735:
724:
40:
655:
27:
363:
696:
areas. Camastra already had considerable experience as an administrator, having served in a number of senior military and judicial positions. The
Viceroy also appointed three generals as commissioners in order to organise the immediate relief efforts in the worst affected cities. One of the Duke of Camastra's first acts was to temporarily exempt the worst affected areas from taxes. Amongst other administrators sent to the damaged area was Colonel Don
756:
rebuild using the existing town plan. Examples of towns that fell in the first category were Avola and Noto, their former locations now being known as Avola Antica and Noto Antica. Catania is an example of a city that was rebuilt on the same site to a new plan while adapting some of the existing structures. Syracuse is an example of a city rebuilt entirely to its existing plan. Ragusa was partly rebuilt on its old site to the medieval plan (
559:
548:
468:
Siculo-Calabrian rift zone, or rupture along the subduction zone beneath the Ionian Sea. An analysis of the distribution of tsunami run-ups along the coast suggests that a submarine landslide triggered by the earthquake is the most likely source, in which case the tsunami provides no constraint on the epicenter. A landslide origin is supported by the observation of possible landslide bodies along the
Hyblean-Malta escarpment.
47:
499:, a sequence containing several coarse clastic layers has been found, inconsistent with its lagoonal setting. The uppermost coarse layer, which has a strongly erosive base, consists of coarse sand with up to granule size clasts. The layer has been dated as 17th to 18th century based on pottery shards and one well-preserved clay pipe, consistent with the 1693 tsunami. Offshore from Augusta, a sequence identified using
619:
The earthquake also triggered large landslides, such as at Noto Antica and
Sortino, and in one case a large rockslide dammed a stream, forming a lake a few kilometres long. Several large NW-SE trending fractures were created up to 500 metres (1,600 ft) long and 2 metres (6.6 ft) wide, on
353:
with fills of up to 700 metres (2,300 ft) and 800 metres (2,600 ft) respectively. Onshore, two ages of faulting have been recognised, an earlier phase trending NW-SE and a later phase trending SSW-NNE that clearly offsets the first group, including the Avola fault and the
Rosolini-Ispica
703:
In
Palermo, the Viceroy formed two councils, a civil one made up of nobles, and another that was ecclesiastical made up of senior church officials. They were directed to meet twice weekly, and were charged with the drawing up of plans for the reconstruction of the worst affected towns and cities.
755:
The initial reconstruction efforts concentrated on restoring the military defences of
Syracuse, Augusta, Catania and Acireale, due to their strategic importance. The reconstruction plans were of three types: move the town to a new site, rebuild at the same site with a completely new town plan or
695:
for the Val Demone and Val di Noto regions of Sicily respectively. Due to illness, both the Prince of Aragon and his replacement the bishop of
Syracuse were unable to take up the position of Vicar General for Val di Noto and the Duke of Camastra was forced to take on the responsibility for both
571:
Despite the difficulty of separating the effects of this event from the mainshock, some information is available. This earthquake caused widespread damage, particularly in
Augusta where almost half of the houses were destroyed. Most of the buildings in two districts of Avola collapsed and many
484:
The tsunami triggered by the earthquake affected most of the Ionian Sea coast of Sicily, about 230 kilometres (140 mi) in all. The first thing that was noted at all localities affected was a withdrawal of the sea. The strongest effects were concentrated around
Augusta, where the initial
475:
mention dozens of aftershocks, some as late as August 1694, and some reportedly as strong as the initial quake of 11 January 1693. Aftershocks continued until at least 1696, with their effects concentrated in towns along the coast, supporting an epicentre either near the coast or offshore.
