807:
52:
1534:
1474:
1316:
1278:
1376:
1594:
1396:
1648:
1454:
1689:
1050:, where the party triumphed in all but three major elections to executive office. The party also has a stronghold in other regions which reject the PT, like Espirito Santo, and in some southern and mid-western states. Unlike the PT, the party has more success in more local elections in the same areas that often vote for the PT in national elections, like the North and Northeastern regions and Minas Gerais. Many leaders of the party come from these regions, like Tasso Jereisatti, Aécio Neves, Teotonio Vilela Filho,
1514:
1336:
1356:
1554:
1436:
1494:
3036:
3008:
2980:
2851:
2830:
2799:
2778:
2736:
2715:
2684:
2663:
2632:
2611:
2580:
2559:
2528:
2507:
2476:
2455:
1296:
1574:
4059:
1416:
1013:'s office in 1990: "If left means to be against the existing social order, and right in favor, then social-democracy is without doubt a left current. A social democrat is before anything else someone who has critical sense — who realizes the injustices of society and has no fear to oppose them, even at the risk of being taken as a subversive or a dreamer".
731:
1157:
In 2017, a group of new, young federal representatives, nicknamed "black heads", in reference to their youth (contrasting the gray or bald heads of older and progressive members), began to gain prominence in the party. This wing, made up of members in their 30s or younger, has shown strong opposition
1120:
often publicly express their discomfort with the party. Even
Cardoso, the most successful figure in the party's history, constantly criticizes such PSDB politicians as Colonel Telhada, a former police officer who was elected a deputy in São Paulo with proposals such as reducing the age of defense of
785:
s own influence in society at large. After supporting the candidacy of
Geraldo Alckmin in the 2018 presidential election (which was eliminated in the first round with 4.8 per cent of the vote), in the second round, some of the party's leaders supported the far-right candidate Jair Bolsonaro, to whom
1029:
and the national telecommunication system. Many political scientists in Brazil believed that the party in its antagonism with the PT made a move to the right in recent years to fill a void in the
Brazilian political spectrum and to put a certain distance between itself and the PT's political views,
674:
was created and drafted the current democratic constitution in 1988. A high proportion of the first members of the PSDB came from the so-called "historic PMDB", which was and still is a very large party with many internal conflicts. The founders of the PSDB were dissatisfied with the results of the
773:
movements that usually characterize social democratic parties; it used to sponsor a central union, the Social-Democracia
Sindical (SDS), which has now merged with the Central Autônoma dos Trabalhadores (CAT) and the much more important Central Geral dos Trabalhadores (CGT) into the União Geral dos
1149:
sentiment within the populace. These antagonisms persist between the voter base together with the new members who joined the party based on right-wing sentiment of opposition to the
Workers' Party versus the party elite and older members with more left-liberal, progressive, social democratic and
992:
Political scientist Glauco Peres notes that the party's move toward conservatism came "in stages," from "the liberal policies and major privatizations of the
Cardoso era" to the gradual emergence of a "conservative and religious discourse" in the early 2010s to the failed campaign of the party's
814:
A mere six years after its creation, the PSDB won the presidency. It grew faster than any other party in
Brazilian history, with an astonishingly good performance in elections at all levels. President Cardoso enjoyed eight years (1994–2002) of political stability in his tenure as President, with
980:
says that "most analysts defined PSDB as center-left as of its foundation, after all, it was the
Brazilian Social Democratic Party". As he notes, "this story changed after 1994, with the election of PSDB to the presidency. A rhetoric of overcoming classical ideological division was one of the
3900:
A maioria dos analistas classificava o PSDB na centro-esquerda quando de sua criação. A estória torna-se outra após 1994, com a chegada do PSDB à presidência. Uma retórica de superação das divisões ideológicas clássicas foi um dos fundamentos justificativos da grande aliança parlamentar com
675:
National
Constitutional Assembly and decided to create a party to reflect the need for a national political renewal. As their manifesto states, the new party was created "away from the official benefits, but close to the pulsing of the streets" (taken from a speech by party leader
1113:, farmers, landowners and business owners. Reasons for this support derive from the more moderate rhetoric and ideology of the party compared with the PT, the major economic reforms which the party led in the 1990s, and the major influence of the Democrats in the party.
872:, the Movement to Combat Electoral Corruption released a ranking on 4 October 2007 regarding the parties that included the largest number of elected officials exposed for corruption since 2000. The PSDB appeared in third place on the list with 58 cases, behind only the
922:, highlighted documents that show alleged irregularities in privatizations that occurred during the administration of the former President Fernando Henrique Cardoso. It contains about 140 pages of photocopied documents in support of the claim that President Cardoso's
1201:
from a progressive viewpoint instead of attacking the traditional rival PT, and a continuing domination of old leftist leaders instead of new and more liberal members with stronger connection with the voter base over the party. They support
Bolsonaro and his
1121:
infancy, harsher penalties for criminals and appealing to the evangelical churches, of which Telhada is a member; and João Dória Junior, mayor of São Paulo between 2016 and 2018 and governor of the state of São Paulo since 2019. Dória is often accused of
981:
justifications of the grand parliamentary alliance with center and right-wing parties. As such, after the 1994 presidential election, most analysts started defining PSDB as a center party along with PMDB". In its 2009 report about Freedom in the World,
879:
The PSDB was considered Brazil's "dirtiest" party by the country’s electoral authority. Yet, according to a 2016 academic study, the party has clearly benefited from the complacency of the Brazilian media, which has barely mentioned these cases.
726:
system of government. However, after the electors rejected parliamentarism in 1993 and even though the PSDB leader Cardoso was elected President the next year, the party did nothing in subsequent years to further the cause of a parliamentarian
1024:
in general ("the consensus is that the state must not be too big or too small, but 'have the size and functions corresponding to the needs of the whole of society'"), yet President Cardoso privatized many large public companies, such as
3436:
The irony is that PT and PSDB are both recognisable centre-left parties whose leaders have far more in common with one another than with the other political parties that they have relied upon to form governing
1100:
Despite being considered a centre-left party by their own members, media and by the Brazilian right, the PSDB has little or no appeal to the majority of Brazilian left. The majority of support and bases of
996:
Workers' Party campaign leader Marco Aurélio Garcia criticized declarations made by PSDB president Sérgio Guerra that PSDB is "the real left". He said that "PSDB is not a right wing party, it is the party
1967:
1241:
According to researcher Christophe Ventura, the party's candidates are often evangelicals, multimillionaires and entrepreneurs. They present themselves as "managers" rather than "politicians".
4009:
According to researcher Christophe Ventura, the party's candidates are often evangelicals, multimillionaires and entrepreneurs. They present themselves as "managers" opposed to "politicians".
