831:
346:
1100:
716:
777:
988:
304:
3411:
607:). If the president vetoed any of these bills, the President of the Chamber of Deputies, Eduardo Cunha, would entertain an impeachment request against her. These bills were used as instruments of blackmail. The proposed spending increases voted by Congress occurred at the same time the government intended to make cuts to achieve the fiscal target for the year. In a scenario of an economy in crisis, this hindered the rebalancing of public accounts by increasing state expenses and making the economic adjustments proposed by Dilma unviable.
676:
148:
1053:
630:
affect the progress itself, but they also required Temer to allocate many resources to maintain his allied base cohesive. The total amount of funds released in 2017 for parliamentary amendments (a legal mechanism used for political negotiations) increased from 959 million to 1.5 billion reais just in June, the month following the JBS scandal. All the corruption scandals involving the Temer government, combined with the unpopular reform proposals, caused Temer's approval rating, according to CNI/
559:
5283:
118:
3354:
461:
comparisons. Then, she confirms this diagnosis through an econometric analysis of panel data with a sample of 14 emerging countries. In fact, the results indicate that only 30% of the
Brazilian deceleration can be explained by external factors. Based on this, Silvia Matos concludes that factors specific to our economy are the most relevant in explaining the worsening performance of the Brazilian economy
1137:), the 1981 crisis lasted nine economic quarters, reached its peak in the first quarter of 1983 and, since then, took seven quarters for the GDP the reach its pre-crisis level. Later, the 1989-1992 crisis lasted 11 quarters and the recovery time was the same: seven quarters. This crisis, however, had a lower intensity, with an accumulated decrease in the GDP of 7.7%.
654:, published in March 2021, indicated that about 4.4 million jobs were lost in the country from 2014 to 2017 as a result of Operation Car Wash. Of these, 1.1 million were in the construction sector. During the same period, the sector recorded a negative balance between hirings and dismissals of 991,734 formal positions. According to a study published in 2018 by the
236:
31:
445:
this unfavorable external scenario revealed structural weaknesses in the country, such as low productivity. Between June and
December 2014, the commodity price index published by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) experienced a cumulative decline of 29.3%, which continued to increase until it was interrupted in January 2016.
658:, since the beginning of 2014, the construction industry experienced 14 quarters of negative results, with a negative impact of 0.9 percentage points per quarter. The study also pointed out that the sector was a limiting factor to the recovery trajectory of industrial GDP and economic activity in aggregate terms.
362:.) These measures further deepened the crisis because, according to Carvalho, there was a decrease in public investments. Additionally, the sharp adjustment of administered prices and the significant depreciation of the currency led to soaring inflation, reaching over 10%. This increase, in turn, caused the
2193:
Brazil, my friends, is currently going through its worst economic crisis. There are 11 million unemployed, double-digit inflation, a deficit of nearly R$ 100 billion, recession, and also a serious chaotic situation in public health. Our biggest challenge is to stop the free fall in economic activity,
815:
According to an Ibre researcher, Daniel Duque, the recovery of the job market benefited the most qualified and experienced, reinforcing inequality. Many underqualified people gave up trying to get a job, and the loss of hope was at a " record high, and it helps to explain why, even after the decrease
748:
Regardless of
Mantega's statements, specialists had already spotted signs that a strong recession was well underway, citing the technical recession and later, the small growth of 0.5% at the end of 2014. The expectations were confirmed in the next year when the economy shrunk by 3.5%. In 2016, there
353:
In an attempt to reverse the deterioration in public accounts due to falling revenue, a fiscal adjustment was implemented in 2014, which included highly recessive policies (i.e., aimed at reducing expenses and increasing taxes). These policies mainly involved cutting public expenses and investments,
452:
magazine also stated that the immediate causes of the crisis were external, and that the decline in commodity prices partly explained the crisis. The publication also argued that then-president Dilma
Rousseff could have made better use of the commodity boom of the 2000s to reduce the bloated state,
444:
According to Steven Tobin from the
International Labour Organization (ILO) Research Department, the decrease in external demand, especially from China, combined with the fall in commodity prices in the second half of 2014, were factors that contributed to the crisis. However, Tobin also stated that
270:
The exhaustion of the NEM due to the loss of the government's financial capacity reduced several investments in the
Brazilian economy from 2015 onward, with the sharp reduction in Petrobras' investment being a notable example. The ensuing fiscal sustainability crisis raised country risk, long-term
217:
by a narrow margin. The result was not recognized by a section of the opposition and provoked popular discontent. Due to the disputed legitimacy of the election, the
Operation Car Wash investigation, and the economic crisis; dissatisfaction with the government became widespread. By 2015, Rousseff's
91:
During the economic crisis, high unemployment rates were reported throughout the country, and there was widespread uncertainty regarding Brazil's economic future following a series of political scandals. In the first quarter of 2017, Brazil's GDP rose by 1%. This was the first GDP increase to occur
1090:
said that the country had left the "greatest recession of the century." However, economists say that the growth characterizes only the end of the "technical recession" and that it is still too early to claim that the crisis is over, given that unemployment remains high and there's still widespread
661:
Some consultancies estimated that the economic contraction caused by
Operation Car Wash would be around 1% to 1.5% of the GDP per year. The direct and indirect effects of Operation Car Wash on the country's economy may have caused, according to a projection by the consulting firm Go Associados for
1140:
In turn, Brazil's GDP after the 2014 crisis was expected to reach the pre-crisis level in 2022, according to an optimistic estimate, with 20 quarters of recovery in total. When taking into account both GDP and the employment rate, the recovery from this economic crisis would be measured as taking
637:
Therefore, Dilma's impeachment and the beginning of the Temer government were not able to halt the political crisis or the economic crisis. The persistence of the political crisis continued to hinder economic recovery because the scandals affect the markets, especially those subject to short-term
460:
Silvia Matos shows through a comparative analysis that, although other economies have also experienced a growth reduction in recent years, the
Brazilian deceleration was more intense. This occurred even when compared to Latin American countries, which form a natural control group for performance
440:
An external cause identified was the slowdown of the
Chinese economy, Brazil's largest trading partner. This slowdown led to a sharp drop in commodity prices, which are the basis of Brazilian exports. As a result, Brazil's trade surplus plummeted and some exporting companies, such as Usiminas and
325:
titled "an agreement for the Brazilian industry" reaffirmed the importance of that economic policy of the Lula government but criticized the shrinking share of the national industry in GDP and the substitution of domestic production with imported industrial products. The article was signed, among
896:
report shows an even higher number . In 2016 80,000 Brazilians emigrated legally to one of the member states of the OECD, whereas 99,000 did so in 2017. Similarly, data from Receita Federal shows that the number of people leaving Brazil increased in consecutive years since the beginning of the
629:
However, early in his government, Temer became involved in controversies due to his ministers who were being investigated in the scope of Operation Car Wash, as well as himself. The scandals affected the progress of the government's proposed reforms aimed at economic recovery. Not only did they
341:
Dilma, an economics graduate from an industrialist school, agreed with the demands. Therefore, the new economic matrix was a set of measures to benefit the industrial sector, aiming to reduce the costs of national companies and increase competitiveness against foreign competition. However, the
271:
interest rates, and uncertainty, substantially reducing consumption and investment in 2015 and 2016. The reestablishment of prices and the necessary monetary policy to bring inflation back to target also contributed to the recession, mainly due to the loss of credibility of the Central Bank.
881:
We're talking about qualified people. The profile of the immigrant is no longer that of the poor individual looking for better opportunities. They are high executives, who are abandoning their careers to open a business abroad, people with Ph.D., which is sad because the country is losing
82:, which negatively affected Brazil's exports and reduced the entrance of foreign capital into the economy. However, the most important cause was internal, which is associated with economic measures that didn't achieve the expected results. Adopted in 2011, these measures are known as the
768:(US$ 1.7 billion) in the first three months of 2016, the widest reported since December 2001. The two-year fiscal deterioration can be explained by the decrease in government revenue from taxes as a result of the recession, while government expenses have been growing constantly.
687:
rate hovered around 6.8% for most of 2014, but began increasing in February 2015, resulting in a 2015 average of 8.5%. The economy lost more than 1.5 million jobs throughout 2015, fueling public discontent against the political establishment and the political leadership of the
546:
in Spain, Brazil experienced major protests in 2013, the largest since the demonstrations for the impeachment of Fernando Collor in 1992. The protesters initially challenged increases in public transportation fares but later questioned the hosting of FIFA mega-events
441:
Vale, suffered heavy losses. According to Roberto Dumas, a professor at Insper, the government made a strategic mistake during the commodity supercycle by stimulating consumption instead of prioritizing industrialization and improving productive capacity.
366:
to rise successively until reaching 14.25% per year. The fiscal adjustment was not successful even in its main objective, which was to achieve a surplus in public accounts, as the recession in which the country found itself reduced government revenues.
811:
In seven years, the accumulated wealth of the top 10% rose by 8.5%, while that of the 40% poorest dropped 14%. The research showed that people with lower incomes suffered the effects of the crisis more intensely and recovered from the crisis slower.
730:. According to some Brazilian economists, a technical recession is negative economic growth for two consecutive quarters. It is different from an actual recession, in which the situation of the country depreciates significantly. Finance Minister,
651:
626:. Even though he was acting president but behaving as if he were the definitive president, Temer established his government plan and made "stopping the free fall in economic activity" a priority in his first speech as president.
699:
Young people were affected most by the worsening job market. While the overall unemployment rate was 12.7% in the first quarter of 2019, the rate in people from 14 to 17 years was 44.5% and 27.3% for people from 18 to 24 years.
555:) and political corruption. In response, the federal government announced measures to try to address the protesters' demands and the National Congress of Brazil passed a series of concessions, known as the "positive agenda."
1130:(IBGE), the economy shrank by 8.2% in the period, in contrast to the 8.5% in the 1981 recession. Despite the relative mildness, the crisis was prolonged, being followed by the slowest economic recovery in Brazilian history.
331:
662:
2015, a contraction of more than 140 billion reais in the country's economy. According to a study by consultancy Tendências, the recession could be three times smaller without the impacts of the operation on the economy.
1122:, Russia's GDP fell by only 4% in two years (2015 and 2016). Few other countries in this period were going through a recession, which reinforces the argument that the crisis in Brazil was mainly due to local causes.
5239:
1125:
In comparison to other crises in Brazil, it was verified that the 2014 crisis was not the deepest recession of Brazilian history, as previously thought. After the GDP values for 2015 and 2016 were reviewed by the
5253:
314:
Previously, the state had played a crucial role in expanding the domestic market through consumer incentives, such as raising the minimum wage, income transfers, and credit expansion. However, by the end of the
5246:
2919:
639:
696:. The unemployment rate continued to rise throughout 2016 to finish the year at 12.0%, with 12.3 million people unemployed and an estimated 2.8 million private-sector jobs cut over the preceding two years.
5195:
1977:
342:
industry did not react. Industrial production, which had grown by 2.7% in 2010, declined by 0.9% and 3.7% in the following two years, damaging government revenue and, consequently, public investments.
6636:
6680:
4169:
1039:
One year after the labor reform was approved, however, it was verified that the decrease in unemployment was minimal, while the contracts of intermittent, outsourced and temporary labor increased.
2206:
6606:
703:
Experts expressed concern for the unintended economic and social repercussions for Brazil's younger population, as the economic crisis decreased social security contributions and depreciated
260:
6666:
2174:
5209:
2148:
5130:
600:, in the most fiercely contested presidential race in the country's history at that time. The election was also marked by turmoil and controversies, mainly due to Operation Car Wash.
5314:
1011:
655:
96:
announced that Brazil had "emerged from the greatest crisis of the century". However, the rise in GDP marked only the end of a technical recession, not the end of the crisis. The
6659:
610:
In December 2015, after the PT voted for the impeachment of Eduardo Cunha (who was involved in corruption scandals), he accepted an impeachment request against Dilma for alleged
738:
we're talking about two trimesters , and we know that the economy is in motion. Recession is when there are rising unemployment and decreasing income. Here we have the opposite.