467:
The source of the 11 January earthquake is debated. Some catalogues give an onshore epicentre without any direct association with a known structure, while others propose that the source was offshore due to the associated tsunami, involving either rupture along a normal fault, part of the
876:"I. An account of the earthquakes in Sicilia, on the ninth and eleventh of January, 1692/3. Translated from an Italian letter from Sicily by the noble Vincentius Bonajutus, and communicated to the Royal Society by the learned Marcellus Malpighius, physician to his present HolineĂź"
273:
of the disaster was probably close to the coast, possibly offshore, although the exact position remains unknown. The extent and degree of destruction caused by the earthquake resulted in the extensive rebuilding of the towns and cities of southeastern Sicily, particularly the
514:
assemblages, eleven possible high-energy events were found based on the presence of large numbers of shallow water forams combined with a greater proportion of fine sand in the same interval. The uppermost two events correlate well with the tsunamis from the
485:
withdrawal left the harbour dry, followed by a wave of at least 2.4 metres (7.9 ft) height, possibly as much as 8 metres (26 ft), that inundated part of the town. The maximum inundation of about 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) was recorded at
1172:
Armigliato, A.; Tinti S.; Zaniboni F.; Pagnoni G. & Argnani A. (2007). "New contributions to the debate on the cause of the
January 11th, 1693 tsunami in eastern Sicily (Italy): earthquake or offshore landslide source (or may be both)?".
1552:
Smedile, A.; De Martini P.M.; Pantosti D.; Bellucci L.; Del Carlo P.; Gasperini L.; Pirrotta C.; Polonia A. & Boschi E. (2011). "Possible tsunami signatures from an integrated study in the Augusta Bay offshore (Eastern Sicily—Italy)".
779:. At this time many of the palazzi, public buildings, cathedrals and churches were reconstructed in this style. Towns that suffered serious damage from the earthquake in which many of their structures were rebuilt, include
531:. Analysis of the relationship between eruptions and earthquakes has found that earthquakes are followed by long periods without activity in the 'rift zones' that extend out to north and south from the summit. Estimates of
439:
The earthquake lasted for four minutes, according to contemporary accounts. The estimated magnitude of 7.4 is taken from the extent and degree of the recorded damage, with a very large area that reached X
379:
A destructive earthquake occurred two days before the mainshock at 21:00 local time, centered in the Val di Noto. It had an estimated magnitude of 6.2 and a maximum perceived intensity of VIII–XI on the
330:
runs for about 370 kilometres (230 mi), forming three main segments through Calabria, along the east coast of Sicily and immediately offshore, and finally forming the southeastern margin of the
927:
291:, "It was in this country impossible to keep upon our legs, or in one place on the dancing Earth; nay, those that lay along on the ground, were tossed from side to side, as if on a rolling billow."
1095:
684:
572:
buildings were also destroyed in Noto, Floridia, Lentini and Mellili. Some buildings collapsed in Catania, Vizzini and Sortini. There were an estimated 200 deaths in both Augusta and
1249:
820:
928:
National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972).
539:
intrusion in the rift zones associated with the 1669 eruption, suggest that this could have helped to trigger the 1693 earthquake, by increasing stress levels on the faults.
624:
were formed by jets of water spurting as much as several metres into the air, with similar phenomena being reported from the Lentini plain and along some river valleys.
584:
The area of severe damage covered most of southeastern Sicily, an area of about 14,000 square kilometres (5,400 sq mi), including all the present provinces of
254:, destroying at least 70 towns and cities, seriously affecting an area of 5,600 square kilometres (2,200 sq mi) and causing the death of about 60,000 people.
1279:
Catalano, S.; De Guidi G.; Monaco C.; Tortorici G. & Tortorici L. (2008). "Active faulting and seismicity along the Siculo–Calabrian Rift Zone (Southern Italy)".
1512:
1758:
Proceedings of the Second International Congress on Construction History (Queens' College Cambridge 2006), Exeter, Short Run Press, 2006, I, Pp. 799–815
527:
Although there are reports of an eruption at the time of the earthquake, most sources suggest that the volcano had been inactive since the destructive
428:. Augusta lies well outside the main zone of severe shaking; its extensive damage is probably due to its construction on unconsolidated sediments.
909:
287:
1788:
189:
5–10-metre high waves devastated the coastal villages on the Ionian Sea and in the Straits of Messina. (Ambraseys-Sieberg intensity V tsunami)
1121:"Source of the 1693 Catania earthquake and tsunami (southern Italy): New evidence from tsunami modeling of a locked subduction fault plane"
1464:"Discrimination of Tsunami Sources (Earthquake versus Landslide) on the Basis of Historical Data in Eastern Sicily and Southern Calabria"
431:
From the shape and location of the area of maximum damage, the earthquake is thought to have been caused by movement on the Avola fault.
