590:
602:
30:
1519:
560:
329:
635:
621:
575:
344:
65:
51:
37:
339:
Numerous structures in the west coast suffered irreparable damage. Factories and production facilities were virtually destroyed, while bridges and roads were severely damaged. The earthquake caused several mudslides in areas where the intensity exceeded Level VII, but none caused numerous deaths.
496:), and 5.2 m (17 ft) at Point Jiguero. Several coastal villages were destroyed, and it has been estimated that 40 people drowned (32 in Aguadilla alone) as a direct result of the tsunami. The earthquake and consequent tsunami destroyed most historic vernacular residences in
405:
suffered structural damages and the
Degetau Hall was destroyed with its main entrance portico being the only standing structure left intact. These ruins were later preserved, and its portico would later on become a local landmark and the official emblem of the institution today.
303:
that swept the west coast of the island. The combined effects of the earthquake and tsunami made it one of the worst natural disasters that have struck the island. The losses resulting from the disaster were approximately 76–118 casualties and $ 4–29 million in property damage.
340:
Also, the river currents were affected, which, in many cases affected the foundations of many bridges, resulting in their collapse. Telegraph cables under the ocean were damaged, cutting off the island from outside communication for a time.
589:
358:
of the earthquake have been estimated somewhere between 76 and 116 deaths. Approximately 40 of these deaths were caused by the tsunami which swept shore communities. Damage to property was estimated to be between $ 4 and 29 million.
1060:
Mariano G. Coronas Castro, Certifying
Official; Felix J. del Campo, State Historian; and Jorge Ortiz Colom, State Architect, Puerto Rico Historic Preservation Office. (San Juan, Puerto Rico) April 7, 1987. In
841:
1482:
Brink, U.; Chaytor, J.; Flores, C.; Wei, Y.; Detmer, S.; Lucas, L.; Andrews, B.; Georgiopoulou, A. (2023). "Seafloor
Observations Eliminate a Landslide as the Source of the 1918 Puerto Rico Tsunami".
488:
lashed the west coast of the island, probably 4–7 minutes after the main shock. The highest waves were estimated at 6.0 m (19.7 ft) in Point
Agujereada, 4.5 m (15 ft) at
386:
601:
520:
were reported immediately after the main earthquake. On
October 24 and November 12, two strong aftershocks were reported on the island. However, no damage was reported as a result.
528:
The response from the United States was to exempt the municipalities most affected from paying taxes for a short period immediately following the quake: those municipalities were
997:
El Pórtico
Federico Degetau en la Universidad de Puerto Rico en Mayagüez: Su Historia estética, constructiva y simbólica así como sus influencias arquitectónicas en Mayagüez
1249:
559:
445:
465:
2042:
385:, the largest city to be directly affected, 700 masonry buildings were damaged and 1,000 wooden houses, so many people were homeless. Major buildings like the
668:
390:
397:
were severely damaged. With fear because of the aftershocks, many people camped out in the hills for weeks. Some of the buildings of the recently founded
29:
1598:
489:
819:
1546:
1223:
422:
1541:
772:
1065:. United States Department of the Interior. National Park Service. (Washington, D.C.) Page 3. Listing Reference Number 87000769. May 14, 1986.
1051:. United States Department of the Interior. National Park Service. (Washington, D.C.) Page 3. Listing Reference Number 84003150. 12 July 1984.
453:
1570:
1513:
2125:
2035:
653:
398:
1434:
945:
501:
164:
1018:
734:
2083:
1591:
1385:
2028:
1747:
1047:
Armando
Morales-Pares, State Architect, and Abelardo Gonzalez-Architect, State Historic Preservation Office, 23 May 1984. In
1537:
2051:
683:
229:
2315:
2261:
658:
2213:
2172:
717:
678:
88:
1584:
2295:
1038:
National
Archives, Records of the Public Buildings Service, Record Group #121; Box #855; "Ponce, P.R., Custom House"
2249:
1971:
1907:
1827:
1523:
1446:
1397:
768:
595:
Map showing the epicenters of all the magnitude 5 and greater earthquakes around Puerto Rico for the last 100 years
102:
418:
370:
and most of the stone and concrete buildings were either destroyed or partially damaged. The nearby
Spanish-built
2190:
2184:
1839:
1532:
740:
316:
off the northwestern coast of the island. The strongest ground shaking has been estimated at intensity IX on the
970:
410:
2089:
2077:
444:
There were damages reported further afield throughout Puerto Rico, for example the original bell towers of the
367:
2113:
1049:
National
Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination Form – Parque de Bombas de Ponce – (Ponce Firehouse)
438:
2305:
2243:
2231:
1892:
1679:
1528:
1174:
574:
434:
1670:
1198:
744:
2219:
2148:
1982:
1953:
1947:
1930:
1875:
1850:
1810:
1767:
1733:
1696:
1644:
1630:
1613:
1146:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Corregimiento Plaza Theater / Oliver Theater"
673:
548:. The U.S. appropriated funds for the repair of municipal buildings of the most affected municipalities.
