27:
808:
1968:
159:
348:
Despite the junta's denunciation of
Ivoirité, the campaign against people of foreign origin continued. In April 2000, Robert Guéï expelled the representatives of the RDR from the government. A new constitution, approved by referendum on 23 July 2000, controversially barred all presidential candidates
308:
of alleged criminals without investigation and of harassment of commercial entities. Many cases of abuse were committed by the soldiers. Also, soldiers demanded increases in pay or bonus payments, causing many mutinies. The most serious one of these mutinies took place on 4 July 2000. The mutineers
269:
and the supreme court. The rebels took control of
Abidjan Airport and key bridges, set up checkpoints, and opened prison gates to release political prisoners and other inmates. Mobs took advantage of the power vacuum to hijack cars. Some parts of Abidjan were also looted by soldiers and civilians.
383:
On 13 November, Guéï recognised the legitimacy of the presidency of Gbagbo. On 10 December 2000, parliamentary elections were held and won by Gbagbo's
Ivorian Popular Front. However, the election was not held in northern Ivory Coast because of the unrest related to the election boycott by the DRD
273:
On television, Guéï announced that he had seized power. He also made a television address to the people and foreign diplomatic personnel, in which he gave assurances that democracy would be respected, international agreements would be maintained, the security of
Ivorians and non-Ivorians would be
229:
succeeded as president after
Houphouët-Boigny's death in 1993. The economic situation continued to worsen. Bédié was accused of corruption, political repression, and of stripping immigrants from neighboring countries of their political rights by promoting the concept of
345:, Félix Houphouët-Boigny's last Prime Minister and the political rival of the ousted former president Henri Konan Bédié. The four arrested officials, including Amadou Gon Coulibaly, the Deputy Secretary General of the RDR, were released without charge some days later.
372:(FPI) were barred from standing. Guéï was defeated by Gbagbo but refused to recognize the result. Ouattara, excluded from this election, called for a new election. Street protests broke out, bringing Gbagbo to power, and Guéï fled to
352:
The tension between people from the north and the south still remained unsolved, as many people in the north are of foreign origin. Discrimination toward people originating in neighbouring countries is one of the cause of the
325:
in particular. After some days of confusion and tension, an agreement was reached between the discontented soldiers and the authorities. Under the agreement, each soldier would receive 1 million CFA francs (about $ 1,400).
223:. During the first decades of his rule, Ivory Coast enjoyed economic prosperity and was politically stable. However, the later years of his rule saw the downturn of the Ivorian economy and signs of political instability.
234:, which placed in doubt the nationality of many people of foreign origin and caused tension between people from the north and the south of Ivory Coast. Dissatisfaction kept growing.
246:
rebelled on 23 December 1999. Refusing to step down at the soldiers' demand, Bédié was overthrown by a coup d'état the following day. Former army commander
3001:
2005:
3573:
628:
3503:
3117:
1920:
1563:
574:
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guaranteed, missions to foreign countries would be sent to explain the reasons for the coup, and the problems of farmers would be addressed.
3440:
2973:
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1863:
607:
723:
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Many
Ivorians welcomed the coup, saying that they hoped the army would improve Ivory Coast's shaky economic and political circumstances.
3426:
1858:
1179:
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1498:
1214:
1209:
939:
3558:
1137:
772:
736:
549:
2142:
653:
924:
2510:
1998:
1362:
1257:
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2724:
2328:
2177:
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934:
767:
1478:
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2030:
1890:
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1307:
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929:
858:
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2135:
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970:
266:
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250:, although not having led the coup d'état, was called out of retirement as head of a National Public Salvation Committee (
3110:
1558:
361:
292:
There were indications within a few months of the coup that the country was sliding into a pattern of arbitrariness. The
3310:
2710:
2626:
2612:
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1991:
1317:
3159:
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1583:
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993:
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2233:
2184:
2107:
2079:
1442:
1417:
1397:
3496:
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3212:
2994:
1972:
1915:
1880:
1870:
1664:
1432:
1204:
1017:
828:
3475:
3468:
3419:
3345:
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1402:
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1172:
349:
other than those whose parents were
Ivorian, and Ouattara was disqualified from the 2000 presidential election.