642:(19%). The total death toll in the same source was recorded as 54,000 with other sources referring to totals of about 60,000. In 1853,
1376:"Constraints to the Cause of Three Historical Tsunamis (1908, 1783, and 1693) in the Messina Straits Region, Sicily, Southern Italy"
596:. At least 70 cities, towns and villages were devastated, with some examples of at least partial building collapse as far afield as
638:(63% of the population), 5,045 in Ragusa (51%), 3,500 in Syracuse (23%) 3,000 in Noto (25%), 1,840 in Augusta (30%) and 3,400 in
39:
2149:
2068:
2063:
1886:
1729:
1658:
1375:
172:
2058:
1201:
495:
linked to the 1693 tsunami have been found both onshore and offshore. At Ognina, just south of Syracuse, at the head of a
2134:
1527:
1781:
1463:
734:
112:
2027:
1333:
1589:
2144:
2053:
2139:
2129:
1841:
929:
843:
767:
The degree and extent of the damage caused by the earthquake prompted an architectural revival in the towns of
848:
2099:
1774:
906:
741:
980:
345:, dipping to the east. Most of these lie offshore and some control basins that contain large thicknesses of
2119:
1931:
1797:
1329:"Quaternary normal faulting in southeastern Sicily (Italy): a seismic source for the 1693 large earthquake"
1120:
838:
745:
2114:
2048:
472:
2109:
2022:
1987:
1977:
1921:
1911:
1861:
1604:
1342:
723:
680:
341:
In the southern part of the eastern coast of Sicily, investigations have identified a series of active
335:
95:
2124:
1992:
1891:
1851:
965:
631:
that were anchored in the harbour when they were grounded during the initial withdrawal of the sea.
2007:
1967:
1957:
1952:
1871:
1866:
1811:
1432:
1068:
1041:"Catalogue of Strong Earthquakes in Italy (461 BC – 1997) and Mediterranean Area (760 B.C. – 1500)"
700:, royal engineer to the King of Spain, who had experience in planning and building fortifications.
676:
381:
251:
829:, inscribed in 1992, referring to the "exceptional quality" of the region's art and architecture.
2078:
2043:
2017:
1997:
1982:
1972:
1962:
1936:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1856:
1846:
1826:
1039:
Guidoboni, E.; Ferrari, G.; Mariotti, D.; Comastri, A.; Tarabusi, G.; Sgatoni, G.; Valensise, G.
532:
516:
342:
285:
According to a contemporary account of the earthquake by Vincentius Bonajutus, published in the
2104:
2073:
2012:
2002:
1926:
1916:
1876:
1836:
1821:
1816:
243:
1648:
952:
697:
367:
323:
1719:
1248:
1608:
1562:
1478:
1390:
1346:
1288:
1216:
1182:
1135:
593:
349:
sediments. The two largest faults, known as the western and eastern master faults, border
8:
2154:
1831:
1697:
1653:. Studies in Architecture. Vol. 21. University of California Press. pp. 27–37.
823:
585:
300:
1612:
1566:
1482:
1394:
1350:
1292:
1220:
1186:
1139:
510:
in 72 metres (236 ft) of water. Following detailed analysis of both grain size and
1626:
1151:
589:
528:
331:
262:
1040:
1725:
1654:
1630:
1621:
1359:
1328:
1099:
796:
327:
238:
on 11 January at around 21:00 local time. This earthquake was preceded by a damaging
1155:
257:
The earthquake was followed by tsunamis that devastated the coastal villages on the
1675:
1616:
1570:
1486:
1398:
1354:
1296:
1224:
1143:
1083:
992:
933:
887:
780:
776:
713:
659:
654:
634:
The number of deaths recorded at the time in official sources were about 12,000 in
628:
322:
and considerable seismic activity. Most damaging earthquakes however, occur on the
279:
26:
1406:
1574:
913:
672:
609:
492:
385:
224:
1511:
Scicchitano, G.; Costa B.; Di Stefano A.; Longhitano S. & Monaco C. (2008).
1300:
875:
444:) or more on the Mercalli scale. The maximum shaking reached XI in the towns of
246:, the most powerful in Italian recorded history, and a maximum intensity of XI (
1119:
Gutscher, M.-A.; Roger, J.; Baptista, M.-A.; Miranda, J. M.; Tinti, S. (2006).
688:
536:
312:
282:, described as "the culmination and final flowering of Baroque art in Europe".