1086:
In June 2017, a 1% rise in GDP in the first quarter of the year was reported. It was the first rise of the GDP after eight consecutive falls (two years). Minister of Finance
5563:
5556:
1959:
1006:'s subsequent rise to power, several measures, most of which are unpopular, were implemented or proposed to get the economy back on track. The most important of which were:
159:, particularly iron ore, petroleum and soy. From the late 1990s till 2012, prices for these export commodities rose significantly (partly because of increasing demand from
5370:
2861:
1119:
495:
5479:
1819:
1368:
6215:
638:
speculative movements, such as the stock market and the foreign exchange market, which are the first to react. Although Temer survived, his image was damaged. Several
5342:
3151:
3097:
310:, Minister of Finance during the first Dilma government. In July 2012, Mantega admitted for the first time that the government practiced a new "macroeconomic matrix".
84:
5640:
3215:
611:
507:
5377:
5356:
5328:
2123:
1303:
603:
In this context of political crisis, the Congress began to vote on measures that could generate more expenses for the government. These were called "bills bombs" (
6257:
6229:
3070:
2072:
842:
The number of declarations of definitive departure from the country began to grow in the first year of crisis and has increased steadily ever since, according to
6643:
5307:
3280:
3124:
1937:
5500:
6622:
6145:
5682:
3440:
2293:
6250:
5668:
2991:
2097:
6450:
6416:
5349:
3043:
1468:
250:
6222:
3201:
4404:
3342:
2266:
749:
was another sharp decrease of 3.3%. In the first trimester of 2017, the GDP rose for the first time after eight consecutive trimesters of negative growth.
631:
6292:
1859:
1277:
6629:
6271:
5384:
2473:
858:, which, due to low unemployment and aging populations among other reasons, needed a boost to decrease the age of the workforce. Another destination was
17:
5717:
3258:
2754:
2499:
1236:
6903:
6194:
4939:
6896:
5703:
3243:
1021:, which allows companies to hire outsourced employees to work on primary activities, and not just secondary activities (such as security or cleaning);
6409:
5654:
5486:
5430:
4924:
1083:
In early 2017, there were already signals that the economy was beginning to recover, however, it was agreed that the process would be long and slow.
316:
6818:
6809:
6777:
6187:
5724:
5514:
5465:
4901:
2630:
2549:
6871:
6827:
6243:
1885:
1184:
456:
Silvia Matos, a researcher at the Brazilian Institute of Economics (FGV), concluded that external factors were responsible for 30% of the crisis.
453:
which consumed 36% of GDP in taxes. Instead, the government chose to guarantee subsidized loans and costly tax incentives for favored industries.
6888:
6879:
6785:
6285:
6278:
6201:
6180:
6173:
5458:
5363:
1717:
1209:
1127:
6920:
6836:
6714:
2318:
1014:(a.k.a. "new fiscal regime"): Constitutional amendment which established a "ceiling" (upper limit) to government spending for the next 20 years;
6928:
6464:
6374:
6340:
6264:
6208:
5588:
5073:
3320:
2344:
6911:
6845:
6299:
5004:
4886:
4825:
4788:
4622:
2890:
2835:
2806:
2701:
2607:
6792:
6747:
5038:
4946:
4485:
2780:
363:
6854:
2945:
2582:
1692:
6863:
6800:
6754:
4870:
4730:
4629:
3550:
245:
in January 2016 ("Brazil's fall: Dilma Rousseff and the disastrous year ahead"), highlighting the negative aspect of the then-president
64:(GDP) fell by 3.5% in 2015 and 3.3% in 2016, after which a small economic recovery began. That recovery continued until 2020, when the
2031:
5661:
5202:
4737:
4580:
4213:
2968:
2675:
1141:
longer. In addition to the sluggish recovery, the new jobs will likely be of lower quality, including informal and autonomous labor.
3177:
4894:
4811:
4781:
4664:
4657:
4601:
4594:
4462:
4151:
3335:
2366:
2009:
1591:
6695:
4968:
4587:
3840:
3761:
1419:
358:(PAC). The adjustment continued throughout 2015. In that year, there was a sharp reduction in administered prices. (See section
6767:
4774:
4678:
4643:
4500:
4338:
3833:
2393:
201:
The economic crisis was followed and intensified by a political crisis. In 2014, a series of corruption scandals uncovered by
4455:
4368:
4117:
4109:
2727:
1352:
566:
3229:
6940:
3479:
719:
Change in GDP from 2010 to 2016 in Brazil. Growth slowed significantly in 2014 which was followed by two consecutive drops.
2232:
1911:
6984:
6979:
4803:
4072:
3328:
830:
6969:
6022:
4832:
1110:
In countries with similar size and wealth, there were a few, but less severe crises in the same period. In 2015, among
171:'s left-wing presidency from 2003 to 2010, the government redistributed wealth through welfare programs and raised the
3288:
580:
investigation began, revealing a vast corruption scheme involving the political class and parties. The re-election of
278:
6959:
4961:
4767:
4419:
4286:
4036:
2648:
1492:
1150:
478:
319:, there was a growing perception that this strategy would be unsustainable. On May 26, 2011, an article published in
5153:
2073:"Saiba o que são as 'pautas-bomba' nas mãos do Congresso contra o governo - 05/08/2015 - Mercado - Folha de S.Paulo"
5109:
5031:
4206:
3818:
3458:
2524:
1397:
789:
593:
521:
376:
210:
79:
3312:
Geraldo Magela; Edriano Abreu; Isabel Cristina Leite; Viviane Silva Gonzaga (2021). "Capítulo 8: Nova República".
6075:
5596:
5066:
4608:
4382:
3869:
3465:
3392:
589:
517:
3350:
1991:
1759:
1134:
793:
345:
4760:
4671:
4573:
3543:
1091:
uncertainty regarding the future of the economy, especially in the aftermath of the recent political scandals.
542:
3017:
1794:
1512:
1444:
6673:
6599:
4997:
4932:
4636:
4507:
4448:
4301:
3472:
3399:
2567:
503:
335:
266:
A 2017 academic study on the subject arrived at the following conclusion regarding the origin of the crisis:
72:
5174:
5167:
5059:
4699:
4543:
4536:
4493:
4441:
4375:
3973:
1783:
IMF (Primary Commodities Price Index). Data extracted from the book "A Valsa Brasileira" (see bibliography)
995:
776:
548:
263:, the main cause of the crisis was internal and related to "local macroeconomic measures that went wrong."
5786:
168:
6152:
5910:
5024:
4855:
4847:
4521:
4514:
4434:
4361:
4353:
4345:
4323:
3722:
2446:
2420:
1029:
355:
65:
56:
6110:
5089:
4839:
4744:
4550:
4228:
3991:
3426:
1978:"Dilma diz que receberá líderes de protestos e propõe pacto para melhorar transporte, educação e saúde"
1155:
1025:
689:
585:
101:
2920:"Cresce número de brasileiros que decidem viver no exterior; países oferecem oportunidades de emprego"
1550:
1213:
584:
a few months later exacerbated the political crisis. Running for a second term as a candidate for the
6704:
5181:
4954:
4878:
4650:
4133:
3536:
3433:
1018:
843:
835:
808:
in society from 0 to 1, had increased year after year since 2015 and reached its peak in March 2019.
5423:
4125:
6728:
5793:
5581:
4615:
4278:
4250:
4087:
615:
1420:"Na disputa mais acirrada da história, Dilma é reeleita presidente do Brasil - 26/10/2014 - Poder"
1118:
went through a recession. Even after the economic sanctions imposed by other countries due to the
6964:
5931:
4990:
4908:
4412:
4315:
3916:
715:
513:
5868:
5673:
5493:
205:
engulfed many influential politicians. In the presidential election of the same year, President
6592:
6381:
6319:
5604:
4983:
4685:
4080:
3931:
3924:
3876:
3862:
3578:
3358:
1960:"Contra a Fifa e serviço de ônibus, 12 mil manifestantes fecham a praça Sete em Belo Horizonte"
1262:
905:
This is a table of the credit ratings of the Brazilian economy according to Trading Economics.
764:
sapped tax collection while expenses grew further." The government deficit reached 5.8 billion
61:
5811:
5521:
6652:
6536:
5938:
5611:
4915:
4308:
4162:
3825:
3807:
3734:
3713:
1642:
675:
527:
6494:
5966:
6001:
5696:
5262:
5146:
4862:
4692:
4236:
3848:
3753:
3745:
3657:
2207:"Lava-Jato: read the full text of Sérgio Machado's plea bargain that mentions Michel Temer"
1099:
193:. These policies are widely acknowledged as a major factor in the 2014–16 economic crisis.
122:
6236:
6138:
5882:
5875:
760:
which, according to Bloomberg, was "the largest-ever primary budget gap ... as a two-year
8:
6974:
6471:
5528:
5416:
4818:
4528:
4426:
4331:
4191:
4043:
3961:
3795:
3620:
3504:
3410:
3152:"Governo desiste da votação da Previdência e anuncia nova pauta prioritária no Congresso"
1304:"Estagnação, recessão ou depressão? PIB confirma retomada mais fraca das últimas décadas"
805:
552:
179:
5924:
1066:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
6721:
6501:
6117:
6057:
5137:
5047:
3701:
3497:
1564:
1087:
991:
862:, which conceded Portuguese citizenship to 8,000 Brazilians only in 2016, according to
825:
761:
722:(Note: The values for 2015 and 2016 were later revised to 3,5% and 3,3%, respectively.)
577:
536:
499:
202:
93:
75:. These events combined caused mass popular dissatisfaction with the political system.
6036:
797:
6402:
6089:
5160:
3787:
3770:
3671:
2194:
which has led to increased unemployment and the loss of well-being of the population.
1711:
1572:
1348:
1160:
987:
474:
303:
6082:
5987:
2862:"Desigualdade de renda no Brasil atinge o maior patamar já registrado, diz FGV/IBRE"
1559:
1538:
1405:
866:. Besides the crisis, another reason for the emigration were the elevated levels of
650:
Operation Car Wash mainly affected the construction and oil sectors. A study by the
6522:
5994:
5321:
5227:
4752:
4267:
4262:
3678:
3650:
3627:
3559:
2500:"Without Operation Car Wash, recession could be 3 times smaller, say consultancies"
1554:
873:
According to a JBJ Partners employee (a company specialized in expatriation to the
801:
781:
679:
The unemployment rate from 2012 to 2017. Each vertical line corresponds to a month.
623:
321:
6124:
5896:
3018:"Imigração de brasileiros para países da OCDE subiu 24%, o terceiro maior aumento"
2992:"Com a crise, dispara a quantidade de brasileiros que desistem de viver no Brasil"
235:
30:
6443:
6388:
6360:
6326:
6096:
6029:
4712:
4562:
4397:
4243:
4199:
4098:
3599:
3125:"Com flexibilização de vários pontos da CLT, reforma trabalhista divide opiniões"
1342:
867:
468:
164:
5903:
3259:"PIB positivo é 'saída técnica' da recessão, mas recuperação é incerta; entenda"
3071:"Temer elogia aprovação da PEC do Teto e minimiza menor número de votos a favor"
2474:"Impact of Operation Car Wash on GDP could exceed 140 billion reais, says study"
2149:"Temer: "I don't behave as if I were interim, I behave as if I were definitive""
2124:"Dilma will be removed from office for up to 180 days; Temer assumes presidency"
1860:"Causas imediatas da crise econômica brasileira são externas, diz The Economist"
1237:"PIB positivo é 'saída técnica' da recessão, mas recuperação é incerta; entenda"
182:
stance, his successor, Dilma Rousseff (president during the crisis), introduced
78:
The cause of the crisis was the aforementioned political crisis, as well as the
6543:
6529:
6131:
6103:
5945:
5825:
5779:
5647:
5549:
5437:
5080:
4477:
4389:
4294:
3664:
3643:
3516:
3367:
1165:
765:
757:
693:
581:
562:
256:
206:
183:
71:
The economic crisis occurred alongside a political crisis that resulted in the
6557:
6515:
6436:
6395:
6333:
6043:
5980:
5850:
1640:
618:
removed her from the presidency for 180 days. Immediately, her vice-president
597:
214:
147:
6953:
6457:
6008:
5917:
5889:
5472:
5398:
4140:
4065:
4058:
4051:
4029:
4013:
4005:
3998:
3984:
3954:
3947:
3940:
3898:
3891:
3884:
3855:
3694:
3687:
3613:
3585:
2010:"Na disputa mais acirrada da história, Dilma é reeleita presidente do Brasil"
1820:"Crise internacional e problemas internos são causas do desemprego no Brasil"
1576:
1568:
1469:"Brazil's corruption scandal, economy drive Rousseff's ratings to record low"
1369:"Crise internacional e problemas internos são causas do desemprego no Brasil"
1212:. Global Economic Outlook, Q2 2016. Deloitte University Press. Archived from
874:
847:
753:
731:
704:
307:
241:
186:
36:
5973:
5832:
2568:"Brazil's jobless rate ends 2016 at 12 percent with 12.3 million unemployed"
734:, lessened the economic result and, in comparison to Europe, declared that:
6367:
6166:
6159:
6050:
5772:
5451:
5444:
5391:
5335:
5116:
4469:
4220:
4021:
3592:
2836:"Levantamento do FGV IBRE aponta desigualdade recorde na renda do trabalho"
1003:
684:
619:
570:
558:
172:
40:
magazine about the crisis. The cover depicts then-president Dilma Rousseff.