461:
1227:
1077:"National Register of Historic Places Registration: Residencia Armstrong-Toro / Casa de las Caricitides"
469:
2225:
2119:
2107:
1799:
77:
1990:
1710:
762:
414:
2300:
2267:
1916:
1303:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Old Urban Cemetery / Cemeterio Municipal"
1277:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Casa de Piedra / Residence Amparo Roldan"
2166:
2131:
859:
402:
320:. The resulting tsunami affected primarily the west coast towns of the island (primarily Mayaguez).
2154:
1818:
1685:
317:
285:
1332:
1119:
581:
565:
529:
333:
2310:
2196:
2178:
2101:
2095:
2071:
2065:
1938:
1864:
1858:
1781:
1719:
648:
497:
107:
760:
1833:
1790:
1741:
1704:
1621:
1319:
1162:
1086:
920:
895:
663:
537:
457:
363:
348:
277:
141:
541:
375:
2273:
2255:
2237:
1901:
1775:
1753:
1661:
1652:
1566:
1551:
1306:
1302:
1280:
1276:
1149:
1145:
1098:
1080:
1076:
1014:
493:
94:
394:
1883:
1450:
1401:
545:
473:
449:
8:
1381:
533:
371:
1454:
1405:
1417:
626:
505:
293:
1466:
949:
607:
Aguadilla Punta Borinquen Lighthouse Ruins—an 1889 lighthouse destroyed by the tsunami
429:
for example was damaged, prompting the mayoral office to temporarily relocated to the
1495:
1421:
1010:
1487:
1458:
1425:
1409:
776:
430:
796:
1556:
426:
417:
was also badly affected, with reported damages to notable structures such as the
1362:
2020:
1557:
Earthquakes and Tsunamis in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands by USGS.gov
1361:
Hornbach, M.J.; Mondziel, S.A.; Grindlay, N.R.; Frohlich, C.; Mann, P. (2008),
640:
2289:
1499:
179:
166:
1538:
The Tectonic Setting and Geology of Puerto Rico and Its Surrounding Seafloor
1576:
1462:
1413:
313:
328:
761:
National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) (1972),
269:
207:
1547:
Map of Tsunami wave heights in Puerto Rico by USC Tsunami Research Group
873:
711:
382:
1491:
517:
355:
332:
Damage caused to the "La Habanera de Infanzón y Rodríguez" building in
292:
occurred off the northwestern coast of the island, somewhere along the
1054:
634:
862:, 2002, hosted at University of Puerto Rico, accessed 24 October 2013
797:"Tsunami Hazards—A National Threat A Real Risk for the United States"
780:
289:
817:
312:
The epicenter of the 1918 San Fermín earthquake was located in the
1324:
1041:
343:
1435:"On the earthquake hazards of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands"
1363:"Did a submarine landslide trigger the 1918 Puerto Rico tsunami?"
568:
after the first earthquake; further damage toppled the left tower
485:
300:
1360:
1099:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form"
1063:
National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form
1256:(in Spanish). Puerto Rico National Endowment for the Humanities
421:. Cities throughout the southern coast were also affected. The
713:
ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2012)
504:, surviving. Many of the historic tombs and mausolea of the
874:"Los pueblos de Puerto Rico y las iglesias de sus plazas"
347:
Simulation of the results of the tsunami on the coast of
1562:
1330:
1386:"The Porto Rico Earthquakes of October–November, 1918"
433:
until 1920. Other damaged buildings in Ponce were the
2008:
indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths
1481:
1075:
del Campo, Felix Julian; Santiago, Hector F. (1987).
