58:
75:
578:
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30:
681:(CP) near the beach. The Japanese came close to overrunning the CP, but Yukioka's attack was blunted by desperate fighting during the Marines' counterattack supported by artillery and mortars. One element of the 3rd Battalion encountered and attacked the 3rd Marine Division Headquarters area. The Japanese were prevented from overrunning the position only when every available Marine, including cooks, clerks, doctors, and some of the wounded, joined the fighting, before two companies of
1417:
466:. By early 1944, much of northern China was nominally secure, and many units were being transferred to various islands in the Pacific in order to support the strained and hyperextended line of defensive positions. By February 1944, the 29th Division, which consisted of the 18th, the 38th, and the 50th Infantry Regiments, was ordered to mobilize and prepare for operations in the
647:
Just after midnight, the 1st
Battalion, 18th Regiment, attacked the center of the 22nd Marines. Veterans of the battle later reported that while many of the Japanese soldiers carried rifles and their officers led with swords, some of the Japanese carried knives, pitchforks, or their bayonets mounted
623:
On 24 July, the command headquarters of the
Japanese forces on Guam received word from Tokyo to "Defend Guam at all costs". General Takashina devised a plan of attack to dislodge the 3rd Marine Division, which occupied the high ground at Asan, north of the Orote Peninsula. Takashina's attack would
568:
distinguished himself by taking command of a number of soldiers and sailors who had survived the battle, as well as
Japanese civilians who looked to him for guidance and protection. The group numbered about 300, and took shelter in caves or small villages in the jungle. They evaded capture by the
689:
By the morning of 26 July, it was apparent that the attack to dislodge the
American position had failed, as had the breakout attempt at Orote Peninsula. It was also apparent to General Takashina that victory at Guam would be impossible, due to enormous losses in personnel, leadership, weapons, and
656:
The
Japanese main attack was launched at about 0300, 26 July. The assault of the 2nd Battalion, 18th Regiment, under Major Maruyama Chusa, struck the center of the 21st Marines, and was the scene of some of the most desperate hand-to-hand combat of the entire night. The battalion charged through
685:
arrived to support the defenders. The engineers counterattacked, and by dawn the
Japanese troops were dead or scattered; many fled up the Nidual River valley. The Engineers pursued, and over the course of the day reported witnessing many of the Japanese committing suicide by an unprecedented
669:, the Japanese troops were unable to damage a single tank, and flowing over and past them, continued on down the draw. Those troops who were unable to reach the draw regrouped and charged another point in the Marine line and fought hand-to-hand until their numbers became depleted.
648:
to long sticks and used as spears. Charging across open ground, they were hit by
American artillery, mortars, and machine gun fire until they retreated into a mangrove swamp. Artillery continued to bombard the swamps, discouraging further attack from that approach.
624:
be coordinated with a breakout attempt of
Japanese forces trapped on the peninsula. The 18th Regiment, which had been reorganized into three battalions, was to be one of the main units to assault the American position. Two battalions would attack the
268:, distinguished himself when he took command of some soldiers and assumed responsibility for the civilians who had survived the battle. Ōba and his men surrendered in December 1945, three months after the official end of World War II.
596:, landed on Guam and assumed overall command of all military units for the island's defense. In preparation for the imminent invasion of Guam by Allied forces, the main body of the 18th Regiment was situated on a mountain, with each
686:
method: when a
Japanese soldier had given up on escape, and capture seemed imminent, he pulled the pin of his grenade, placed it on top of his head, then held his helmet down over the grenade and waited for the inevitable.
215:
where it fought in several major battles. Between 1928 and 1936, the regiment was deployed to China where it engaged in two military operations in China, though it spent most of the time on garrison and occupation duty.
559:
in May 1944; however, about 600 troops of the 1st
Battalion had to be left behind on Saipan. These troops, under Captain Masao Kubo, joined the island's garrison, though nearly all would be killed during the
632:. The objective was to exploit an 800-yard gap between the two regiments, break through the American lines, and attain the high ground. Other units would attack the Marines or head to the beaches with
241:, was torpedoed and sunk. Over half the regiment drowned, but survivors were rescued and delivered to Saipan. Some stragglers had to be left behind, but the majority of the regiment was sent to
706:
The main memorial for the 18th Infantry Regiment is located in Toyohashi City Park. There are also monuments on the islands of Saipan and Guam, paid for by the regimental veterans' association.
