1329:
782:
destruction of 9,000 offshore fishing boats. Of the 77,000 onshore fishermen, 46,000 were killed by the cyclone, and 40% of the survivors were affected severely. In total, approximately 65% of the fishing capacity of the coastal region was destroyed by the storm, in a region where about 80% of the protein consumed comes from fish. Agricultural damage was similarly severe with the loss of US$ 63 million worth of crops and 280,000 cattle. Three months after the storm, 75% of the population was receiving food from relief workers, and over 150,000 relied upon aid for half of their food.
3207:
2984:
2933:
2381:
1942:
1876:
1343:
370:
1371:
1105:
and other supplies to East
Pakistan. Six helicopters – two helicopters at an aid mission in Nepal and four from the U.S. – were also sent. Some 200,000 tons of wheat were shipped from the U.S. to the stricken region. By the end of November, there were 38 helicopters operating in the disaster area, ten of which were British and ten American. The Americans had provided about fifty small boats and the British seventy for supply distribution.
380:
40:
1357:
301:
1148:, left Singapore for the Bay of Bengal to assist with the relief efforts. They carried eight helicopters and eight landing craft, as well as rescue teams and supplies. Fifty soldiers and two helicopters were flown in ahead of the ships to survey the disaster area and bring relief work. The task force arrived off the East Pakistan coast on November 24, and the 650 troops aboard the ships immediately began using
390:
1036:. A pesticide company had to wait two days before it received permission for two of its crop dusters, which were already in the country, to carry out supply drops in the affected regions. The central government only deployed a single helicopter to relief operations, with Khan later stating that there was no point deploying any helicopters from West Pakistan as they were unable to carry supplies.
1295:
over 138,000 people, this was significantly less than the 1970 storm, partly because of the warnings sent out by the
Cyclone Preparedness Programme. However, the 1991 storm was significantly more destructive, causing US$ 1.5 billion in damage (US$ 2 billion inflation-adjusted) compared to the 1970 storm's US$ 86.4 million in damage.
280:, was criticized for its delayed handling of relief operations following the storm, both by local political leaders in East Pakistan and by the international media. The poor and discriminating response from the West Pakistan government led to the increasingly widespread disillusionment from the East Pakistani people, allowing the opposition
521:, the coast of the Bay of Bengal is particularly vulnerable to the effects of tropical cyclones. The exact death toll from the Bhola cyclone will never be known, but at least 300,000 fatalities were associated with the storm, possibly as many as 500,000. The cyclone was not, however, the most powerful of these; the
881:
The results showed that the highest survival rate was for adult males aged 15–49, while more than half the deaths were children under age 10, who only formed a third of the pre-cyclone population. This suggests that the young, old, and sick were at the highest risk of perishing in the cyclone and its
869:
The totals from the second survey were likely a considerable underestimate as several groups were not included— 100,000 migrant workers who were collecting the rice harvest, families who were completely wiped out by the storm, and those who had migrated out of the region in the intervening three
834:
Cholera
Research Laboratory: the first in November and the second in February and March. The purpose of the first survey was to establish the immediate medical needs in the affected regions, and the second, more detailed, survey was designed as the basis for long-term relief and recovery planning. In
1224:
estimated that it would cost US$ 185 million to reconstruct the area devastated by the storm. The bank drew up a comprehensive recovery plan for the
Pakistani government. The plan included restoring housing, water supplies and infrastructure to their pre-storm state. It was designed to combine
1188:
effort. The mission returned to
Singapore on December 22, after bringing about $ 50,000 worth of medical supplies and fifteen tons of food for the victims of the storm. The Japanese cabinet approved a total of US$ 1.65 million of relief funds in December. The Japanese government had previously
1011:
Political leaders in East
Pakistan were deeply critical of the central government's initial response to the disaster. A statement released by eleven East Pakistan politicians ten days after the storm charged the government with "gross neglect, callous indifference and utter indifference". They also
1271:
In
December 1970, the League of Red Cross Societies drafted a plan for immediate use should a comparable event to the cyclone hit other "disaster prone countries". A Red Cross official stated some of the relief workers sent to East Pakistan were poorly trained, and the organisation would compile a
1104:
allocated a $ 10 million ($ 78 million in 2023) grant to provide food and other essential relief to the survivors of the storm, and the U.S. ambassador to
Pakistan pledged that he would "assist the East Pakistan government in every way feasible." The U.S. sent a number of blankets, tents
1077:
The central government's handling of the relief efforts helped exacerbate the bitterness felt in East
Pakistan, swelling the resistance movement there. Funds only slowly got through, and transport was slow in bringing supplies to the devastated regions. As tensions increased in March 1971, foreign
1294:
approached the country in 1991, volunteers from the
Cyclone Preparedness Programme warned people of the cyclone two to three days before it struck land. Over 350,000 people fled their homes to shelters and other brick structures, while others sought high ground. While the 1991 cyclone killed
941:
reached many of the stricken areas in the two days following the landfall of the cyclone. President Khan visited East Pakistan on the way back from a trip to China. In a press conference in Dhaka, Khan accepted the government had made "slips" and "mistakes" in their relief effort for the cyclone
1094:
between the two countries, and by the end of November had pledged US$ 1.3 million (US$ 8.7 million in 2020 dollars) of assistance for the relief efforts. The Pakistani central government refused to allow the Indians to send supplies into East Pakistan by air, forcing them to be transported
1050:
regularly carried front-page stories with headlines like, "No Relief Coordination", while publishing government statements saying, "Relief operations are going smoothly." In January, the coldest period of the year in East Pakistan, the National Relief and Rehabilitation Committee, headed by the
961:
as the Indian government did not grant clearance to cross the intervening Indian territory, a charge the Indian government denied. By November 24, the central government had allocated a further US$ 116 million to finance relief operations in the disaster area. Khan arrived in Dhaka to take
781:
86.4 million (US$ 701 million in 2024). The survivors claimed that approximately 85% of homes in the area were destroyed or severely damaged, with the greatest destruction occurring along the coast. Ninety percent of marine fishermen in the region suffered heavy losses, including the
1111:
halted aid shipments to East Pakistan the week after the cyclone hit because of unwillingness to let the Pakistani central government handle distribution. However, by January 1971, they had reached an agreement to construct 24,000 cement brick houses at a cost of about $ 1.2 million ($
1189:
drawn criticism for only donating a small amount to relief work. The first shipment of Chinese supplies was a planeload of 500,000 doses of cholera vaccine, which was not necessary as the country had adequate stocks. The Chinese government sent US$ 1.2 million in cash to Pakistan.
480:
There is question as to how much of the information about the cyclone said to have been received by Indian weather authorities was transmitted to East Pakistan authorities. This is because the Indian and East Pakistani weather services may not have shared information given the
1212:
made appeals for aid for the victims of the cyclone and the civil war in August, in two separate relief programs. He said only about $ 4 million had been contributed towards immediate needs, well short of the target of US$ 29.2 million. By the end of November, the
785:
The Bhola Cyclone would also lead to increased cholera and typhoid cases in the region due to the contamination of the water supply in the storm. Many attempts of sending aid to the region were impeded by the prevalent cholera, and as a result, medical aid was delayed.
1016:
addressed a rally of 50,000 people on November 24, when he accused the president of inefficiency and demanded his resignation. Khan's political opponents in West Pakistan accused him of bungling the efforts and some demanded his resignation. Awami League leader
1176:
helicopters were still operating in the region transporting essential supplies to hard-hit areas. The Soviet aircraft, which had drawn criticism from Bengalis, replaced the British and American helicopters that had operated immediately after the cyclone.
