513:
407:
40:
219:
676:
1249:
101:
346:
312:, the Conservative Minister of Domains, a landlord could drive out a peasant refusing to pay his rent, but noted that for driving out a cooperative of 500 peasants, a regiment would be needed and the government may refuse to put it at the landlord's disposal. As such, by the end of 1907, there were only 103 village cooperatives having a membership of 11,118 leasing 37,344 hectares (92,280 acres), most of it leased from the state.
584:, the minister plenipotentiary of Austria-Hungary in Bucharest at the time, and also General Averescu estimated the number of dead between 1,000–2,000. According to figures given by Austrian diplomats, between 3,000-5,000 peasants were killed, while the French Embassy mentioned a death toll ranging between 10,000–20,000. Historians put the figures between 3,000–18,000, the most common being 11,000 victims.
619:, two sergeants and seven soldiers. Four others were injured: an officer, Capt. Grigore Mareș, also wounded in Stănești, two sergeants and a soldier. Seventy-five soldiers of the Fifth Dorobanți Regiment ("Vlașca") appeared before military courts and charged with revolt; 61 were sentenced to hard labor for life and 14 to five years in prison.
289:
from an average family property of 3.42 hectares (8.5 acres) in 1896 down to 3.27 ha (8.1 acres) in 1905 and 3.06 ha (7.6 acres) in 1907. The state was also a big landholder; however, its policies for selling the land often did not favor poorer peasants, who were in the greatest need for land.
288:
gave the peasants full ownership rights for part of the land for which they previously had only the right to use. However, the peasants remained even after these reforms dependent on the local landlords. Additionally, the peasant population was rising fast, leading to rapidly shrinking properties:
665:
The government also began enacting a series of reforms in order to provide some relief to the peasantry, but without expropriating the landlords. The
December 23, 1907 law on agricultural contracts limited the degree to which the peasants could be exploited by the landlords and lessors: it set
292:
Needing to supplement their shrinking properties, the peasants were forced to use land owned by the landlords, who owned large estates. As population grew, the peasants became more and more desperate for land, leading to rapidly rising rents. At that time, peasants formed up to 80% of the
532:
Historian Markus Bauer mentions a greatly underestimated official figure of 419 deaths, while an unofficial figure, circulated by the press and widely accepted, of about 10,000 peasants killed, has never been proven to be true. The same figure of 419 deaths was mentioned by
651:, protested against the violent intervention of the forces of repression. Others emphasized that the government had a special responsibility for the fate of the peasantry and the country in general, and therefore an urgent solution to the "peasant question" was required.
331:
intermediaries, given that many of the lessors were of Jewish background, especially in
Northern Moldavia. The revolt quickly spread southward, losing some of its anti-Semitic character and becoming basically a protest against the existing system of land tenure.
315:
By 1900, most large landowners preferred to live in the cities and did not want to bother with the administration of their properties. Therefore, the peasants no longer leased directly from the landowner, but sub-leased it from an intermediary lessor
1528:
528:
The exact number of peasant deaths is unknown, and even the course of events are not clear, because the government, to hide the size of the massacre, ordered the destruction of all documents relating to the uprising.
1237:
602:
to analyze 32 files that referred to this event. Based on these documents, Dabija drew up a 117-page report which he submitted to the
Ministry of War, from which it emerged that 1,786 peasants had been shot.
308:'s policy to encourage peasant cooperatives was not successful, as many landlords feared the organization of the peasants, preferring to lease to individual peasants rather than to cooperatives. According to
895:
672:, a bank which was supposed to help peasants to buy lots of 5 hectares (12 acres) from landlords. A law passed on April 12, 1908 banned anyone leasing more than 4,000 ha (9,900 acres) at one time.
445:
instigators, led the peasants to revolt. The revolt soon spread across most of
Moldavia, with several landowners' properties destroyed and many lessors killed or wounded. The Conservative government (
1578:
1230:
434:, due to Fischer's refusal to renew the leases of the local peasants. Fischer used to lease about 75% of the arable land in three Romanian counties in Moldavia (the so-called "Fischerland").
