3017:Calisher, CH
3011:
2999:. Retrieved
2993:
2983:
2973:25 September
2971:. Retrieved
2967:the original
2962:
2953:
2941:. Retrieved
2937:the original
2932:
2922:
2910:. Retrieved
2906:the original
2896:
2885:. Retrieved
2881:
2871:
2859:. Retrieved
2855:
2846:
2834:. Retrieved
2830:
2821:
2809:. Retrieved
2804:
2795:
2783:. Retrieved
2779:the original
2769:
2757:. Retrieved
2753:
2744:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2689:. Retrieved
2685:
2675:
2663:. Retrieved
2659:the original
2654:
2645:
2633:. Retrieved
2629:the original
2624:
2615:
2603:. Retrieved
2599:the original
2594:
2585:
2573:. Retrieved
2569:the original
2564:
2555:
2543:. Retrieved
2538:
2529:
2517:. Retrieved
2507:
2495:. Retrieved
2491:the original
2486:
2477:
2465:. Retrieved
2461:Pro-MED-mail
2460:
2451:
2439:. Retrieved
2434:
2425:
2413:. Retrieved
2409:Pro-MED-mail
2408:
2399:
2387:. Retrieved
2382:
2373:
2361:. Retrieved
2357:
2348:
2336:. Retrieved
2332:
2323:
2311:. Retrieved
2307:EurActiv.com
2306:
2297:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2250:. Retrieved
2245:
2236:
2224:. Retrieved
2219:
2210:
2198:. Retrieved
2194:
2184:
2172:. Retrieved
2167:
2158:
2146:. Retrieved
2141:
2132:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2038:
2034:
2024:
1989:
1985:
1975:
1940:
1936:
1926:
1915:. Retrieved
1913:. 2016-06-13
1910:
1901:
1889:. Retrieved
1879:
1867:. Retrieved
1863:the original
1858:
1849:
1837:. Retrieved
1817:
1813:
1803:
1791:. Retrieved
1786:
1777:
1765:. Retrieved
1761:
1751:
1739:. Retrieved
1729:
1717:. Retrieved
1707:
1695:. Retrieved
1690:
1681:
1669:. Retrieved
1664:
1655:
1639:Yellow Fever
1638:
1632:
1587:
1583:
1573:
1561:. Retrieved
1557:the original
1547:
1535:. Retrieved
1530:
1521:
1509:. Retrieved
1504:
1495:
1483:. Retrieved
1479:the original
1474:
1465:
1453:. Retrieved
1449:the original
1444:
1435:
1423:. Retrieved
1418:
1409:
1399:25 September
1397:. Retrieved
1393:the original
1388:
1379:
1367:. Retrieved
1363:the original
1358:
1349:
1337:. Retrieved
1333:the original
1328:
1319:
1307:. Retrieved
1303:
1294:
1285:
1276:
1264:. Retrieved
1260:the original
1255:
1246:
1234:. Retrieved
1229:
1220:
1208:. Retrieved
1198:
1186:. Retrieved
1181:
1172:
1160:. Retrieved
1156:the original
1151:
1142:
1130:. Retrieved
1120:
1108:. Retrieved
1104:the original
1099:
1090:
1078:. Retrieved
1074:the original
1069:
1060:
1048:. Retrieved
1044:Pro-MED-mail
1043:
1034:
1022:. Retrieved
1017:
1008:
996:. Retrieved
992:
983:
971:. Retrieved
967:
958:
946:. Retrieved
942:
933:
921:. Retrieved
916:
907:
895:. Retrieved
892:www.ifrc.org
891:
882:
870:. Retrieved