971:"Rincones de Mayagüez - Pórtico del Edificio Degetau"
1300:
669:
List of disasters in the United States by death toll
616:
366:, the closest town to the earthquake epicenter, the
1520:Significant earthquake – Puerto Rico: Mona Passage
276:on October 11. The earthquake measured 7.1 on the
64:
1337:. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 12–16
1143:
1074:
2287:
2050:
1484:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
1439:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
1390:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
1274:
1542:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
994:
824:(in Spanish), Talleres Graficos Interamericanos
2013:indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year
2036:
1592:
860:Peter Aviles, "The Earthquake of the Century"
818:Subcomite de la Historia de Mayagüez (1960),
1606:
1226:. USC Tsunami Research Group. Archived from
844:A 92 años del Terremoto de San Fermín, 1918.
728:
726:
2043:
2029:
1599:
1585:
1250:"Los Cascos Urbanos Hablan: Aguadilla 2/3"
654:1867 Virgin Islands earthquake and tsunami
705:
703:
701:
699:
523:
1294:
1137:
871:
855:
853:
791:
789:
723:
342:
327:
1268:
865:
846:Mayaguez Sabe a Mango. 17 October 2010.
2288:
1432:
756:
754:
696:
508:were also badly damaged by the waves.
2024:
1580:
1516:– University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez
1068:
850:
786:
1380:
1120:"Iglesia Nuestra Señora del Rosario"
995:Álvarez Cervela, José María (1988).
872:Mari Mut, José A. (28 August 2013).
732:
684:List of earthquakes in the Caribbean
401:were also damaged or destroyed. The
273:
1552:Wave transformation in Coastal Wiki
1163:12 photos, historical and from 1984
1091:
751:
709:
13:
1563:International Seismological Centre
1475:
1275:Jose R. Bourdony (July 30, 1984).
1199:"Punta Borinquen Lighthouse Ruins"
1167:
718:International Seismological Centre
679:List of earthquakes in Puerto Rico
16:Earthquake that struck Puerto Rico
14:
2327:
1507:
1144:Felix J.del Campo (May 1, 1985).
484:As a result of the earthquake, a
1524:National Geophysical Data Center
1447:Seismological Society of America
1398:Seismological Society of America
1331:United States. Congress (1919).
1124:Municipio Autónomo de Vega Baja
769:National Geophysical Data Center
633:
619:
600:
588:
573:
558:
399:University of Puerto Rico campus
63:
50:
49:
36:
35:
28:
1778:(6.0, (Feb 18), 6.4 (April 24))
1533:United States Geological Survey
1242:
1216:
1191:
1112:
1032:
1021:from the original on 2009-04-30
1003:
988:
963:
938:
913:
764:Significant Earthquake Database
741:United States Geological Survey
659:2019–20 Puerto Rico earthquakes
222:
1011:"San Germán Historic District"
888:
835:
821:Historia de Mayagüez 1760–1960
811:
511:
266:Puerto Rico earthquake of 1918
1:
1514:"Puerto Rico Seismic Network"
1301:Jose Rafael Bourdony (1984).
1254:florida.pbslearningmedia.org/
999:. Editorial UPRM. p. 91.
689:
500:with only a few, such as the
307:
2052:Earthquakes in the Caribbean
948:(in Spanish). Archived from
736:PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog
7:
2084:1766 Southeastern Caribbean
1376:(2), Tsunami Society: 22–31
674:List of earthquakes in 1918
612:
462:Corregimiento Plaza Theater
423:United States Customs House
378:also was severely damaged.
299:The earthquake triggered a
10:
2332:
2316:Earthquakes in Puerto Rico
1529:M 7.1 - Puerto Rico region
1370:Science of Tsunami Hazards
1224:"1918 PUERTO RICO TSUNAMI"
1175:"Casa Alcaldía de Arecibo"
733:USGS (September 4, 2009),
551:
479:
262:1918 San Fermín earthquake
20:1918 San Fermín earthquake
2206:
2141:
2058:
2003:
1981:
1929:
1874:
1849:
1809:
1766:
1732:
1695:
1643:
1612:
946:"José de Diego(Rectoría)"
799:. USGS.gov. March 6, 2018
580:Destroyed brick homes in
323:
250:
242:
221:
213:
203:
195:
158:
154:15 km (9.3 mi)
150:
136:
128:
113:
100:
87:
76:
24:
1607:Earthquakes in the 1910s
1126:(in Spanish). 2014-04-04
884:– via archive.org.