3110:
742:
was blown off at about 2200 UTC on November 12. A ship anchored in the port in the same area recorded a peak gust of 222 km/h (138 mph) about 45 minutes later. As the storm made landfall, it caused a 10-metre (33 ft) high
1225:
with a much larger ongoing flood-control and development program. The bank provided US$ 25 million of credit to help rebuild the East Pakistan economy and to construct protective shelters in the region. This was the first time that the
504:
in October 1960 which killed at least 16,000 people in East Pakistan, the Pakistani central government contacted the American government for assistance in developing a system to avert future disasters. Gordon Dunn, the director of the
2159:
3431:
1045:
spent a week in the worst hit areas in early January 1971 and saw none of the tents supplied by relief agencies being used to house survivors and commented that the grants for building new houses were insufficient. The
1171:
announced that he would visit Dhaka during a visit to the Far East and urged people to pray for the victims of the disaster. The Vatican later contributed US$ 100,000 to the relief efforts. By the start of 1971, four
1112:
9 million in 2023). American concerns about delays by the central government in determining how the relief should be used meant that US$ 7.5 million ($ 59 million in 2023) of relief granted by the
1069:
Due to the poor handling and the destructive aftermath of the Bhola Cyclone, leftist parties in both East and West Pakistan boycotted the 1970 Pakistani general election. This allowed the Awami League, headed by
1193:
declared that the disaster was also an Iranian one and responded by sending two planeloads of supplies within a few days of the cyclone striking. Many smaller, poorer Asian nations sent nominal amounts of aid.
976:
As the conflict between East and West Pakistan developed in March 1971, the Dhaka offices of the two government organisations directly involved in relief efforts were closed for at least two weeks, first by a
448:
and reached its peak intensity later that day, with three-minute sustained winds of 185 km/h (115 mph), one-minute sustained winds of 240 km/h (150 mph), and a central pressure of 960
260:
on the coast of East Pakistan on the following afternoon. The storm surge devastated many of the offshore islands, wiping out villages and destroying crops throughout the region. In the most severely affected
1229:
had provided credit for reconstruction. By the start of December, nearly US$ 40 million had been raised for the relief efforts by the governments of 41 countries, organizations and private groups.
440:
tropical cyclones during this time, so no new identity was given. The storm became nearly stationary that evening near 14.5° N, 87° E, but began to accelerate toward the north on November 10.
3054:
2690:
2325:
1821:
1095:
slowly by road instead. The Indian government also said that the Pakistanis refused an offer of military aircraft, helicopters and boats from West Bengal to assist in the relief operation.
493:
issued a report calling for "danger preparedness" in the vulnerable coastal regions during the day on November 12. As the storm neared the coast, a "great danger signal" was broadcast on
758:
Radio Pakistan reported that there were no survivors on the thirteen islands near Chittagong. A flight over the area showed the devastation was complete throughout the southern half of
3597:
1558:
870:
months. Excluding these groups reduced the risk of hearsay and exaggeration. The survey concluded that the overall death toll was, at minimum, 224,000. The worst effects were felt in
1057:, said thousands of survivors from the storm were "passing their days under open sky". A spokesman said families who were made homeless by the cyclone were receiving up to 250
973:
slated for December 7 would take place on time, although eight or nine of the worst affected districts might experience delays, denying rumours that the election would be postponed.
1283:
had begun to support the development of a cyclone warning system, which developed into a Cyclone Preparedness Programme in 1972, today run by the government of Bangladesh and the
3721:
1484:
1205:
began a drive to raise a further million. UNICEF helped to re-establish water supplies in the wake of the storm, repairing over 11,000 wells in the months following the storm.
1074:, to win in a landslide victory. The elections for nine national assembly and eighteen provincial assembly seats had to be postponed until January 18 as a result of the storm.
3659:
444:
The storm further intensified into a severe cyclonic storm on November 11 and began to turn towards the northeast, as it approached the head of the bay. It developed a clear
3439:
2058:
509:
at the time, carried out a detailed study and submitted his report in 1961. However, the central government did not carry out all of the recommendations Dunn had listed.
1287:. The programme's objectives are to raise public awareness of the risks of cyclones and to provide training to emergency personnel in the coastal regions of Bangladesh.
950:) but he insisted that "everything was done within the limits of the Government." He then returned to Rawalpindi. No West Pakistani political leaders visited the East.
1585:
2577:
2526:
2454:
2398:
2259:
2208:
1032:
began to operate independently of the central government as the result of a dispute that arose after the Red Crescent took possession of twenty rafts donated by the
464:. Once over land, the system began to weaken; the storm degraded to a cyclonic storm on November 13, when it was about 100 km (62 mi) south-southeast of
966:, denied charges that the armed forces had not acted quickly enough and said supplies were reaching all parts of the disaster area except for some small pockets.
1012:
accused President Khan of playing down the news coverage. On November 19, students held a march in Dhaka in protest of the speed of the government response, and
3611:
3305:
1420:(2007) – The next deadliest cyclone affecting Bangladesh in November with wind speed up to 260 km/h that killed at highest estimate 15,000 people in 2007.
3366:
2964:
501:
2913:
1317:
by Scott Carney and Jason Miklian focused on how Yayhia Khan's failure to respond to the aftermath of Bhola cyclone which sparked the 1971 Bangladesh war.
957:
aircraft were assigned to relief work by the Pakistani central government. The central government said it was unable to transfer military helicopters from
1180:
The government of Singapore sent a military medical mission to East Pakistan which arrived at Chittagong on December 1, 1971. They were then deployed to
497:. Survivors later said that this meant little to them, but that they had recognised a No. 1 warning signal as representing the greatest possible threat.
256:
on November 8 and traveled northward, intensifying as it did so. It reached its peak with winds of 185 km/h (115 mph) on November 10, and made
3065:
2034:
2138:
1856:
3392:
1772:
822:
and southern Assam. The rain caused damage to housing and crops in both Indian states, with the worst damage occurring in the southernmost districts.
2859:
2805:
2674:
2634:
2309:
838:
The first survey concluded that the surface water in most of the affected regions had a comparable salt content to that drawn from wells, except in
1809:
3465:
1525:
3750:
3187:
1928:
1612:
723:
3135:
2361:
1672:
1061:(US$ 55 in 1971; equivalent to $ 341 in 2018) to rebuild, but that resources were scarce and he feared the survivors would "eat the cash".
710:
3221:
1550:
2652:
1608:
2758:
1971:
854:
on the limbs and chest caused by survivors clinging to trees to withstand the storm surge. Initially, there were fears of an outbreak of
3625:
3718:
3413:
3260:
1492:
485:
at the time. A large part of the population was reportedly taken by surprise by the storm. There were indications that East Pakistan's
3498:
1290:
In the thirty years after the 1970 cyclone, over 200 cyclone shelters were constructed in the coastal regions of Bangladesh. When the
905:
There have been mistakes, there have been delays, but by and large I'm very satisfied that everything is being done and will be done.
3765:
3242:
3523:
3785:
3651:
1906:
678:
646:
630:
2102:
738:, 95 km (59 mi) to the east of where the storm made landfall, recorded winds of 144 km/h (89 mph) before its
533:
234:
163:
1783:
2065:
1646:
551:, but because of uncertainty in the number of deaths in all four disasters, it may never be known which one was the deadliest.
246:
200:
850:
was generally restricted to minor injuries, but a phenomenon dubbed "cyclone syndrome" was observed. This consisted of severe
3775:
2886:
2721:
1468:
1226:
2177:
2013:
1581:
3031:
1384:
3359:
2602:
2551:
2479:
2423:
2284:
2233:
755:
peaked at about 4 m (13 ft) above the average sea level, 1.2 m (3.9 ft) of which was the storm surge.