3489:
3482:
3324:
3317:
3173:
3089:
2759:
2619:
1910:
1905:
1759:
1749:
1628:
1513:
1106:
988:
184:
75:
Corruption, political repression, and stripping immigrants from neighboring countries of their political rights
3405:
3152:
2917:
2910:
2847:
2819:
2696:
2661:
2654:
2398:
2335:
2286:
2279:
1830:
1815:
1623:
1553:
1352:
1347:
1252:
1237:
3289:
3068:
2647:
2563:
1669:
1523:
1412:
1367:
1029:
868:
833:
632:
3391:
3370:
3219:
2840:
2826:
2254:
2247:
2219:
1825:
1805:
1677:
1603:
1473:
1372:
1232:
3563:
3191:
2591:
2503:
2447:
2065:
1654:
1503:
1468:
1387:
1066:
838:
2833:
1573:
3303:
3040:
2882:
2766:
2314:
2121:
2114:
2037:
1744:
1488:
1327:
1101:
1056:
1044:
904:
873:
807:
709:
550:"Cote d'Ivoire: Some military personnel believe they have impunity above the law | Amnesty International"
293:
220:
1729:
1593:
1242:
3553:
3384:
3352:
3338:
3240:
3205:
3145:
3103:
2924:
2903:
2854:
2805:
2798:
2703:
2689:
2426:
2419:
2377:
2321:
2293:
2205:
2170:
1925:
1820:
1789:
1779:
1694:
1659:
1598:
1548:
1357:
1342:
1302:
1285:
1086:
965:
853:
843:
791:
449:
304:) issued a condemnation of human rights abuses, charging the security forces, among other things, with
1165:
578:
3454:
3296:
3282:
3254:
3247:
3138:
3096:
3054:
3033:
2980:
2952:
2812:
2773:
2682:
2570:
2461:
1885:
1754:
1734:
1724:
1709:
1699:
1588:
1543:
1508:
1493:
1483:
1427:
1382:
797:
342:
285:
and several
African countries, however, condemned the coup and called for a return to civilian rule.
1157:
3268:
2889:
2605:
2468:
2384:
2261:
1739:
1719:
1407:
1322:
1247:
1081:
1061:
1003:
909:
848:
816:
787:
341:) were also arrested during an investigation into a possible coup attempt. The RDR is the party of
330:
169:
115:
3398:
3377:
3275:
2745:
2433:
1835:
1810:
1704:
1392:
1280:
1111:
919:
892:
878:
782:
599:
398:
354:
173:
26:
2454:
2058:
2051:
1608:
1332:
1130:
1051:
998:
980:
953:
863:
744:
393:
226:
142:
125:
1983:
1774:
1076:
975:
474:
369:
3166:
2191:
2072:
1613:
1568:
1146:
1096:
1091:
1034:
553:
8:
1071:
657:
762:
137:
took place on 24 December 1999. It was the first coup d'état since the independence of
691:
681:
521:
500:
403:
305:
2014:
1956:
1947:
1188:
2931:
2044:
247:
2517:
334:
297:
251:
2349:
1528:
757:
686:
424:
365:
364:
was held on 22 October 2000. All of the major opposition candidates except for
314:
88:
3547:
498:
282:
322:
265:. Guéï announced the dissolution of parliament, the former government, the
96:
696:
243:
732:
138:
32:
692:
Côte d'Ivoire: Implications of the
December 1999 Coup d'Etat by WRITENET
231:
701:
373:
3523:
1960:
1939:
1192:
1187:
380:
border. Laurent Gbagbo took office as president on 26 October 2000.
219:
Ever since independence in 1960, Ivory Coast had been controlled by
158:
752:
377:
318:
262:
92:
310:
286:
278:
84:
2013:
501:"Côte d'Ivoire: Implications of the December 1999 Coup d'Etat"
499:
United
Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (2000-04-01).