866:the original
837:
833:
823:
811:. Retrieved
807:
797:
785:. Retrieved
781:the original
776:
767:
755:. Retrieved
751:Pro-MED-mail
750:
741:
729:. Retrieved
724:
715:
680:
676:
666:
654:. Retrieved
650:Pro-MED-mail
649:
640:
628:. Retrieved
624:Pro-MED-mail
623:
614:
602:. Retrieved
598:the original
593:
584:
572:. Retrieved
568:the original
563:
554:
542:. Retrieved
538:the original
528:
516:. Retrieved
512:the original
507:
498:
481:
469:
465:
445:
429:
417:
405:
377:
375:
354:Jack Woodall
351:
338:
322:
310:Jack Woodall
302:Yellow fever
298:
286:
274:
252:
232:
184:
155:yellow fever
148:
117:
103:
89:
70:
43:
22:
4269:(2023β2024)
4263:(2022β2023)
4247:(2009β2010)
4235:(1977β1979)
4229:(1968β1970)
4223:(1961β1975)
4217:(1957β1958)
4211:(1919β1930)
4205:(1918β1920)
4203:Spanish flu
4199:(1899β1923)
4193:(1889β1890)
4191:Russian flu
4187:(1881β1896)
4181:(1863β1879)
4175:(1855β1860)
4169:(1852β1860)
4163:(1829β1851)
4157:(1816β1826)
4151:(1557β1559)
4081:(2022β2023)
4069:(2019β2020)
4063:(2019β2020)
4061:DRC measles
4015:(2018β2020)
3983:(2016β2022)
3971:(2015β2016)
3927:(2013β2016)
3921:(2013β2014)
3919:Chikungunya
3885:(2010β2019)
3879:(2009β2010)
3861:(2008β2017)
3855:(2008β2009)
3819:(2003β2005)
3807:(2002β2004)
3789:(1998β1999)
3770:(1972β1973)
3734:(1910β1911)
3728:(1900β1904)
3693:(1862β1863)
3663:(1847β1848)
3657:(1837β1838)
3639:(1813β1814)
3633:(1812β1819)
3603:(1793β1798)
3597:(1780β1782)
3585:(1770β1772)
3573:(1720β1722)
3567:(1710β1712)
3561:(1707β1708)
3537:(1675β1676)
3530:(1665β1666)
3512:(1647β1652)
3506:(1633β1644)
3494:(1629β1631)
3463:(1592β1593)
3457:(1592β1593)
3451:(1563β1564)
3445:(1557β1559)
3399:(1485β1551)
3393:(1346β1353)
3391:Black Death
3316: 1330
3152:Supercourse
3021:Woodall, JP
2882:CIDRAP News
2861:3 September
2539:ProMED-mail
2435:ProMED-mail
2383:ProMED-mail
2168:ProMED-mail
2107:10220/47081
1911:Virological
1787:ProMED-mail
1691:ProMED-mail
1665:ProMED-mail
1647:10665/64455
1531:ProMED-mail
1419:ProMED-mail
1162:17 December
1024:28 November
998:28 November
973:3 September
948:1 September
306:ProMED-mail
201:that took
175:ProMED-mail
4283:Categories
4013:Kivu Ebola
3768:London flu
3083:7 December
2887:2022-06-08
2708:The Lancet
2090:: 98β103.
1917:2020-01-12
1590:(1): 185.
518:8 December
491:References
308:moderator
203:many lives
4245:Swine flu
4215:Asian flu
4133:(541β767)
4102:Argentina
3387:(735β737)
3381:(664β689)
3375:(638β639)
3369:(627β628)
3357:(541β542)
3347:classical
3336:(250β266)
3269:epidemics
3265:Pandemics
3202:28 August
2943:15 August
2836:20 August
2363:15 August
2333:europa.eu
2116:1201-9712
2057:1201-9712
2041:: 96β97.