3393:
1166:
than the old party members like José Serra and Aloysio Nunes. Black heads now occupy important positions inside the party and with support of the base and social movements like the
3348:
3152:
670:
died, having been the last President not elected directly by the people since the beginning of the military dictatorship. With the formation of new parties, including the PSDB, a
3323:
1093:. The only victory of the party in Rio occurred in 1994, when the majority of voters in the state supported FHC in the presidential election and the toucans Artur da Tavola and
3791:
2034:
742:
The PSDB is one of the largest and most significant political parties in Brazil. Its official program says its policies are social democratic and often associated with the
3901:
partidos de centro e direita . Tanto que, após a eleição presidencial de 1994, a maioria dos analistas passou a classificar o PSDB como partido de centro junto com o PMDB
3980:
3456:
3817:
835:
After suffering defeats in the 2016 and 2018 elections, PSDB went through a rebranding. The font of their logo was changed, the Toucan was removed in favor of a
4778:
3697:
937:
from businessmen who participated in the Brazilian privatization process, held companies in tax shelters, and moved millions of dollars between 1993 and 2003.
643:(PMDB) linked to the European social democratic movement as an attempt to clarify their ideals, its manifesto preached "democracy as a fundamental value" and "
3954:
3533:
2057:
4159:
1891:
831:
Political reform to make stronger parties with electoral district representatives more accountable as well as aiming to reduce and eliminate corruption
3229:
4637:
2039:
4020:
4045:
2048:
3918:
774:
Trabalhadores (UGT), but its impact among the unions has always been quite unimpressive compared to even much smaller parties as the PDT or the
4763:
3094:
2000:
1181:
came in fourth in the presidential election with less than 5% of votes and the party fell to 10th position in number of representatives in the
989:
and Democrats) as a "center-right coalition". However, in the 2010 report by the same organization, PSDB was defined as a "center-left" party.
4707:
3923:
3255:
1983:
3417:
3571:
923:
3997:
3644:
965:, one of the founders of the PSDB, left the party in 2011 for ideological reasons, claiming "that the party had taken a hard turn to the
3281:
912:
4627:
1009:
The PSDB questions the use of what it considers "outdated political labels" such as "left" and "right". To quote a document drafted by
415:
338:
3067:
4152:
3941:
In early 1994, Fernando Henrique Cardoso forged a three-party, centrist coalition around his Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB)
3601:
883:
According to an analysis released on 8 September 2012, of 317 Brazilian politicians who were barred from running in elections by the
401:
4602:
3795:
715:
711:
3671:
851:, the party's principles were revised and the Toucan logo was reinstated under Eduardo Leite's leadership, alongside a new motto,
3765:
4793:
4712:
4476:
4327:
4219:
722:
of government as in most countries of the Americas, the PSDB stands almost alone in the preference given in its manifesto to a
27:
4732:
4552:
1097:
were elected to the senate and state governorship, respectively. PT is also strongly rejected in Rio, however less than PSDB.
4692:
4657:
3830:
3209:
3111:
671:
4687:
4537:
4145:
2111:
1808:
4773:
4522:
4168:
3466:
2643:
2393:
640:
636:
469:
4783:
4737:
4607:
4445:
3016:
2988:
2957:
2931:
3124:
1058:. However, the party has not succeeded in transforming this into results in presidential elections, partly because of
4632:
4557:
4285:
3500:
3425:
765:
which draws together social democratic parties worldwide (the Brazilian member of the Socialist International is the
3958:
3537:
1206:
smashed the voter base of the party. The PSDB faced a runoff in three of the four biggest states, namely São Paulo,
4662:
4381:
4231:
986:
766:
3572:"Declaração Programática do Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira (Documento preliminar para discussão interna)"
1185:, with fewer representatives than the Democrats. The key reasons for this failure were the corruption scandals of
4788:
4702:
4622:
2810:
2758:
2695:
2591:
2539:
2487:
2435:
2294:
2267:
2240:
2213:
2186:
2161:
2136:
1174:
1090:
844:
556:
or official cooperation with each other at any government levels. The PSDB's mascot is a blue and yellow colored
537:
328:
3630:
4697:
4567:
4420:
2321:
1193:, the lack of charisma and wrong strategies of Alckmin in the presidential campaign, which chose to attack the
639:(PMDB) and would later create the Brazilian Social Democracy Party. Founded on 25 June 1988 by members of the
4722:
4532:
4512:
4507:
4339:
4213:
3184:
1203:
148:
4667:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4502:
4430:
4333:
4189:
4179:
3311:
2338:
1182:
663:. The period when the PSDB was created was a very significant moment in the history of Brazilian politics.
373:
225:
1059:
624:
522:
4768:
4652:
4562:
4527:
4255:
4129:
1957:
1804:
962:
927:
647:
as an aim to be reached". In its foundation, the party attempted to unite political groups as diverse as
514:
3336:"Direita ou esquerda? Análise de votações indica posição de partidos brasileiros no espectro ideológico"
4466:
4425:
4345:
4195:
1978:
1895:
1146:
1078:
1026:
806:
791:
735:
632:
518:
3711:
4742:
4682:
4647:
4612:
4517:
4415:
4363:
4261:
4237:
3928:
2876:
2166:
2141:
1787:
1694:
1010:
950:
775:
696:
585:
510:
102:
3091:
51:
4727:
4672:
4597:
4592:
4267:
4072:
3554:
Mainwaring, Scott; Meneguello, Rachel; Power, Timothy J. (2000), "Conservative Parties in Brazil",
869:
548:
in the 1990s, the PSDB and the PT have since the mid-1990s been the bitterest of rivals in current
429:
3525:
1948:
1381:
4542:
4450:
4317:
1066:
762:
387:
318:
3598:
1170:
have the capacity to push the party more to the right-wing of the Brazilian political spectrum.
887:, the PSDB is the party that has the largest number of barred candidates with 56 party members.
692:
4677:
4617:
4471:
4440:
4303:
3513:
2014:
786:
most of the party's traditional electorate had already turned, while former São Paulo Governor
4572:
1533:
4497:
4435:
3153:"'O novo PSDB assume sua bandeira liberal', diz pupilo de Dória - Politica - Estado de Minas"
1142:
1138:
3854:
3725:
3443:
1047:
4369:
4273:
4225:
1593:
1167:
1035:
743:
660:
545:
305:
273:
3491:
3405:
2030:
1961:
1934:
1914:
1842:
1832:
1800:
1473:
1315:
1219:
848:
8:
4717:
4492:
4291:
1791:
1375:
1277:
1194:
1163:
966:
899:
719:
656:
490:
474:
263:
243:
3483:
3210:"Social liberalismo: La brújula rota de Fernando Henrique Cardoso | Nueva Sociedad"
3112:"Social liberalismo: La brújula rota de Fernando Henrique Cardoso | Nueva Sociedad"
1647:
1395:
4547:
4393:
4297:
1943:
1877:
1227:
1110:
1082:
907:
873:
613:
612:
With the imminent collapse of the military dictatorship in the early 1980s, a group of
549:
464:
283:
233:
1361:
4039:
3891:
3826:
2043:
1972:
1952:
1939:
1920:
1859:
1231:
1211:
1051:
1031:
652:
627:, but the group split over ideological grounds. A group of democratic socialists and
533:
253:
3886:
3869:
2010:
4375:
4243:
3881:
3698:"PSDB encerra Diálogos Tucanos com a apresentação das novas diretrizes e logomarca"
3461:
3125:
https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/article/PSDB11.doc
2888:
2343:
1904:
1882:
1688:
1479:
1453:
1401:
1341:
1321:
1094:
755:
648:
577:
258:
1499:
619:
were mobilized to create a leftist party. Some of them attempted to work with the
3335:
3098:
2299:
2218:
1838:
1599:
1539:
1178:
1017:
977:
795:
787:
704:
620:
573:
191:
72:
62:
20:
1559:
1055:
4060:"Eduardo Leite assume presidência do PSDB com desafio de reconstruir o partido"
2872:
1873:
1653:
1301:
1198:
1105:
comes from right-wing sectors like conservative Christians, professionals, the
836:
758:, as well as both fundamentalist neoliberalism and obsolete national-statism".