329:
Following the mutiny of July 2000, four officials of the
575:"Comparative Criminology | Africa - Cote D'Ivoire"
687:
Analysis: The economics of the Ivory Coast coup by BBC
682:
Analysis: Neighbours wary over Ivory Coast coup by BBC
3545:
1999:
1173:
717:
544:
542:
631:. Etat.sciencespobordeaux.fr. Archived from
406:, one of the rebel leaders in the 1999 coup.
187:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2006:
1992:
1180:
1166:
724:
710:
539:
384:until the by-election on 14 January 2001.
25:
654:"Cote D'Ivoire 2000 Legislative Election"
289:suspended all direct aid to Ivory Coast.
207:Learn how and when to remove this message
106:President Henri Konan Bédié being deposed
731:
3504:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2024)
3118:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2004)
2122:Democratic Republic of the Congo (1965)
1921:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2024)
1564:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2004)
3546:
302:Ligue ivoirienne des droits de l'homme
1987:
1161:
705:
697:Alienation in Abidjan by Pierre Janin
3574:1990s coups d'état and coup attempts
656:. Cdp.binghamton.edu. Archived from
425:"Ivory coast president facing exile"
339:Rassemblement des républicains (RDR)
261:Scattered gunfire were heard around
185:adding citations to reliable sources
152:
13:
2129:Central African Republic (1965–66)
610:from the original on 16 April 2011
522:"Ivory Coast 'deal' over army pay"
14:
3590:
675:
3559:Political history of Ivory Coast
1967:
1966:
1195:, and attempted coups since 1991
806:
577:. Rohan.sdsu.edu. Archived from
309:targeted the cities of Abidjan,
157:
3378:Central African Republic (2021)
3276:Central African Republic (2013)
3062:Central African Republic (2003)
3048:Central African Republic (2001)
2599:Central African Republic (1982)
2578:Central African Republic (1981)
2518:Central African Republic (1979)
1811:Central African Republic (2021)
1705:Central African Republic (2013)
1519:Central African Republic (2003)
1499:Central African Republic (2001)
1205:List of coups and coup attempts
646:
450:"Coup leader pledges democracy"
256:Comité National de Salut Public
3579:December 1999 events in Africa
621:
592:
567:
514:
492:
475:"Democracy Vow In Ivory Coast"
467:
442:
417:
1:
3569:Military coups in Ivory Coast
3441:Burkina Faso (September 2022)
410:
148:
3448:São Tomé and Príncipe (2022)
3083:São Tomé and Príncipe (2003)
3002:Republic of the Congo (1998)
2939:São Tomé and Príncipe (1995)
2876:Sierra Leone (December 1992)
2753:São Tomé and Príncipe (1988)
2725:Republic of the Congo (1987)
2329:Republic of the Congo (1972)
2227:Republic of the Congo (1968)
2178:Republic of the Congo (1966)
2031:Republic of the Congo (1960)
1876:São Tomé and Príncipe (2022)
1539:São Tomé and Príncipe (2003)
1378:São Tomé and Príncipe (1995)
7:
3427:Burkina Faso (January 2022)
2620:Upper Volta (February 1983)
387:
357:, which broke out in 2002.