3216:"Recuperação da economia brasileira ainda é lenta, diz presidente do Itaú"
3098:"Com vetos, Temer sanciona lei que permite terceirização de atividade-fim"
2946:"Brasileiros foram os que mais receberam nacionalidade portuguesa em 2016"
1886:"Capa da 'Economist' alerta para queda do Brasil e prevê desastre em 2016"
163:), resulting in about two decades of economic growth. As a result of the
6614:
5959:
5818:
5542:
5123:
4723:
4180:
3779:
3636:
3606:
3230:"PIB do Brasil cresce 1% no 1º trimestre de 2017, após 8 quedas seguidas"
846:. Among the countries that received the most Brazilian citizens were the
726:
At the end of the second quarter of 2014, the country was in a technical
531:
156:
5219:
2528:
834:
Number of declarations of definite emigration from the country. Source:
634:
polls, to drop to 3 percent in September 2017, even lower than Dilma's.
5952:
5535:
2969:"Mais de 80 mil brasileiros migram para Portugal em busca de segurança"
2838:[FGV IBRE survey points to record inequality in labor income].
1915:
349:
Joaquim Levy, Minister responsible for fiscal adjustment, in March 2015
327:
3044:"'Aproveito impopularidade para tomar medidas necessárias', diz Temer"
2175:"Read the full transcript of Temer's first speech as acting president"
707:(caused by the decrease in the technical capacity of future workers).
6735:
6015:
5747:
5710:
5282:
5270:
5188:
5016:
2891:"Desigualdade de renda no Brasil sobe pelo 17º trimestre consecutivo"
727:
219:
97:
3202:"Recuperação da economia brasileira será longa e lenta, aponta 'FT'"
2608:"Economia encolhe 3,6% em 2016 e país tem pior recessão da história"
5689:
5507:
3571:
3528:
1912:"Protestos globais crescem com perda de fé na política e no Estado"
863:
859:
117:
2676:"Como o Brasil entrou (e pode sair) da maior recessão da história"
2583:"Desemprego deixa herança maldita aos jovens e cicatrizes no país"
2098:"Eduardo Cunha accepts impeachment request against Dilma Rousseff"
1938:"Protesto em São Paulo é o maior desde manifestação contra Collor"
1641:
Paulo Skaf; Artur Henrique; Paulo Pereira da Silva (25 May 2011).
2757:[First quarter GDP grows 1% after eight straight falls].
190:
3178:"Um ano depois, reforma trabalhista não gera empregos esperados"
3149:
2699:
2550:"Brazil's unemployment jumps in 2015, adding to Rousseff's woes"
2367:"Operation Car Wash ended 4.4 million jobs, according to Dieese"
5740:
3353:
2755:"PIB do primeiro trimestre cresce 1% após oito quedas seguidas"
2233:"Accusations against Temer may have a direct impact on reforms"
1278:"Com revisão, última recessão deixa de ser a maior da história"
1115:
855:
125:
in August 2014 when the 1 year bond got above the 10 year bond
50:
5733:
1510:
851:
526:
In the international context of major protests following the
167:, Brazil's GDP dropped sharply and unemployment rose. During
160:
2725:
2631:"Entenda o que a recessão técnica significa para a economia"
2498:
Paulo, Ruth CostasDa BBC Brasil em São (December 2, 2015).
2055:
2053:
1693:"Dólar sobe 48% em 2015, maior alta anual em quase 13 anos"
1513:"A crise brasileira não vem de fora, ela foi autoinfligida"
1111:
893:
3314:
Bernoulli 2a Série Ciências Humanas e Linguagem – Volume 4
3245:
PIB sobe 1% no 1º trimestre, após oito quedas consecutivas
2702:"Como o Brasil entrou, sozinho, na pior crise da história"
2095:
2267:"Temer's popularity has 3% approval, says CNI/Ibope poll"
1741:
1739:
1672:
1445:"Crise econômica e corrupção marcarão a nova presidência"
1185:"Michel Temer signs security decree to stem Rio violence"
1035:
a pension reform, which the government failed to approve.
645:
27:
Crisis that began during the presidency of Dilma Rousseff
2807:"Brazil records worst-ever first quarter budget deficit"
2050:
2032:"NY Times: brasileiros lamentam campanha eleitoral feia"
3150:
Guilherme Mazui; Roniara Castilhos (19 February 2018).
2917:
2781:"Brazil posts largest budget deficit for February ever"
2319:"Understanding the impact of the crisis on the economy"
2247:
1724:
1361:
155:
Brazil's economy is largely dependent on the export of
3041:
1837:
1736:
1660:
1622:
1610:
3877:
Post-Napoleonic Irish grain price and land use shocks
3095:
2096:
Gadelha; Cardoso; Sorg; Carvalho (December 2, 2015).
2294:"The political crisis and its impact on the economy"
3068:
2700:Graziele Oliveira; Marcos Coronato (4 April 2016).
2471:
2447:"Operation Car Wash is corroding the GDP. So what?"
2444:
1854:
1852:
1691:Treviz, Karina; G1, o; Paulo, em São (2015-12-30).
334:(FIESP), who years later would request and support
218:approval rating had plummeted to 8% according to a
3281:"The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency"
2673:
2392:
1760:"Como se chegou à pior recessão desde os anos 90?"
771:
332:Federation of Industries of the State of São Paulo
2888:
2628:
1511:Carla Jiménez; Heloísa Mendonça (27 March 2015).
377:Commodity price shocks § Second half of 2014
230:
6951:
2121:
1970:
1849:
1347:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Editora Todavia S.A.
1234:
877:), many who fled Brazil were qualified workers:
92:in eight consecutive quarters. Finance Minister
88:("new economic matrix", in a free translation).
1301:
1128:Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics
1094:
209:was re-elected to a second term, defeating the
3175:
2966:
2943:
2726:Renata Capucci; Larissa Castro (3 July 2017).
2291:
1817:
1395:
1275:
642:questioned whether he could remain in office.
5032:
5005:List of stock market crashes and bear markets
3544:
3336:
2394:"Economic Consequences of Operation Car Wash"
1690:
1589:
784:in Brazil from 2012 to 2019. Source: Ibre/FGV
3122:
3015:
1002:Since the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff and
104:, and was followed by the slowest recovery.
100:was the second most severe in the country's
3042:Marina Dias Valdo Cruz (22 December 2016).
1716:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1537:Filho, Fernando de Holanda Barbosa (2017).
1344:Valsa brasileira: Do boom ao caos econômico
277:Filho, Fernando de Holanda Barbosa (2017).
259:, President of the Central Bank during the
6755:First impeachment of Pedro Pablo Kuczynski
5039:
5025:
3551:
3537:
3343:
3329:
2989:
2580:
2517:
2345:"Group protests against Temer in Brasília"
1260:
816:in unemployment, inequality kept rising."
370:
4826:2015–2016 Chinese stock market turbulence
3311:
2728:"Brasil vive a pior recessão da história"
2059:
1930:
1558:
1263:"Brazil GDP falls by 3.6 percent in 2016"
3069:Paulo Victor Chagas (13 December 2016).
2918:Luiz Guilherme Gerbelli (3 April 2019).
2884:
2882:
2253:
1843:
1745:
1730:
1678:
1666:
1628:
1616:
1340:
1098:
986:
829:
775:
714:
674:
557:
359:
344:
302:
234:
146:
116:
29:
6696:Federal Police: The Law Is for Everyone
3096:Ivan Richard Esposito (31 March 2017).
2830:
2828:
2472:Luís Artur Nogueira (August 18, 2015).
1133:According to Codace (committee part of
982:
594:Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB)
569:in 2015, alongside her vice president,
73:impeachment of president Dilma Rousseff
14:
6952:
5046:
4731:Venezuelan banking crisis of 2009–2010
4501:South American economic crisis of 2002
4398:Black Wednesday (1992 Sterling crisis)
2600:
1757:
1592:"Mantega indica novo modelo econômico"
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
646:Economic Impacts of Operation Car Wash
5020:
4782:2013 Chinese banking liquidity crisis
4738:2010–2014 Portuguese financial crisis
4214:Secondary banking crisis of 1973–1975
3532:
3324:
2913:
2911:
2879:
2749:
2747:
2497:
1643:"Um acordo pela indústria brasileira"
1536:
1443:Barca, Antonio Jiménez (2014-10-27).
1442:
1210:"Brazil: Yearning for the good times"
1207:
276:
4812:Russian financial crisis (2014–2016)
4665:2008–2011 Icelandic financial crisis
4658:2008–2009 Ukrainian financial crisis
4623:2000s U.S. housing market correction
4463:1998–2002 Argentine great depression
3558:
2825:
2445:Luís Artur Nogueira (June 2, 2017).
1494:Avaliaçãdo DO Governo Dilma Rousseff
1391:
1389:
1046:
4969:2023–2024 Egyptian financial crisis
4804:Puerto Rican government-debt crisis
4797:2014–2016 Brazilian economic crisis
4170:1963–1965 Indonesian hyperinflation
4073:Shanghai rubber stock market crisis
3762:Dutch Republic stock market crashes
3517: Government of Jair Bolsonaro→
3368:← Government of Dilma Rousseff
3316:. Belo Horizonte: Editora DRP Ltda.
3176:Fabiana Futema (10 November 2018).
2674:João Pedro Caleiro (7 March 2017).
2012:. Folha de S.Paulo. 26 October 2014
1792:
1321:
592:, defeating the candidate from the
489:
466:
68:began to impact the economy again.
24:
18:2015-2017 Brazilian economic crisis
4775:2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis
4679:2008–2014 Spanish financial crisis
4651:2008–2009 Russian financial crisis
4644:2008–2009 Belgian financial crisis
4339:1988–1992 Norwegian banking crisis
3834:British credit crisis of 1772–1773
3222:
3016:Felipe Betim (19 September 2019).
2908:
2744:
2649:"Entenda o que é recessão técnica"
2285:
1530:
1276:Vinicius Neder (1 December 2018).
175:in order to increase consumption.
25:
6996:
4962:2023 United States banking crisis
4768:2011 Bangladesh share market scam
4456:1998–1999 Ecuador economic crisis
4420:Venezuelan banking crisis of 1994
4346:Japanese asset price bubble crash
4287:Souk Al-Manakh stock market crash
4037:Australian banking crisis of 1893
3841:Dutch Republic financial collapse
3480:2018 Brazil truck drivers' strike
3285:Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
2629:Alessandra Corrêa (9 June 2009).
2122:Mariana Jungmann (May 12, 2016).
1386:
1151:List of economic crises in Brazil
1103:Real GDP growth in 2016. Source:
576:The following year, in 2014, the
178:In response to critics of Lula's
5281:
3819:Amsterdam banking crisis of 1763
3409:
3352:
2889:Bruno Villas Bôas (2019-05-19).