654:
The
Liberal government began a campaign to repress any kind of political organization of the peasants. Many teachers, priests and other countryside intellectuals were arrested, as were pro-
1036:
1215:
574:
1317:
999:
Delia Bălăican, Generalul G. A. Dabija - Un reprezentant de seamă al generației sale, Analele științifice ale
Universității "Alexandru Ioan Cuza", Istorie, Tom LXI, 2015, pp. 407-408.
1223:
1383:
1571:
1533:
1511:
659:
1564:
1338:
905:
1287:
1245:
437:
The peasants, fearing that they would remain without work and, more importantly, without food, began to act violently. Scared, Fischer fled to a friend in
423:
151:
545:
indicated 421 deaths between 28 March and 5 April 1907. Likewise, about 112 were injured and 1,751 detained. Newspapers patronized by
Constantin Mille,
367:
261:. The main cause was the discontent of the peasants over the inequity of land ownership, which was mostly in the hands of just a few large landowners.
17:
1501:
588:
668:
1388:
1044:
431:
159:
427:
155:
1704:
324:). The fall of the price of grain on the world markets meant that the lessors would demand ever greater rents in order to make ends meet.
1177:
265:
512:
1618:
920:
1292:
447:
406:
691:
The events continued to resonate in the
Romanian conscience, and were the subject of one of the novels of the interwar period,
481:
473:
460:
305:
269:
797:
297:
population and about 60% of them owned small plots, or no land at all, while the large landowners owned more than half of the
1343:
1398:
441:, leaving the peasants without signed contracts. The fear of remaining out of work, combined with the activities of alleged
1689:
1403:
938:
Chirot, Daniel; Ragin, Charles (August 1975). "The Market, Tradition and
Peasant Rebellion: The Case of Romania in 1907".
188:
1506:
1418:
1393:
1540:
579:
1623:
1545:
1333:
1159:
1136:
984:
393:
375:
1694:
666:
maximum prices for land leases, it set minimum wages for peasants working on landlords' estates and it established
39:
1523:
1491:
1679:
825:
371:
328:
1729:
1709:
1307:
1363:
1302:
1282:
940:
644:
455:
285:
176:
134:
1297:
1207:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1669:
1633:
1603:
1428:
1353:
452:
218:
1378:
599:
1684:
1470:
1103:
Eidelberg, Philip (1970). "The agrarian policy of the
Rumanian National Liberal Party, 1900-1916".
356:
1556:
1699:
1674:
1587:
1453:
1128:
499:
began firing on the peasants; thousands of peasants perished and more than 10,000 were arrested.
360:
1312:
611:
Only ten members of the Army were killed in the revolt: an officer, Lt. I. Nițulescu, killed in
1516:
1496:
1463:
1443:
1185:
843:
Leasure, J. William (6 January 1992). "The historical decline of fertility in Eastern Europe".
632:
612:
1458:
1438:
1373:
534:
469:
146:
1368:
492:
418:
The revolt began on the lands administered by one lessor, Mochi Fischer, in the village of
273:
253:
and, after three weeks in which it was localized in that area, it quickly spread, reaching
900:
8:
1486:
1413:
802:
538:
1408:
1608:
1598:
1448:
1203:
957:
876:
860:
704:
679:
655:
636:
593:
567:
488:
477:
184:
180:
142:
130:
105:
69:
1155:
1132:
980:
868:
249:) took place in Romania between 21 February and 5 April 1907. It started in northern
242:
1638:
1628:
1151:
1112:
949:
880:
852:
640:
542:
517:
465:
172:
138:
1648:
1358:
1348:
1181:
564:
442:
1009:
225:
1643:
1261:
1120:
696:
616:
556:
237:
45:
1105:
Rumanian Studies: An International Annual of the Humanities and Social Studies
1663:
628:
496:
419:
309:
163:
703:, was produced in 1965. The revolt also formed the subject of a painting by
872:
648:
979:. Studies of the Institute on East Central Europe at Columbia University.