294:Ivorian Human Rights League
242:A group of soldiers led by
237:
44:December 24, 1999
10:
3595:
2974:Sierra Leone (August 1996)
16:Coup d'état in Ivory Coast
3513:
3362:
3183:
3025:
2790:
2627:Upper Volta (August 1983)
2527:
2271:
2022:
1934:
1798:
1642:
1456:
1225:
1200:
1124:
1025:
1016:
961:
952:
900:
891:
824:
815:
804:
743:
629:"Ivory Coast: Key events"
343:Alassane Dramane Ouattara
141:and led to the President
121:
110:
102:
79:
71:
63:
55:
40:
24:
3111:Equatorial Guinea (2004)
2511:Equatorial Guinea (1979)
1559:Equatorial Guinea (2004)
331:Rally of the Republicans
135:1999 Ivorian coup d'état
116:Rally of the Republicans
20:1999 Ivorian coup d'état
2143:Burundi (November 1966)
3413:Sudan (September 2021)
2248:Libya (September 1969)
2164:Nigeria (January 1966)
1973:Plots and conspiracies
1479:Solomon Islands (2000)
792:2010–11 Ivorian crisis
600:"Ivory Coast timeline"
394:Economy of Ivory Coast
338:
301:
267:constitutional council
255:
221:Félix Houphouët-Boigny
114:Four officials of the
2904:Bophuthatswana (1994)
2262:Libya (December 1969)
2052:French Algeria (1961)
1343:Bophuthatswana (1994)
370:Ivorian Popular Front
366:Laurent Koudou Gbagbo
362:presidential election
35:(green) within Africa
3497:Guinea-Bissau (2023)
3434:Guinea-Bissau (2022)
3420:Sudan (October 2021)
3269:Libya (October 2013)
3227:Guinea-Bissau (2012)
3213:Guinea-Bissau (2011)
3076:Guinea-Bissau (2003)
3055:Côte d'Ivoire (2002)
3034:Côte d'Ivoire (2001)
3016:Côte d'Ivoire (1999)
2995:Guinea-Bissau (1998)
2550:Guinea-Bissau (1980)
2017:in Africa since 1960
1916:Guinea-Bissau (2023)
1871:Guinea-Bissau (2022)
1855:Burkina Faso (2022)
1690:Guinea-Bissau (2012)
1665:Guinea-Bissau (2011)
1534:Guinea-Bissau (2003)
1509:Côte d'Ivoire (2002)
1484:Côte d'Ivoire (2001)
1448:Côte d'Ivoire (1999)
1433:Guinea-Bissau (1998)
181:improve this section
3564:1999 in Ivory Coast
3490:Sierra Leone (2023)
3483:Burkina Faso (2023)
3318:Burkina Faso (2016)
3311:Burkina Faso (2015)
3090:Burkina Faso (2003)
2988:Sierra Leone (1997)
2946:Sierra Leone (1996)
2862:Sierra Leone (1992)
2760:Burkina Faso (1989)
2711:Burkina Faso (1987)
2213:Sierra Leone (1968)
2171:Nigeria (July 1966)
2136:Burundi (July 1966)
1911:Sierra Leone (2023)
1906:Burkina Faso (2023)
1760:Burkina Faso (2016)
1750:Burkina Faso (2015)
1514:Burkina Faso (2003)
1293:Sierra Leone (1992)
1258:Georgia (1991–1992)
1248:Soviet Union (1991)
21:
2613:Upper Volta (1982)
2557:Upper Volta (1980)
2455:Uganda (June 1977)
2343:Upper Volta (1974)
2157:Upper Volta (1966)
1609:Philippines (2007)
1529:Philippines (2003)
994:Telecommunications
773:1999–present
763:French West Africa
306:summary executions
19:
3554:Conflicts in 1999
3541:
3540:
3518:: successful coup
3297:The Gambia (2014)
3234:Mali (April 2012)
3220:Mali (March 2012)
3192:Madagascar (2010)
3174:Madagascar (2009)
3160:Mauritania (2008)
3146:Madagascar (2006)
3132:Mauritania (2005)
3069:Mauritania (2003)
2641:Mauritania (1984)
2592:Seychelles (1981)
2564:Mauritania (1981)
2536:Mauritania (1980)
2497:Mauritania (1979)
2490:Mauritania (1978)
2441:Seychelles (1977)
1981:
1980:
1670:Bangladesh (2011)
1655:Madagascar (2010)
1629:Madagascar (2009)
1619:Mauritania (2008)
1599:Madagascar (2006)
1584:Mauritania (2005)