2842:(in Portuguese). 27 January 2022
2421:"RAF - Fiscal Monitoring Report"
2292:Marcelo Curado (June 25, 2017).
1992:"Como ficou a 'agenda positiva'"
1940:. Folha de S.Paulo. 17 June 2013
1758:Costas, Ruth (1 December 2015).
1539:"A crise econômica de 2014/2017"
1051:
900:
796:(FGV), obtained by the magazine
790:Instituto Brasileiro de Economia
470:A Crise de Crescimento do Brasil
279:"A crise econômica de 2014/2017"
5315:Carlos Fernando dos Santos Lima
4544:2007 Chinese stock bubble crash
3870:Danish state bankruptcy of 1813
3466:2016 student protests in Brazil
3393:2014 Brazilian general election
3273:
3251:
3236:
3208:
3194:
3169:
3143:
3116:
3089:
3062:
3035:
3009:
2990:Luísa Melo (17 December 2017).
2983:
2960:
2944:Agência Brasil (9 April 2018).
2937:
2854:
2799:
2773:
2719:
2693:
2667:
2641:
2622:
2574:
2560:
2542:
2491:
2465:
2438:
2413:
2385:
2359:
2337:
2311:
2259:
2225:
2199:
2167:
2141:
2115:
2089:
2065:
2024:
2002:
1984:
1952:
1904:
1878:
1811:
1786:
1777:
1751:
1684:
1634:
1583:
1560:10.1590/s0103-40142017.31890006
1504:
1485:
1461:
1436:
1412:
1302:Gabriel Martins (30 May 2019).
1235:Darlan Alvarenga (2017-06-01).
772:Increase in economic inequality
743:Guido Mantega, Finance Minister
683:Before the recession, Brazil's
670:
665:
590:presidential election that year
518:2014 Brazilian general election
6586:2014 Brazilian economic crisis
4925:Chinese property sector crisis
4833:2015–2016 stock market selloff
4761:August 2011 stock markets fall
4672:2008–2011 Irish banking crisis
4369:1990s Swedish financial crisis
4118:Weimar Republic hyperinflation
3386:2014 Brazilian economic crisis
3305:
3123:Daniel Mello (13 April 2017).
1396:Giselle Garcia (15 May 2016).
1341:Carvalho, Laura (2018-05-08).
1295:
1269:
1254:
1228:
1208:Barua, Akrur (29 April 2016).
1201:
1177:
1028:, a significant change in the
656:Independent Fiscal Institution
231:Errors in macroeconomic policy
13:
1:
4998:List of sovereign debt crises
4940:2022 Russian financial crisis
4637:2008 Latvian financial crisis
4630:U.S. bear market of 2007–2009
4508:Stock market downturn of 2002
4449:1998 Russian financial crisis
4302:1983 Israel bank stock crisis
3473:2017 Brazilian general strike
3400:Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff
2967:Agência Brasil (8 May 2018).
1818:Mariana Branco (1 May 2016).
1590:Beatriz Abreu (5 July 2012).
1171:
819:
504:Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff
5110:2015–2016 protests in Brazil
4700:Greek government-debt crisis
4537:2004 Argentine energy crisis
4494:2001 Turkish economic crisis
4383:1990s Armenian energy crisis
4376:1990s Finnish banking crisis
4237:1976 British currency crisis
4207:1973–1974 stock market crash
3459:2016–2017 Brazilian protests
2527:. 2017-11-06. Archived from
1500:. Datafolha Instituto. 2015.
1261:Mu Xuequan (March 8, 2017).
1095:Comparison with other crises
1012:95º Constitutional amendment
887:Jorge Botrel, a JBJ partner.
710:
522:2015–2016 protests in Brazil
196:
7:
5564:Victor Luiz dos Santos Laus
5557:Vallisney de Souza Oliveira
5196:Leniency agreements offered
4856:2017 Sri Lankan fuel crisis
4522:2003 Myanmar banking crisis
4515:2002 Uruguay banking crisis
4435:1997 Asian financial crisis
4362:1991 Indian economic crisis
4354:Rhode Island banking crisis
4324:Cameroonian economic crisis
4110:Early Soviet hyperinflation
3723:Crisis of the Third Century
2761:(in Portuguese). 2017-06-01
2655:. São Paulo. 29 August 2014
2581:Ligia Tuon (28 June 2019).
2570:. Reuters. 1 February 2017.
1398:"Entenda a crise econômica"
1144:
1042:
1030:Consolidation of Labor Laws
998:from May 2016 to April 2018
473:. Brazil: Elsevier Brasil.
356:Growth Acceleration Program
112:
10:
7001:
6985:Economic history of Brazil
6980:Government of Michel Temer
5589:Public Prosecutor's Office
4887:Sri Lankan economic crisis
4745:Energy crisis in Venezuela
4724:2009 Dubai debt standstill
4574:2007–2008 financial crisis
4229:Latin American debt crisis
3992:Paris Bourse crash of 1882
3427:Brazil labor reform (2017)
3359:Government of Michel Temer
2525:"Desemprego | Pnad | IBGE"
1156:Brazil labor reform (2017)
823:
540:in the United States, and
511:
493:
374:
248:
151:Brazil inflation 1996-2022
107:
80:2014 commodity price shock
6970:Economic crises in Brazil
6938:
6766:
6748:Peruvian political crisis
6715:Quadrilhão (terminologia)
6577:
6481:
6426:
6350:
6309:
6067:
5860:
5842:
5803:
5787:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
5764:
5757:
5632:
5625:
5573:
5408:
5299:
5290:
5279:
5099:
5054:
4978:
4955:2022 stock market decline
4947:Pakistani economic crisis
4933:2021–2023 inflation surge
4879:Lebanese liquidity crisis
4848:Venezuelan hyperinflation
4840:Brexit stock market crash
4789:Venezuela economic crisis
4711:
4561:
4551:Zimbabwean hyperinflation
4261:
4179:
4150:
4134:Wall Street Crash of 1929
4097:
3974:2nd Industrial Revolution
3972:
3908:
3808:1st Industrial Revolution
3806:
3733:
3711:
3566:
3514:
3489:
3450:
3434:Outsourcing law in Brazil
3418:
3407:
3377:
3365:
2325:. São Paulo. May 18, 2017
1795:"Por que o Brasil Parou?"
1699:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
1060:This section needs to be
567:inauguration as president
496:Dilma Rousseff government
383:
225:
169:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
6960:2014 in economic history
6729:Removal of Eduardo Cunha
6111:Fábio Faria (politician)
5794:Fernando Collor de Mello
4616:Subprime mortgage crisis
4279:Brazilian hyperinflation
4251:Brazilian hyperinflation
4088:Financial crisis of 1914
3796:Mississippi bubble crash
385:Average annual growth of
6904:rewarded whistleblowing
5932:Fernando Bezerra Coelho
5641:Abreu and Lima Refinery
5597:Federal Public Ministry
5371:Orlando Martello Júnior
5154:Criticism of Rede Globo
4991:List of economic crises
4909:2020 stock market crash
4902:Financial market impact
4871:Turkish economic crisis
4486:9/11 stock market crash
4442:October 1997 mini-crash
4413:1994 bond market crisis
4405:Yugoslav hyperinflation
4316:Savings and loan crisis
3917:European potato failure
1551:University of São Paulo
1135:Fundação Getúlio Vargas
794:Fundação Getúlio Vargas
752:The recession caused a
614:. On May 12, 2016, the
612:crime of responsibility
514:2013 protests in Brazil
508:Michel Temer government
371:Commodities Devaluation
121:Brazilian bonds had an
6897:rewarded collaboration
6637:Removal of Aécio Neves
6593:Arrest of Michel Temer
6382:Henrique Eduardo Alves
6320:Henrique Eduardo Alves
5939:Garibaldi Alves Filho
5605:Federal Regional Court
5480:João Pedro Gebran Neto
5357:Jerusa Burmann Viecili
5329:Diogo Castor de Mattos
4984:List of banking crises
4753:Syrian economic crisis
4686:Blue Monday Crash 2009
4295:Chilean crisis of 1982
4126:Shōwa financial crisis
3932:Highland Potato Famine
3788:South Sea bubble crash
3579:Commodity price shocks
2971:(in Portuguese). EXAME
2196:
1107:
999:
890:
839:
785:
746:
723:
680:
573:
487:
350:
311:
301:
246:
152:
144:
62:Gross Domestic Product
41:
34:January 2016 cover of
6644:May 2016 leaks crisis
6537:Pedro Pablo Kuczynski
5697:J&F Investimentos
5612:Supreme Federal Court
5343:Igor Romário de Paula
5308:Athayde Ribeiro Costa
4309:Black Saturday (1983)
4163:Kennedy Slide of 1962
3735:Commercial revolution
2191:
1102:
990:
879:
833:
804:, which measures the
779:
736:
718:
678:
622:assumed the position
561:
528:2008 financial crisis
512:Further information:
458:
348:
306:
268:
238:
150:
120:
85:nova matriz econômica
54:experienced a severe
33:
6819:colaboração premiada
6623:Pension fund inquiry
6146:Pedro Paulo Teixeira
6002:Maria do Carmo Alves
5869:Aécio Neves da Cunha
5494:Luís Roberto Barroso
5378:Paulo Roberto Galvão
5189:Leaked conversations
5147:Corruption in Brazil
4863:Ghana banking crisis
4693:European debt crisis
4478:Dot-com bubble crash
4390:Cuban Special Period
3849:Copper Panic of 1789
3754:The Great Debasement
3746:Great Bullion Famine
1980:. UOL. 21 June 2013.
983:Anti-crisis measures
788:A 2019 study by the
467:FGV (4 April 2017).
354:such as cuts to the
123:Inverted yield curve
6810:condução coercitiva
6778:acordo de leniência
6600:Anti-Corruption Act
6472:Raul Henrique Srour
6451:Carlos Habib Chater
6417:Paulo Roberto Costa
6258:Mário Negromonte Jr
6230:João Carlos Bacelar
5812:Sérgio Cabral Filho
5529:Ricardo Lewandowski
5522:Marco Aurélio Mello
5417:Alexandre de Moraes
5350:Isabel Groba Vieira
4819:2015 Nepal blockade
4529:2000s energy crisis
4427:Mexican peso crisis
4332:Black Monday (1987)
4192:1970s energy crisis
4152:Post–WWII expansion
3826:Bengal bubble crash
3621:Financial contagion
3505:Operation Weak Meat
2273:. 28 September 2017
1473:Pew Research Center
1120:conflict in Ukraine
996:Minister of Finance
806:economic inequality
534:in the Arab world,
360:Anticrisis measures
336:Dilma's impeachment
330:, president of the
251:New economic matrix
6872:passive corruption
6828:crédito consignado
6722:Paraty plane crash
6667:Delcídio do Amaral
6502:Ricardo Martinelli
6495:Ramón Fonseca Mora
6118:Jarbas Vasconcelos
6076:Alfredo Nascimento
6058:Vanessa Grazziotin
5967:José Agripino Maia
5876:Antônio Anastasia
5501:Luiz Antônio Bonat
5240:Companies involved
5175:History since 1985
5168:Electricity sector
5138:Operation Spoofing
5048:Operation Car Wash
4081:Panic of 1910–1911
3925:Great Irish Famine
3863:Panic of 1796–1797
3702:Stock market crash
3520:(2019 – 2022)
3498:Operation Car Wash
3371:(2011 – 2016)
2077:m.folha.uol.com.br
2036:The New York Times
1892:. 30 December 2015
1108:
1105:CIA World Factbook
1088:Henrique Meirelles
1000:
992:Henrique Meirelles
840:
826:Brazilian diaspora
800:, showed that the
786:
762:economic recession
756:and an increasing
724:
681:
578:Operation Car Wash
574:
549:Confederations Cup
537:Occupy Wall Street
500:Operation Car Wash
351:
312:
247:
203:Operation Car Wash
180:socialist economic
153:
145:
130: 10 year bond
94:Henrique Meirelles
42:
6947:
6946:
6889:prisão temporária
6880:prisão preventiva
6786:active corruption
6630:Petrobras inquiry
6573:
6572:
6569:
6568:
6403:Marcelo Odebrecht
6272:Nelson Pellegrino
6251:Lúcio Vieira Lima
6237:João Vaccari Neto
6139:Paulinho da Força
6090:Arlindo Chinaglia
5995:Lindbergh Farias
5925:Eunício Oliveira
5883:Cássio Cunha Lima
5669:Galvão Engenharia
5621:
5620:
5385:Roberson Pozzobon
5014:
5013:
4895:COVID-19 pandemic
3780:Tulip mania crash
3771:Kipper und Wipper
3748:(c. 1400–c. 1500)
3526:
3525:
2038:. 26 October 2014
1998:. 29 August 2013.