677:
The 3rd Battalion of the 18th Regiment, led by Major Yukioka Setsuo, was able to exploit a gap between the lines of the 9th and the 21st Marines, and drove hard toward the Marines' regimental
639:
On the night of 25 July, the colors of the 18th Infantry Regiment were ritually burned, by authorization of the division commander, in anticipation of the regiment's complete destruction.
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Peninsula on the west coast of the island, while the defenders either counterattacked or continued to fire on American positions with machine guns, artillery, and mortars.
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715:
750:
698:, along with their commanding officer, Colonel Hikoshiro Ohashi. By the end of 26 July 1944, the 18th Infantry Regiment had ceased to be a functioning unit.
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campaign to inflict as much damage as possible on the American forces. During the previous night's fighting, most of the men of the 18th Regiment had been
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451:
657:
machine gun and artillery fire in an effort to reach the Marines. In an effort to break through the lines, Maruyama's men fought their way into a
1269:
1190:
539:
Monma Kentaro. Also lost on the transport were several tanks and most of the regiment's equipment. The convoy's three escort destroyers dropped
261:
and attempted to evade capture by hiding in the jungles, but as an organization the regiment became defunct and the ranks were not replenished.
951:
569:
U.S. Marines that were hunting for them, conducted harassment raids, and survived until they finally agreed to surrender on 1 December 1945.
227:
and then participated in the major campaigns of central China. In 1944, the 18th Regiment was sent to the Pacific theater as part of the
535:, just northeast of Saipan. The transport sunk, taking with it 2,200 of the 3,500 men on board, which included the regimental commander,
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745:
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morale. Takashina decided that all remaining troops should escape to the interior of the island, in order to regroup, and carry on a
228:
661:
that led down to the beach. The Marines had prepared for that possibility, and once in the draw the Japanese faced several
1441:
625:
735:
629:
547:, and then rescued the survivors of the sunken transport. About 1,800 troops of the regiment were delivered to Saipan.
35:
1394:
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478:
From Manchuria, the 18th Infantry Regiment and its sister regiments travelled to Korea, where they embarked on four
725:
368:. In 1934, the regiment was on garrison duty in Manchukuo. The regiment returned to Toyohashi, Japan in 1936.
285:
600:
deployed to cover possible landing points in support of the island's defensive strategy. On 21 July 1944 the
1263:
500:
494:
392:, the 18th Regiment was ordered to mobilize in August 1937. The regiment landed and participated in the
196:
as a branch of the Nagoya Garrison. Throughout its history, the majority of its soldiers came from the
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609:
506:
389:
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and prepared to repel the American invasion. Members of the 18th Regiment participated in both the
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133:
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467:
440:
308:
208:
113:
487:
169:
78:
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After re-organization, two battalions of the under-equipped 18th Regiment were transported to
1451:
1228:
829:] (in Japanese). Vol. 8. Toyohashi, Japan: Toyohashi City Board of Education. 1979.
720:
601:
582:
324:
250:
1268:, U.S. Army in World War II: The War in the Pacific, Washington, DC: Department of Defense,
1348:] (in Japanese). Toyohashi, Japan: 18th Infantry Regiment History Publication Society.
292:
city, and thereafter the majority of its recruits came from that city and the surrounding
8:
435:, as well as smaller actions in the area. In 1940, the 18th Regiment participated in the
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74:
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In July 1942, command of the 18th Regiment was transferred from the 3rd Division to the
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at a point about halfway between Shanghai and Nanjing, launching an attack from
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on the opposite bank. The regiment occupied the two towns until 9 March 1938.
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29:
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charges to destroy any ammunition or supply caches left by American forces.
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on 15 August 1884. By 1886 the regiment had transferred its headquarters to
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was organized and the 18th Infantry Regiment was placed in its command.