1524:Mauritania (2003)
1413:Bangladesh (1996)
1368:Azerbaijan (1995)
1313:Azerbaijan (1993)
1262:Venezuela (1992)
1155:
1154:
1120:
1119:
1040:Human trafficking
1012:
1011:
948:
947:
925:Political parties
915:Foreign relations
887:
886:
404:Ibrahim Coulibaly
399:Ivorian Civil War
355:Ivorian Civil War
227:Henri Konan Bédié
217:
216:
209:
143:Henri Konan Bédié
131:
130:
126:Henri Konan Bédié
3586:
3534:
3526:
3519:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3373:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3285:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3250:
3243:
3236:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3201:
3194:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2899:
2892:
2885:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2783:
2776:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2671:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2573:
2566:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1985:
1984:
1970:
1969:
1504:Venezuela (2002)
1333:Lithuania (1993)
1308:Guatemala (1993)
1182:
1175:
1168:
1159:
1158:
1140:
1133:
1023:
1022:
984:
959:
958:
898:
897:
822:
821:
810:
788:Second Civil War
778:1999 coup d'état
726:
719:
712:
703:
702:
669:
668:
666:
665:
650:
644:
643:
641:
640:
625:
619:
618:
616:
615:
596:
590:
589:
587:
586:
571:
565:
564:
562:
561:
552:. Archived from
546:
537:
536:
534:
533:
518:
512:
511:
509:
508:
496:
490:
489:
487:
486:
471:
465:
464:
462:
461:
446:
440:
439:
437:
436:
421:
212:
205:
201:
198:
192:
161:
153:
51:
49:
31:The location of
29:
22:
18:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3537:
3529:
3522:
3517:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3369:
3358:
3353:Ethiopia (2019)
3351:
3344:
3337:
3332:Zimbabwe (2017)
3330:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3179:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2944:
2937:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2888:
2881:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2797:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2767:Ethiopia (1989)
2765:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2739:Transkei (1987)
2737:
2730:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2653:
2648:Cameroon (1984)
2646:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2364:Ethiopia (1974)
2362:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2038:Ethiopia (1960)
2036:
2029:
2018:
2012:
1982:
1977:
1964:
1930:
1794:
1790:Ethiopia (2019)
1770:Zimbabwe (2017)
1740:Yemen (2014–15)
1730:Thailand (2014)
1638:
1634:Honduras (2009)
1594:Thailand (2006)
1469:Paraguay (2000)
1452:
1443:Pakistan (1999)
1418:Cambodia (1997)
1388:Paraguay (1996)
1363:Cambodia (1994)
1243:Thailand (1991)
1221:
1196:
1186:
1156:
1151:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1116:
1107:Public holidays
1008:
982:
944:
883:
811:
802:
783:First Civil War
768:1960–1999
739:
730:
678:
673:
672:
663:
661:
652:
651:
647:
638:
636:
627:
626:
622:
613:
611:
598:
597:
593:
584:
582:
573:
572:
568:
559:
557:
548:
547:
540:
531:
529:
520:
519:
515:
506:
504:
497:
493:
484:
482:
473:
472:
468:
459:
457:
448:
447:
443:
434:
432:
423:
422:
418:
413:
390:
240:
213:
202:
196:
193:
178:
162:
151:
145:being deposed.