3790:
3760:
777:
Over 3.6 million people were directly affected by the cyclone, and the total damage from the storm was estimated at
3561:
2834:
3780:
3755:
3694:
882:
storm surge. In the months after the storm, the mortality of the middle-aged was lower in the cyclone area than in the
831:
490:
17:
3770:
3315:
3006:
2007:
1018:
1013:
3157:
2781:
482:
3310:
2954:
1967:
1730:
1284:
1273:
970:
429:
285:
84:
2905:
1747:
1718:
814:
to Kuwait, was sunk by the storm on November 12 with the loss of all fifty people on board. The ship sent out a
1098:
802:
recorded 130 mm (5.1 in) of rain on November 8, and there were a number of floods on the islands. MV
2045:
526:
412:, in the West Pacific Ocean. The system lasted for four days, before degenerating into a remnant low over the
1933:
1214:
1153:
1846:
2109:
1668:
544:
136:
3286:
2737:
766:
and the nearby mainland coastline were destroyed. Several seagoing vessels in the ports of Chittagong and
3626:"BBC Weather Centre – World Weather – News – 15/11/2007 – Severe Cyclone Sidr hurtles towards Bangladesh"
1996:
LĂłpez-Carresi, Alejandro; Fordham, Maureen; Wisner, Ben; Kelman, Ilan; Gaillard, Jc (November 12, 2013).
795:
3598:"Scott Carney & Jason Miklian's 'The Vortex' is based on the wild theory of a cyclone splitting Pak"
3461:
3337:
1517:
1256:
1239:
405:
237:. At least 300,000 people died in the storm, possibly as many as 500,000, primarily as a result of the
3179:
1263:
of its type, it was extremely successful in raising money, aid and awareness for the region's plight.
1078:
personnel evacuated because of fears of violence. The situation deteriorated further and evolved into
3745:
2959:
2347:
506:
289:
233:
on November 12, 1970. It remains the deadliest tropical cyclone ever recorded and one of the world's
3206:
2983:
2932:
2380:
1941:
1875:
969:
Khan said there was a lack of understanding of the magnitude of the disaster. He also said that the
1683:
1334:
1091:
1079:
910:
540:
314:
132:
818:
and reported experiencing hurricane-force winds before it sank. There was also widespread rain in
2089:
1423:
1401:
1291:
1259:, in part from the Bhola cyclone, and from the civil war and genocide. Although it was the first
598:
522:
518:
437:
44:
The ITOS 1 weather satellite image of the cyclone making landfall in East Pakistan on November 12
1156:
raised about ÂŁ1.5 million (ÂŁ29 million in 2023) for disaster relief in East Pakistan.
3740:
1616:
1113:
839:
662:
428:
on the morning of November 8. The depression intensified as it moved slowly northward, and the
262:
3629:
1956:
862:
in the weeks following the storm, but the survey found no evidence of an epidemic of cholera,
2352:
1389:
1190:
1071:
1029:
1004:
548:
393:
962:
charge of the relief operations on November 24. The governor of East Pakistan, Vice Admiral
3487:
1734:
1206:
1090:
India became one of the first nations to offer aid to Pakistan, despite the generally poor
778:
175:
3531:
3264:
8:
3687:
The Vortex: A True Story of History's Deadliest Storm, an Unspeakable War, and Liberation
1889:
Sullivan, Walter (November 22, 1970). "Cyclone May Be Worst Catastrophe Of The Century".
1438:
1406:
1395:
1276:
adopted a proposal to improve its ability to provide aid to disaster-stricken countries.
963:
694:
421:
420:
on November 5, 1970. The remnants of this system contributed to the development of a new
383:
2578:"East Bengal cyclone of November, 1970: Epidemiological approach to disaster assessment"
2527:"East Bengal cyclone of November, 1970: Epidemiological approach to disaster assessment"
2455:"East Bengal cyclone of November, 1970: Epidemiological approach to disaster assessment"
2399:"East Bengal cyclone of November, 1970: Epidemiological approach to disaster assessment"
2260:"East Bengal cyclone of November, 1970: Epidemiological approach to disaster assessment"
2209:"East Bengal cyclone of November, 1970: Epidemiological approach to disaster assessment"
2056:
1738:
2113:
1891:
1135:
1117:
883:
871:
851:
266:
1414:(2008) – the deadliest named tropical cyclone worldwide in terms of direct fatalities.
3700:
3690:
3612:"'Just kill 20,000 Bengalis': Zulfikar Bhutto's advice to Yahya Khan before 1971 war"
3002:
2882:
2717:
2682:
2594:
2543:
2471:
2415:
2317:
2276:
2225:
2003:
1464:
1348:
1142:
1053:
1041:
1033:
874:, where the mortality was 46.3%, corresponding to approximately 77,000 deaths in the
3524:"WHO | Reduced death rates from cyclones in Bangladesh: what more needs to be done?"
1638:
3153:
3131:
2670:
2630:
2507:
2357:
1999:
Disaster Management: International Lessons in Risk Reduction, Response and Recovery
1742:
536:
433:
413:
373:
304:
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
218:
1120:
to be spent on constructing cyclone shelters and rebuilding housing. The American
532:
The Bhola cyclone is the deadliest tropical cyclone on record and also one of the
3725:
2185:
1997:
1376:
1260:
1248:
1217:
had collected US$ 3.5 million to supply aid to the victims of the disaster.
1160:
1058:
953:
In the ten days following the cyclone, one military transport aircraft and three
815:
417:
409:
113:
3583:
2833:. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. p. 29.
1522:
World Meteorological Organization's World Weather & Climate Extremes Archive
1441:– The deadliest Pacific typhoon and the third deadliest tropical cyclone overall
1432: – Landmass that appeared in the aftermath of the cyclone in the
985:. Relief work continued in the field, but the long-term planning was curtailed.
842:, where the water was almost undrinkable with a salt content of up to 0.5%. The
525:
was significantly stronger when it made landfall in the same general area, as a
3199:
3023:
2976:
2925:
2912:. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin. Associated Press. November 23, 1970. p. 3.
2373:
1868:
1411:
1198:
978:
938:
843:
771:
767:
614:
494:
460:
coastline during the evening of November 12, around the same time as the local
273:
3704:
846:
was estimated at 14.2%—equivalent to a death toll of 240,000. Cyclone-related
3734:
3553:
2824:
2686:
2321:
1433:
1303:
1149:
1108:
1101:
996:
958:
943:
922:
859:
486:
457:
445:
425:
253:
222:
186:
105:
835:
the second survey, approximately 1.4% of the area's population was studied.
1417:
1362:
1280:
1252:
1173:
1168:
1164:
982:
954:
925:
carrying medical personnel and supplies left Chittagong for the islands of
763:
759:
748:
281:
242:
2598:
2547:
2475:
2419:
2280:
2229:
2806:"Pakistanis Crisis Virtually Halts Rehabilitation Work in Cyclone Region"
1245:
1185:
1121:
819:
744:
539:
in modern history. A comparable number of people died as a result of the
238:
230:
1937:(European ed.). Darmstadt, Hesse. Associated Press. pp. 14–15.
1184:
where they treated nearly 27,000 people and carried out a smallpox
1124:
offered to send volunteers but were rebuffed by the central government.
1025:" and condemned the military junta's response as "criminal negligence".
3435:
2828:
2585:
2534:
2462:
2406:
2267:
2216:
1851:
1221:
1167:
both sent helicopters and various supplies worth US$ 1.3 million.
1131:
1128:
947:
807:
799:
752:
739:
735:
277:
226:
109:
39:
3488:"Cyclone Preparedness Programme (CPP) Bangladesh Red Crescent Society"
2716:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 32–33.
2184:. Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. Archived from
1022:
847:
461:
3001:(2nd ed.). Amsterdam: Cambridge University Press. p. 125.
1398:– The deadliest tropical cyclone recorded in the Southern Hemisphere
878:
alone. The mean mortality throughout the affected region was 16.5%.
1429:
934:
890:. This reflected the storm's toll on the less healthy individuals.
863:
811:
468:. The storm then rapidly weakened into a remnant low over southern
465:
453:
257:
2881:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 33.
1801:
1152:
to deliver supplies to offshore islands. An appeal by the British
269:, over 45% of the population of 167,000 were killed by the storm.
