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545:, at least 300 people were left homeless, many of whom temporarily lived in the courthouse after losing their homes. A total of 42 people were killed in the city. Several other wharves along the coast were swept away due to the waves and wind. Across western Jamaica, roughly a hundred homes were destroyed, while 5,000 buildings were damaged or demolished. Due to the destruction caused by the tropical cyclone,
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513:. During the period extending from November 10–12, as much as 36 in (910 mm) of precipitation was recorded, causing extensive flooding and damaging roads. In eastern and northern areas of Jamaica, bridges were heavily damaged. Strong winds associated with these rainbands blew down a multitude of
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sustained heavy losses due to the damage to banana trees, including several banana plantations reporting losses as high as 60% individually. These losses exacerbated bananas losses sustained during the passage of another hurricane in August 1912. Conditions on the island worsened as the
469:— the lowest barometric pressure documented anywhere during the storm's existence. Despite only briefly moving inland, the hurricane quickly weakened after landfall and continued to do so upon reentry into the Caribbean Sea. On November 20, the hurricane weakened to a tropical storm south of
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Heavy rainfall was reported in
Jamaica, with as much as 36 inches (910 mm) of precipitation recorded in some areas. Several bridges were severely damaged in the northern and eastern portions of the island. Strong winds generated by the storm destroyed approximately 25% of banana trees, while
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early on
November 11. Initially, the storm tracked slowly to northwest, before eventually curving north-northeastward. Late on November 13, the cyclone became a hurricane. After reaching hurricane status, further deepening was slow, though after recurving toward northeastward, the storm
235:, on November 18. The storm weakened continually after landfall and reentry into the Caribbean Sea. On November 20, the hurricane weakened to a tropical storm north of Jamaica. The system tracked westward across the Caribbean, before dissipating on November 22 to the southwest of
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assessed damage in the western portion of the island. The government of
Jamaica ordered the dispatch of artillerymen in order to bring 300 tents and other relief supplies to impacted regions. Additionally, money was raised to aid those who became homeless.
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suffering near complete destruction and 42 deaths in that city alone. Across western
Jamaica, roughly a hundred homes were destroyed, while 5,000 buildings were damaged or demolished. About 100 fatalities and $ 1.5 million
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several days prior was believed to be a possible precursor to the hurricane, this could not be fully concluded due to the lack of observations in the eastern
Caribbean Sea. Early on November 11, the development of a closed
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Slow intensification took place after classification as a hurricane, though after recurving northeastward, the storm began to quicken in strengthening. On
November 18, the cyclone reached its peak intensity with
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also seemed possible. However, reanalysis concluded that the system instead tracked westward across the
Caribbean, slowly weakening before dissipating on November 22 north of
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began to quicken its rate of intensification. Early on
November 17, the system peaked as a 115 mph (185 km/h) Category 3 hurricane on the modern day
473:. Due to ambiguous surface observations in the area at the time, the storm was originally believed to have progressed northwards through the Atlantic before clipping
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telegraph lines were downed in a number of places. Railway lines were also heavily damaged by the winds and rain. Rough seas also lashed the island, with
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was nearly destroyed by the hurricane's effects, which included damage to several local churches. The storm also virtually destroyed the communities of
421:. The tropical cyclone remained weak as it moved slowly northward, but gradually intensified into a Category 1 hurricane on the modern day
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hurricane neared the coast, with railway lines heavily damaged by the winds and rain. Telegraph lines were downed, cutting communications.
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to be too strong of an intensity. A relatively small tropical cyclone, the hurricane made
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906:. Vol. 101, no. 126. San Francisco, California. November 17, 1912. p. 1
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Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
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1216:. Vol. 87, no. 44. Scranton, Pennsylvania. November 19, 1912. p. 1
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The origins of the 1912 Jamaica hurricane can be definitively traced to a
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1091:. Vol. 9, no. 2158. Fairbanks, Alaska. November 19, 1912. p. 1
1017:. Vol. 21, no. 51. Kane, Pennsylvania. November 12, 1912. p. 1
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943:. Vol. 78, no. 56. Dunkirk, New York. November 15, 1912. p. 3
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While the hurricane was developing in the southern Caribbean Sea, its outer
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1054:. Vol. 32, no. 325. Parsons, Kansas. November 18, 1912. p. 1
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1135:. Oshkosh, Wisconsin. Associated Press. November 20, 1912. p. 1
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824:(11). American Meteorological Society: 1756–1757. November 1912.