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360:. As a result of this early clash between Chinese and Japanese forces,
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The regiment deployed for the first time in 1894 to participate in the
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479:
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173:
102:
515:. On 29 February 1944 the transport ship carrying the regiment, the
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88:
454:. The regiment was then ordered to serve as the garrison force at
334:
In 1907 the regiment was transferred from the 3rd Division to the
253:. In both battles, nearly all soldiers of the 18th Regiment were
536:
520:
401:
353:
264:
After the battle on Saipan, one officer of the regiment, Captain
804:] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shin-Jinbutsuoraisha Co., Ltd. 1990.
1416:
512:
459:
420:
281:
232:
98:
1315:
The Way of the Heavenly Sword: The Japanese Army in the 1920s
918:(in Japanese). Vol. 2. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.
802:
Survey of the Regiments of the Japanese Army: Infantry Volume
564:
in June and July 1944. In the aftermath of the battle, Capt.
483:
556:
242:
311:(1894–1895). In 1904, the regiment deployed again for the
1361:] (in Japanese). Vol. 3. Tokyo: Mitsuto Company.
1057:
Survey of Flag Officers of the Army and Navy: Army Volume
235:, the transport ship that was carrying the regiment, the
916:
Comprehensive Encyclopedia of the Army and Navy of Japan
223:
in the summer of 1937, the regiment participated in the
628:
and the other battalion was to attack the flank of the
356:, China. In February 1933 the regiment participated in
338:. In 1925, the 15th Division was disbanded by order of
192:. The unit was formed in 1884 and based in the city of
511:, and were first sent to the Japanese-held island of
419:. Later that year, the regiment participated in the
345:, and the regiment was returned to the 3rd Division.
1457:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1944
1059:] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Fuyoushobou Publishers.
741:
List of Japanese military equipment of World War II
280:of the 18th Infantry Regiment were established in
1462:Military units and formations established in 1884
1305:To the Marianas: War in the Central Pacific: 1944
1428:
938:Japanese Armed Forces Order of Battle, 1937–1945
1422:18th Infantry Regiment (Imperial Japanese Army)
883:History of National Defense in the Meiji Period
856:
364:was placed in the Japanese controlled state of
185:
859:Guide to the Organization of the Imperial Army
415:In May 1938, the regiment participated in the
400:. In early December, the regiment crossed the
179:
154:
211:in 1894. In 1904, it deployed again for the
589:In March 1944, the 29th Division commander,
315:. The regiment saw combat at the Battles of
1437:Infantry Regiments (Imperial Japanese Army)
1221:"Saipan: Memorial to the Japanese War Dead"
817:
815:
813:
811:
751:Rank insignia of the Imperial Japanese Army
380:Soldiers of the 18th Inf. Regt. during the
371:
352:, and afterward served as the garrison for
348:In May 1928, the regiment deployed for the
1307:. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.
1286:The Liberation of Guam 21 July – 10 August
1104:
1102:
950:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
746:Organization of the Imperial Japanese Army
1311:
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981:
979:
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857:Toyama, Misao; Morimatsu, Toshio (1987).
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1195:Hojo Junior High School Official Website
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1368:Oba, The Last Samurai: Saipan 1944–1945
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427:. In 1939, it fought the Battle of the
396:, then continued on to assist with the
388:With the outbreak of war following the
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885:] (in Japanese). Tokyo: Kinseisha.
872:
870:
868:
861:(in Japanese). Fuyoushobou Publishers.
604:commenced. Despite fierce resistance,
257:. A few soldiers survived the massed
1365:
1342:History of the 18th Infantry Regiment
1339:
1272:from the original on 27 December 2010
1261:
958:
935:
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493:destroyers of Destroyer Division 31:
1302:
1041:
922:
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876:
841:
207:The regiment first deployed for the
1352:
1197:(in Japanese). 2008. Archived from
898:
865:
736:List of Japanese Infantry divisions
651:
486:. The convoy was escorted by three
13:
701:
672:
642:
473:
14:
1478:
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331:, Panlongshan, and other places.
1415:
1397:from the original on 5 June 2011
423:Operation as part of the larger
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28:
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1001:
988:
726:Imperial Japanese Army Uniforms
1288:. Novato, CA: Presidio Press.
889:
716:18th Independent Mixed Brigade
176:and unit code was Thunder-3219
1:
1318:. Stanford University Press.