2057:
Climatological Center, Meteorological Development Bureau (2011).
1209:
1181:
930:
918:
875:
855:
1995:
300:
3355:
1770:
1202:
3222:"Nixon Pledges $ 10-Million Aid For Storm Victims in Pakistan"
2090:
https://www.academia.edu/14280191/CYCLONE_HAZARD_IN_BANGLADESH
774:
were under 1 m (3.3 ft) of water for several hours.
3061:
2103:"Cyclonic Storm Surge Modelling for Design of Coastal Polder"
981:
and then by a ban on government work in East Pakistan by the
926:
887:
529:-equivalent cyclone with 260 km/h (160 mph) winds.
469:
190:
3432:"Cyclone Protection and Coastal Area Rehabilitation Project"
1667:
866:, or any other disease in the region affected by the storm.
830:
Two medical relief surveys were carried out by the Pakistan-
2788:. United Press International. November 24, 1970. p. 9.
1748:
10.1175/1520-0477(1971)052<0438:TDTCIH>2.0.CO;2
1021:
described the destruction caused by the cyclone akin to a "
517:
Although the North Indian Ocean is the least active of the
328:
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
323:
Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
1820:(1). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 19.
1609:"NOAA Researcher's Warning Helps Save Lives in Bangladesh"
917:
The day after the storm struck the coast, three Pakistani
798:, with very heavy rain falling in places on November 8–9.
770:
were reported damaged, and the airports at Chittagong and
396:, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression
348:
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
343:
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
245:. Bhola was the sixth and strongest cyclonic storm of the
3243:"U.S. and British Helicopters Arrive to Aid Cyclone Area"
2510:(November 22, 1970). "Pakistanis Fear Cholera's Spread".
1116:
had not been handed over in March. Much of the money was
449:
338:
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
2064:(Report). Thai Meteorological Department. Archived from
2059:
Tropical cyclones in Thailand: Historical data 1951–2010
1716:
333:
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
3462:"The Beatles Bible – Live: The Concert For Bangla Desh"
3186:. Mitchell, South Dakota. Associated Press. p. 1.
2759:"East Pakistani Leaders Assail Yahya on Cyclone Relief"
284:
to gain a landslide victory in the province during the
2955:"Pakistan Cyclone Relief Still Jumbled and Inadequate"
2310:"DISEASE INCREASES IN PAKISTANI AREA SWEPT BY CYCLONE"
3414:"World Bank Offers Plan to Reconstruct East Pakistan"
3136:"People Still Dying Because Of Inadequate Relief Job"
2653:"Toll In Pakistan Is Put At 16,000, Expected To Rise"
1545:
1543:
1485:"World's deadliest tropical cyclone was 50 years ago"
1201:
donated US$ 2.1 million in food and cash, while
2879:
1971: A Global History of the Creation of Bangladesh
2714:
1971: A Global History of the Creation of Bangladesh
1922:
1920:
1810:"Worst Cyclone of the Century Batters East Pakistan"
1324:
416:
on November 4, and subsequently moved west over the
353:
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
3584:"Watch Days of Fury (1979) on the Internet Archive"
2575:
2524:
2452:
2396:
2257:
2206:
988:
2160:"Thousands of Pakistanis Are Killed by Tidal Wave"
1907:"East Pakistan Failed To Use Storm-Warning System"
1540:
1461:Encyclopedia of Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones
1302:(1979), directed by Fred Warshofsky and hosted by
241:that flooded much of the low-lying islands of the
27:Tropical cyclone that struck East Pakistan in 1970
2906:"Pakistan relief program flounder as toll mounts"
2139:"Pakistan Death Toll 55,000; May Rise to 300,000"
1917:
3732:
3173:
3171:
1773:"Annual Summary — Storms & Depressions"
436:the next day. No country in the region had ever
3263:. Disasters Emergency Committee. Archived from
2900:
2898:
1957:"The tropical cyclone problem in East Pakistan"
1723:Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
1613:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1524:. Arizona State University. November 12, 2020.
1426:– The deadliest hurricane in the Atlantic basin
3554:"Cyclone shelters save lives, but more needed"
2823:Heitzman, James; Worden, Robert, eds. (1989).
2822:
2576:Sommer, Alfred; Mosley, Wiley (May 13, 1972).
2525:Sommer, Alfred; Mosley, Wiley (May 13, 1972).
2453:Sommer, Alfred; Mosley, Wiley (May 13, 1972).
2448:
2446:
2444:
2397:Sommer, Alfred; Mosley, Wiley (May 13, 1972).
2392:
2390:
2258:Sommer, Alfred; Mosley, Wiley (May 13, 1972).
2207:Sommer, Alfred; Mosley, Wiley (May 13, 1972).
1463:(2 ed.). Facts On File Inc. p. 215.
3684:
3303:
3168:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2569:
1847:"Many Pakistan flood victims died needlessly"
1841:
1839:
1551:"The 16 deadliest storms of the last century"
1298:Footage of the incident appeared in the film
1233:
3021:
2996:
2895:
2251:
1719:"The deadliest tropical cyclone in history?"
1673:"Western North Pacific Tropical Storms 1969"
1518:"World: Highest Mortality, Tropical Cyclone"
995:We have a large army, but it is left to the
3652:"Bangladesh cyclone death toll hits 15,000"
2518:
2441:
2387:
2200:
2182:EM-DAT: The International Disaster Database
1929:"The Day The Cyclone Came To East Pakistan"
794:The cyclone brought widespread rain to the
3424:
2939:
1836:
1573:
38:
3408:
3406:
3237:
3235:
3152:
3130:
3126:
3124:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3055:"A Critical Juncture Analysis, 1964–2003"
3015:
2854:
2852:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2753:
2751:
2669:
2629:
2506:
2101:Kabir, M. M.; Saha, B. C.; Hye, J. M. A.
1746:
1458:
1163:2 million of assistance. France and
1085:
1064:
295:
3219:
3108:
2876:
2711:
2625:
2623:
2502:
2500:
2154:
2152:
2100:
1948:
1888:
1807:
1771:India Meteorological Department (1970).
1717:Frank, Neil; Husain, S. A. (June 1971).
299:
3177:
3109:Halloran, Richard (November 29, 1970).
2952:
1926:
1588:from the original on September 17, 2021
1579:
1528:from the original on September 30, 2020
1452:
560:Deadliest tropical cyclones since 1900
14:
3751:1970 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
3733:
3685:Carney, Scott; Miklian, Jason (2022).
3564:from the original on November 14, 2016
3504:from the original on November 14, 2016
3403:
3390:
3384:
3348:
3330:
3297:
3279:
3232:
3213:
3146:
3121:
3111:"Pakistan Storm Relief a Vast Problem"
3083:
3034:from the original on December 28, 2020
2849:
2803:
2792:
2769:
2748:
2364:from the original on December 21, 2019
2145:. Associated Press. November 16, 1970.
2016:from the original on November 12, 2023
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1606:
898:
762:, and the rice crops of Bhola Island,
286:election that took place a month later
247:1970 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
201:1970 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
122:Category 4-equivalent tropical cyclone
3220:Naughton, James (November 17, 1970).
3190:from the original on January 19, 2016
3178:Zeitlin, Arnold (November 20, 1970).
3052:
3046:
2967:from the original on January 19, 2016
2916:from the original on January 19, 2016
2730:
2693:from the original on October 31, 2022
2645:
2620:
2497:
2149:
2131:
1927:Zeitlin, Arnold (December 11, 1970).
1899:
1882:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1649:from the original on January 19, 2016
1582:"Remembering the great Bhola cyclone"
1512:
1510:
3393:"Thant Again Asks Aid To Pakistanis"
3391:Brewer, Sam Pope (August 13, 1971).
3053:Olson, Richard (February 21, 2005).