730:
676:
667:
644:
589:
526:
4137:
3750:
2880:
2272:
2116:
2020:
1814:
1519:
1186:
1150:
pragmatic views, thus an important factor in the often internal rifts between
700:
684:
581:
569:
4757:
4357:
4207:
3914:
3895:
3605:
1910:
1855:
1579:
1513:
1223:
1086:
1021:
982:
958:
747:
541:
268:
19:"PSDB" redirects here. For the romanization method of Taiwanese Hokkien, see
2884:
2245:
2191:
1930:
1828:
1796:
1459:
1421:
930:
680:
601:
597:
4410:
4351:
4201:
4114:
3430:
2024:
1987:
1900:
1822:
1818:
1235:
1207:
1190:
1159:
1106:
1070:
616:
593:
3418:"Doria: 'PSDB deixa de ser partido de centro-esquerda para ser de centro'"
3370:
Party Institutionalization and Women's Representation in Democratic Brazil
1116:
This support is not viewed well inside the "old guard" of the party. Many
3349:"Millionaire Doria of centrist PSDB party wins mayor's race in Sao Paulo"
2061:
2052:
2027:
and chairman of the Committee for External Relations and National Defence
1864:
1335:
1215:
1134:
1130:
973:
884:
770:
1355:
949:
party, some people on the left reject this definition, especially after
160:
3282:"'Sou de esquerda, mas ninguém acredita', diz FHC - 09/04/2014 - Poder"
1868:
904:
723:
688:
628:
238:
181:
171:
3256:"Aécio Neves: 'Para a direita não adianta me empurrar que eu não vou'"
1218:
and centre-right views than Alckmin. PSDB triumphed in São Paulo with
4279:
1126:
954:
553:
3230:"Tucano é hostilizado depois de criticar radicais em ato - Política"
1553:
4642:
3617:
1122:
946:
751:
301:
291:
4019:
G1, Laís Alegretti e Fabiano CostaDo; Brasília, em (5 July 2015).
3981:"La droite brésilienne veut séduire les bolsonaristes " modérés ""
3872:[The left-right confusion in the post-Berlin Wall world].
1435:
3792:"Brazilian political party threatens to sue journalist over book"
3353:
3324:"Leia a carta que Bruno Covas escreveu dois dias antes de morrer"
1924:
1069:, where the positioning of the party in the Brazilian centre and
934:
918:
540:
from the late 1970s through the 1980s, and later shifting toward
4021:"Aécio Neves é reeleito para presidir o PSDB por mais dois anos"
3645:"Ex-governador Alberto Goldman, do PSDB, declara apoio a Haddad"
3484:"Exclusive: Brazil opposition leader will seek economic reforms"
3394:"Exclusive: Brazil opposition leader will seek economic reforms"
1493:
1295:
1077:
and another parties with less national representation, like the
4101:
Official website of Institute of Political studies of the party
3556:
Conservative Parties, the Right, and Democracy in Latin America
1573:
557:
358:
164:
3794:. Knight Center for Journalism in the Americas. Archived from
3726:"Desde 2000, 623 políticos foram cassados. DEM lidera ranking"
3068:"PSDB escolhe Marconi Perillo como novo presidente do partido"
2004:
1886:
1415:
1845:
and presidential candidate for 2006 and 2018, former member
1177:, the party suffered the greatest defeat in its history as
1074:
972:
In an article titled "The left-right confusion in the post-
746:
movement, although the party is also seen as influenced by
710:
In a country where two constitutional referendums, held in
352:
3631:"Brésil : Au secours l'extrême-droite revient ?"
815:
achievement toward these tenets of PSDB's stated program:
3870:"A confusão esquerda-direita no mundo pós-Muro de Berlim"
3553:
1835:
and former presidential candidate for 2022, former member
847:, especially with the loss of their longtime hegemony in
4100:
3672:"PSDB tem nova logo e "mata" tucano clássico em emblema"
1158:
to support of the party for the government of President
158:
SGAS Q.607, Ed. Metrópolis, Mód. B Cobertura 2 - Asa Sul
3998:"Garcia: 'PSDB não é partido de direita, é da direita'"
1917:
and candidate for vice president in 2022, former member
1776:
1062:'s charisma and partly because of internal infighting.
993:
right-wing presidential candidate Aecio Neves in 2014.
3766:"PSDB tem o maior número de barrados pelo Ficha Limpa"
4090:
1817:, former party president, current federal deputy for
517:, the PSDB was the main opposition party against the
449:
828:
Sustainable economic growth with wealth distribution
843:("For Brazil"). However, after heavy losses in the
3846:
3718:
3305:
985:defined the opposition coalition (formed by PSDB,
957:politics as President. The party has been seen as
761:Despite its name, the PSDB is not a member of the
4638:Party of the Reconstruction of the National Order
3185:"Artigo: Por uma Social Democracia contemporânea"
3092:"Estatísticas do eleitorado – Eleitores filiados"
2007:and party floor leader at the Chamber of Deputies
4755:
4121:Numbers of Brazilian Official Political Parties
1885:, former party president and former senator for
635:(PT) while the social democrats remained in the
4167:
3789:
3763:
3135:
910:, a former special reporter of weekly magazine
2017:and third secretary of the Chamber of Deputies
4779:Christian democratic parties in South America
4153:
3913:
3558:, Johns Hopkins University Press, p. 178
3465:(in Portuguese). 28 July 2015. Archived from
1030:which also moved more to the right (from the
769:, PDT). The party has never had the links to
750:. The party's program states that it "reject
513:. As the formerly third largest party in the
3819:A Construção da ideologia neoliberal do PSDB
1811:and presidential candidate for 2002 and 2010
1189:, the party's support for the government of
1046:The main electoral base of the party is the
822:Keeping the state at a minimally needed size
718:, have shown a very strong preference for a
4044:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3852:
3547:
1781:
1249:
1065:Most rejection of the party comes from the
631:joined the labour movement and founded the
4628:Party of the Christian Democracy of Brazil
4160:
4146:
4018:
3757:
3651:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 24 October 2018
3372:. Cambridge University Press. p. 166.
3262:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 9 November 2014
1592:
1572:
1532:
1452:
1294:
1276:
339:Christian Democrat Organization of America
50:
3885:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3055:
2072:
1849:
4603:Movement for the Unity of the Communists
3947:
3867:
2723:
2720:
2702:
2699:
2327:
863:
805:
729:
3569:
3511:
3189:Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira
1038:) in the 1990s in order to be elected.