228:
1104:((...) and about sixty thousand people died under the ruins of the earthquake)
2093:
1510:
1461:
784:
692:
643:
316:
304:
127:
114:
1551:
1402:
981:"Seismic history of the Maltese islands and considerations on seismic risk"
892:
621:
511:
1147:
792:
547:
507:
457:
409:
350:
275:
1278:
551:
Depiction of the earthquake in an engraving from 1696, possibly showing
362:
1766:
1490:
1326:
1171:
346:
319:
308:
258:
1513:"Tsunami deposits in the Siracusa coastal area (south-eastern Sicily)"
1253:
1229:
242:
on 9 January. The main quake had an estimated magnitude of 7.4 on the
1590:"Stress interaction between seismic and volcanic activity at Mt Etna"
1462:
Gerardi, P.; Barbano M.S.; De Martini P.M. & Pantosti D. (2008).
937:
601:
270:
239:
1587:
1088:
997:
1753:
1373:
558:
449:
393:
231:
1175:
American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2007, Abstract #S53A-1019
760:) and partly on a new, but neighbouring site, to a 'modern' plan (
788:
635:
605:
597:
552:
486:
461:
453:
445:
425:
421:
413:
405:
397:
266:
1250:
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
1096:
Juan Francisco Pacheco y TĂ©llez-GirĂłn, 4th Consort Duke of Uceda
658:
The Cathedral of Noto, one of the many buildings constructed in
1327:
Bianca, M.; Monaco C.; Tortorici L. & Cernobori L. (1999).
808:
804:
800:
768:
639:
417:
315:. This subduction zone is responsible for the formation of the
220:
154:
1254:"Late Baroque Towns of the Val di Noto (South-Eastern Sicily)"
1202:"A revision of the 1693 eastern Sicily earthquake and tsunami"
816:
812:
772:
613:
503:
500:
389:
235:
216:
158:
150:
1754:"The Reconstruction of Catania after the Earthquake of 1693"
1588:
Feuillet, N.; Cocco M.; Musumeci C. & Nostro C. (2006).
1118:
1038:
907:
USGS: "1693 01 11 – Sicily, Italy – M 7.5 Fatalities 60,000"
827:
Late Baroque Towns of the Val di Noto (South-Eastern Sicily)
748:
building which was built in 1696–1705 to replace it (bottom)
1374:
Billi, A.; Minelli L.; Orecchio B. & Presti D. (2010).
573:
401:
334:. Faults in the Calabrian segment were responsible for the
1433:"Spanish sources concerning the 1693 earthquake in Sicily"
1069:"Spanish sources concerning the 1693 earthquake in Sicily"
880:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
646:
recorded 93,000 deaths, in his catalogue of earthquakes.
496:
1650:
The Genesis of Noto: An Eighteenth-century Sicilian City
384:. Intensities of VIII or higher have been estimated for
932:. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information.
1667:
1526:. Società Geologica Italiana: 159–162. Archived from
1452:
List of aftershocks 1693–1694 from the AGS documents.
1430:
1066:
620:
the plains just south of Catania. In the same area,
141:
The exact location of the epicentre remains uncertain
691:, the Duke of Camastra, and the Prince of Aragon as
744:which was damaged in the earthquake (top) and the
2091:
1689:
1471:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
1389:(6). Seismological Society of America: 907–915.
506:data was sampled with a 6.7 metres (22 ft)
265:. Almost two-thirds of the entire population of
288:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
1199:
627:At Augusta the tsunami damaged galleys of the
46:
1782:
357:
1695:
1673:
1209:Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
1167:
1165:
1062:
1060:
1058:
671:Sicily was at the time ruled as part of the
1642:
1640:
1504:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
869:
867:
865:
863:
819:. Many of these towns now form part of the
522:
1789:
1775:
1751:
1114:
1112:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
25:
1620:
1358:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1228:
1162:
1087:
1055:
996:
891:
873:
579:
562:Ruins of the Norman castle in Noto Antica
96:
1796:
1646:
1637:
1581:
1431:RodrĂguez de la Torre, Fernando (1995).
1272:
860:
653:
566:
557:
546:
361:
1545:
1455:
1109:
1005:
900:
434:
2092:
1717:
1711:
1307:
1237:
923:
921:
374:
1770:
1367:
978:
1752:Condorelli, Stefano (January 2006).