2953:Zeitlin, Arnold (January 13, 1971).
2328:from the original on August 13, 2023
1954:
1580:Francis, Julian (November 9, 2019).
1561:from the original on January 7, 2022
1385:List of Bangladesh tropical cyclones
252:The cyclone formed over the central
3372:from the original on April 13, 2007
3253:
2860:"Copter Shortage Balks Cyclone Aid"
2094:
2083:
2050:
1755:
1661:
1600:
1491:. November 12, 2020. Archived from
24:
3678:
3354:
3306:"Medical Mission to East Pakistan"
3304:Choy Choi Kee (November 7, 1999).
3158:"Pakistan Leader Visits Survivors"
3022:Technologies, Jin (June 1, 2003).
2963:. Associated Press. p. P-11.
2837:from the original on June 22, 2011
2804:Durdin, Tillman (March 11, 1971).
2675:"YAHYA CONCEDES 'SLIPS' IN RELIEF"
2635:"Yahya Condedes 'Slips' in Relief"
1955:Dunn, Gordon (November 28, 1961).
1808:Schwerdt, Richard (January 1971).
1701:
1607:Ouderm, Paula (December 6, 2007).
1507:
491:Pakistan Meteorological Department
489:system was not used properly. The
25:
3802:
3719:On this day – liketelevision
3712:
3662:from the original on May 19, 2011
3468:from the original on May 27, 2016
2782:"Yahya Directing Disaster Relief"
1977:from the original on June 7, 2012
1824:from the original on May 17, 2021
1392:– The deadliest Pacific hurricane
1019:Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
1014:Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani
751:. In the port at Chittagong, the
272:The Pakistani government, led by
3766:Extremely severe cyclonic storms
3205:
2982:
2931:
2379:
2360:. November 15, 1970. p. 1.
1940:
1874:
1859:from the original on May 9, 2016
1855:. January 31, 1971. p. E3.
1782:. pp. 10–11. Archived from
1369:
1355:
1341:
1327:
1266:
1159:The Canadian government pledged
989:Criticism of government response
388:
378:
368:
235:deadliest humanitarian disasters
3786:Tropical cyclones in Bangladesh
3644:
3618:
3604:
3590:
3576:
3546:
3516:
3480:
3454:
2990:
2870:
2816:
2705:
2663:
2340:
2302:
2170:
2039:
2028:
1989:
1968:American Meteorological Society
1731:American Meteorological Society
1285:Bangladesh Red Crescent Society
475:
430:India Meteorological Department
74:Extremely severe cyclonic storm
2825:"Emerging Discontent, 1966–70"
1631:
1477:
734:The meteorological station in
13:
1:
3261:"DEC Appeals and Evaluations"
3249:. Reuters. November 20, 1970.
3180:"Official Death Toll 148,116"
2997:van Schendel, Willem (2009).
2765:. Reuters. November 23, 1970.
1445:
1215:League of Red Cross Societies
1154:Disasters Emergency Committee
825:
554:
3776:November 1970 events in Asia
2110:Institute of Water Modelling
1669:Joint Typhoon Warning Center
893:
545:2004 Indian Ocean earthquake
147:240 km/h (150 mph)
95:185 km/h (115 mph)
7:
2830:Bangladesh: A Country Study
2348:"Cyclone Toll Still Rising"
1320:
1309:
796:Andaman and Nicobar Islands
10:
3807:
3791:Tropical cyclones in India
3761:Environment of West Bengal
3724:November 15, 2020, at the
3614:. The Print. May 27, 2022.
3360:"Sixty Years For Children"
2877:Raghavan, Srinath (2013).
2712:Raghavan, Srinath (2013).
2002:. Routledge. p. 250.
1680:Annual Typhoon Report 1969
1257:The Concert for Bangladesh
1255:were inspired to organize
1240:The Concert for Bangladesh
1237:
1234:The Concert for Bangladesh
174:$ 86.4 million (1970
164:Deadliest tropical cyclone
3781:Tropical cyclones in 1970
3756:Environment of Bangladesh
2960:Long Beach Press-Telegram
1780:India Weather Review 1970
1459:Longshore, David (2007).
1272:list of specialists. The
717:
706:
512:
507:National Hurricane Center
500:Following two previously
290:Bangladesh Liberation War
196:
182:
170:
156:
151:
143:
127:
120:
99:
91:
79:
72:
64:
56:
49:
37:
3771:History of East Pakistan
3287:"Pope to Visit Pakistan"
3024:"General Elections 1970"
2738:"Foreign Relief Spurred"
1335:Tropical cyclones portal
1292:next destructive cyclone
911:Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan
789:
541:1976 Tangshan earthquake
2999:A History of Bangladesh
1424:Great Hurricane of 1780
1402:1991 Bangladesh cyclone
1080:the subsequent genocide
523:1991 Bangladesh cyclone
519:tropical cyclone basins
483:Indo-Pakistani friction
3438:. 2005. Archived from
1964:Monthly Weather Review
1557:. September 13, 2017.
1555:Business Insider India
1114:United States Congress
1086:International response
1065:Political consequences
1001:
907:
401:
296:Meteorological history
51:Meteorological history
3658:. November 18, 2007.
3338:"Tokyo Increases Aid"
3156:(November 25, 1970).
3134:(November 29, 1970).
2673:(November 28, 1970).
2633:(November 22, 1970).
2353:Florence Morning News
2316:. November 18, 1970.
1689:on September 25, 2018
1390:1959 Mexico hurricane
1191:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
1072:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
1030:Pakistan Red Crescent
1005:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
993:
971:1970 general election
903:
667:Thailand, Bangladesh
549:2010 Haiti earthquake
394:Extratropical cyclone
303:
215:Great Cyclone of 1970
3560:. January 30, 2008.
3534:on November 21, 2013
3293:. November 22, 1970.
2866:. November 18, 1970.
2744:. November 22, 1970.
2659:. November 15, 1970.
2166:. November 14, 1970.
1814:Mariners Weather Log
1495:on December 18, 2023
1207:UN Secretary-General
502:destructive cyclones
315:Saffir–Simpson scale
217:) was a devastating
100:Lowest pressure
3420:. December 2, 1970.
3344:. December 2, 1970.
3311:Ministry of Defence
2542:(7759): 1029–1036.
2470:(7759): 1029–1036.
2414:(7759): 1029–1036.
2275:(7759): 1029–1036.
2224:(7759): 1029–1036.
1913:. December 1, 1970.
1739:1971BAMS...52..438F
1439:Typhoon Nina (1975)
1407:1999 Odisha cyclone
1396:1973 Flores cyclone
1274:UN General Assembly
1039:A reporter for the
899:Government response
561:
452:. The cyclone made
408:developed over the
406:Tropical Storm Nora
384:Subtropical cyclone
213:(also known as the
34:
3689:. New York: Ecco.
3632:on January 7, 2008
3418:The New York Times
3397:The New York Times
3342:The New York Times
3291:The New York Times
3247:The New York Times
3226:The New York Times
3184:The Daily Republic
3162:The New York Times
3140:The New York Times
3115:The New York Times
2864:The New York Times
2810:The New York Times
2786:The New York Times
2763:The New York Times
2742:The New York Times
2679:The New York Times
2657:The New York Times
2639:The New York Times
2512:The New York Times
2314:The New York Times
2164:The New York Times
2143:The New York Times
1911:The New York Times
1892:The New York Times
1643:en.banglapedia.org
999:to bury our dead.
559:
402:
211:1970 Bhola cyclone
144:Highest winds
129:1-minute sustained
92:Highest winds
81:3-minute sustained
33:1970 Bhola cyclone
32:
18:1970 Bhola Cyclone
3154:Schanberg, Sydney
3132:Schanberg, Sydney
3071:on April 14, 2007
3028:Story of Pakistan
2910:The Daily Tribune
2888:978-0-674-72864-6
2723:978-0-674-72864-6
2671:Schanberg, Sydney
2631:Schanberg, Sydney
2508:Schanberg, Sydney
2178:"Country Profile"
1934:Stars and Stripes
1584:. Dhaka Tribune.