81:
298:
1148:
The Great Rumanian Peasant Revolt of 1907: Origins of a Modern Jacquerie
977:
The Great Rumanian Peasant Revolt of 1907: Origins of a Modern Jacquerie
864:
782:
The Market, Tradition and Peasant Rebellion: The Case of Romania in 1907
700:
547:
410:
A cavalry patrol watching the burning of farmhouses by the rioters near
1613:
961:
856:
784:. American Sociological Association, 1975, Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 428-444.
675:
662:
and Alexandru Vălescu, who were regarded as instigators of the revolt.
438:
205:
419 (officially) to 11,000 (Chirot et Ragin) and 1,786 (Dabija) killed
560:
555:, gave a figure of 12,000–13,000 victims. In a conversation with the
321:
294:
254:
953:
521:
345:
1586:
1433:
1423:
1037:"Armata și răscoala din 1907. Care este cifra reală a celor uciși?"
707:, and of a monumental statue which can still be seen in Bucharest.
250:
411:
1265:
1257:
1248:
258:
100:
845:
European Journal of Population / Revue Européenne de Démographie
458:, couldn't handle the situation and resigned, and the Liberals (
587:
Another assessment of the number of victims was made by Major
1529:
2019 disputes regarding the military cemetery in Valea Uzului
272:
government crushed the revolt violently with the help of the
1253:
202:
Unknown numbers of landowners and lessors killed or wounded
896:"1907-2007: Revolta fără conducători din Regatul României"
1178:"1907: Răscoală sau complot? ("1907: Rebellion or Plot")"
495:, with 140,000 soldiers being recruited by 29 March. The
1512:
2013 Romanian protests against the Roșia Montană Project
921:"Răscoale românești: Răscoala de la Flămânzi - 1907"
44:A cavalry patrol sabring rioters in the streets of
826:"Cauzele și originea răscoalei țărănești din 1907"
1661:
276:, killing thousands of peasants in the process.
1588:European Peasant Wars (19th and 20th centuries)
798:"Răscoala de la 1907, atrocități și manipulare"
699:, published in 1932. A film based on the book,
1076:
1074:
1064:
1062:
598:who in February 1910 was appointed by General
327:The blame for the revolt was initially put on
1572:
1502:2012–2014 Romanian protests against shale gas
1231:
749:
747:
745:
743:
724:
722:
720:
851:(1). European Journal of Population: 47–75.
1083:
1071:
1059:
937:
541:. The data available to the Prime Minister
374:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1579:
1565:
1238:
1224:
740:
731:
717:
570:mentioned a figure of "several thousand".
38:
1145:
1102:
974:
394:Learn how and when to remove this message
117:Large landowners and their intermediaries
1119:
674:
511:
405:
1175:
1034:
919:Dologa, Laurențiu (25 September 2010).
842:
14:
1662:
918:
1560:
1219:
893:
224:Infantry escorting prisoners through
792:
790:
372:adding citations to reliable sources
339:
1705:Riots and civil disorder in Romania
1507:2012 Romanian constitutional crisis
1127:. Oxford History of Modern Europe.
1035:Sperlea, Florin (13 January 2011).
894:Betea, Lavinia (14 February 2007).
524:for an expected attack by peasants.
335:
162:(the initiators and leaders of the
24:
18:1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt
1419:1990 ethnic clashes in Târgu Mureș
1399:Timișoara student movement of 1956
1394:Bucharest student movement of 1956
1293:Revolt of Horea, Cloșca and Crișan
1169:
1146:Eidelberg, Philip Gabriel (1974).
975:Eidelberg, Philip Gabriel (1974).
25:
1741:
1404:Jiu Valley miners' strike of 1977
787:
1247:
1209:1907 din primăvară până'n toamnă
344:
268:government on March 12, the new
217:
99:
1541:2020 Ditrău xenophobic incident
1429:Bridge of Flowers demonstration
1028:
1002:
993:
968:
931:
912:
887:
832:(in Romanian). 2 December 2013.