945:Although the PSDB declares itself as a
495:Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira
43:Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira
4756:
3391:
3052:
2898:
1994:
1004:
890:
28:Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011)
4764:Political parties established in 1988
4141:
3498:
3457:"PSDB: de progressista a conservador"
3367:
3182:
3150:
810:PSDB logo used between 2019 and 2023.
679:). Some of the founding members were
4688:Republican Party of the Social Order
3919:"Freedom in the World 2009 – Brazil"
3764:Talita Abrantes (8 September 2012).
3065:
2067:
1777:Prominent members and former members
1145:and aggressive exploitation of anti-
4733:Socialist Republican Party of Ceará
4553:Evolutionist Liberal Party of Ceará
3599:"404 - File or directory not found"
3183:Leone, Matheus (18 November 2013).
1825:and presidential candidate for 2014
1613:
1244:
839:and the party received a new motto
641:Brazilian Democratic Movement Party
637:Brazilian Democratic Movement Party
552:—both parties prohibit any kind of
507:Party of Brazilian Social Democracy
149:Brazilian Democratic Movement Party
13:
4693:Retirees' National Party of Brazil
3790:Natalia Mazotte (2 January 2012).
3669:
3663:
3492:"Has Brazil voted for continuity?"
3406:"Has Brazil voted for continuity?"
3140:. Mauad Editora Ltda. p. 111.
666:On 21 April 1985, President-elect
560:, with party members being called
14:
4805:
4082:
503:Brazilian Social Democratic Party
4388:Brazilian Social Democracy Party
4250:Brazilian Social Democracy Party
4075:blogdoraul.com.br September 2011
3570:Goldman, Alberto (18 May 2001).
3499:Foley, Conor (4 February 2009).
3035:
3034:
3007:
3006:
2979:
2978:
2850:
2849:
2829:
2828:
2798:
2797:
2777:
2776:
2735:
2734:
2714:
2713:
2683:
2682:
2662:
2661:
2631:
2630:
2610:
2609:
2579:
2578:
2558:
2557:
2527:
2526:
2506:
2505:
2475:
2474:
2454:
2453:
1687:
1646:
1552:
1512:
1492:
1472:
1434:
1414:
1394:
1374:
1354:
1334:
1314:
961:by critics from its beginnings.
858:
672:National Constitutional Assembly
487:Brazilian Social Democracy Party
40:Brazilian Social Democracy Party
4623:Party of Popular Representation
4446:United Socialist Workers' Party
4066:
4052:
4012:
4003:
3991:
3973:
3957:. Freedom House. Archived from
3907:
3887:10.1590/S0011-52582004000300006
3861:
3810:
3783:
3743:
3704:
3690:
3637:
3623:
3618:"União Geral dos Trabalhadores"
3611:
3592:
3563:
3392:Winter, Brian (November 2010).
3382:
3376:
3361:
3341:
3329:
3317:
3299:
3274:
3248:
3222:
3216:
3151:Minas, Estado de (4 May 2019).
2865:
845:2022 Brazilian general election
825:Administrative decentralization
801:
734:Presidential elections against
329:Centrist Democrat International
4713:Social Democratic Party (1987)
4708:Social Democratic Party (1945)
4698:Rio-grandense Republican Party
4633:Party of the Nation's Retirees
4421:Brazilian Labour Renewal Party
3853:Bresser Pereira, Luiz Carlos.
3501:"Looking for Lula's successor"
3426:"Looking for Lula's successor"
3202:
3176:
3170:
3144:
3129:
3118:
3104:
3085:
2322:2021 PSDB presidential primary
868:Based on data released by the
1:
4794:1988 establishments in Brazil
4533:Conservative Republican Party
4513:Brazilian Labour Party (1981)
4508:Brazilian Labour Party (1945)
4477:Revolutionary Communist Party
4340:Brazilian Democratic Movement
4214:Brazilian Democratic Movement
3955:"Map of Freedom in the World"
3855:"Adeus à política partidária"
3512:Philips, Tom (5 March 2010).
3450:(in Portuguese). 18 May 2011.
3444:"Adeus à política partidária"
3136:Peter Kingstone, ed. (2008).
3045:
2023:, current federal deputy for
2013:, current federal deputy for
2003:, current federal deputy for
1226:and in the agrarian state of
1041:
819:Constant defense of democracy
532:Born together as part of the
4668:Proletarian Liberation Party
4658:Progressive Republican Party
4578:Humanist Party of Solidarity
4503:Brazilian Integralist Action
3751:"The politics of corruption"
3526:"latinbusinesschronicle.com"
3494:. BBC News. 31 October 2010.
2838:
2835:
2817:
2814:
2786:
2783:
2765:
2762:
2671:
2668:
2650:
2647:
2619:
2616:
2598:
2595:
2567:
2564:
2546:
2543:
2515:
2512:
2494:
2491:
2463:
2460:
2442:
2439:
2416:
2413:
2400:
2397:
1214:, all of them with more pro-
7:
4563:Fluminense Republican Party
4460:Unregistered active parties
4256:Socialism and Liberty Party
4169:Political parties in Brazil
3534:"Freedom in the World 2010"
3486:. Reuters. 1 November 2010.
3138:Democratic Brazil Revisited
1809:Minister of Foreign Affairs
1162:and a far more support for
963:Luiz Carlos Bresser-Pereira
940:
10:
4810:
4774:Centrist parties in Brazil
4523:Christian Democratic Party
3712:"PSDB moderniza sua marca"
2319:
1986:, former vice governor of
1977:, former vice governor of
1903:, current senator for the
1079:Brazilian Republican Party
1027:Companhia Vale do Rio Doce
976:world", political analyst
607:
25:
18:
4784:Liberal parties in Brazil
4738:Syndicalist Popular Party
4648:Paulista Republican Party
4613:National Renewal Alliance
4608:National Democratic Union
4518:Catholic Electoral League
4485:
4459:
4416:Brazilian Communist Party
4403:
4364:Brazilian Socialist Party
4313:
4262:Communist Party of Brazil
4238:Brazilian Socialist Party
4175:
4126:
4119:
4111:
3868:Segrillo, Angelo (2004).