1470:978-0-8160-6295-9
1349:Bangladesh portal
1042:Pakistan Observer
1034:British Red Cross
937:. Teams from the
732:
731:
537:natural disasters
432:upgraded it to a
207:
206:
68:November 13, 1970
16:(Redirected from
3798:
3746:1970 in Pakistan
3708:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3628:. Archived from
3622:
3616:
3615:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3600:. Tribute India.
3594:
3588:
3587:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3539:
3530:. Archived from
3520:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3503:
3492:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3442:on March 4, 2007
3428:
3422:
3421:
3410:
3401:
3400:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3371:
3364:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3334:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3318:on June 26, 2007
3314:. Archived from
3301:
3295:
3294:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3267:on April 7, 2007
3257:
3251:
3250:
3239:
3230:
3229:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3203:
3197:
3195:
3175:
3166:
3165:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3128:
3119:
3118:
3106:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3070:
3064:. Archived from
3059:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3019:
3013:
3012:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2980:
2974:
2972:
2950:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2929:
2923:
2921:
2902:
2893:
2892:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2856:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2801:
2790:
2789:
2778:
2767:
2766:
2755:
2746:
2745:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2627:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2608:on June 22, 2007
2607:
2601:. Archived from
2582:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2557:on June 22, 2007
2556:
2550:. Archived from
2531:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2504:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2485:on June 22, 2007
2484:
2478:. Archived from
2459:
2450:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2429:on June 22, 2007
2428:
2422:. Archived from
2403:
2394:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2377:
2371:
2369:
2358:Associated Press
2344:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2290:on June 22, 2007
2289:
2283:. Archived from
2264:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2239:on June 22, 2007
2238:
2232:. Archived from
2213:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2156:
2147:
2146:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2119:on June 22, 2007
2118:
2112:. Archived from
2107:
2098:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2071:on March 3, 2016
2070:
2063:
2054:
2048:
2043:
2037:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1976:
1961:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1938:
1924:
1915:
1914:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1864:
1843:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1789:on June 14, 2019
1788:
1777:
1768:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1714:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1688:
1682:. Archived from
1677:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1615:. Archived from
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1547:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1514:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1456:
1379:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1365:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1351:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1337:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1007:
942:victims of then
913:
562:
558:
414:Gulf of Thailand
392:
391:
382:
381:
374:Tropical cyclone
372:
371:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
292:7 months later.
219:tropical cyclone
160:300,000–500,000
123:
116:
75:
60:November 8, 1970
52:
42:
35:
31:
21:
3806:
3805:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3795:
3731:
3730:
3726:Wayback Machine
3715:
3697:
3681:
3679:Further reading
3676:
3675:
3665:
3663:
3650:
3649:
3645:
3635:
3633:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3567:
3565:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3537:
3535:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3490:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3471:
3469:
3464:. August 1971.
3460:
3459:
3455:
3445:
3443:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3412:
3411:
3404:
3389:
3385:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3362:
3353:
3349:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3321:
3319:
3302:
3298:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3270:
3268:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3241:
3240:
3233:
3218:
3214:
3204:
3193:
3191:
3176:
3169:
3151:
3147:
3129:
3122:
3107:
3084:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3057:
3051:
3047:
3037:
3035:
3020:
3016:
3009:
2995:
2991:
2981:
2970:
2968:
2951:
2940:
2930:
2919:
2917:
2904:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2875:
2871:
2858:
2857:
2850:
2840:
2838:
2821:
2817:
2802:
2793:
2780:
2779:
2770:
2757:
2756:
2749:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2710:
2706:
2696:
2694:
2668:
2664:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2628:
2621:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2580:
2574:
2570:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2529:
2523:
2519:
2505:
2498:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2457:
2451:
2442:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2401:
2395:
2388:
2378:
2367:
2365:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2331:
2329:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2262:
2256:
2252:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2211:
2205:
2201:
2191:
2189:
2188:on May 12, 2016
2176:
2175:
2171:
2158:
2157:
2150:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2105:
2099:
2095:
2088:
2084:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2061:
2055:
2051:
2044:
2040:
2033:
2029:
2019:
2017:
2010:
1994:
1990:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1959:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1925:
1918:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1887:
1883:
1873:
1862:
1860:
1845:
1844:
1837:
1827:
1825:
1806:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1775:
1769:
1756:
1715:
1702:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1675:
1666:
1662:
1652:
1650:
1645:. Banglapedia.
1637:
1636:
1632:
1622:
1620:
1619:on May 17, 2008
1605:
1601:
1591:
1589:
1578:
1574:
1564:
1562:
1549:
1548:
1541:
1531:
1529:
1516:
1515:
1508:
1498:
1496:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1471:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1377:Pakistan portal
1375:
1370:
1368:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1347:
1342:
1340:
1333:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1312:
1269:
1261:benefit concert
1249:George Harrison
1242:
1236:
1088:
1067:
1009:
1003:
997:British Marines
991:
915:
909:
901:
896:
828:
816:distress signal
792:
599:Bangladesh 1991
557:
515:
478:
424:in the central
418:Malay Peninsula
410:South China Sea
404:On November 1,
400:
399:
398:
397:
389:
386:
379:
376:
369:
366:
360:
359:
355:
354:
350:
349:
345:
344:
340:
339:
335:
334:
330:
329:
325:
324:
320:
318:
309:
305:
298:
288:as well as the
276:leader General
197:
161:
152:Overall effects
121:
103:
73:
50:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3804:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3729:
3728:
3714:
3713:External links
3711:
3710:
3709:
3696:978-0062985415
3695:
3680:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3643:
3617:
3603:
3589:
3575:
3545:
3515:
3479:
3453:
3423:
3402:
3383:
3347:
3329:
3296:
3278:
3252:
3231:
3212:
3200:Newspapers.com
3167:
3145:
3120:
3082:
3045:
3014:
3007:
2989:
2977:Newspapers.com
2938:
2926:Newspapers.com
2894:
2887:
2869:
2848:
2815:
2791:
2768:
2747:
2729:
2722:
2704:
2662:
2644:
2619:
2568:
2517:
2496:
2440:
2386:
2374:Newspapers.com
2339:
2301:
2250:
2199:
2169:
2148:
2130:
2093:
2082:
2049:
2038:
2027:
2008:
1988:
1947:
1916:
1898:
1881:
1869:Newspapers.com
1835:
1800:
1754:
1700:
1660:
1630:
1599:
1572:
1539:
1506:
1489:public.wmo.int
1476:
1469:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1436:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1412:Cyclone Nargis
1409:
1404:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1366:
1352:
1338:
1322:
1319:
1311:
1308:
1268:
1265:
1238:Main article:
1235:
1232:
1199:United Nations
1099:U.S. President
1087:
1084:
1066:
1063:
992:
990:
987:
979:general strike
939:Pakistani Army
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
827:
824:
810:en route from
806:, a 5,500-ton
791:
788:
730:
729:
726:
720:
719:
716:
713:
708:
704:
703:
700:
697:
692:
688:
687:
684:
681:
676:
672:
671:
668:
665:
660:
656:
655:
652:
649:
644:
640:
639:
636:
633:
628:
624:
623:
620:
617:
612:
608:
607:
604:
601:
596:
592:
591:
588:
585:
580:
576:
575:
572:
569:
566:
556:
553:
514:
511:
495:Radio Pakistan
477:
474:
472:that evening.