492:(where it destroyed the
476:also sustained damages.
439:Armstrong-Poventud House
425:was destroyed while the
393:, municipal theater and
372:Punta Higuero lighthouse
318:Mercalli intensity scale
286:Mercalli intensity scale
2214:2003 Dominican Republic
2173:1946 Dominican Republic
1101:. National Park Service
649:1787 Boricua earthquake
502:Amparo Roldán residence
268:, struck the island of
1463:10.1785/BSSA0750010251
1414:10.1785/BSSA0090040095
1320:eight photos from 1984
664:Geology of Puerto Rico
524:United States response
403:Edificio José de Diego
351:
349:Aguadilla, Puerto Rico
336:
278:moment magnitude scale
2296:Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
1469:on September 23, 2015
1428:on September 23, 2015
1334:Congressional Edition
1307:National Park Service
1281:National Park Service
1150:National Park Service
1081:National Park Service
1015:National Park Service
975:Mayagüez sabe a mangó
739:, Version 2008_06.1,
566:Cathedral of Mayagüez
346:
331:
2191:1984 San Pedro Basin
2185:1974 Lesser Antilles
1179:Discover Puerto Rico
460:also collapsed. The
264:, also known as the
2306:1918 in Puerto Rico
2262:2019–20 Puerto Rico
2126:1867 Virgin Islands
2090:1770 Port-au-Prince
2078:1751 Port-au-Prince
1455:1985BuSSA..75..251M
1433:McCann, W. (1985),
1406:1919BuSSA...9...95R
1087:10 photos from 1987
925:Ediciones Digitales
900:Ediciones Digitales
274:10:14:42 local time
217:$ 4–29 million USD
176: /
83:1918-10-11 14:14:42
21:
1571:authoritative data
1492:10.1785/0120220146
977:(in Spanish). 2016
627:Puerto Rico portal
498:downtown Aguadilla
352:
337:
294:Puerto Rico Trench
19:
2283:
2282:
2244:2018 Swan Islands
2232:2009 Swan Islands
2018:
2017:
1748:Sulawesi–Mindanao
1230:on April 30, 2005
506:historic cemetery
435:Tricoche Hospital
258:
257:
2323:
2301:1918 earthquakes
2220:2004 Les Saintes
2114:1842 Cap-Haïtien
2045:
2038:
2031:
2022:
2021:
1972:Vancouver Island
1601:
1594:
1587:
1578:
1577:
1503:
1470:
1465:, archived from
1429:
1424:, archived from
1377:
1367:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1328:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1171:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1095:
1089:
1084:
1072:
1066:
1058:
1052:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1007:
1001:
1000:
992:
986:
985:
983:
982:
967:
961:
960:
958:
957:
942:
936:
935:
933:
931:
917:
911:
910:
908:
906:
892:
886:
885:
883:
881:
869:
863:
857:
848:
839:
833:
832:
831:
829:
815:
809:
808:
806:
804:
793:
784:
783:
781:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
758:
749:
748:
743:, archived from
730:
721:
720:
707:
643:
638:
637:
629:
624:
623:
622:
604:
592:
577:
562:
454:main town church
431:Parque de Bombas
419:main town church
288:. The mainshock
275:
238:
236:
224:
191:
190:
188:
187:
186:
181:
177:
174:
173:
172:
169:
124:
122:
117:October 11, 1918
67:
66:
53:
52:
39:
38:
32:
22:
18:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2226:2007 Martinique
2202:
2161:1918 San Fermín
2137:
2120:1843 Guadeloupe
2108:1839 Martinique
2054:
2049:
2019:
2014:
2009:
1999:
1977:
1950:(6.7, April 21)
1925:
1870:
1845:
1840:Pleasant Valley
1828:Imperial Valley
1805:
1762:
1728:
1691:
1639:
1608:
1605:
1573:for this event.