1724:. Casa Editrice Bonechi. p. 9.
930:"Significant Earthquake Information"
918:
775:, a style that has become known as
299:Sicily lies on part of the complex
294:
13:
1067:RodrĂguez de la Torre, F. (1995).
14:
2166:
1597:Geophysical Journal International
1334:Geophysical Journal International
1200:Piatanesi, A.; Tinti, S. (1998).
707:
1622:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02824.x
1360:10.1046/j.1365-246X.1999.00942.x
733:
722:
45:
38:
1745:
1424:
223:, then a territory part of the
165:
1383:Seismological Research Letters
1193:
972:
844:List of historical earthquakes
280:homogeneous late Baroque style
1:
2150:1693 in the Kingdom of Sicily
854:
197:A magnitude 6.2 on 9 January
1575:10.1016/j.margeo.2011.01.002
1128:Geophysical Research Letters
839:List of earthquakes in Italy
649:
7:
1520:Rend. Online SGI Note Brevi
1301:10.1016/j.tecto.2007.05.008
832:
666:
473:Archivo General de Simancas
10:
2171:
2135:Natural disasters in Malta
2069:January 2017 Central Italy
2064:October 2016 Central Italy
1605:Royal Astronomical Society
1343:Royal Astronomical Society
1287:(1–4). Elsevier: 177–192.
849:Sicilian Baroque from 1693
711:
662:style after the earthquake
479:
471:Historic documents in the
358:Earthquake characteristics
336:1783 Calabrian earthquakes
2059:August 2016 Central Italy
2036:
1945:
1804:
542:
519:and the 1693 earthquake.
215:struck parts of southern
201:
193:
185:
164:
145:
106:
90:
82:
74:
59:
33:
24:
16:1693 earthquake in Sicily
687:, reacted by appointing
523:Link to eruption of Etna
382:Mercalli intensity scale
252:Mercalli intensity scale
1887:1694 Irpinia–Basilicata
1721:Art and History: Sicily
1561:(1–4). Elsevier: 1–13.
533:Coulomb stress transfer
517:1908 Messina earthquake
2145:1693 natural disasters
2028:1997 Umbria and Marche
1403:10.1785/gssrl.81.6.907
960:Cite journal requires
893:10.1098/rstl.1694.0001
874:Bonajutus, V. (1694).
663:
563:
555:
371:
244:moment magnitude scale
213:1693 Sicily earthquake
20:1693 Sicily earthquake
2140:17th-century tsunamis
2130:Earthquakes in Europe
1647:Tobriner, S. (1982).
712:Further information:
698:Carlos de Grunenbergh
657:
561:
550:
368:Siculo-Calabrian rift
365:
324:Siculo-Calabrian rift
2100:Earthquakes in Italy
1798:Earthquakes in Italy
1148:10.1029/2005GL025442
1102:at the time reports
985:Annals of Geophysics
580:11 January mainshock
435:11 January mainshock
328:extensional faulting
2120:Disasters in Sicily
2054:2012 Northern Italy
1718:Valdes, G. (2003).
1613:2006GeoJI.164..697F
1567:2011MGeol.281....1S
1483:2008BuSSA..98.2795G
1440:Annali di Geofisica
1412:on 25 February 2012
1395:2010SeiRL..81..907B
1351:1999GeoJI.139..370B
1293:2008Tectp.453..177C
1258:World Heritage List
1221:1998JGR...103.2749P
1187:2007AGUFM.S53A1019A
1140:2006GeoRL..33.8309G
1076:Annali di Geofisica
824:World Heritage Site
567:9 January foreshock
375:9 January foreshock
366:Main faults of the
326:zone. This zone of
301:convergent boundary
124: /
21:
2115:Geography of Malta
1842:1456 Central Italy
1696:Siracusa-sicilia.
1674:Siracusa-sicilia.
1491:10.1785/0120070192
979:Galea, P. (2007).
912:2010-07-28 at the
742:cathedral of Mdina
664:
564:
556:
372:
263:Straits of Messina
19:
2110:1690s earthquakes
2087:
2086:
1932:1883 Casamicciola
1731:978-88-476-0756-9
1660:978-0-520-03526-3
1230:10.1029/97JB03403
1215:(B2): 2749–2758.