434:cyclonic storm
387:
377:
367:
362:
361:
319:
312:
311:
310:
307:
306:
297:
294:
229:) and India's
205:
204:
194:
193:
184:
183:Areas affected
180:
179:
172:
168:
167:
158:
154:
153:
149:
148:
145:
141:
140:
125:
124:
118:
117:
112:); 28.35
101:
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
77:
76:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
47:
46:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3803:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3741:1970 in India
3739:
3738:
3736:
3727:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3692:
3688:
3683:
3682:
3661:
3657:
3656:The Telegraph
3653:
3647:
3631:
3627:
3621:
3613:
3607:
3599:
3593:
3585:
3579:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3549:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3519:
3500:
3496:
3489:
3483:
3467:
3463:
3457:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3427:
3419:
3415:
3409:
3407:
3398:
3394:
3387:
3368:
3361:
3357:
3351:
3343:
3339:
3333:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3300:
3292:
3288:
3282:
3266:
3262:
3256:
3248:
3244:
3238:
3236:
3227:
3223:
3216:
3208:
3201:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3174:
3172:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3149:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3127:
3125:
3116:
3112:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3067:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3018:
3010:
3008:9781108684644
3004:
3000:
2993:
2985:
2978:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2934:
2927:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2901:
2899:
2890:
2884:
2880:
2873:
2865:
2861:
2855:
2853:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2819:
2811:
2807:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2787:
2783:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2764:
2760:
2754:
2752:
2743:
2739:
2733:
2725:
2719:
2715:
2708:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2666:
2658:
2654:
2648:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2593:(7759): 7–8.
2592:
2588:
2587:
2579:
2572:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2528:
2521:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2501:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2456:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2400:
2393:
2391:
2382:
2375:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2343:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2305:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2261:
2254:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2210:
2203:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2153:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2115:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2091:
2086:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2031:
2015:
2011:
2009:9781136179778
2005:
2001:
2000:
1992:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1958:
1951:
1943:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1923:
1921:
1912:
1908:
1902:
1894:
1893:
1885:
1877:
1870:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1804:
1785:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1685:
1681:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1603:
1587:
1583:
1576:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1544:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1511:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1472:
1466:
1462:
1455:
1451:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1434:Bay of Bengal
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1367:
1364:
1353:
1350:
1339:
1336:
1325:
1318:
1316:
1307:
1305:
1304:Vincent Price
1301:
1296:
1293:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1279:In 1966, the
1277:
1275:
1267:Post-disaster
1264:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1251:and musician
1250:
1247:
1241:
1231:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1150:landing craft
1147:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1134:, centred on
1133:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1102:Richard Nixon
1100:
1096:
1093:
1083:
1081:
1075:
1073:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1049:
1044:
1043:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1008:
1006:
1000:
998:
986:
984:
980:
974:
972:
967:
965:
960:
959:West Pakistan
956:
951:
949:
945:
944:East Pakistan
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
923:hospital ship
920:
914:
912:
906:
891:
889:
886:region, near
885:
879:
877:
873:
867:
865:
861:
860:typhoid fever
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
836:
833:
823:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
787:
783:
780:
775:
773:
769:
765:
761:
756:
754:
750:
746:
741:
737:
727:
725:
722:
721:
714:
712:
709:
705:
701:
698:
696:
693:
690:
689:
685:
682:
680:
677:
674:
673:
669:
666:
664:
661:
658:
657:
653:
650:
648:
645:
642:
641:
637:
634:
632:
629:
626:
625:
621:
618:
616:
613:
610:
609:
605:
602:
600:
597:
594:
593:
589:
586:
584:
581:
578:
577:
573:
570:
567:
564:
563:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
535:
530:
528:
524:
520:
510:
508:
503:
498:
496:
492:
488:
487:storm warning
484:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
458:East Pakistan
455:
451:
447:
442:
439:
435:
431:
427:
426:Bay of Bengal
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
395:
385:
375:
365:
317:
316:
302:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
270:
268:
264:
259:
255:
254:Bay of Bengal
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
225:(present-day
224:
223:East Pakistan
220:
216:
212:
203:
202:
195:
192:
188:
187:East Pakistan
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
159:
155:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
119:
115:
111:
107:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
48:
41:
36:
30:
19:
3686:
3664:. Retrieved
3655:
3646:
3634:. Retrieved
3630:the original
3620:
3606:
3592:
3578:
3568:November 13,
3566:. Retrieved
3557:
3548:
3538:November 13,
3536:. Retrieved
3532:the original
3527:
3518:
3508:November 13,
3506:. Retrieved
3494:
3482:
3470:. Retrieved
3456:
3444:. Retrieved
3440:the original
3426:
3417:
3396:
3386:
3374:. Retrieved
3350:
3341:
3332:
3320:. Retrieved
3316:the original
3309:
3299:
3290:
3281:
3269:. Retrieved
3265:the original
3255:
3246:
3225:
3215:
3198:– via
3192:. Retrieved
3183:
3161:
3148:
3139:
3114:
3073:. Retrieved
3066:the original
3048:
3036:. Retrieved
3027:
3017:
2998:
2992:
2975:– via
2969:. Retrieved
2958:
2924:– via
2918:. Retrieved
2909:
2878:
2872:
2863:
2839:. Retrieved
2829:
2818:
2812:. p. 2.
2809:
2785:
2762:
2741:
2732:
2713:
2707:
2695:. Retrieved
2678:
2665:
2656:
2647:
2638:
2610:. Retrieved
2603:the original
2590:
2584:
2571:
2559:. Retrieved
2552:the original
2539:
2533:
2520:
2511:
2487:. Retrieved
2480:the original
2467:
2461:
2431:. Retrieved
2424:the original
2411:
2405:
2372:– via
2366:. Retrieved
2351:
2342:
2330:. Retrieved
2313:
2304:
2292:. Retrieved
2285:the original
2272:
2266:
2253:
2241:. Retrieved
2234:the original
2221:
2215:
2202:
2190:. Retrieved
2186:the original
2181:
2172:
2163:
2142:
2133:
2121:. Retrieved
2114:the original
2096:
2085:
2073:. Retrieved
2066:the original
2052:
2041:
2030:
2018:. Retrieved
1998:
1991:
1979:. Retrieved
1963:
1950:
1932:
1910:
1901:
1890:
1884:
1867:– via
1861:. Retrieved
1850:
1826:. Retrieved
1817:
1813:
1803:
1791:. Retrieved
1784:the original
1779:
1726:
1722:
1691:. Retrieved
1684:the original
1679:
1663:
1653:November 13,
1651:. Retrieved
1642:
1633:
1621:. Retrieved
1617:the original
1602:
1592:February 24,
1590:. Retrieved
1575:
1565:February 23,
1563:. Retrieved
1554:
1532:February 23,
1530:. Retrieved
1521:
1499:December 26,
1497:. Retrieved
1493:the original
1488:
1479:
1460:
1454:
1418:Cyclone Sidr
1363:India portal
1314:
1313:
1300:Days of Fury
1299:
1297:
1289:
1281:Red Crescent
1278:
1270:
1253:Ravi Shankar
1244:In 1971, ex-
1243:
1219:
1196:
1179:
1169:Pope Paul VI
1165:West Germany
1158:
1144:
1137:
1126:
1107:
1097:
1089:
1076:
1068:
1052:
1047:
1040:
1038:
1027:
1010:
1002:
994:
983:Awami League
975:
968:
955:crop-dusting
952:
916:
908:
904:
880:
868:
837:
829:
804:Mahajagmitra
803:
793:
784:
776:
764:Hatia Island
760:Bhola Island
757:
749:Ganges Delta
733:
724:Unnamed 1965
711:Unnamed 1958
679:Unnamed 1919
663:Harriet 1962
647:Unnamed 1917
631:Unnamed 1911
582:
531:
516:
499:
479:
476:Preparations
443:
403:
363:
313:
282:Awami League
271:
251:
243:Ganges Delta
221:that struck
214:
210:
208:
199:
198:Part of the
128:
80:
29:
3528:www.who.int
2697:October 31,
1623:January 24,
1315:The Vortrex
1186:vaccination
1122:Peace Corps
964:S. M. Ahsan
820:West Bengal
772:Cox's Bazar
745:storm surge
728:Bangladesh
715:Bangladesh
683:Bangladesh
651:Bangladesh
635:Bangladesh
615:Nargis 2008
603:Bangladesh
587:Bangladesh
574:Fatalities
239:storm surge
231:West Bengal
3735:Categories
3705:1304903239
3436:World Bank
2586:The Lancet
2535:The Lancet
2463:The Lancet
2407:The Lancet
2332:August 13,
2268:The Lancet
2217:The Lancet
2075:October 5,
1852:Lowell Sun
1446:References
1222:World Bank
1132:task force
1129:Royal Navy
1051:editor of
948:Bangladesh
872:Tazumuddin
826:Death toll
800:Port Blair
753:storm tide
740:anemometer
736:Chittagong
583:Bhola 1970
568:Name/Year
555:Bangladesh
527:Category 5
422:depression
364:Storm type
278:Yahya Khan
267:Tazumuddin
227:Bangladesh
166:on record)
157:Fatalities
65:Dissipated
3446:April 15,
3376:April 15,
3322:April 15,
3271:April 15,
3194:April 15,
3075:April 15,
3038:April 15,
2971:April 15,
2920:August 5,
2841:April 15,
2687:0362-4331
2612:April 15,
2561:April 15,
2489:April 15,
2433:April 15,
2368:April 15,
2322:0362-4331
2294:April 15,
2243:April 15,
2192:April 15,
2123:April 15,
1981:April 15,
1863:April 15,
1793:April 15,
1693:March 15,
1639:"Cyclone"
1143:HMS
1136:HMS
1118:earmarked
1092:relations
1023:Holocaust
894:Aftermath
852:abrasions
848:morbidity
844:mortality
808:freighter
695:Nina 1975
534:deadliest
462:high tide
3722:Archived
3660:Archived
3562:Archived
3499:Archived
3495:iawe.org
3466:Archived
3367:Archived
3188:Archived
3032:Archived
2965:Archived
2914:Archived
2835:Archived
2691:Archived
2362:Archived
2326:Archived
2014:Archived
1972:Archived
1857:Archived
1822:Archived
1671:(1969).