1866:. 30 October 2015
1543:Estudos Avançados
1354:978-85-93828-63-8
1216:on 23 August 2016
1189:www.aljazeera.com
1161:Economy of Brazil
1081:
1080:
1026:2017 labor reform
980:
979:
780:Evolution of the
438:
437:
400:
283:Estudos Avançados
142: 1 year bond
136: 5 year bond
66:COVID-19 pandemic
16:(Redirected from
6992:
6931:
6924:
6921:superfaturamento
6915:
6906:
6899:
6892:
6883:
6874:
6867:
6858:
6849:
6840:
6837:delação premiada
6831:
6822:
6813:
6804:
6795:
6788:
6781:
6757:
6750:
6743:
6738:
6731:
6724:
6717:
6708:
6699:
6690:
6683:
6676:
6669:
6662:
6655:
6646:
6639:
6632:
6625:
6618:
6609:
6602:
6595:
6588:
6560:
6553:
6546:
6539:
6532:
6525:
6523:Alejandro Toledo
6518:
6511:
6504:
6497:
6490:
6474:
6467:
6460:
6453:
6446:
6439:
6419:
6412:
6405:
6398:
6391:
6384:
6377:
6370:
6363:
6343:
6336:
6329:
6322:
6302:
6295:
6288:
6281:
6274:
6267:
6260:
6253:
6246:
6239:
6232:
6225:
6223:Heráclito Fortes
6218:
6211:
6204:
6197:
6195:Carlos Zarattini
6190:
6183:
6176:
6169:
6162:
6155:
6148:
6141:
6134:
6127:
6120:
6113:
6106:
6099:
6092:
6085:
6078:
6060:
6053:
6046:
6039:
6032:
6025:
6018:
6011:
6004:
5997:
5990:
5983:
5976:
5969:
5962:
5955:
5948:
5941:
5934:
5927:
5920:
5913:
5906:
5899:
5892:
5885:
5878:
5871:
5853:
5835:
5828:
5821:
5814:
5796:
5789:
5782:
5775:
5762:
5761:
5750:
5743:
5736:
5727:
5720:
5713:
5706:
5699:
5692:
5685:
5678:
5677:
5664:
5657:
5650:
5643:
5630:
5629:
5614:
5607:
5600:
5592:
5584:
5566:
5559:
5552:
5545:
5538:
5531:
5524:
5517:
5510:
5503:
5496:
5489:
5482:
5475:
5468:
5461:
5454:
5447:
5440:
5433:
5426:
5419:
5401:
5394:
5387:
5380:
5373:
5366:
5359:
5352:
5345:
5338:
5331:
5324:
5322:Deltan Dallagnol
5317:
5310:
5297:
5296:
5285:
5274:
5265:
5256:
5254:People convicted
5249:
5242:
5235:
5230:
5223:
5212:
5205:
5198:
5191:
5184:
5177:
5170:
5163:
5156:
5149:
5140:
5133:
5126:
5119:
5112:
5092:
5083:
5076:
5074:Offshoots abroad
5069:
5062:
5041:
5034:
5027:
5018:
5017:
5007:
5000:
4993:
4986:
4971:
4964:
4957:
4950:
4942:
4935:
4928:
4918:
4911:
4904:
4897:
4890:
4882:
4874:
4866:
4858:
4851:
4843:
4835:
4828:
4821:
4814:
4807:
4799:
4792:
4784:
4777:
4770:
4763:
4756:
4748:
4740:
4733:
4726:
4702:
4695:
4688:
4681:
4674:
4667:
4660:
4653:
4646:
4639:
4632:
4625:
4618:
4611:
4604:
4597:
4590:
4583:
4576:
4554:
4546:
4539:
4532:
4524:
4517:
4510:
4503:
4496:
4489:
4481:
4473:
4465:
4458:
4451:
4444:
4437:
4430:
4422:
4415:
4408:
4400:
4393:
4385:
4378:
4371:
4364:
4357:
4349:
4341:
4334:
4327:
4319:
4311:
4304:
4297:
4290:
4282:
4268:Great Regression
4263:Great Moderation
4254:
4246:
4239:
4232:
4224:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4195:
4172:
4165:
4143:
4136:
4129:
4121:
4113:
4090:
4083:
4076:
4068:
4061:
4054:
4047:
4039:
4032:
4025:
4017:
4009:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3965:
3957:
3950:
3943:
3934:
3927:
3920:
3901:
3894:
3887:
3880:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3836:
3829:
3821:
3799:
3791:
3783:
3775:
3765:
3757:
3749:
3726:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3681:
3674:
3667:
3660:
3653:
3651:Liquidity crisis
3646:
3639:
3630:
3628:Social contagion
3623:
3616:
3609:
3602:
3595:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3560:Financial crises
3553:
3546:
3539:
3530:
3529:
3521:
3507:
3500:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3413:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3372:
3357:
3356:
3345:
3338:
3331:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3287:. Archived from
3277:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3240:
3234:
3233:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3173:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3048:Folha de S.Paulo
3039:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2915:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2897:. Rio de Janeiro
2886:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2832:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2751:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2556:. 15 March 2016.
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2425:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2401:. 28 August 2019
2396:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2373:. March 16, 2021
2363:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2323:Folha de S.Paulo
2315:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2203:
2197:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1856:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1790:
1784:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1715:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1688:
1682:
1681:, p. 97–98.
1676:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1647:Folha de S.Paulo
1638:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1562:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1424:Folha de S.Paulo
1416:
1410:
1409:
1393:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1338:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1181:
1114:countries, only
1076:
1073:
1067:
1055:
1054:
1047:
908:
907:
888:
802:Gini coefficient
792:(IBRE), part of
782:Gini coefficient
744:
640:popular protests
588:, Dilma won the
490:Political Crisis
485:
484:
398:
387:commodity prices
381:
380:
322:Folha de S.Paulo
299:
298:
296:
294:
141:
135:
129:
60:. The country's
21:
7000:
6999:
6995:
6994:
6993:
6991:
6990:
6989:
6950:
6949:
6948:
6943:
6934:
6929:undue advantage
6927:
6918:
6909:
6902:
6895:
6886:
6877:
6870:
6861:
6852:
6843:
6834:
6825:
6816:
6807:
6798:
6791:
6784:
6775:
6762:
6753:
6746:
6741:
6734:
6727:
6720:
6713:
6702:
6693:
6688:
6679:
6672:
6665:
6658:
6651:
6642:
6635:
6628:
6621:
6612:
6605:
6598:
6591:
6584:
6565:
6556:
6551:
6542:
6535:
6528:
6521:
6514:
6509:
6500:
6493:
6488:
6477:
6470:
6463:
6456:
6449:
6444:Alberto Youssef
6442:
6435:
6428:
6422:
6415:
6410:Fernando Soares
6408:
6401:
6394:
6389:Renan Calheiros
6387:
6380:
6373:
6366:
6361:Aldemir Bendine
6359:
6353:& top execs
6352:
6346:
6339:
6332:
6327:Renan Calheiros
6325:
6318:
6312:and politicians
6311:
6305:
6298:
6293:Vicente Cândido
6291:
6284:
6277:
6270:
6263:
6256:
6249:
6242:
6235:
6228:
6221:
6214:
6207:
6200:
6193:
6186:
6179:
6172:
6165:
6158:
6151:
6144:
6137:
6130:
6123:
6116:
6109:
6102:
6097:Celso Russomano
6095:
6088:
6081:
6074:
6063:
6056:
6049:
6042:
6037:Ricardo Ferraço
6035:
6030:Renan Calheiros
6028:
6021:
6014:
6007:
6000:
5993:
5986:
5979:
5972:
5965:
5958:
5951:
5944:
5937:
5930:
5923:
5916:
5909:
5902:
5895:
5888:
5881:
5874:
5867:
5856:
5849:
5838:
5831:
5824:
5817:
5810:
5799:
5792:
5785:
5778:
5771:
5753:
5746:
5739:
5732:
5723:
5716:
5709:
5702:
5695:
5688:
5683:IESA Óleo e Gás
5681:
5671:
5667:
5660:
5655:Construtora OAS
5653:
5646:
5639:
5617:
5610:
5603:
5595:
5587:
5580:
5569:
5562:
5555:
5548:
5541:
5534:
5527:
5520:
5513:
5506:
5499:
5492:
5487:Leandro Paulsen
5485:
5478:
5471:
5464:
5457:
5450:
5443:
5436:
5431:Carolina Lebbos
5429:
5422:
5415:
5404:
5397:
5390:
5383:
5376:
5369:
5362:
5355:
5348:
5341:
5334:
5327:
5320:
5313:
5306:
5292:
5286:
5277:
5268:
5261:
5252:
5247:People involved
5245:
5238:
5233:
5226:
5217:
5208:
5201:
5194:
5187:
5182:Law enforcement
5180:
5173:
5166:
5159:
5152:
5145:
5136:
5129:
5122:
5115:
5108:
5101:
5095:
5088:
5079:
5072:
5065:
5058:
5050:
5045:
5015:
5010:
5003:
4996:
4989:
4982:
4974:
4967:
4960:
4953:
4945:
4938:
4931:
4923:
4914:
4907:
4900:
4893:
4885:
4877:
4869:
4861:
4854:
4846:
4838:
4831:
4824:
4817:
4810:
4802:
4795:
4787:
4780:
4773:
4766:
4759:
4751:
4743:
4736:
4729:
4722:
4715:
4713:Information Age
4707:
4698:
4691:
4684:
4677:
4670:
4663:
4656:
4649:
4642:
4635:
4628:
4621:
4614:
4607:
4600:
4593:
4586:
4579:
4572:
4565:
4563:Great Recession
4557:
4549:
4542:
4535:
4527:
4520:
4513:
4506:
4499:
4492:
4484:
4476:
4468:
4461:
4454:
4447:
4440:
4433:
4425:
4418:
4411:
4403:
4396:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4360:
4352:
4344:
4337:
4330:
4322:
4314:
4307:
4300:
4293:
4285:
4277:
4270:
4266:
4257:
4249:
4244:1979 oil crisis
4242:
4235:
4227:
4219:
4212:
4205:
4200:1973 oil crisis
4198:
4190:
4183:
4181:Great Inflation
4175:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4146:
4139:
4132:
4124:
4116:
4108:
4101:
4099:Interwar period
4093:
4086:
4079:
4071:
4064:
4057:
4050:
4042:
4035:
4028:
4020:
4012:
4004:
3997:
3990:
3983:
3976:
3968:
3960:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3930:
3923:
3915:
3904:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3847:
3839:
3832:
3824:
3817:
3810:
3802:
3794:
3786:
3778:
3768:
3760:
3752:
3744:
3737:
3729:
3721:
3707:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3626:
3619:
3612:
3605:
3600:Currency crisis
3598:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3562:
3557:
3527:
3522:
3519:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3425:
3414:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3373:
3370:
3361:
3351:
3349:
3308:
3303:
3294:
3292:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3264:
3262:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3186:
3184:
3174:
3170:
3160:
3158:
3148:
3144:
3134:
3132:
3121:
3117:
3107:
3105:
3094:
3090:
3080:
3078:
3067:
3063:
3053:
3051:
3040:
3036:
3026:
3024:
3014:
3010:
3000:
2998:
2988:
2984:
2974:
2972:
2965:
2961:
2951:
2949:
2948:(in Portuguese)
2942:
2938:
2928:
2926:
2916:
2909:
2900:
2898:
2895:Valor Econômico
2887:
2880:
2871:
2869:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2845:
2843:
2834:
2833:
2826:
2816:
2814:
2813:. 29 April 2016
2805:
2804:
2800:
2790:
2788:
2787:. 30 March 2016
2779:
2778:
2774:
2764:
2762:
2759:Jornal Nacional
2753:
2752:
2745:
2736:
2734:
2724:
2720:
2710:
2708:
2698:
2694:
2684:
2682:
2672:
2668:
2658:
2656:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2627:
2623:
2613:
2611:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2591:
2589:
2579:
2575:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2534:
2532:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2508:
2506:
2496:
2492:
2482:
2480:
2470:
2466:
2456:
2454:
2443:
2439:
2429:
2427:
2426:. June 11, 2018
2423:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2404:
2402:
2399:Valor Econômico
2391:
2390:
2386:
2376:
2374:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2350:
2348:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2328:
2326:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2302:
2300:
2290:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2252:
2248:
2238:
2236:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2213:. June 15, 2016
2205:
2204:
2200:
2184:
2182:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2158:
2156:
2155:. June 21, 2016
2153:Estado de Minas
2147:
2146:
2142:
2132:
2130:
2120:
2116:
2106:
2104:
2094:
2090:
2081:
2079:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2058:
2051:
2041:
2039:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2015:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1966:. 17 June 2013.