47:
45:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3592:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3532:attempted coup
3527:
3520:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3399:Tunisia (2021)
3395:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3304:Burundi (2015)
3300:
3293:
3290:Lesotho (2014)
3286:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3248:Eritrea (2013)
3244:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3202:
3195:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3170:
3163:
3156:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3041:Burundi (2001)
3037:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2977:
2970:
2963:
2960:Burundi (1996)
2956:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2932:Comoros (1995)
2928:
2925:Liberia (1994)
2921:
2918:Lesotho (1994)
2914:
2907:
2900:
2897:Nigeria (1993)
2893:
2886:
2883:Burundi (1993)
2879:
2872:
2869:Algeria (1992)
2865:
2858:
2851:
2848:Lesotho (1991)
2844:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2809:
2806:Nigeria (1990)
2802:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2763:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2732:Tunisia (1987)
2728:
2721:
2718:Burundi (1987)
2714:
2707:
2700:
2697:Lesotho (1986)
2693:
2690:Liberia (1985)
2686:
2679:
2672:
2669:Nigeria (1985)
2665:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2634:Nigeria (1983)
2630:
2623:
2616:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2546:
2543:Liberia (1980)
2539:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2476:Comoros (1978)
2472:
2469:Somalia (1978)
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2420:Nigeria (1976)
2416:
2413:Burundi (1976)
2409:
2406:Comoros (1976)
2402:
2395:
2392:Nigeria (1975)
2388:
2381:
2374:
2371:Comoros (1975)
2367:
2360:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2322:Morocco (1972)
2318:
2311:
2308:Dahomey (1972)
2304:
2297:
2294:Morocco (1971)
2290:
2283:
2280:Lesotho (1970)
2275:
2273:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2258:
2255:Somalia (1969)
2251:
2244:
2237:
2234:Dahomey (1969)
2230:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2206:Algeria (1967)
2202:
2195:
2188:
2185:Dahomey (1967)
2181:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2115:Burundi (1965)
2111:
2108:Dahomey (1965)
2104:
2101:Algeria (1965)
2097:
2090:
2083:
2080:Dahomey (1963)
2076:
2073:Algeria (1962)
2069:
2066:Senegal (1962)
2062:
2059:Somalia (1961)
2055:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2011:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1988:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1952:
1944:
1942:or its attempt
1935:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1926:Bolivia (2024)
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1838:
1836:Tunisia (2021)
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1816:Myanmar (2021)
1813:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1745:Burundi (2015)
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1700:Eritrea (2013)
1697:
1692:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1489:Burundi (2001)
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1464:Ecuador (2000)
1460:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1398:Burundi (1996)
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1358:Liberia (1994)
1355:
1353:Lesotho (1994)
1350:
1345:
1340:
1338:Nigeria (1993)
1335:
1330:
1328:Burundi (1993)
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1298:Algeria (1992)
1295:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1238:Lesotho (1991)
1235:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1185:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1162:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1142:
1141:
1134:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1032:
1030:Child marriage
1026:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
978:
973:
968:
962:
956:
950:
949:
946:
945:
943:
942:
940:Prime Minister
937:
935:Vice-President
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
901:
895:
889:
888:
885:
884:
882:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
859:National parks
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
825:
819:
813:
812:
805:
803:
801:
800:
795:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
758:Ashanti Empire
755:
749:
747:
741:
740:
729:
728:
721:
714:
706:
700:
699:
694:
689:
684:
677:
676:External links
674:
671:
670:
645:
620:
606:. 2011-03-31.
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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3575:
3572:
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3557:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3533:
3528:
3525:
3521:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3505:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3466:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3455:Gambia (2022)
3452:
3449:
3445:
3442:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3406:Guinea (2021)
3403:
3400:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3354:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3322:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3287:
3284:
3280:
3277:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3245:
3242:
3238:
3235:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3210:
3207:
3203:
3200:
3196:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3175:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3153:Guinea (2008)
3150:
3147:
3143:
3140:
3136:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2981:Zambia (1997)
2978:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2953:Guinea (1996)
2950:
2947:
2943:
2940:
2936:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2911:Gambia (1994)
2908:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2828:
2827:Ciskei (1990)
2824:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2813:Zambia (1990)
2810:
2807:
2803:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2764:
2761:
2757:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2687:
2684:
2683:Guinea (1985)
2680:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2662:Uganda (1985)
2659:
2656:
2655:Guinea (1984)
2652:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2571:Gambia (1981)
2568:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2477:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2462:Angola (1977)
2459:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2428:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2375:
2372:
2368:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2350:Uganda (1974)
2347:
2344:
2340:
2337:
2336:Rwanda (1973)
2333:
2330:
2326:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2287:Uganda (1971)
2284:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2263:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2249:
2245:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2045:Rwanda (1961)
2042:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2009:
2004:
2002:
1997:
1995:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1974:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1886:Gambia (2022)
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1840:Sudan (2021)
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1831:Guinea (2021)
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1755:Turkey (2016)
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1735:Gambia (2014)
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1624:Guinea (2008)
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
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1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1428:Zambia (1997)
1426:
1424:
1423:Turkey (1997)
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1383:Guinea (1996)
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1348:Gambia (1994)
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1318:Russia (1993)
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1067:Ethnic groups
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
963:
960:
957:
955:
951:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
902:
899:
896:
894:
890:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
826:
823:
820:
818:
814:
809:
799:
798:2017 mutinies
796:
793:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
750:
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
727:
722:
720:
715:
713:
708:
707:
704:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
679:
660:on 2012-03-16
659:
655:
649:
635:on 2011-07-19
634:
630:
624:
609:
605:
601:
595:
581:on 2010-08-31
580:
576:
570:
556:on 2018-11-22
555:
551:
545:
543:
527:
523:
517:
502:
495:
480:
476:
470:
455:
451:
445:
430:
426:
420:
416:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
391:
385:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
358:
356:
350:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
327:
324:
320:
316:
312:
307:
303:
299:
295:
290:
288:
284:
283:United States
280:
275:
271:
268:
264:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
235:
233:
228:
224:
222:
211:
208:
200:
190:
186:
182:
176:
175:
171:
166:This section
164:
160:
155:
154:
146:
144:
140:
136:
127:
124:
120:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
43:
39:
34:
28:
23:
3531:
3530:no sign for
3476:Gabon (2023)
3469:Niger (2023)
3462:Sudan (2023)
3385:Niger (2021)
3346:Sudan (2019)
3339:Gabon (2019)
3325:Libya (2016)
3283:Libya (2014)
3262:Egypt (2013)
3241:Sudan (2012)
3206:Niger (2011)
3199:Niger (2010)
3167:Sudan (2008)
3104:Sudan (2004)
3015:
3009:Niger (1999)
2967:Niger (1996)
2890:Libya (1993)
2855:Sudan (1992)
2834:Venda (1990)
2799:Sudan (1990)
2781:Sudan (1989)
2746:Benin (1988)
2676:Sudan (1985)
2606:Kenya (1982)
2585:Ghana (1981)
2504:Ghana (1979)
2483:Ghana (1978)
2448:Sudan (1977)
2434:Benin (1977)
2427:Sudan (1976)
2385:Libya (1975)
2378:Sudan (1975)
2357:Niger (1974)
2315:Ghana (1972)
2301:Sudan (1971)
2241:Sudan (1969)
2192:Ghana (1967)
2150:Ghana (1966)
2094:Gabon (1964)
2015:Coups d'état
1954:
1946:
1938:
1901:Gabon (2023)
1896:Niger (2023)
1891:Sudan (2023)
1821:Niger (2021)
1785:Sudan (2019)
1780:Gabon (2019)
1775:Yemen (2018)
1765:Libya (2016)
1725:Libya (2014)
1720:Libya (2013)
1715:Egypt (2013)
1695:Sudan (2012)
1674:Mali (2012)
1660:Niger (2011)
1650:Niger (2010)
1614:Sudan (2008)
1574:Nepal (2005)
1554:Haiti (2004)
1549:Sudan (2004)
1494:Haiti (2001)
1447:
1438:Niger (1999)
1408:Qatar (1996)
1403:Niger (1996)
1373:Qatar (1995)
1323:Libya (1993)
1303:Sudan (1992)
1277:Peru (1992)
1253:Haiti (1991)
1057:Demographics
1045:Prostitution
905:Constitution
874:Subdivisions
777:
662:. Retrieved
658:the original
648:
637:. Retrieved
633:the original
623:
612:. Retrieved
603:
594:
583:. Retrieved
579:the original
569:
558:. Retrieved
554:the original
530:. Retrieved
528:. 2000-07-05
525:
516:
505:. Retrieved
494:
483:. Retrieved
481:. 1999-12-27
478:
469:
458:. Retrieved
456:. 1999-12-24
453:
444:
433:. Retrieved
431:. 1999-12-25
428:
419:
382:
359:
351:
347:
328:
323:Yamoussoukro
291:
276:
272:
260:
241:
225:
218:
203:
197:October 2019
194:
179:Please help
167:
134:
132:
97:Yamoussoukro
3392:Mali (2021)
3371:Mali (2020)
3255:Chad (2013)
3139:Chad (2006)
3125:Togo (2005)
3097:Chad (2004)
2841:Mali (1991)
2820:Chad (1990)
2774:Chad (1989)
2704:Togo (1986)
2399:Chad (1975)
2220:Mali (1968)
2199:Togo (1967)
2087:Togo (1963)
1955:Successful
1881:Peru (2022)
1826:Mali (2021)
1806:Mali (2020)
1710:Chad (2013)
1604:Fiji (2006)
1589:Chad (2006)
1579:Togo (2005)
1569:Peru (2005)
1544:Chad (2004)
1474:Fiji (2000)
1393:Iraq (1996)
1233:Mali (1991)
1087:LGBT rights
966:Agriculture
854:Environment
844:Departments
733:Ivory Coast
376:, near the
248:Robert Guéï
139:Ivory Coast
67:Coup d'état
59:Ivory Coast
33:Ivory Coast
3548:Categories
1965:See also:
1215:since 2010
1210:by country
1193:self-coups
983:(currency)
664:2011-04-02
639:2011-04-02
614:2011-04-02
585:2011-04-02
560:2018-11-21
532:2011-04-02
507:2011-04-02
485:2011-04-02
460:2011-04-02
435:2011-04-02
411:References
374:Gouessesso
149:Background
48:1999-12-24
3524:self-coup
1961:self-coup
1940:Self-coup
1864:September
1844:September
1082:Languages
1062:Education
1004:Transport
971:Companies
930:President
910:Elections
849:Districts
817:Geography
244:Tuo Fozié
168:does not
83:Abidjan,
1286:November
1271:November
1266:February
1147:Category
1112:Religion
1102:Olympics
920:Military
893:Politics
879:Wildlife
737:articles
608:Archived
604:BBC News
526:BBC News
479:CBS News
454:BBC News
429:BBC News
388:See also
378:Liberian
238:The coup
232:Ivoirité
56:Location
1950:attempt
1859:January
1849:October
1131:Outline
1052:Culture
1018:Society
999:Tourism
954:Economy
864:Regions
839:Climate
829:Borders
753:Gyaaman
745:History
503:. UNHCR
368:of the
319:Korhogo
315:Katiola
263:Abidjan
189:removed
174:sources
122:Accused
111:Arrests
103:Outcome
93:Korhogo
89:Katiola
46: (
1971:
1077:Health
989:Mining
981:Franc
976:Energy
869:Rivers
834:Cities
735:
335:French
321:, and
311:Bouake
298:French
287:Canada
281:, the
279:France
252:French
95:, and
85:Bouake
80:Target
3363:2020s
3184:2010s
3026:2000s
2791:1990s
2528:1980s
2272:1970s
2023:1960s
1799:2020s
1683:April
1678:March
1643:2010s
1457:2000s
1281:April
1226:1990s
1189:Coups
1138:Index
1097:Music
1092:Media
1035:Crime
72:Cause
1957:coup
1948:Coup
1072:Flag
172:any
170:cite
133:The
64:Type
41:Date
1959:or
258:).
183:by
3550::
1191:,
602:.
541:^
524:.
477:.
452:.
427:.
360:A
337::
317:,
313:,
300::
254::
91:,
87:,
2007:e
2000:t
1993:v
1181:e
1174:t
1167:v
794:)
790:(
725:e
718:t
711:v
667:.
642:.
617:.
588:.
563:.
535:.
510:.
488:.
463:.
438:.
333:(
296:(
210:)
204:(
199:)
195:(
191:.
177:.
50:)
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