1647:Archived
1586:Archived
1559:Archived
1526:Archived
1430:New Moor
1321:See also
1310:In Books
1138:Intrepid
1048:Observer
935:Kutubdia
919:gunboats
864:smallpox
840:Sudharam
812:Calcutta
638:120,000
622:138,373
619:Myanmar
606:138,866
590:300,000
547:and the
466:Agartala
454:landfall
358:Unknown
258:landfall
3666:May 19,
3636:May 19,
3586:. 1979.
2599:4112181
2548:4112181
2476:4112181
2420:4112181
2281:4112181
2230:4112181
1828:May 19,
1735:Bibcode
1733:: 438.
1210:U Thant
1182:Sandwip
1145:Triumph
1054:Ittefaq
931:Sandwip
884:control
856:cholera
747:at the
718:12,000
702:26,000
686:40,000
670:50,935
654:70,000
571:Region
456:on the
308:Map key
263:upazila
3703:
3693:
3472:May 3,
3356:UNICEF
3005:
2885:
2720:
2685:
2597:
2546:
2474:
2418:
2320:
2279:
2228:
2020:May 6,
2006:
1467:
1246:Beatle
1203:UNICEF
1174:Soviet
1059:rupees
921:and a
768:Mongla
699:China
513:Impact
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
171:Damage
57:Formed
3502:(PDF)
3491:(PDF)
3370:(PDF)
3363:(PDF)
3069:(PDF)
3062:USAID
3058:(PDF)
2606:(PDF)
2581:(PDF)
2555:(PDF)
2530:(PDF)
2483:(PDF)
2458:(PDF)
2427:(PDF)
2402:(PDF)
2288:(PDF)
2263:(PDF)
2237:(PDF)
2212:(PDF)
2117:(PDF)
2106:(PDF)
2069:(PDF)
2062:(PDF)
1975:(PDF)
1960:(PDF)
1787:(PDF)
1776:(PDF)
1729:(6).
1687:(PDF)
1676:(PDF)
946:(now
927:Hatia
888:Dhaka
876:thana
832:SEATO
790:India
565:Rank
470:Assam
438:named
274:junta
191:India
133:SSHWS
3701:OCLC
3691:ISBN
3668:2020
3638:2020
3570:2016
3558:IRIN
3540:2016
3510:2016
3474:2016
3448:2007
3378:2007
3324:2007
3273:2007
3196:2007
3077:2007
3040:2007
3003:ISBN
2973:2007
2922:2015
2883:ISBN
2843:2007
2718:ISBN
2699:2022
2683:ISSN
2614:2007
2595:PMID
2563:2007
2544:PMID
2491:2007
2472:PMID
2435:2007
2416:PMID
2370:2007
2334:2023
2318:ISSN
2296:2007
2277:PMID
2245:2007
2226:PMID
2194:2007
2125:2007
2077:2020
2035:NOAA
2022:2016
2004:ISBN
1983:2007
1865:2007
1830:2016
1795:2007
1695:2012
1655:2016
1625:2008
1594:2022
1567:2022
1534:2022
1501:2022
1465:ISBN
1220:The
1197:The
1141:and
1109:CARE
1028:The
933:and
858:and
779:US$
209:The
189:and
137:JTWC
114:inHg
110:mbar
104:960
2046:MDR
1743:doi
1227:IDA
1161:C$
450:hPa
446:eye
176:USD
106:hPa
85:IMD
3737::
3699:.
3654:.
3556:.
3526:.
3497:.
3493:.
3434:.
3416:.
3405:^
3395:.
3365:.
3358:.
3340:.
3308:.
3289:.
3245:.
3234:^
3224:.
3182:.
3170:^
3160:.
3138:.
3123:^
3113:.
3085:^
3060:.
3030:.
3026:.
2957:.
2941:^
2908:.
2897:^
2862:.
2851:^
2827:.
2808:.
2794:^
2784:.
2771:^
2761:.
2750:^
2740:.
2689:.
2681:.
2677:.
2655:.
2637:.
2622:^
2589:.
2583:.
2538:.
2532:.
2499:^
2466:.
2460:.
2443:^
2410:.
2404:.
2389:^
2356:.
2350:.
2324:.
2312:.
2271:.
2265:.
2220:.
2214:.
2180:.
2162:.
2151:^
2141:.
2108:.
2012:.
1970:.
1966:.
1962:.
1931:.
1919:^
1909:.
1849:.
1838:^
1818:15
1816:.
1812:.
1778:.
1757:^
1741:.
1727:52
1725:.
1721:.
1703:^
1678:.
1641:.
1611:.
1553:.
1542:^
1520:.
1509:^
1487:.
1306:.
1127:A
1082:.
929:,
707:9
691:8
675:7
659:6
643:5
627:4
611:3
595:2
579:1
543:,
265:,
249:.
3707:.
3670:.
3640:.
3572:.
3542:.
3512:.
3476:.
3450:.
3399:.
3380:.
3326:.
3275:.
3228:.
3202:.
3164:.
3142:.
3117:.
3079:.
3042:.
3011:.
2979:.
2928:.
2891:.
2845:.
2726:.
2701:.
2641:.
2616:.
2591:1
2565:.
2540:1
2514:.
2493:.
2468:1
2437:.
2412:1
2376:.
2336:.
2298:.
2273:1
2247:.
2222:1
2196:.
2127:.
2079:.
2024:.
1985:.
1895:.
1871:.
1832:.
1797:.
1751:.
1745::
1737::
1697:.
1657:.
1627:.
1596:.
1569:.
1536:.
1503:.
1473:.
178:)
162:(
139:)
135:/
131:(
108:(
87:)
83:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