3678:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
3579:Instituto de Iberoamérica
3236:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
2877:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
2733:
2726:
2712:
2705:
2694:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2334:
2167:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
2142:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
1788:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
1706:
1704:
1695:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
1693:
1686:
1665:
1663:
1652:
1645:
1640:
1637:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1270:
1267:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1222:, Rio Grande do Sul with
1060:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
1016:The party did not preach
1011:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
951:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
776:Communist Party of Brazil
697:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
625:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
586:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
523:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
511:political party in Brazil
460:
447:
442:
428:
414:
400:
386:
372:
365:TSE Identification Number
364:
345:
334:
325:International affiliation
324:
314:
297:Historical, now minority:
282:
224:
216:
208:
200:
190:
180:
176:Instituto Teotônio Vilela
170:
154:
144:
126:
108:
103:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
96:
88:
78:
68:
58:
49:
37:
16:Political party in Brazil
4728:Social Progressive Party
4673:Reform Progressive Party
4598:Mineiro Republican Party
4558:Federal Republican Party
4404:Other registered parties
4286:Democratic Renewal Party
2314:In government coalition
2181:In government coalition
2156:In government coalition
2060:, current vice mayor of
1782:President and candidates
1250:List of party presidents
870:Superior Electoral Court
564:for this reason. Famous
521:(PT) administrations of
26:Not to be confused with
4543:Democratic Social Party
4426:Brazilian Woman's Party
4382:Democratic Labour Party
4328:Social Democratic Party
4232:Democratic Labour Party
4220:Social Democratic Party
3368:Wylie, Kristin (2018).
1067:State of Rio de Janeiro
767:Democratic Labour Party
763:Socialist International
284:Political position
4789:Social liberal parties
4743:Workers' General Party
4703:Social Christian Party
4678:Renovator Labour Party
4618:Orienting Labour Party
4304:Sustainability Network
4176:Parties represented in
2073:Presidential elections
1923:, current senator for
1913:, current senator for
1894:, current senator for
1876:, current governor of
1867:, current governor of
1858:, current governor of
1850:Governors and Senators
1091:Social Christian Party
811:
739:
494:
132:; 35 years ago
114:; 36 years ago
4568:Free Fatherland Party
4498:Brazilian Black Front
4436:National Mobilization
2328:Legislative elections
1960:, former governor of
1951:, former governor of
1949:Ranolfo Vieira Júnior
1942:, former governor of
1933:, former Senator for
1841:, former governor of
1831:, former governor of
1821:, former senator for
1799:, former senator for
1382:Teotônio Vilela Filho
1175:2018 general election
1143:market fundamentalism
864:Ranking of corruption
855:("Only one Brazil").
809:
738:between 1994 and 2014
733:
661:democratic socialists
538:military dictatorship
501:), also known as the
4723:Social Liberal Party
4588:Liberal Party (1985)
4583:Liberal Party (1831)
4451:Workers' Cause Party
3540:on 23 December 2011.
3514:"Working class hero"
2871:Alternation between
1283:Provisory Committee
1204:Social Liberal Party
1168:Free Brazil Movement
1054:, Sergio Guerra and
924:Minister of Planning
916:and daily newspaper
693:André Franco Montoro
546:liberal conservatism
335:Regional affiliation
315:National affiliation
274:Liberal conservatism
4718:Social Labour Party
4573:Gaúcho United Front
4493:Alliance for Brazil
4431:Christian Democracy
4314:Parties represented
4180:Chamber of Deputies
4073:De Volta ao Começo!
3987:. 26 December 2019.
3961:on 23 December 2011
3434:. 4 February 2009.
2905:
2899:Municipal elections
2339:Chamber of Deputies
2051:, current mayor of
2042:, current mayor of
2033:, current mayor of
1995:Mayors and Deputies
1792:President of Brazil
1195:right-wing populist
1183:Chamber of Deputies
1164:economic liberalism
1005:Political alignment
900:A Privataria Tucana
892:A Privataria Tucana
720:presidential system
657:Christian democrats
584:, former President
529:from 2003 to 2016.
374:Chamber of Deputies
264:Christian democracy
244:Economic liberalism
130:24 August 1989
4769:Neoliberal parties
4653:Progressive League
4528:Conservative Party
4115:44 – UNION (UNIÃO)
3798:on 2 February 2012
3412:. 31 October 2010.
3338:. BBC News Brasil.
3097:9 May 2019 at the
2923:overall seats won
2903:
2349:Role in government
1944:Mato Grosso do Sul
1878:Mato Grosso do Sul
1805:Minister of Health
1604:November 30, 2023
1587:November 30, 2023
1527:December 17, 2017
1487:November 23, 2007
1228:Mato Grosso do Sul
1111:upper middle class
1048:State of São Paulo
928:Minister of Health
908:Amaury Ribeiro Jr.
812:
740:
550:Brazilian politics
536:opposition to the
465:Politics of Brazil
212:Diversidade Tucana
98:Honorary President
4751:
4750:
4663:Progressive Party
4136:
4135:
4127:Succeeded by
4124:45 – BSDP (PSDB)
3876:(in Portuguese).
3832:978-85-60979-08-0
3753:. September 2019.
3714:. 24 August 2023.
3700:. 24 August 2023.
3649:UOL Eleições 2018
3469:on 27 August 2017
3357:. 3 October 2016.
3066:Teixeira, Pedro.
3043:
3042:
2861:
2860:
2318:
2317:
2068:Electoral history
2058:Maurício Carvalho
2031:Álvaro Costa Dias
1953:Rio Grande do Sul
1940:Reinaldo Azambuja
1921:Alessandro Vieira
1860:Rio Grande do Sul
1774:
1773:
1611:
1610:
1567:January 31, 2023
1544:December 17, 2017
1504:November 23, 2007
1232:Reinaldo Azambuja
1220:João Doria Junior
1212:Rio Grande do Sul
1052:Cassio Cunha Lima
1001:the right wing".
592:, Aloysio Nunes,
534:social democratic
515:National Congress
483:
482:
470:Political parties
254:Social liberalism
112:25 June 1988
92:Reinaldo Azambuja
82:Paula Mascarenhas
69:General Secretary
4801:
4683:Republican Party
4538:Democratic Party
4162:
4155:
4148:
4139:
4138:
4130:50 – SOLP (PSOL)
4112:Preceded by
4109:
4108:
4105:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4091:Official website
4076:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4043:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4016:
4010:
4007:
4001:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3951:
3945:
3943:
3938:
3936:
3927:. Archived from
3917:(16 July 2009).