627:Many intellectuals, among them
575:Johann of Schönburg-Hartenstein
114:Romanian police and Gendarmerie
1624:1907 Romanian Peasants' revolt
1546:2023 Romanian teachers' strike
1334:1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt
1318:1888 Romanian Peasants' revolt
1212:("1907 From Spring to Autumn")
836:
818:
780:Daniel Chirot, Charles Ragin,
774:
765:
756:
33:1907 Romanian peasants' revolt
13:
1:
1308:Wallachian Revolution of 1848
1096:
1043:(in Romanian). Archived from
1010:"Monografia Comunei Stănești"
904:(in Romanian). Archived from
806:(in Romanian). March 17, 2007
502:
279:
1384:Ghimeș Valley peasant revolt
1364:1920 Romanian general strike
1303:Moldavian Revolution of 1848
941:American Sociological Review
645:Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea
622:
456:Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino
247:Răscoala țărănească din 1907
177:Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea
7:
1690:Rural community development
1492:2012–2015 unrest in Romania
1298:Wallachian uprising of 1821
507:
10:
1746:
1619:Peasant unrest in Bulgaria
520:waiting on the highway at
264:Following the fall of the
200:Army: 10 killed, 4 wounded
60:21 February – 5 April 1907
1634:Peasant Revolt in Albania
1604:1809 Gottscheer rebellion
1594:
1524:2017–19 Romanian protests
1479:
1326:
1273:
686:
682:'s iconic "1907" painting
491:was declared, and then a
461:Partidul Național-Liberal
228:(Illustrated London News)
194:
124:
91:
52:
48:(Illustrated London News)
37:
32:
1414:1989 Romanian Revolution
710:
474:Minister of the Interior
1695:20th-century rebellions
1454:September 1991 Mineriad
1176:Caragea, Anton (2003).
1129:Oxford University Press
606:
1517:2015 Romanian protests
1497:2012 Romanian protests
1464:February 1999 Mineriad
1444:February 1990 Mineriad
1379:Grivița strike of 1933
1268:and predecessor states
683:
660:Vasile M. Kogălniceanu
600:Grigore C. Crăiniceanu
525:
415:
306:National Liberal Party
257:, including as far as
246:
125:Commanders and leaders
1680:Rebellions in Romania
1459:January 1999 Mineriad
1439:January 1990 Mineriad
1389:Legionnaire rebellion
1374:Lupeni strike of 1929
1344:1918 Bucharest strike
1339:Romanian Fleet mutiny
678:
515:
409:
195:Casualties and losses
1730:Massacres in Romania
1710:February 1907 events
1369:Tatarbunary Uprising
1354:Ținutul Sării revolt
1313:Republic of Ploiești
1014:primaria-stanesti.ro
493:general mobilization
468:assumed power, with
448:Partidul Conservator
368:improve this section
135:Gheorghe Cantacuzino
120:Disaffected peasants
1487:2006 Ferentari riot
1471:1993 Hădăreni riots
695:("The Revolt"), by
539:Romanian Parliament
1609:Galician slaughter
1599:Tyrolean Rebellion
1449:June 1990 Mineriad
1204:Ion Luca Caragiale
1125:Rumania: 1866-1947
857:10.1007/BF01797121
684:
656:universal suffrage
637:Ion Luca Caragiale
535:Ion I. C. Brătianu
526:
489:state of emergency
478:Alexandru Averescu
470:Ion I. C. Brătianu
424:Trifan Roman Grosu
416:
266:Conservative Party
185:Christian Rakovsky
152:Trifan Roman Grosu
147:Ion I. C. Brătianu
143:Alexandru Averescu
106:Kingdom of Romania
70:Kingdom of Romania
1725:Massacres in 1907
1720:April 1907 events
1715:March 1907 events
1670:Conflicts in 1907
1657:
1656:
1554:
1553:
901:Jurnalul Național
633:Alexandru Vlahuță
404:
403:
396:
286:1864 land reforms
211:
210:
87:
86:
16:(Redirected from
1737:
1639:Tambov Rebellion
1629:Kileler uprising
1581:
1574:
1567:
1558:
1557:
1537:
1409:Brașov Rebellion
1252:
1251:
1240:
1233:
1226:
1217:
1216:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1184:. Archived from
1165:
1152:Brill Publishers
1142:
1116:
1113:Brill Publishers
1090:
1089:Hitchins, p. 180
1087:
1081:
1080:Hitchins, p. 179
1078:
1069:
1068:Hitchins, p. 126
1066:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1006:
1000:
997:
991:
990:
972:
966:
965:
935:
929:
928:
916:
910:
909:
908:on 18 June 2015.