1510:
1478:
1476:Further reading
1473:
1365:
1351:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1329:
1325:
1311:
1309:
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1205:
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1172:
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1117:
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731:
724:
716:, Version 3.0,
708:
697:
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625:
620:
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615:
608:
605:
596:
593:
584:
578:
569:
563:
554:
526:
514:
490:Punta Borinquen
482:
427:Ponce city hall
411:historic center
326:
310:
230:
228:
184:
182:
178:
175:
170:
167:
165:
163:
162:
145:
129:Local time
120:
118:
114:Local date
72:
71:
70:
69:
68:
60:
59:
58:
54:
46:
45:
44:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2329:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2311:1910s tsunamis
2308:
2303:
2298:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2271:
2268:2020 Caribbean
2265:
2259:
2253:
2250:2018 Venezuela
2247:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2149:1900 Venezuela
2145:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2048:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2025:
2016:
2015:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1993:(7.0, Nov 18)
1987:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1969:
1965:(7.5, Oct 11)
1960:
1956:(8.3, Aug 15)
1951:
1945:
1941:(7.2, Feb 13)
1935:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1919:(5.6, Dec 25)
1914:
1910:(6.8, Aug 28)
1905:
1899:
1890:
1886:(6.6, Jan 20)
1880:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1862:
1855:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1837:
1836:(5.8, Sept 23)
1831:
1830:(6.3, June 23)
1825:
1821:(6.7, Jan 13)
1815:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1797:
1788:
1779:
1772:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1756:(6.7, Dec 21)
1751:
1745:
1738:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1722:(6.9, Nov 19)
1717:
1708:
1701:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1683:
1682:(8.1, June 15)
1677:
1673:(7.6, June 7)
1668:
1664:(7.4, Feb 18)
1659:
1649:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
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2179:1967 Caracas
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2142:20th century
2102:1812 Caracas
2096:1787 Boricua
2072:1692 Jamaica
2066:1641 Caracas
2010:
2005:
1994:
1974:(7.2, Dec 6)
1966:
1962:
1957:
1942:
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1911:
1896:
1893:San Salvador
1887:
1842:(6.8, Oct 2)
1822:
1802:(6.6, Oct 7)
1794:
1793:(7.0, Oct 4)
1785:
1757:
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1680:Kikai Island
1674:
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1567:bibliography
1483:
1467:the original
1442:
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1426:the original
1393:
1389:
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1369:
1353:
1352:
1339:. Retrieved
1333:
1326:
1312:December 24,
1310:. Retrieved
1296:
1286:December 28,
1284:. Retrieved
1270:
1258:. Retrieved
1253:
1244:
1232:. Retrieved
1228:the original
1218:
1206:. Retrieved
1202:
1193:
1182:. Retrieved
1178:
1169:
1153:. Retrieved
1139:
1128:. Retrieved
1123:
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1103:. Retrieved
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1048:
1043:
1034:
1023:. Retrieved
1005:
996:
990:
979:. Retrieved
974:
965:
954:. Retrieved
950:the original
940:
928:. Retrieved
924:
915:
903:. Retrieved
899:
890:
878:. Retrieved
876:(in Spanish)
867:
843:
837:
828:September 7,
826:, retrieved
820:
813:
801:. Retrieved
763:
745:the original
735:
712:
710:ISC (2016),
527:
515:
483:
443:
408:
380:
361:
353:
338:
314:Mona Passage
311:
298:
281:
265:
261:
259:
232:
214:Total damage
185:18.8; -67.22
2167:1929 Cumaná
2132:1875 Cúcuta
1954:Celebes Sea
1948:San Jacinto
1449:: 251–262,
1155:January 24,
518:aftershocks
512:Aftershocks
391:post office
270:Puerto Rico
208:Puerto Rico
183: /
91: event
2290:Categories
2274:2021 Haiti
2256:2018 Haiti
2238:2010 Haiti
2059:Historical
1963:San Fermín
1631:Costa Rica
1400:: 95–127,
1260:9 February
1234:August 19,
1184:2022-07-15
1130:2023-01-09
1105:2011-10-17
1025:2009-05-20
981:2021-04-05
956:2009-07-23
921:"Rincón 2"
896:"Rincón 1"
803:August 19,
690:References
494:lighthouse
415:San Germán
356:casualties
308:Earthquake
251:Casualties
132:10:14:42
121:1918-10-11
80: time
2086:(6.5–7.5)
1917:Guatemala
1800:East Cape
1671:Michoacán
1500:0037-1106
1422:129077177
538:Aguadilla
470:city hall
466:cathedral
458:Vega Baja
446:cathedral
395:city hall
364:Aguadilla
290:epicenter
284:) on the
225:intensity
159:Epicenter
137:Magnitude
1819:Avezzano
1686:Guerrero
1384:(1919),
1382:Reid, H.