3911:
3905:
3903:
3889:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3824:
3814:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3803:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3722:
3716:
3715:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3627:
3621:
3615:
3609:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3576:
3567:
3561:
3559:
3551:
3545:
3541:
3536:. Archived from
3529:
3521:
3508:
3495:
3487:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3462:Jornal do Brasil
3451:
3448:folha.uol.com.br
3439:
3421:
3413:
3401:
3386:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3286:Folha de S.Paulo
3278:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3226:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3180:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3133:
3127:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3108:
3102:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3063:
3038:
3037:
3030:
3010:
3009:
3002:
2982:
2981:
2974:
2948:
2906:
2902:
2892:
2889:Pimenta da Veiga
2869:
2853:
2852:
2845:
2832:
2831:
2824:
2801:
2800:
2793:
2780:
2779:
2772:
2753:
2745:
2738:
2737:
2730:
2717:
2716:
2709:
2686:
2685:
2678:
2665:
2664:
2657:
2634:
2633:
2626:
2613:
2612:
2605:
2582:
2581:
2574:
2561:
2560:
2553:
2530:
2529:
2522:
2509:
2508:
2501:
2478:
2477:
2470:
2457:
2456:
2449:
2423:
2407:
2332:
2331:
2077:
2076:
1976:
1905:Federal District
1883:Tasso Jereissati
1691:
1650:
1618:
1617:
1614:Honor Presidents
1596:
1584:January 31, 2023
1576:
1556:
1536:
1516:
1496:
1480:Tasso Jereissati
1476:
1456:
1441:Eduardo Azeredo
1438:
1418:
1398:
1378:
1358:
1342:Pimenta da Veiga
1338:
1322:Tasso Jereissati
1318:
1298:
1280:
1254:
1253:
1245:Party leadership
1095:Marcello Alencar
885:Clean Record Act
784:
756:authoritarianism
649:social democrats
578:Tasso Jereissati
456:
453:
451:
437:
423:
416:State Assemblies
409:
395:
381:
357:
351:
259:Social democracy
140:
138:
133:
122:
120:
115:
99:
54:
35:
34:
4809:
4808:
4804:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4754:
4753:
4752:
4747:
4593:Liberator Party
4486:Defunct parties
4481:
4455:
4399:
4320:
4315:
4309:
4182:
4177:
4171:
4166:
4132:
4123:
4117:
4104:(in Portuguese)
4103:
4096:(in Portuguese)
4095:
4089:
4088:
4085:
4080:
4079:
4071:
4067:
4058:
4057:
4053:
4037:
4036:
4029:
4027:
4017:
4013:
4008:
4004:
3996:
3992:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3964:
3962:
3953:
3952:
3948:
3934:
3932:
3931:on 24 July 2011
3912:
3908:
3866:
3862:
3851:
3847:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3811:
3801:
3799:
3788:
3784:
3774:
3772:
3762:
3758:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3734:
3732:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3681:
3679:
3670:Soares, Olavo.
3668:
3664:
3654:
3652:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3616:
3612:
3597:
3593:
3583:
3581:
3574:
3568:
3564:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3532:
3528:. 5 March 2021.
3524:
3490:
3482:
3472:
3470:
3455:
3442:
3424:
3416:
3404:
3387:
3383:
3377:
3366:
3362:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3334:
3330:
3322:
3318:
3310:
3306:
3300:
3290:
3288:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3265:
3263:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3239:
3237:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3217:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3193:
3191:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3161:
3159:
3157:Estado de Minas
3149:
3145:
3134:
3130:
3123:
3119:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3099:Wayback Machine
3090:
3086:
3076:
3074:
3064:
3053:
3048:
3031:
3028:
3003:
3000:
2975:
2972:
2949:
2946:
2922:
2901:
2896:
2895:
2870:
2866:
2846:
2843:
2825:
2822:
2794:
2791:
2773:
2770:
2751:
2743:
2731:
2728:
2710:
2707:
2679:
2676:
2658:
2655:
2627:
2624:
2606:
2603:
2575:
2572:
2554:
2551:
2523:
2520:
2502:
2499:
2471:
2468:
2450:
2447:
2424:
2421:
2408:
2405:
2330:
2325:
2300:Geraldo Alckmin
2219:Geraldo Alckmin
2075:
2070:
2040:Cinthia Ribeiro
1997:
1990:, former member
1970:
1964:, former member
1927:, former member
1907:, former member
1852:
1839:Geraldo Alckmin
1784:
1779:
1616:
1600:Marconi Perillo
1540:Geraldo Alckmin
1362:Artur da Távola
1252:
1247:
1179:Geraldo Alckmin
1073:often loses to
1044:
1034:or left to the
1018:nationalization
1007:
978:Angelo Segrillo
943:
895:
866:
861:
804:
796:Fernando Haddad
788:Alberto Goldman
782:
724:parliamentarian
705:Geraldo Alckmin
653:social liberals
621:labour movement
610:
574:Geraldo Alckmin
479:
448:
438:
435:
424:
421:
410:
407:
396:
393:
382:
379:
355:
349:
310:
278:
159:
145:Split from
136:
134:
131:
118:
116:
113:
97:
84:Duarte Nogueira
83:
73:Paulo Abi-Ackel
63:Marconi Perillo
45:
44:
41:
31:
24:
21:Phofsit Daibuun
17:
12:
11:
5:
4807:
4797:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4463:
4461:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4391:
4385:
4379:
4373:
4367:
4361:
4355:
4349:
4346:Workers' Party
4343:
4337:
4331:
4324:
4322:
4318:Federal Senate
4311:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4301:
4295:
4289:
4283:
4277:
4271:
4265:
4259:
4253:
4247:
4241:
4235:
4229:
4223:
4217:
4211:
4205:
4199:
4196:Workers' Party
4193:
4186:
4184:
4173:
4172:
4165:
4164:
4157:
4150:
4142:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4125:
4118:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4098:
4084:
4083:External links
4081:
4078:
4077:
4065:
4051:
4011:
4002:
3990:
3972:
3946:
3906:
3860:
3845:
3831:
3809:
3782:
3756:
3742:
3717:
3703:
3689:
3676:Gazeta do Povo
3662:
3636:
3622:
3610:
3604:2006-10-14 at
3591:
3562:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3530:
3522:
3509:
3496:
3488:
3480:
3453:
3440:
3422:
3414:
3402:
3388:
3381:
3375:
3360:
3340:
3328:
3316:
3304:
3298:
3273:
3247:
3221:
3215:
3201:
3175:
3169:
3143:
3128:
3117:
3103:
3084:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3032:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3004:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2976:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2950:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2873:Franco Montoro
2863:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2847:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2826:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2795:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2774:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2747:
2746:
2740:
2732:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2711:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2680:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2659:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2628:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2607:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2584:
2576:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2555:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2524:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2503:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2472:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2451:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2344:Federal Senate
2341:
2336:
2329:
2326:
2320:For more, see
2316:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2289:In opposition
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2262:In opposition
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2235:In opposition
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2208:In opposition
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2131:In opposition
2129:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2055:
2046:
2037:
2028:
2018:
2015:Santa Catarina
2011:Geovania de Sá
2008:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1981:
1968:Carlos Almeida
1965:
1958:Rodrigo Garcia
1955:
1946:
1937:
1928:
1918:
1908:
1898:
1892:Plínio Valério
1889:
1880:
1874:Eduardo Riedel
1871:
1862:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1836:
1826:
1812:
1794:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1692:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1654:Franco Montoro
1651:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1597:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1577:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1557:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1537:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1517:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1497:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1477:
1469:
1468:
1467:November 2005
1465:
1462:
1457:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1419:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1399:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1379:
1371:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1359:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1339:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1319:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1302:Franco Montoro
1299:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1199:Jair Bolsonaro
1147:Workers' Party
1043:
1040:
1006:
1003:
942:
939:
897:The 2011 book
894:
889:
876:and the PMDB.