1958:
1957:
1953:
1943:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1921:
1919:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1893:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1869:
1867:
1858:
1857:
1850:
1842:
1838:
1828:
1826:
1816:
1812:
1803:
1801:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1768:
1766:
1756:
1752:
1744:
1737:
1729:
1725:
1709:
1708:
1702:
1700:
1689:
1685:
1677:
1673:
1665:
1661:
1651:
1649:
1639:
1635:
1627:
1623:
1615:
1611:
1601:
1599:
1588:
1584:
1535:
1531:
1521:
1519:
1509:
1505:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1477:
1475:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1453:
1451:
1441:
1437:
1428:
1426:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1394:
1387:
1378:
1376:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1355:
1339:
1322:
1312:
1310:
1300:
1296:
1286:
1284:
1274:
1270:
1259:
1255:
1245:
1243:
1233:
1229:
1219:
1217:
1206:
1202:
1193:
1191:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1147:
1097:
1077:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1019:Outsourcing law
985:
903:
889:
886:
844:Receita Federal
836:Receita Federal
828:
822:
798:Valor Econômico
774:
745:
742:
721:
720:
713:
673:
668:
648:
524:
510:
494:Main articles:
492:
486:
481:
465:
397:
386:
379:
373:
317:Lula government
300:
292:
290:
275:
253:
233:
228:
199:
165:Great Recession
143:
139:
137:
133:
131:
127:
115:
110:
57:economic crisis
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6998:
6988:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6965:2014 in Brazil
6962:
6945:
6944:
6939:
6936:
6935:
6933:
6932:
6925:
6916:
6907:
6900:
6893:
6884:
6875:
6868:
6859:
6850:
6841:
6832:
6823:
6814:
6805:
6796:
6789:
6782:
6772:
6770:
6764:
6763:
6761:
6760:
6759:
6758:
6751:
6739:
6732:
6725:
6718:
6711:
6710:
6709:
6700:
6686:
6685:
6684:
6677:
6674:Dilma Rousseff
6670:
6663:
6649:
6648:
6647:
6633:
6626:
6619:
6610:
6607:Arrest of Lula
6603:
6596:
6589:
6581:
6579:
6575:
6574:
6571:
6570:
6567:
6566:
6564:
6563:
6562:
6561:
6549:
6548:
6547:
6544:Keiko Fujimori
6540:
6533:
6530:Ollanta Humala
6526:
6519:
6507:
6506:
6505:
6498:
6485:
6483:
6479:
6478:
6476:
6475:
6468:
6461:
6454:
6447:
6440:
6432:
6430:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6420:
6413:
6406:
6399:
6392:
6385:
6378:
6371:
6364:
6356:
6354:
6348:
6347:
6345:
6344:
6337:
6330:
6323:
6315:
6313:
6310:Public figures
6307:
6306:
6304:
6303:
6296:
6289:
6282:
6275:
6268:
6261:
6254:
6247:
6240:
6233:
6226:
6219:
6212:
6205:
6198:
6191:
6184:
6177:
6170:
6163:
6156:
6153:Rodrigo Garcia
6149:
6142:
6135:
6132:Onyx Lorenzoni
6128:
6121:
6114:
6107:
6104:Daniel Almeida
6100:
6093:
6086:
6083:Antônio Britto
6079:
6071:
6069:
6065:
6064:
6062:
6061:
6054:
6047:
6040:
6033:
6026:
6019:
6012:
6005:
5998:
5991:
5988:Lídice da Mata
5984:
5977:
5970:
5963:
5956:
5949:
5946:Humberto Costa
5942:
5935:
5928:
5921:
5914:
5911:Eduardo Amorim
5907:
5900:
5893:
5886:
5879:
5872:
5864:
5862:
5858:
5857:
5855:
5854:
5846:
5844:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5836:
5829:
5826:Robinson Faria
5822:
5815:
5807:
5805:
5801:
5800:
5798:
5797:
5790:
5783:
5780:Dilma Rousseff
5776:
5768:
5766:
5759:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5751:
5744:
5737:
5729:
5728:
5725:UTC Engenharia
5721:
5718:Queiroz Galvão
5714:
5707:
5700:
5693:
5686:
5679:
5665:
5658:
5651:
5648:Camargo Correa
5644:
5636:
5634:
5627:
5623:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5615:
5608:
5601:
5593:
5585:
5582:Federal Police
5577:
5575:
5571:
5570:
5568:
5567:
5560:
5553:
5550:Teori Zavascki
5546:
5539:
5532:
5525:
5518:
5515:Marcelo Bretas
5511:
5504:
5497:
5490:
5483:
5476:
5469:
5466:Gabriela Hardt
5462:
5455:
5448:
5441:
5438:Celso de Mello
5434:
5427:
5420:
5412:
5410:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5402:
5395:
5388:
5381:
5374:
5367:
5360:
5353:
5346:
5339:
5332:
5325:
5318:
5311:
5303:
5301:
5294:
5288:
5287:
5280:
5278:
5276:
5275:
5266:
5259:
5258:
5257:
5250:
5243:
5231:
5224:
5215:
5214:
5213:
5206:
5192:
5185:
5178:
5171:
5164:
5157:
5150:
5143:
5142:
5141:
5127:
5120:
5113:
5105:
5103:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5093:
5090:other scandals
5086:
5085:
5084:
5081:Odebrecht Case
5070:
5063:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5044:
5043:
5036:
5029:
5021:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5008:
5001:
4994:
4987:
4979:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4972:
4965:
4958:
4951:
4949:(2022–present)
4943:
4936:
4929:
4927:(2020–present)
4921:
4920:
4919:
4912:
4905:
4891:
4889:(2019–present)
4883:
4881:(2019–present)
4875:
4873:(2018–present)
4867:
4859:
4852:
4844:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4815:
4808:
4800:
4793:
4791:(2013–present)
4785:
4778:
4771:
4764:
4757:
4755:(2011–present)
4749:
4747:(2010–present)
4741:
4734:
4727:
4719:
4717:
4716:(2009–present)
4709:
4708:
4706:
4705:
4704:
4703:
4696:
4689:
4682:
4675:
4668:
4661:
4654:
4647:
4640:
4633:
4626:
4619:
4612:
4605:
4598:
4591:
4584:
4581:September 2008
4569:
4567:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4555:
4553:(2007–present)
4547:
4540:
4533:
4525:
4518:
4511:
4504:
4497:
4490:
4482:
4474:
4466:
4459:
4452:
4445:
4438:
4431:
4423:
4416:
4409:
4401:
4394:
4386:
4379:
4372:
4365:
4358:
4350:
4342:
4335:
4328:
4320:
4312:
4305:
4298:
4291:
4283:
4274:
4272:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4255:
4247:
4240:
4233:
4225:
4217:
4210:
4203:
4196:
4187:
4185:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4166:
4158:
4156:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4137:
4130:
4122:
4114:
4105:
4103:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4084:
4077:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4040:
4033:
4026:
4018:
4010:
4002:
3995:
3988:
3980:
3978:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3958:
3951:
3944:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3928:
3912:
3910:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3881:
3873:
3866:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3843:(c. 1780–1795)
3837:
3830:
3822:
3814:
3812:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3792:
3784:
3776:
3766:
3764:(c. 1600–1760)
3758:
3750:
3741:
3739:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3718:
3716:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3647:
3644:Hyperinflation
3640:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3617:
3610:
3603:
3596:
3589:
3582:
3575:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3556:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3533:
3524:
3523:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3501:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3415:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3396:
3389:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3348:
3347:
3340:
3333:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3272:
3250:
3235:
3221:
3207:
3193:
3168:
3142:
3129:Agência Brasil
3115:
3102:Agência Brasil
3088:
3075:Agência Brasil
3061:
3034:
3008:
2982:
2959:
2936:
2907:
2878:
2853:
2824:
2798:
2772:
2743:
2718:
2692:
2666:
2640:
2621:
2610:. 7 March 2017
2599:
2573:
2559:
2541:
2516:
2490:
2464:
2453:. Editora três
2451:Istoé Dinheiro
2437:
2412:
2384:
2358:
2347:. May 17, 2017
2336:
2310:
2298:Gazeta do Povo
2284:
2271:Agência Brasil
2258:
2256:, p. 138.
2246:
2235:. May 17, 2017
2224:
2198:
2166:
2140:
2128:Agência Brasil
2114:
2088:
2064:
2062:, p. 135.
2060:Bernoulli 2021
2049:
2023:
2001:
1983:
1969:
1951:
1929:
1918:. 23 June 2013
1903:
1877:
1848:
1836:
1824:Agência Brasil
1810:
1785:
1776:
1750:
1735:
1733:, p. 101.