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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869:. No. 13310. Washington, D.C. November 16, 1912. p. 1
685:"Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT"
647:
Encyclopedia of Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones, New Edition
538:
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in November 1912. The strongest hurricane in the Atlantic
477:; another scenario indicating that the storm made landfall in
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caused extremely heavy rainfall in the Jamaican parishes of
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10.1175/1520-0493(1912)40<1756b:TSONIJ>2.0.CO;2
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296:
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
291:
Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
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364:, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression
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Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
311:
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
227:. It continued north-northeastward and made landfall near
306:
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
1179:. Vol. 26, no. 10. December 5, 1912. p. 1
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10.1175/1520-0493(1912)40<1747:WFAW>2.0.CO;2
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Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
417:
in the region confirmed the presence of a cohesive and
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36:
of the hurricane skirting Jamaica on November 18
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first identified on November 10 in the central
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Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
980:. Leavenworth, Kansas. November 19, 1912. p. 1
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771:(11). American Meteorological Society: 1747–1778.
716:"Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)"
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811:"The Storms Of November In Jamaica, West Indies"
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683:Christopher Landsea; et al. (April 2014).
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1085:"Jamaica Swept By Storm; Many Boats Wrecked"
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517:, with overall losses estimated at 25%. The
1249:History of Hurricanes and Floods in Jamaica
650:. New York: Facts on File. pp. 55–56.
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900:"Unprecedented Rains Hurt Jamaican Fruits"
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401:about 110 mi (180 km) north of
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586:List of Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes
556:In Cuba, the storm primarily effected
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16:Category 3 Atlantic hurricane in 1912
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423:Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale
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202:that meandered about the island of
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758:"Weather, Forecasts and Warnings"
550:Sydney Olivier, 1st Baron Olivier
2563:1910s Atlantic hurricane seasons
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1171:"Jamaica Hard Hit By Hurricane"
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596:1909 Greater Antilles hurricane
397:led to the classification of a
2553:Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes
1285:Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes
937:"Hurricane Off Jamaican Coast"
186:1912 Atlantic hurricane season
1:
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105:115 mph (185 km/h)
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687:. National Hurricane Center
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147:$ 1.5 million (1912
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2527:Tropical cyclones portal
1491:"Bahamas–North Carolina"
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34:Surface weather analysis
1129:"Entire Town Wiped Out"
904:San Francisco Chronicle
447:maximum sustained winds
395:atmospheric circulation
2558:1912 natural disasters
1133:The Daily Northwestern
1011:"High Cost Of Bananas"
861:"Banana Trees Injured"
818:Monthly Weather Review
765:Monthly Weather Review
611:1944 Jamaica hurricane
606:1935 Jérémie hurricane
591:1903 Jamaica hurricane
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264:Meteorological history
196:1912 Jamaica hurricane
71:November 22, 1912
67:November 22, 1912
56:November 11, 1912
52:November 11, 1912
43:Meteorological history
22:1912 Jamaica hurricane
2548:Hurricanes in Jamaica
1344:"Southeastern States"
1089:Fairbanks Daily Times
1052:The Parsons Daily Sun
978:The Leavenworth Times
413:that day. Decreasing
362:Extratropical cyclone
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1438:"Cuba–South Florida"
1214:The Tribune-Republic
941:The Evening Observer
601:1916 Texas hurricane
519:United Fruit Company
489:Impact and aftermath
415:barometric pressures
283:Saffir–Simpson scale
218:in the southwestern
110:Lowest pressure
1604:"Florida Panhandle"
1338:"Middle Gulf Shore"
1210:"Jamaica Hurricane"
1015:the Kane Republican
866:The Washington Post
830:1912MWRv...40R1756.