1606:1471-2334
1511:15 August
1188:15 August
923:15 August
544:15 August
4251:COVID-19
4239:HIV/AIDS
3817:Bird flu
3158:29 March
3138:29 March
3059:27479749
2912:5 August
2736:13106004
2728:27116054
2691:17 April
2605:21 April
2575:15 April
2519:29 March
2497:17 March
2467:17 March
2441:17 March
2415:17 March
2389:17 March
2289:27158803
2252:27 April
2226:26 April
2174:29 March
2148:24 April
2124:27156836
2065:27163382
2016:27075072
1967:27536787
1839:26 March
1834:26820163
1793:17 March
1767:10 April
1741:30 March
1719:20 March
1697:17 March
1671:19 March
1624:29665797
1563:30 March
1537:19 March
1425:17 March
1230:CTV News
1132:25 March
1110:23 March
1080:17 March
1050:17 March
862:41390168
854:27229187
757:15 April
707:27536787
656:15 April
630:17 March
461:Kinshasa
269:Kinshasa
259:Kinshasa
93:Sylvatic
72:DR Congo
57:, 13.7%)
3301:Ancient
3182:15 June
3050:5038394
3001:12 June
2811:21 July
2805:Reuters
2785:25 June
2759:19 June
2545:5 April
2200:7 April
1994:Bibcode
1958:5038398
1615:5905133
1369:17 July
1339:22 June
1309:30 June
1236:6 April
1210:17 July
897:12 June
731:8 April
698:5038398
604:5 April
574:23 July
390:of the
341:GenBank
282:Namibia
4145:(1510)
4123:Global
4104:(2024)
4087:(2023)
4075:(2020)
4057:(2019)
4051:(2019)
4045:(2019)
4039:(2019)
4033:(2019)
4027:(2019)
4021:(2018)
4009:(2018)
4003:(2018)
3996:(2018)
3989:(2017)
3977:(2016)
3965:(2015)
3959:(2015)
3953:(2014)
3947:(2014)
3941:(2014)
3934:(2014)
3915:(2013)
3909:(2013)
3903:(2012)
3897:(2012)
3891:(2011)
3873:(2009)
3867:(2009)
3849:(2007)
3843:(2006)
3837:(2006)
3831:(2006)
3825:(2005)
3813:(2003)
3782:(1994)
3776:(1974)
3764:(1972)
3758:(1963)
3752:(1947)
3746:(1937)
3740:(1924)
3711:(1894)
3705:(1871)
3699:(1870)
3687:(1856)
3681:(1854)
3675:(1853)
3669:(1853)
3661:Typhus
3651:(1829)
3645:(1813)
3616:Modern
3591:(1772)
3579:(1738)
3544:(1679)
3524:(1656)
3518:(1655)
3500:(1633)
3488:(1623)
3482:(1603)
3433:(1520)
3427:(1510)
3410:modern
3057:
3047:
2734:
2726:
2686:Quartz
2665:28 May
2635:28 May
2338:13 May
2313:13 May
2287:
2122:
2114:
2063:
2055:
2014:
1986:Nature
1965:
1955:
1891:4 July
1832:
1622:
1612:
1604:
1266:4 June
872:4 June
860:
852:
834:Lancet
813:19 May
787:19 May
705:
695:
457:UNICEF
325:Fujian
272:July.
159:Luanda
151:Angola
45:Angola
3408:Early
3363:(590)
3345:Post-
3293:Local
2732:S2CID
1869:1 May
1485:8 May
1455:8 May
858:S2CID
167:Dakar
119:China
105:Kenya
3969:Zika
3901:MERS
3805:SARS
3224:2016
3204:2016
3184:2016
3160:2016
3140:2016
3085:2016
3055:PMID
3003:2016
2975:2016
2945:2016
2914:2016
2863:2016
2838:2016
2813:2016
2787:2016
2761:2016
2724:PMID
2693:2016
2667:2016
2637:2016
2607:2016
2577:2016
2547:2016
2521:2016
2499:2016
2469:2016
2443:2016
2417:2016
2391:2016
2365:2016
2340:2016
2315:2016
2285:PMID
2269:JAMA
2254:2016
2228:2016
2202:2016
2176:2016
2150:2016
2120:PMID
2112:ISSN
2061:PMID
2053:ISSN
2012:PMID
1963:PMID
1893:2016
1871:2016
1841:2016
1830:PMID
1795:2016
1769:2016
1743:2016
1721:2016
1699:2016
1673:2016
1620:PMID
1602:ISSN
1565:2016
1539:2016
1513:2016
1487:2016
1457:2016
1427:2016
1401:2016
1371:2016
1341:2016
1311:2016
1268:2016
1238:2020
1212:2016
1190:2016
1164:2016
1134:2016
1112:2016
1082:2016
1052:2016
1026:2016
1000:2016
975:2016
950:2016
925:2016
899:2016
874:2016
850:PMID
815:2016
789:2016
759:2016
733:2016
703:PMID
658:2016
632:2016
606:2016
576:2016
546:2016
520:2016
455:and
379:JAMA
367:Zika
3318:BC)
3045:PMC
3037:doi
2716:doi
2712:387
2277:doi
2273:315
2102:hdl
2092:doi
2043:doi
2002:doi
1990:532
1953:PMC
1945:doi
1822:doi
1643:hdl
1610:PMC
1592:doi
842:doi
838:387
693:PMC
685:doi
179:CDC
165:in
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