891:
885:
884:
840:
834:
833:
822:
816:
815:
813:
811:
794:
785:
778:
772:
769:
763:
760:
754:
751:
738:
735:
729:
726:
641:Constantin Stere
597:
583:
543:Dimitrie Sturdza
466:Dimitrie Sturdza
443:Austro-Hungarian
399:
392:
388:
385:
379:
348:
340:
336:Course of events
221:
189:Ștefan Gheorghiu
173:Constantin Mille
139:Dimitrie Sturdza
104:
103:
80:Creation of the
54:
53:
42:
30:
29:
21:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1685:Peasant revolts
1660:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1649:Cazin rebellion
1590:
1585:
1555:
1550:
1531:
1475:
1359:Bender Uprising
1349:Khotyn Uprising
1322:
1288:Săbăoani revolt
1275:
1269:
1246:
1244:
1200:
1191:
1189:
1182:Magazin Istoric
1180:(in Romanian).
1172:
1170:Further reading
1162:
1139:
1121:Hitchins, Keith
1099:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1072:
1067:
1060:
1050:
1048:
1047:on 12 July 2015
1033:
1029:
1019:
1017:
1008:
1007:
1003:
998:
994:
987:
973:
969:
954:10.2307/2094430
936:
932:
917:
913:
892:
888:
841:
837:
824:
823:
819:
809:
807:
796:
795:
788:
779:
775:
771:Eidelberg, p.91
770:
766:
762:Eidelberg, p.84
761:
757:
753:Eidelberg, p.82
752:
741:
737:Eidelberg, p.81
736:
732:
728:Eidelberg, p.80
727:
718:
713:
689:
625:
609:
591:
589:Gheorghe Dabija
577:
510:
505:
482:Minister of War
400:
389:
383:
380:
365:
349:
338:
282:
233:
232:
231:
230:
229:
222:
207:10,000 arrested
206:
201:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
158:
154:
145:
141:
137:
133:
98:
72:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1743:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1700:1907 in Europe
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1675:Emergency laws
1672:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1644:Lesko uprising
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1584:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1561:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1489:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1283:Bobâlna revolt
1279:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1262:civil disorder
1243:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1198:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1160:
1143:
1137:
1117:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1082:
1070:
1058:
1027:
1001:
992:
985:
967:
948:(4): 428–444.
930:
927:(in Romanian).
911:
886:
835:
830:Bună Ziua Iași
817:
803:România liberă
786:
773:
764:
755:
739:
730:
715:
714:
712:
709:
697:Liviu Rebreanu
688:
685:
624:
621:
617:Giurgiu County
608:
605:
559:ambassador in
509:
506:
504:
501:
487:On 18 March a
453:Prime Minister
402:
401:
352:
350:
343:
337:
334:
281:
278:
238:peasant revolt
223:
216:
215:
214:
213:
212:
209:
208:
203:
197:
196:
192:
191:
149:
127:
126:
122:
121:
118:
116:
115:
112:
94:
93:
89:
88:
85:
84:
78:
74:
73:
68:
66:
62:
61:
58:
50:
49:
35:
34:
27:Peasant revolt
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1742:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
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310:Ioan Lahovary
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322:Arendators
280:Background
166:revolters)
1434:Mineriads
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623:Aftermath
561:Bucharest
553:Dimineața
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