777:1912MWRv...40.1747F
352:Subtropical cyclone
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558:Guantánamo Bay
527:Savanna-la-Mar
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409:at 06:00
403:Cacique, ColĂłn
399:tropical storm
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258:Guantánamo Bay
245:Savanna-la-Mar
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2018:
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1806:
1805:"Nova Scotia"
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1793:"Nova Scotia"
1791:
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1658:
1657:"Mississippi"
1655:
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1580:"Sea Islands"
1578:
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1418:
1415:
1414:"Nova Scotia"
1412:
1409:
1408:"Santa Juana"
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
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1385:
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1374:
1373:"New England"
1371:
1368:
1367:"San Narciso"
1365:
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1314:"San Agapito"
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1183:September 10,
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739:public domain
726:September 22,
721:
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437:; 29.30
436:
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396:
391:
387:
386:tropical wave
384:. Although a
383:
379:
378:Caribbean Sea
375:
363:
353:
343:
333:
285:
284:
270:
261:
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217:
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66:
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40:
35:
30:
25:
19:
1946:1950–present
1728:"Charleston"
1722:"Gulf Coast"
1709:
1687:"Grand Isle"
1616:"Cedar Keys"
1562:"Martinique"
1432:"San Felipe"
1396:"San Marcos"
1224:– via
1218:. Retrieved
1213:
1204:
1187:– via
1181:. Retrieved
1176:New York Age
1174:
1143:– via
1137:. Retrieved
1132:
1099:– via
1093:. Retrieved
1088:
1079:
1062:– via
1056:. Retrieved
1051:
1042:
1025:– via
1019:. Retrieved
1014:
1005:
988:– via
982:. Retrieved
977:
968:
951:– via
945:. Retrieved
940:
931:
914:– via
908:. Retrieved
903:
894:
877:– via
871:. Retrieved
864:
855:
843:. Retrieved
821:
817:
790:. Retrieved
768:
764:
724:. Retrieved
689:. Retrieved
661:. Retrieved
646:
555:
531:Green Island
524:
515:banana trees
507:Saint Andrew
499:Saint Thomas
492:
475:Newfoundland
443:
371:
331:
281:
241:
237:Grand Cayman
195:
193:
184:
183:Part of the
86:
18:
1881:"Matagorda"
1799:"Louisiana"
1752:"Louisiana"
1681:"Monterrey"
1610:"San RamĂłn"
1568:"San Roque"
1533:"Louisiana"
1479:"Pensacola"
1462:"Louisiana"
1426:"Indianola"
543:Montego Bay
380:, south of
248:(1912
2542:Categories
1693:"Key West"
1574:"New York"
1220:August 12,
1139:August 12,
1095:August 12,
1058:August 12,
1021:August 12,
984:August 12,
947:August 12,
910:August 12,
873:August 12,
845:August 12,
792:August 12,
691:August 12,
629:References
511:Saint Mary
455:determined
382:Hispaniola
332:Storm type
136:Fatalities
64:Dissipated
2088:Francelia
1875:"Florida"
1710:"Jamaica"
1675:"Velasco"
1645:"Jamaica"
1539:"San Gil"
1332:"Coastal"
1297:1851–1949
495:rainbands
427:Nicaragua
212:that year
2517:Category
2455:Humberto
2135:Caroline
1993:Florence
1834:Thirteen
564:See also
503:Portland
483:Honduras
479:New York
459:landfall
425:east of
326:Unknown
208:flooding
2472:Epsilon
2449:Ophelia
2419:Edouard
2407:Michael
2318:Isidore
2300:Alberto
2265:Isidore
2247:Roxanne
2241:Marilyn
2170:Frances
2153:Frances
1981:Charlie
1899:"Texas"
1869:"Texas"
826:Bibcode
773:Bibcode
663:June 3,
463:Jamaica
276:Map key
256:in the
233:Jamaica
204:Jamaica
171:IBTrACS
164:Jamaica
69: (
54: (
2492:(2021)
2486:(2021)
2480:(2020)
2474:(2020)
2457:(2019)
2451:(2017)
2445:(2017)
2439:(2016)
2433:(2016)
2431:Gaston
2427:(2015)
2421:(2014)
2415:(2012)
2409:(2012)
2403:(2011)