865:
862:
860:
857:
837:flag of Brazil
833:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
803:
800:
792:Workers’ Party
736:Workers' Party
677:Franco Montoro
668:Tancredo Neves
645:social justice
633:Workers' Party
609:
606:
590:Franco Montoro
527:Dilma Rousseff
519:Workers' Party
481:
480:
478:
477:
472:
467:
461:
458:
457:
445:
444:
440:
439:
434:
432:
426:
425:
420:
418:
412:
411:
406:
404:
398:
397:
392:
390:
388:Federal Senate
384:
383:
378:
376:
370:
369:
366:
362:
361:
347:
343:
342:
336:
332:
331:
326:
322:
321:
319:Always Forward
316:
312:
311:
309:
308:
299:
294:
288:
286:
280:
279:
277:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
230:
228:
222:
221:
218:
214:
213:
210:
206:
205:
202:
198:
197:
194:
188:
187:
186:Juventude PSDB
184:
178:
177:
174:
168:
167:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
128:
124:
123:
110:
106:
105:
100:
94:
93:
90:
86:
85:
80:
79:Vice President
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
47:
46:
42:
39:
38:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4806:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
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4516:
4514:
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4509:
4506:
4504:
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4490:
4488:
4484:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4458:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4441:Popular Unity
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4402:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4386:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4344:
4341:
4338:
4335:
4334:Liberal Party
4332:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4312:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4296:
4293:
4290:
4287:
4284:
4281:
4278:
4275:
4272:
4269:
4266:
4263:
4260:
4257:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4194:
4191:
4190:Liberal Party
4188:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4174:
4170:
4163:
4158:
4156:
4151:
4149:
4144:
4143:
4140:
4131:
4122:
4116:
4110:
4102:
4099:
4092:
4087:
4086:
4074:
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4055:
4047:
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4026:
4022:
4015:
4006:
3999:
3994:
3986:
3982:
3976:
3960:
3956:
3950:
3942:
3930:
3926:
3925:
3920:
3916:
3915:Freedom House
3910:
3902:
3897:
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3606:archive.today
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2120:
2118:
2115:
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2110:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2089:Second round
2078:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2049:Hildon Chaves
2047:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1974:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1911:Mara Gabrilli
1909:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1856:Eduardo Leite
1854:
1853:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1834:
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1824:
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1701:
1698:
1696:
1690:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1666:Died in 1999
1660:
1657:
1655:
1649:
1644:
1636:
1619:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1580:Eduardo Leite
1578:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1547:May 31, 2019
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1507:May 18, 2013
1506:
1503:
1501:
1500:Sérgio Guerra
1498:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1484:November 2005
1483:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1455:
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1450:
1447:October 2005
1446:
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1224:Eduardo Leite
1221:
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1124:
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1088:
1087:Progressistas
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1022:privatization
1019:
1014:
1012:
1002:
1000:
994:
990:
988:
984:
983:Freedom House
979:
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948:
938:
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903:, written by
902:
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859:Controversies
856:
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827:
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799:
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749:
748:neoliberalism
745:
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617:intellectuals
615:
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583:
579:
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559:
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542:neoliberalism
539:
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402:Governorships
399:
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269:Progressivism
267:
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107:
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77:
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71:
67:
64:
61:
57:
53:
48:
36:
33:
29:
22:
4472:Pirate Party
4467:Libertarians
4387:
4358:Progressives
4352:Brazil Union
4249:
4208:Progressives
4202:Brazil Union
4120:
4068:
4054:
4028:. Retrieved
4024:
4014:
4005:
3993:
3984:
3975:
3963:. Retrieved
3959:the original
3949:
3940:
3933:. Retrieved
3929:the original
3922:
3909:
3899:
3877:
3873:
3863:
3848:
3836:. Retrieved
3818:
3812:
3800:. Retrieved
3796:the original
3785:
3773:. Retrieved
3769:
3759:
3745:
3733:. Retrieved
3729:
3720:
3706:
3692:
3680:. Retrieved
3675:
3665:
3653:. Retrieved
3648:
3639:
3625:
3613:
3594:
3582:. Retrieved
3578:
3565:
3555:
3549:
3538:the original
3518:The Guardian
3517:
3505:The Guardian
3504:
3471:. Retrieved
3467:the original
3460:
3447:
3435:
3431:The Guardian
3429:
3409:
3397:
3384:
3378:
3369:
3363:
3352:
3343:
3331:
3319:
3307:
3301:
3291:24 September
3289:. Retrieved
3285:
3276:
3266:24 September
3264:. Retrieved
3259:
3250:
3240:24 September
3238:. Retrieved
3233:
3224:
3218:
3212:. July 1995.
3204:
3192:. Retrieved
3188:
3178:
3172:
3160:. Retrieved
3156:
3146:
3137:
3131:
3120:
3114:. July 1995.
3106:
3087:
3075:. Retrieved
3071:
2965:13.57 (2nd)
2867:
2857:Independent
2805:Independent
2430:Independent
2383:
2378:
2373:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2348:
2124:11.5% (4th)
2106:Vote %
2100:Vote %
2086:First round
2025:Minas Gerais
2001:Adolfo Viana
1988:Minas Gerais
1901:Izalci Lucas
1823:Minas Gerais
1819:Minas Gerais
1564:May 31, 2019
1560:Bruno Araújo
1524:May 18, 2013
1464:October 2005
1444:January 2005
1240:
1236:centre-right
1208:Minas Gerais
1191:Michel Temer
1172:
1160:Michel Temer
1156:
1151:
1117:
1115:
1102:
1099:
1071:centre-right
1064:
1056:Simão Jatene
1045:
1015:
1008:
998:
995:
991:
971:
944:
917:
911:
898:
896:
891:
882:
878:
867:
853:Um só Brasil
852:
840:
834:
813:
802:Recent times
779:
778:, or to the
760:
741:
709:
665:
611:
594:Yeda Crusius
565:
561:
531:
506:
502:
498:
486:
484:
296:
248:
192:Women's wing
155:Headquarters
32:
4370:Republicans
4280:Citizenship
4274:Green Party
4226:Republicans
4183:(513 seats)
3985:Le Monde.fr
3880:: 615–632.
3584:15 November
3473:26 February
3437:coalitions.
3077:30 November
3029:520 / 5,568
3021:10,332,139
3001:803 / 5,568
2993:17,633,653
2973:693 / 5,568
2962:13,950,000
2947:791 / 5,568
2936:14,537,570
2881:Mário Covas
2784:20,310,558
2752:(2016-2018)
2744:(2014-2016)
2742:Opposition
2721:23,880,078
2700:11,073,631
2690:Opposition
2669:30,903,736
2648:11,477,380
2638:Opposition
2617:10,547,778
2596:12,691,043
2586:Opposition
2565:21,360,291
2544:12,473,743
2492:11,684,900
2461:15,652,182
2286:48.4 (2nd)
2283:51,041,155
2280:33.6 (2nd)
2277:34,897,211
2273:Aécio Neves
2259:44.0 (2nd)
2256:43,711,388
2253:32.6 (2nd)
2250:33,132,283
2232:39.2 (2nd)
2229:37,543,178
2226:41.6 (2nd)
2223:39,968,369
2205:38.7 (2nd)
2202:33,356,860
2199:23.2 (2nd)
2196:19,694,843
2174:53.1 (1st)
2171:35,922,692
2149:54.3 (1st)
2146:34,362,726
2117:Mário Covas
2062:Porto Velho
2053:Porto Velho
2021:Aécio Neves
1984:Paulo Brant
1971: [
1865:Raquel Lyra
1815:Aécio Neves
1630:Convention
1520:Aécio Neves
1402:José Aníbal
1238:candidate.