1723:
1683:
1671:
1659:
1633:
1621:
1609:
1582:
1529:
1503:
1484:
1460:
1435:
1411:
1406:Agência Brasil
1402:Agência Brasil
1385:
1373:Agência Brasil
1360:
1353:
1320:
1294:
1268:
1253:
1227:
1200:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1166:2018 in Brazil
1163:
1158:
1153:
1146:
1143:
1096:
1093:
1079:
1078:
1059:
1057:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1022:
1015:
984:
981:
978:
977:
974:
971:
968:
964:
963:
960:
957:
954:
950:
949:
946:
943:
940:
936:
935:
932:
929:
926:
922:
921:
918:
915:
912:
902:
899:
884:
824:Main article:
821:
818:
773:
770:
758:budget deficit
740:
712:
709:
694:Dilma Rousseff
692:and President
690:Worker's Party
672:
669:
667:
664:
647:
644:
616:Federal Senate
586:Workers' Party
582:Dilma Rousseff
563:Dilma Rousseff
543:Los Indignados
530:, such as the
491:
488:
479:
463:
436:
435:
431:
430:
426:
425:
422:
418:
417:
414:
410:
409:
406:
402:
401:
394:
390:
389:
375:Main article:
372:
369:
273:
261:FHC government
257:Gustavo Franco
249:Main article:
232:
229:
227:
224:
207:Dilma Rousseff
198:
195:
187:tax exemptions
138:
132:
126:
114:
111:
109:
106:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6997:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6957:
6955:
6942:
6937:
6930:
6926:
6923:
6922:
6917:
6914:
6913:
6912:setor propina
6908:
6905:
6901:
6898:
6894:
6891:
6890:
6885:
6882:
6881:
6876:
6873:
6869:
6866:
6865:
6860:
6857:
6856:
6851:
6848:
6847:
6846:desembargador
6842:
6839:
6838:
6833:
6830:
6829:
6824:
6821:
6820:
6815:
6812:
6811:
6806:
6803:
6802:
6797:
6794:
6790:
6787:
6783:
6780:
6779:
6774:
6773:
6771:
6769:
6765:
6756:
6752:
6749:
6745:
6744:
6740:
6737:
6733:
6730:
6726:
6723:
6719:
6716:
6712:
6707:
6706:
6705:The Mechanism
6701:
6698:
6697:
6692:
6691:
6687:
6682:
6681:Eduardo Cunha
6678:
6675:
6671:
6668:
6664:
6661:
6657:
6656:
6654:
6650:
6645:
6641:
6640:
6638:
6634:
6631:
6627:
6624:
6620:
6617:
6616:
6611:
6608:
6604:
6601:
6597:
6594:
6590:
6587:
6583:
6582:
6580:
6576:
6559:
6555:
6554:
6550:
6545:
6541:
6538:
6534:
6531:
6527:
6524:
6520:
6517:
6513:
6512:
6508:
6503:
6499:
6496:
6492:
6491:
6487:
6486:
6484:
6480:
6473:
6469:
6466:
6462:
6459:
6458:Eduardo Cunha
6455:
6452:
6448:
6445:
6441:
6438:
6434:
6433:
6431:
6425:
6418:
6414:
6411:
6407:
6404:
6400:
6397:
6393:
6390:
6386:
6383:
6379:
6376:
6372:
6369:
6365:
6362:
6358:
6357:
6355:
6349:
6342:
6338:
6335:
6331:
6328:
6324:
6321:
6317:
6316:
6314:
6308:
6301:
6297:
6294:
6290:
6287:
6286:Vander Loubet
6283:
6280:
6279:Paulo Lustosa
6276:
6273:
6269:
6266:
6262:
6259:
6255:
6252:
6248:
6245:
6241:
6238:
6234:
6231:
6227:
6224:
6220:
6217:
6213:
6210:
6206:
6203:
6202:Daniel Vilela
6199:
6196:
6192:
6189:
6185:
6182:
6181:Betinho Gomes
6178:
6175:
6174:Antonio Brito
6171:
6168:
6164:
6161:
6157:
6154:
6150:
6147:
6143:
6140:
6136:
6133:
6129:
6126:
6125:José Carneiro
6122:
6119:
6115:
6112:
6108:
6105:
6101:
6098:
6094:
6091:
6087:
6084:
6080:
6077:
6073:
6072:
6070:
6066:
6059:
6055:
6052:
6051:Valdir Raupp
6048:
6045:
6041:
6038:
6034:
6031:
6027:
6024:
6020:
6017:
6013:
6010:
6009:Marta Suplicy
6006:
6003:
5999:
5996:
5992:
5989:
5985:
5982:
5978:
5975:
5971:
5968:
5964:
5961:
5957:
5954:
5950:
5947:
5943:
5940:
5936:
5933:
5929:
5926:
5922:
5919:
5918:Eduardo Braga
5915:
5912:
5908:
5905:
5901:
5898:
5897:Dalírio Beber
5894:
5891:
5890:Ciro Nogueira
5887:
5884:
5880:
5877:
5873:
5870:
5866:
5865:
5863:
5859:
5852:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5841:
5834:
5830:
5827:
5823:
5820:
5816:
5813:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5802:
5795:
5791:
5788:
5784:
5781:
5777:
5774:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5763:
5760:
5756:
5749:
5745:
5742:
5738:
5735:
5731:
5730:
5726:
5722:
5719:
5715:
5712:
5708:
5705:
5704:Mendes Júnior
5701:
5698:
5694:
5691:
5687:
5684:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5666:
5663:
5659:
5656:
5652:
5649:
5645:
5642:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5631:
5628:
5624:
5613:
5609:
5606:
5602:
5598:
5594:
5590:
5586:
5583:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5572:
5565:
5561:
5558:
5554:
5551:
5547:
5544:
5540:
5537:
5533:
5530:
5526:
5523:
5519:
5516:
5512:
5509:
5505:
5502:
5498:
5495:
5491:
5488:
5484:
5481:
5477:
5474:
5473:Gilmar Mendes
5470:
5467:
5463:
5460:
5459:Felix Fischer
5456:
5453:
5449:
5446:
5442:
5439:
5435:
5432:
5428:
5425:
5421:
5418:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5407:
5400:
5399:Rodrigo Janot
5396:
5393:
5389:
5386:
5382:
5379:
5375:
5372:
5368:
5365:
5364:Laura Tessler
5361:
5358:
5354:
5351:
5347:
5344:
5340:
5337:
5333:
5330:
5326:
5323:
5319:
5316:
5312:
5309:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5298:
5295:
5289:
5284:
5273:
5272:
5267:
5264:
5260:
5255:
5251:
5248:
5244:
5241:
5237:
5236:
5232:
5229:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5207:
5204:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5193:
5190:
5186:
5183:
5179:
5176:
5172:
5169:
5165:
5162:
5158:
5155:
5151:
5148:
5144:
5139:
5135:
5134:
5132:
5131:Controversies
5128:
5125:
5121:
5118:
5114:
5111:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5098:
5091:
5087:
5082:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5071:
5068:
5064:
5061:
5057:
5056:
5053:
5049:
5042:
5037:
5035:
5030:
5028:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5006:
5002:
4999:
4995:
4992:
4988:
4985:
4981:
4980:
4977:
4970:
4966:
4963:
4959:
4956:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4941:
4937:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4922:
4917:
4913:
4910:
4906:
4903:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4892:
4888:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4834:
4830:
4827:
4823:
4820:
4816:
4813:
4809:
4805:
4801:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4783:
4779:
4776:
4772:
4769:
4765:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4739:
4735:
4732:
4728:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4701:
4697:
4694:
4690:
4687:
4683:
4680:
4676:
4673:
4669:
4666:
4662:
4659:
4655:
4652:
4648:
4645:
4641:
4638:
4634:
4631:
4627:
4624:
4620:
4617:
4613:
4610:
4606:
4603:
4602:December 2008
4599:
4596:
4595:November 2008
4592:
4589:
4585:
4582:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4552:
4548:
4545:
4541:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4523:
4519:
4516:
4512:
4509:
4505:
4502:
4498:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4464:
4460:
4457:
4453:
4450:
4446:
4443:
4439:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4421:
4417:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4384:
4380:
4377:
4373:
4370:
4366:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4299:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4269:
4264:
4260:
4252:
4248:
4245:
4241:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4215:
4211:
4208:
4204:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4171:
4167:
4164:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4142:
4141:Panic of 1930
4138:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4067:
4066:Panic of 1907
4063:
4060:
4059:Panic of 1901
4056:
4053:
4052:Panic of 1896
4049:
4045:
4041:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4030:Panic of 1893
4027:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4014:Baring crisis
4011:
4007:
4006:Arendal crash
4003:
4000:
3999:Panic of 1884
3996:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3985:Panic of 1873
3982:
3981:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3963:
3959:
3956:
3955:Panic of 1866
3952:
3949:
3948:Panic of 1857
3945:
3942:
3941:Panic of 1847
3938:
3933:
3929:
3926:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3900:
3899:Panic of 1837
3896:
3893:
3892:Panic of 1825
3889:
3886:
3885:Panic of 1819
3882:
3878:
3874:
3871:
3867:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3856:Panic of 1792
3853:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3820:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3772:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3724:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3710:
3703:
3699:
3696:
3695:Social crisis
3692:
3689:
3688:Minsky moment
3685:
3680:
3676:
3673:
3669:
3666:
3662:
3659:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3634:
3629:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3618:
3615:
3614:Energy crisis
3611:
3608:
3604:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3590:
3587:
3586:Credit crunch
3583:
3580:
3576:
3573:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3561:
3554:
3549:
3547:
3542:
3540:
3535:
3534:
3531:
3518:
3513:
3506:
3502:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3488:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3442:
3441:Fiscal reform
3438:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3412:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3369:
3364:
3360:
3355:
3346:
3341:
3339:
3334:
3332:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3315:
3310:
3309:
3291:on 2017-07-01
3290:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3260:
3254:
3247:
3246:
3239:
3231:
3225:
3217:
3211:
3203:
3197:
3183:
3179:
3172:
3157:
3153:
3146:
3130:
3126:
3119:
3103:
3099:
3092:
3076:
3072:
3065:
3049:
3045:
3038:
3023:
3019:
3012:
2997:
2993:
2986:
2970:
2963:
2947:
2940:
2925:
2921:
2914:
2912:
2896:
2892:
2885:
2883:
2868:. 21 May 2019
2867:
2863:
2857:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2829:
2812:
2808:
2802:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2748:
2733:
2729:
2722:
2707:
2703:
2696:
2681:
2677:
2670:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2609:
2603:
2588:
2584:
2577:
2569:
2563:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2531:on 2017-11-06
2530:
2526:
2520:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2479:
2475:
2468:
2452:
2448:
2441:
2422:
2416:
2400:
2395:
2388:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2346:
2340:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2299:
2295:
2288:
2272:
2268:
2262:
2255:
2254:Carvalho 2018
2250:
2234:
2228:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2195:
2181:. 13 May 2016
2180:
2176:
2170:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2103:
2099:
2092:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2061:
2056:
2054:
2037:
2033:
2027:
2011:
2005:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1979:
1973:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1939:
1933:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1853:
1846:, p. 95.
1845:
1844:Carvalho 2018
1840:
1825:
1821:
1814:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1780:
1765:
1761:
1754:
1748:, p. 98.
1747:
1746:Carvalho 2018
1742:
1740:
1732:
1731:Carvalho 2018
1727:
1719:
1713:
1698:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1679:Carvalho 2018
1675:
1669:, p. 58.
1668:
1667:Carvalho 2018
1663:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1631:, p. 57.
1630:
1629:Carvalho 2018
1625:
1619:, p. 11.