2397:(2011)
2391:(2010)
2374:(2009)
2368:(2008)
2366:Bertha
2362:(2006)
2360:Helene
2356:(2006)
2354:Gordon
2350:(2005)
2344:(2005)
2338:(2004)
2336:Jeanne
2332:(2004)
2326:(2003)
2320:(2002)
2314:(2001)
2308:(2001)
2302:(2000)
2285:(1998)
2283:Bonnie
2279:(1997)
2273:(1996)
2267:(1996)
2261:(1996)
2255:(1996)
2253:Bertha
2249:(1995)
2243:(1995)
2237:(1993)
2231:(1991)
2225:(1990)
2223:Gustav
2208:(1987)
2202:(1985)
2196:(1985)
2190:(1983)
2188:Alicia
2184:(1981)
2178:(1981)
2172:(1980)
2155:(1976)
2149:(1976)
2143:(1975)
2141:Eloise
2137:(1975)
2131:(1974)
2125:(1973)
2119:(1970)
2102:(1969)
2096:(1969)
2090:(1969)
2084:(1969)
2082:Debbie
2078:(1966)
2072:(1966)
2066:(1964)
2064:Isbell
2060:(1963)
2058:Beulah
2054:(1963)
2052:Arlene
2048:(1960)
2031:(1959)
2029:Hannah
2025:(1957)
2023:Audrey
2019:(1956)
2013:(1955)
2007:(1954)
2001:(1954)
1995:(1953)
1989:(1953)
1983:(1952)
1977:(1950)
1971:(1950)
1965:(1950)
1925:(1949)
1919:(1948)
1913:(1948)
1907:(1947)
1901:(1945)
1895:(1944)
1889:(1943)
1883:(1942)
1877:(1941)
1871:(1941)
1854:(1938)
1848:(1937)
1842:(1936)
1836:(1934)
1830:(1933)
1824:(1930)
1807:(1927)
1801:(1926)
1795:(1926)
1789:(1924)
1783:(1923)
1777:(1922)
1771:(1921)
1754:(1918)
1748:(1917)
1742:(1916)
1736:(1916)
1734:Eleven
1730:(1916)
1724:(1916)
1718:(1915)
1712:(1912)
1695:(1909)
1689:(1909)
1683:(1909)
1677:(1909)
1671:(1908)
1665:(1906)
1659:(1906)
1653:(1905)
1647:(1903)
1641:(1900)
1624:(1896)
1618:(1896)
1612:(1896)
1606:(1894)
1600:(1894)
1594:(1894)
1588:(1893)
1582:(1893)
1576:(1893)
1570:(1893)
1564:(1891)
1558:(1890)
1541:(1888)
1535:(1888)
1529:(1887)
1523:(1887)
1517:(1886)
1511:(1886)
1505:(1886)
1503:"Cuba"
1499:(1884)
1493:(1883)
1487:(1883)
1481:(1882)
1464:(1879)
1458:(1879)
1452:(1878)
1446:(1877)
1440:(1876)
1434:(1876)
1428:(1875)
1422:(1873)
1416:(1873)
1410:(1871)
1404:(1871)
1398:(1870)
1392:(1870)
1375:(1869)
1369:(1867)
1352:(1859)
1346:(1856)
1340:(1855)
1334:(1854)
1328:(1853)
1322:(1852)
1316:(1851)
654:
624:(2012)
618:(2008)
539:Negril
537:, and
509:, and
407:Panama
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
260:area.
229:Negril
144:Damage
49:Formed
2490:Larry
2484:Grace
2465:2020s
2425:Danny
2413:Sandy
2395:Irene
2382:2010s
2342:Maria
2312:Felix
2293:2000s
2277:Erika
2235:Emily
2216:1990s
2206:Emily
2194:Elena
2182:Irene
2176:Floyd
2163:1980s
2147:Belle
2129:Becky
2123:Ellen
2110:1970s
2094:Gerda
2076:Faith
2046:Ethel
2039:1960s
2017:Betsy
2011:Hilda
1999:Carol
1956:1950s
1862:1940s
1815:1930s
1787:Three
1769:Three
1762:1920s
1746:Three
1716:Three
1703:1910s
1632:1900s
1592:Three
1556:Three
1549:1890s
1527:Seven
1509:Seven
1472:1880s
1402:Three
1383:1870s
1360:1860s
1307:1850s
814:(PDF)
761:(PDF)
535:Lucea
405:, in
91:SSHWS
2478:Zeta
2437:Otto
2401:Rina
2389:Karl
2372:Fred
2348:Beta
2330:Alex
2324:Kate
2306:Erin
2271:Lili
2259:Fran
2200:Kate
2117:Ella
2100:Inga
2070:Alma
2005:Edna
1987:Edna
1969:Easy
1963:Able
1923:Four
1911:Able
1905:Love
1893:Four
1887:Four
1852:Four
1781:Five
1651:Four
1622:Five
1444:Four
1390:Four
1326:Four
1222:2014
1185:2016
1141:2014
1097:2014
1060:2014
1023:2014
986:2014
949:2014
912:2014
875:2014
847:2014
794:2014
728:2024
693:2014
665:2016
652:ISBN
471:Cuba
439:inHg
431:mbar
254:Cuba
194:The
160:Cuba
124:inHg
116:mbar
114:965
2443:Lee
2229:Bob
1975:Jig
1917:Fox
1846:Six
1822:One
1775:Two
1669:Six
1639:Two
1521:Six
1497:Two
1485:Two
1450:Ten
1350:Six
834:doi
781:doi
441:).
435:hPa
411:UTC
250:USD
149:USD
139:105
120:hPa
95:NWS
2544::
1212:.
1173:.
1160:^
1131:.
1116:^
1087:.
1050:.
1013:.
976:.
939:.
902:.
863:.
832:.
822:40
820:.
816:.
802:^
779:.
769:40
767:.
763:.
746:^
701:^
673:^
636:^
533:,
505:,
501:,
485:.
239:.
231:,
162:,
1277:e
1270:t
1263:v
1228:.
1191:.
1147:.
1103:.
1066:.
1029:.
992:.
955:.
918:.
881:.
849:.
836::
828::
796:.
783::
775::
741:.
730:.
695:.
667:.
433:(
151:)
118:(
97:)
93:/
89:(
73:)
58:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