1216:free market
1187:Aécio Neves
1135:personalism
1131:opportunism
1127:demagoguery
1036:centre-left
974:Berlin Wall
841:Pelo Brasil
771:trade union
701:Aécio Neves
685:Mário Covas
629:Trotskyists
582:Aécio Neves
570:Mário Covas
436:519 / 5,566
306:centre-left
196:PSDB Mulher
4758:Categories
4321:(81 seats)
4292:Solidarity
3935:17 January
3838:19 October
3775:21 October
3735:19 October
3682:17 October
3655:16 January
3312:"Programa"
3194:6 November
3072:CNN Brasil
3046:References
2885:José Richa
2836:1,394,547
2815:3,309,061
2763:5,905,541
2750:Coalition
2534:Coalition
2513:6,366,681
2482:Coalition
2440:6,350,941
2398:3,515,809
2307:4.8 (4th)
2304:5,096,277
2246:José Serra
2192:José Serra
2121:7,786,939
2083:Candidate
1931:José Serra
1869:Pernambuco
1829:João Doria
1797:José Serra
1770:Incumbent
1607:Incumbent
1460:José Serra
1422:José Serra
1197:candidate
1042:Voter base
959:neoliberal
931:José Serra
926:and later
905:journalist
794:candidate
689:Ciro Gomes
681:José Serra
602:José Serra
598:João Doria
491:Portuguese
422:73 / 1,059
341:(observer)
239:Liberalism
217:Membership
201:Black wing
182:Youth wing
172:Think tank
137:1989-08-24
119:1988-06-25
4548:Democrats
4394:New Party
4298:New Party
4030:19 August
3896:0011-5258
3520:. London.
3507:. London.
3162:19 August
2335:Election
1962:São Paulo
1935:São Paulo
1915:São Paulo
1843:São Paulo
1833:São Paulo
1803:, former
1801:São Paulo
1790:, former
1234:, also a
1139:promotion
1083:Democrats
955:Third Way
953:embraced
935:kickbacks
933:received
874:Democrats
849:São Paulo
798:instead.
790:endorsed
744:Third Way
614:left-wing
554:coalition
475:Elections
249:Factions:
234:Third Way
220:1,461,364
209:LGBT wing
204:TucanAFRO
127:Legalized
89:Treasurer
59:President
4040:cite web
4025:Política
3802:24 March
3602:Archived
3410:BBC News
3095:Archived
2915:% votes
2823:13 / 513
2771:29 / 513
2708:54 / 513
2656:53 / 513
2604:65 / 513
2552:70 / 513
2500:99 / 513
2448:62 / 513
2406:38 / 513
1979:Amazonas
1896:Amazonas
1621:Picture
1257:Picture
1123:populism
1089:and the
1032:far-left
947:centrist
941:Ideology
752:populism
568:include
380:13 / 513
226:Ideology
161:Brasília
4643:Patriot
4316:in the
4268:Forward
3965:14 June
3730:O Globo
3420:. Veja.
3398:Reuters
3354:Reuters
3260:O Globo
3234:Estadão
2904:Mayors
2787:11.85%
2729:10 / 81
2724:26.73%
2703:11.39%
2677:11 / 81
2672:18.13%
2651:11.88%
2625:14 / 81
2620:12.50%
2599:13.62%
2573:11 / 81
2568:13.90%
2547:14.26%
2521:16 / 81
2516:10.30%
2495:17.54%
2464:16.34%
2443:13.90%
1925:Sergipe
1173:In the
1152:tucanos
1137:, self-
1118:tucanos
1103:tucanos
919:O Globo
780:tucanos
727:system.
714:and in
623:led by
608:History
566:tucanos
562:tucanos
509:, is a
505:or the
443:Website
346:Colours
135: (
117: (
109:Founded
4376:We Can
4244:We Can
3894:
3829:
3314:(PDF).
2921:No. of
2912:Votes
2844:4 / 81
2839:1.37%
2818:3.02%
2792:8 / 81
2766:6.01%
2469:9 / 54
2422:1 / 32
2401:8.68%
2103:Votes
2097:Votes
2044:Palmas
1638:Begin
1633:Notes
1268:Begin
1107:middle
1081:, the
913:ISTO É
600:, and
558:toucan
430:Mayors
408:3 / 27
394:3 / 81
359:Yellow
356:
350:
302:Centre
292:Centre
165:Brazil
3924:UNHCR
3874:Dados
3823:(PDF)
3770:Exame
3575:(PDF)
2909:Year
2384:Seats
2374:Votes
2366:Seats
2356:Votes
2092:Role
2080:Year
2035:Natal
2005:Bahia
1975:]
1887:Ceara
1762:2017
1754:2015
1746:2013
1738:2011
1730:2009
1722:2007
1714:2005
1702:2003
1682:2001
1674:1998
1661:1995
1627:Term
1624:Name
1429:2005
1409:2003
1389:2001
1369:1996
1349:1995
1329:1994
1309:1991
1289:1989
1263:Term
1260:Name
1230:with
967:right
783:'
4342:(11)
4336:(12)
4330:(15)
4258:(13)
4252:(14)
4246:(15)
4240:(15)
4234:(18)
4228:(41)
4222:(43)
4216:(43)
4210:(50)
4204:(59)
4198:(68)
4192:(97)
4178:the
4046:link
4032:2023
3967:2010
3937:2010
3892:ISSN
3840:2014
3827:ISBN
3804:2013
3777:2014
3737:2014
3684:2022
3657:2022
3586:2014
3475:2020
3293:2021
3268:2021
3242:2021
3196:2023
3164:2023
3079:2023
3039:283
3024:N/A
3017:2020
3011:110
2996:N/A
2989:2016
2968:N/A
2958:2012
2952:New
2942:New
2939:N/A
2932:2008
2926:+/–
2918:+/–
2887:and
2811:2022
2759:2018
2696:2014
2644:2010
2592:2006
2540:2002
2488:1998
2436:1994
2427:New
2417:N/A
2414:N/A
2411:New
2394:1990
2388:+/–
2370:+/–
2295:2018
2268:2014
2241:2010
2214:2006
2187:2002
2162:1998
2137:1994
2112:1989
1767:2017
1759:2015
1751:2013
1743:2011
1735:2009
1727:2007
1719:2005
1711:2003
1699:2001
1679:1999
1671:1996
1658:1994
1641:End
1426:2003
1406:2001
1386:1996
1366:1995
1346:1994
1326:1991
1306:1989
1286:1988
1271:End
1210:and
1109:and
1075:PMDB
754:and
716:1993
712:1963
703:and
659:and
544:and
525:and
499:PSDB
485:The
452:.org
450:psdb
353:Blue
4411:Act
4396:(1)
4390:(2)
4384:(3)
4378:(4)
4372:(4)
4366:(4)
4360:(6)
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4264:(7)
3882:doi
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2781:25
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