1618:
1617:Carvalho 2018
1613:
1597:
1593:
1586:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1496:
1495:
1488:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1425:
1421:
1415:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1392:
1390:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1356:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1309:
1305:
1298:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1264:
1257:
1242:
1238:
1231:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1176:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1142:
1138:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1106:
1101:
1092:
1089:
1084:
1075:
1063:
1058:
1049:
1048:
1040:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1005:
997:
993:
989:
975:
972:
969:
966:
965:
961:
958:
955:
952:
951:
947:
944:
941:
938:
937:
933:
930:
927:
924:
923:
919:
916:
913:
910:
909:
906:
901:Credit rating
898:
895:
883:
878:
876:
875:United States
871:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
848:United States
845:
837:
832:
827:
817:
813:
809:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
783:
778:
769:
767:
763:
759:
755:
754:fiscal crisis
750:
739:
735:
733:
732:Guido Mantega
729:
717:
708:
706:
705:human capital
701:
697:
695:
691:
686:
677:
663:
659:
657:
653:
643:
641:
635:
633:
627:
625:
621:
617:
613:
608:
606:
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
554:
550:
545:
544:
539:
538:
533:
529:
523:
519:
515:
509:
505:
501:
497:
482:
480:9788535266382
476:
472:
471:
462:
457:
454:
451:
450:The Economist
446:
442:
433:
432:
428:
427:
423:
420:
419:
415:
412:
411:
407:
404:
403:
395:
392:
391:
388:
382:
378:
368:
365:
361:
357:
347:
343:
339:
337:
333:
329:
324:
323:
318:
309:
308:Guido Mantega
305:
288:
284:
280:
272:
267:
264:
262:
258:
255:According to
252:
244:
243:
242:The Economist
237:
223:
221:
216:
212:
208:
204:
194:
192:
188:
185:
184:macroeconomic
181:
176:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
149:
124:
119:
105:
103:
99:
95:
89:
87:
86:
81:
76:
74:
69:
67:
63:
59:
58:
53:
52:
47:
39:
38:
37:The Economist
32:
19:
6919:
6910:
6887:
6878:
6862:
6853:
6844:
6835:
6826:
6817:
6808:
6799:
6776:
6703:
6694:
6660:André Vargas
6653:Impeachments
6613:
6585:
6465:Nelma Kodama
6375:Eron Bezerra
6368:Eike Batista
6341:Eron Bezerra
6265:Milton Monti
6209:Dimas Toledo
6167:Yeda Crusius
6160:Rodrigo Maia
5904:Edison Lobão
5851:José Dirceu
5773:Michel Temer
5452:Edson Fachin
5445:Dias Toffoli
5424:Carmen Lúcia
5392:Raquel Dodge
5336:Erika Marena
5269:
5218:
5117:BANCOOP case
4796:
4588:October 2008
4470:Samba effect
4326:(1987–2000s)
4221:Steel crisis
4044:Black Monday
4022:Encilhamento
3962:Black Friday
3769:
3725:(235–284 CE)
3593:Credit cycle
3385:
3313:
3293:. Retrieved
3289:the original
3284:
3275:
3263:. Retrieved
3253:
3244:
3238:
3224:
3210:
3196:
3185:. Retrieved
3181:
3171:
3159:. Retrieved
3155:
3145:
3133:. Retrieved
3128:
3118:
3106:. Retrieved
3101:
3091:
3079:. Retrieved
3074:
3064:
3052:. Retrieved
3047:
3037:
3025:. Retrieved
3021:
3011:
2999:. Retrieved
2995:
2985:
2973:. Retrieved
2962:
2950:. Retrieved
2939:
2927:. Retrieved
2923:
2899:. Retrieved
2894:
2870:. Retrieved
2865:
2856:
2844:. Retrieved
2839:
2815:. Retrieved
2810:
2801:
2789:. Retrieved
2784:
2775:
2763:. Retrieved
2758:
2735:. Retrieved
2731:
2721:
2709:. Retrieved
2705:
2695:
2683:. Retrieved
2679:
2669:
2657:. Retrieved
2652:
2643:
2634:
2624:
2612:. Retrieved
2602:
2590:. Retrieved
2586:
2576:
2562:
2553:
2544:
2533:. Retrieved
2529:the original
2519:
2507:. Retrieved
2503:
2493:
2481:. Retrieved
2477:
2467:
2455:. Retrieved
2450:
2440:
2428:. Retrieved
2415:
2403:. Retrieved
2398:
2387:
2375:. Retrieved
2370:
2361:
2349:. Retrieved
2339:
2327:. Retrieved
2322:
2313:
2301:. Retrieved
2297:
2287:
2277:November 19,
2275:. Retrieved
2270:
2261:
2249:
2237:. Retrieved
2227:
2215:. Retrieved
2210:
2201:
2192:
2183:. Retrieved
2178:
2169:
2157:. Retrieved
2152:
2143:
2131:. Retrieved
2127:
2117:
2105:. Retrieved
2101:
2091:
2080:. Retrieved
2076:
2067:
2040:. Retrieved
2035:
2026:
2014:. Retrieved
2004:
1995:
1986:
1972:
1963:
1954:
1942:. Retrieved
1932:
1920:. Retrieved
1906:
1894:. Retrieved
1889:
1880:
1868:. Retrieved
1863:
1839:
1827:. Retrieved
1823:
1813:
1802:. Retrieved
1798:
1788:
1779:
1767:. Retrieved
1763:
1753:
1726:
1701:. Retrieved
1696:
1686:
1674:
1662:
1650:. Retrieved
1646:
1636:
1624:
1612:
1600:. Retrieved
1595:
1585:
1546:
1542:
1532:
1520:. Retrieved
1516:
1506:
1493:
1487:
1476:. Retrieved
1472:
1463:
1452:. Retrieved
1448:
1438:
1427:. Retrieved
1423:
1414:
1404:– via
1401:
1377:. Retrieved
1375:. 2016-05-01
1372:
1363:
1343:
1311:. Retrieved
1307:
1297:
1285:. Retrieved
1281:
1271:
1256:
1244:. Retrieved
1240:
1230:
1218:. Retrieved
1214:the original
1203:
1192:. Retrieved
1188:
1179:
1139:
1132:
1124:
1109:
1104:
1085:
1082:
1072:January 2023
1069:
1061:
1038:
1004:Michel Temer
1001:
976:Feb 17 2016
962:Feb 24 2016
948:Apr 16 2016
934:May 5, 2016
904:
891:
880:
872:
841:
814:
810:
787:
751:
747:
737:
725:
702:
698:
685:unemployment
682:
671:Unemployment
666:Consequences
660:
649:
636:
628:
620:Michel Temer
609:
605:pautas-bomba
604:
602:
575:
571:Michel Temer
541:
535:
525:
469:
459:
455:
449:
447:
443:
439:
399:(% per year)
384:
352:
340:
320:
313:
291:. Retrieved
286:
282:
269:
265:
254:
240:
200:
177:
173:minimum wage
154:
90:
83:
77:
70:
55:
49:
45:
43:
35:
6941:Pt category
6793:Brazil cost
6615:Mani pulite
6558:Hugo Chávez
6516:Alan García
6437:Aécio Neves
6396:Romero Jucá
6334:Romero Jucá
6300:Zeca Dirceu
6244:Júlio Lopes
6216:Felipe Maia
6044:Romero Jucá
6023:Paulo Rocha
5981:Kátia Abreu
5974:José Serra
5960:Jorge Viana
5819:Renan Filho
5672: [
5543:Sergio Moro
5300:Prosecutors
5124:Brazil cost
4865:(2017–2018)
4850:(2016–2022)
4806:(2014–2022)
4566:(2007–2009)
4531:(2003–2008)
4480:(2000–2004)
4429:(1994–1996)
4407:(1992–1994)
4392:(1991–2000)
4356:(1990–1992)
4348:(1990–1992)
4318:(1986–1995)
4281:(1982–1994)
4271:(1982–2007)
4253:(1980–1982)
4231:(1975–1982)
4223:(1973–1982)
4194:(1973–1980)
4184:(1973–1982)
4155:(1945–1973)
4120:(1921–1923)
4112:(1917–1924)
4102:(1918–1939)
4024:(1890–1893)
3977:(1870–1914)
3919:(1845–1856)
3879:(1815–1816)
3828:(1769–1784)
3811:(1760–1840)
3774:(1621–1623)
3756:(1544–1551)
3738:(1000–1760)
3637:Flash crash
3607:Debt crisis
3306:Works cited
3261:. June 2017
3131:. São Paulo
2732:Jornal Hoje
2592:18 November
2509:October 12,
2483:January 11,
2457:January 11,
2430:October 11,
2405:October 12,
2377:October 12,
2329:January 11,
2303:January 11,
1652:11 December
1602:11 December
868:criminality
624:temporarily
598:Aécio Neves
532:Arab Spring
326:others, by
215:Aécio Neves
157:commodities
6975:Recessions
6954:Categories
6855:dólar-cabo
5953:Ivo Cassol
5833:Tião Viana
5765:Presidents
5536:Rosa Weber
5263:Penal Code
3658:Accounting
3295:2020-02-29
3187:2019-05-26
3104:. Brasília
3077:. Brasília
3050:. Brasília
3027:25 October
3001:25 October
2929:25 October
2901:2019-05-22
2872:2019-05-22
2737:2017-06-01
2659:7 December
2535:2017-11-26
2082:2021-10-12
1916:BBC Brasil
1804:2021-10-12
1769:10 October
1703:2021-10-12
1598:. Brasília
1522:6 February
1478:2020-03-31
1454:2019-06-09
1429:2019-06-09
1379:2020-03-31
1194:2018-02-16
1172:References
882:resources.
820:Emigration
434:2015-2016
429:2011-2014
421:2006-2010
413:2003-2005
405:1999-2002
364:Selic Rate
328:Paulo Skaf
293:6 February
213:candidate
6736:Vaza Jato
6552:Venezuela
6351:Oligarchs
6188:Cacá Leão
6016:Omar Aziz
5843:Ministers
5804:Governors
5748:Petrobras
5711:Odebrecht
5633:Companies
5271:Vaza Jato
5203:Odebrecht
5067:Offshoots
4916:Recession
3909:1840–1870
2811:Bloomberg
2785:Bloomberg
2554:Bloomberg
1996:globo.com
1793:Estadão.
1577:0103-4014
1569:1806-9592
1553:: 51–60.
1313:9 January
1287:9 January
728:recession
711:Recession
553:World Cup
448:In 2015,
239:Cover of
220:Datafolha
197:Political
191:subsidies
98:recession
44:From mid-
6068:Deputies
5861:Senators
5690:JBS S.A.
5574:Agencies
5508:Luiz Fux
5291:Investi-
5220:Mensalão
3572:Bank run
3451:Protests
3182:VEJA.com
2975:28 March
2952:28 March
2840:IBRE/FGV
2504:Economia
2371:Poder360
2351:June 17,
2239:June 17,
2217:June 17,
2133:June 17,
2107:June 17,
1712:cite web
1697:Mercados
1145:See also
1043:Recovery
973:negative
959:negative
945:negative
931:negative
897:crisis.
885:—
864:Eurostat
860:Portugal
741:—
464:—
274:—
222:survey.
113:Economic
48:onward,
6864:doleiro
6801:caixa 2
5662:Engevix
5626:Targets
5161:Economy
5100:General
3672:Funding
3665:Capital
3419:Reforms
3378:Context
3135:17 June
3108:17 June
3081:17 June
3054:17 June
3022:El País
2765:24 June
2711:24 June
2685:24 June
2635:Estadão
2211:ClicRBS
2159:May 21,
2102:Estadão
2042:17 June
2016:17 June
1944:18 June
1922:25 June
1896:30 June
1890:O Globo
1870:30 June
1829:30 June
1799:Estadão
1596:Estadão
1517:El País
1449:EL PAÍS
1308:O Globo
1282:Estadão
1062:updated
967:S&P
953:Moody's
917:Outlook
565:at her
393:Period
108:Context
102:history
6742:Abroad
6578:Impact
6489:Panama
6482:Abroad
6429:Brazil
5758:People
5741:Furnas
5409:Judges
5293:gators
5228:Mining
5102:topics
5060:Phases
4842:(2016)
4488:(2001)
4472:(1999)
4289:(1982)
4128:(1927)
4075:(1910)
4046:(1894)
4016:(1890)
4008:(1886)
3964:(1869)
3798:(1720)
3790:(1720)
3782:(1637)
3679:Market
3490:Crises
3265:5 June
3161:26 May
2846:23 May
2817:18 May
2791:18 May
2614:6 June
2185:May 7,
1964:R7.com
1575:
1567:
1549:(89).
1351:
1246:5 June
1220:21 May
1116:Russia
994:, the
914:Rating
911:Agency
856:Canada
652:Dieese
520:, and
506:, and
477:
396:Change
226:Causes
140:
134:
128:
51:Brazil
6768:Terms
6689:Media
6427:Other
5734:Cemig
5676:]
5599:(MPF)
5591:(MPU)
5234:Lists
2706:Época
2680:EXAME
2587:Exame
2424:(PDF)
1565:eISSN
1498:(PDF)
1032:; and
925:Fitch
920:Date
852:Japan
766:reais
632:Ibope
424:10.5
416:19.1
408:10.3
161:China
6510:Peru
4609:2009
3714:1000
3712:Pre-
3267:2017
3163:2019
3137:2017
3110:2017
3083:2017
3056:2017
3029:2019
3003:2019
2977:2021
2954:2021
2931:2019
2848:2019
2819:2016
2793:2016
2767:2017
2713:2017
2687:2017
2661:2016
2616:2017
2594:2019
2511:2021
2485:2018
2459:2018
2432:2021
2407:2021
2379:2021
2353:2017
2331:2018
2305:2018
2279:2017
2241:2017
2219:2017
2187:2020
2161:2019
2135:2017
2109:2017
2044:2017
2018:2017
1946:2013
1924:2013
1898:2017
1872:2017
1831:2017
1771:2021
1718:link
1654:2019
1604:2019
1573:ISSN
1524:2018
1349:ISBN
1315:2020
1289:2020
1248:2017
1222:2016
1112:OECD
1024:The
1017:The
1010:The
894:OECD
854:and
551:and
475:ISBN
295:2018
289:(89)
211:PSDB
189:and
46:2014
5210:JBS
1764:BBC
1555:doi
956:Ba2
892:An
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5674:pt
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