1227:(in Japanese). Archived from
761:
616:by nightfall, straddling the
1355:The End of the Imperial Army
7:
1442:History of Aichi Prefecture
1391:Imperial Japanese Navy Page
1312:Humphreys, Leonard (1995).
709:
284:, Japan, and granted their
186:
10:
1483:
1191:"Traces of Camp Toyohashi"
1096:Gailey (1988), pp. 90–112.
602:American landing operation
390:Marco Polo Bridge Incident
1385:Nevitt, Allyn D. (1998).
1262:Crowl, Philip A. (1959),
1223:[サイパン/日本人戦没者の碑].
936:Madej, W. Victor (1981).
895:Humphreys (1995), p. 150.
827:History of Toyohashi City
550:
180:
161:Hohei Dai-Ju-hachi Rentai
155:
130:Pacification of Manchukuo
109:
94:
84:
69:
51:
43:
34:The 18th Infantry at the
27:
20:
1265:Campaign in the Marianas
1052:
1024:. Accessed 31 May 2011.
1011:. Accessed 31 May 2011.
878:
822:
797:
756:Second Sino-Japanese War
433:First Battle of Changsha
372:Second Sino-Japanese War
221:Second Sino-Japanese War
187:Kaminari-San-Ni-Ichi-Kyu
134:Second Sino-Japanese War
1303:Hoyt, Edwin P. (1980).
1051:Toyama, Misao (1981).
998:. Accessed 31 May 2011.
877:Hara, Takeshi (2002).
665:. Lacking any sort of
572:
309:First Sino-Japanese War
209:First Sino-Japanese War
114:First Sino-Japanese War
1353:Ito, Masanori (1998).
1284:Gailey, Harry (1988).
1225:Saipan Sightseeing Map
1171:Gailey (1988), p. 142.
1162:Gailey (1988), p. 138.
1153:Gailey (1988), p. 136.
1144:Gailey (1988), p. 135.
1135:Gailey (1988), p. 134.
1126:Gailey (1988), p. 132.
1117:Gailey (1988), p. 130.
1108:Gailey (1988), p. 129.
914:Hata, Ikuhiko (2005).
586:
462:Province, now part of
385:
219:With the start of the
170:Imperial Japanese Army
150:18th Infantry Regiment
79:Imperial Japanese Army
21:18th Infantry Regiment
1424:at Wikimedia Commons
1340:Hyodo, Masao (1994).
1249:Hyodo (1994), p. 475.
1087:Gailey (1988), p. 89.
1069:Crowl (1959), p. 453.
1038:Gailey (1988), p. 37.
969:Gailey (1988), p. 36.
721:Battle of Guam (1944)
583:Battle of Guam (1944)
580:
408:on the south bank to
379:
985:Hoyt (1980), p. 240.
626:21st Marine Regiment
1366:Jones, Don (1986).
1231:on 2 September 2011
1193:[軍都豊橋の面影].
441:Han River Operation
300:. In May 1888, the
200:region, or eastern
1370:. Presidio Press.
1180:Ito (1998), p. 87.
667:anti-tank weaponry
612:forces gained two
606:United States Army
591:Lieutenant General
587:
394:Battle of Shanghai
386:
313:Russo-Japanese War
296:region of eastern
225:Battle of Shanghai
213:Russo-Japanese War
118:Russo-Japanese War
36:battle for Dachang
1447:Japanese holdouts
1420:Media related to
1201:on 16 August 2004
594:Takeshi Takashina
480:transport vessels
464:Liaoning Province
458:, at the time in
452:IJA 29th Division
398:Battle of Nanjing
336:IJA 15th Division
231:. On the way to
166:infantry regiment
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238:Sakito Maru
172:(IJA). Its
159:, 歩兵第十八聯隊)
110:Engagements
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1431:Categories
835:B000J8HTNY
762:References
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1276:6 January
946:cite book
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47:1884–1944
1395:Archived
1346:歩兵第十八聯隊史
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879:明治期国土防衛史
710:See also
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456:Haicheng
439:and the
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249:and the
89:Infantry
1359:帝國陸軍の最後
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537:Colonel
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508:Okinami
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468:Pacific
402:Yangtze
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181:雷3219
156:第18連隊
1403:2011
1372:ISBN
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952:link
831:ASIN
823:豊橋市史
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148:The
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