1341:July 31,
1019:Archived
930:June 28,
905:June 28,
613:See also
582:Mayagüez
530:Mayagüez
516:Several
468:and the
452:and the
437:and the
383:Mayagüez
334:Mayagüez
280:and IX (
231:MMI IX (
57:San Juan
43:Mayagüez
1991:Ayvalık
1939:Shantou
1782:Senboku
1720:Acambay
1711:Mürefte
1569:and/or
1451:Bibcode
1402:Bibcode
1354:Sources
1208:15 June
880:19 June
552:Gallery
546:Isabela
486:tsunami
480:Tsunami
474:Arecibo
450:Humacao
301:tsunami
282:Violent
254:76–118
243:Tsunami
233:Violent
199:Unknown
171:67°13′W
168:18°48′N
119: (
1908:Nantou
1865:Rimini
1859:Rimini
1834:Asmara
1791:Burdur
1742:Asmara
1705:Maymyo
1622:Taiwan
1565:has a
1498:
1420:
542:Añasco
534:Aguada
464:, the
387:church
376:Rincón
324:Damage
108:ComCat
95:913306
2276:(7.2)
2270:(7.7)
2264:(6.4)
2258:(5.9)
2252:(7.3)
2246:(7.5)
2240:(7.0)
2234:(7.3)
2228:(7.4)
2222:(6.3)
2216:(6.4)
2199:(6.9)
2193:(6.7)
2187:(6.9)
2181:(6.7)
2175:(8.1)
2169:(6.9)
2163:(7.1)
2157:(6.5)
2151:(7.7)
2134:(7.5)
2128:(7.5)
2122:(8.5)
2116:(8.1)
2110:(8.0)
2104:(7.5)
2098:(8.0)
2092:(7.5)
2080:(8.0)
2074:(7.5)
2068:(6.5)
1902:Samoa
1754:Eshan
1662:Sarez
1653:Kebin
1445:(1),
1418:S2CID
1396:(4),
1366:(PDF)
1318:with
1161:with
1085:with
151:Depth
101:USGS-
1983:1919
1931:1918
1884:Bali
1876:1917
1851:1916
1811:1915
1776:Reno
1768:1914
1734:1913
1697:1912
1645:1911
1614:1910
1561:The
1496:ISSN
1343:2019
1314:2016
1288:2016
1262:2021
1236:2018
1210:2019
1157:2017
932:2019
907:2019
882:2020
830:2010
805:2018
773:NOAA
544:and
409:The
260:The
223:Max.
196:Type
140:7.1
103:ANSS
1488:doi
1459:doi
1410:doi
777:doi
472:in
456:of
448:of
441:.
413:of
381:In
374:of
362:In
272:at
246:Yes
89:ISC
78:UTC
2292::
1995:†‡
1943:†‡
1888:†‡
1823:†‡
1795:†‡
1758:†‡
1715:†‡
1657:†‡
1635:†‡
1540:–
1531:–
1522:–
1494:.
1486:.
1457:,
1443:75
1441:,
1437:,
1416:,
1408:,
1392:,
1388:,
1374:27
1372:,
1368:,
1305:.
1279:.
1252:.
1201:.
1177:.
1148:.
1122:.
1079:.
1017:.
1013:.
973:.
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898:.
852:^
788:^
775:,
771:,
767:,
753:^
725:^
698:^
540:,
536:,
532:,
389:,
296:.
2044:e
2037:t
2030:v
2011:‡
2006:†
1967:†
1958:†
1921:†
1912:†
1897:†
1786:†
1724:†
1675:†
1666:†
1626:†
1600:e
1593:t
1586:v
1502:.
1490::
1461::
1453::
1412::
1404::
1394:9
1345:.
1316:.
1290:.
1264:.
1238:.
1212:.
1187:.
1159:.
1133:.
1108:.
1083:.
1028:.
984:.
959:.
934:.
909:.
807:.
779::
235:)
144:w
142:M
123:)
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