1100:Viceroy of Sicily
797:Palazzolo Acreide
269:were killed. The
209:
208:
2162:
2125:Sicilian Baroque
1791:
1784:
1777:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1761:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1644:
1635:
1634:
1624:
1594:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1532:
1517:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1477:(6): 2795–2805.
1468:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1437:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1411:
1405:. Archived from
1380:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1324:
1305:
1304:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1246:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1206:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1169:
1160:
1159:
1125:
1116:
1107:
1106:(August 4, 1695)
1093:
1091:
1073:
1064:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1036:
1003:
1002:
1000:
976:
970:
969:
963:
958:
956:
948:
946:
944:
938:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
925:
916:
904:
898:
897:
895:
871:
777:Sicilian Baroque
762:Ragusa Superiore
737:
726:
714:Vincenzo Sinatra
660:Sicilian Baroque
629:Knights of Malta
529:eruption of 1669
493:Tsunami deposits
332:Hyblaean Plateau
295:Tectonic setting
181:
179:
167:
139:
138:
136:
135:
134:
129:
125:
122:
121:
120:
117:
101:
70:
68:
49:
48:
42:
29:
22:
18:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2032:
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1988:1930 Senigallia
1978:1920 Garfagnana
1941:
1922:1857 Basilicata
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1281:Tectonophysics
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991:(6): 725–740.
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962:|journal=
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709:
708:Reconstruction
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693:Vicars General
689:Giuseppe Lanza
677:Kings of Spain
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886:(207): 2–10.
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343:normal faults
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128:37.3°N 15.1°E
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28:
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2037:21st century
2018:1980 Irpinia
1998:1962 Irpinia
1983:1930 Irpinia
1963:1908 Messina
1946:20th century
1937:1887 Liguria
1907:1743 Salento
1902:1732 Irpinia
1897:1706 Abruzzo
1881:
1857:1627 Gargano
1847:1570 Ferrara
1827:1222 Brescia
1757:
1747:
1735:. Retrieved
1720:
1713:
1701:. Retrieved
1691:
1679:. Retrieved
1669:
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1596:
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1535:. Retrieved
1528:the original
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1494:. Retrieved
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1414:. Retrieved
1407:the original
1386:
1382:
1369:
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1274:
1262:. Retrieved
1257:
1212:
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1174:
1131:
1127:
1103:
1098:the Spanish
1082:(5–6): 526.
1079:
1075:
1045:. Retrieved
988:
984:
974:
953:cite journal
941:. Retrieved
902:
883:
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826:
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583:
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512:foraminifera
508:gravity core
491:
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351:half-grabens
340:
311:beneath the
298:
286:
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256:
247:
212:
210:
175:
2079:2018 Molise
2074:2017 Ischia
2044:2002 Molise
2013:1976 Friuli
2003:1968 Belice
1973:1916 Rimini
1927:1873 Alpago
1917:1805 Molise
1882:1693 Sicily
1877:1688 Sannio
1837:1348 Friuli
1832:1343 Naples
1822:1169 Sicily
1817:1117 Verona
1737:22 November
1703:20 November
1681:20 November
1607:: 697–718.
1537:21 November
1496:20 November
1446:(5–6): 531.
1416:20 November
1345:: 370–394.
1264:22 November
793:Caltagirone
758:Ragusa Ibla
535:due to the
410:Francofonte
402:Noto Antica
276:Val di Noto
261:and in the
131: /
2155:Mount Etna
2094:Categories
1812:62 Pompeii
1805:Historical
1047:16 January
1043:. INGV-SGA
855:References
347:Quaternary
338:sequence.
320:Mount Etna
309:subducting
303:where the
259:Ionian Sea
202:Casualties
194:Foreshocks
153:, notably
133:37.3; 15.1
67:1693-01-11
1631:131262844
650:Aftermath
602:Agrigento
271:epicentre
250:) on the
240:foreshock
168:intensity
149:Southern
107:Epicenter
91:Magnitude
86:4 minutes
1450:Table I.
1260:. UNESCO
1156:32098099
943:30 March
910:Archived
833:See also
781:Syracuse
667:Response
594:Syracuse
458:Occhiola
450:Floridia
394:Floridia
232:Calabria
174:MMI XI (
83:Duration
1676:"Avola"
1609:Bibcode
1563:Bibcode
1479:Bibcode
1391:Bibcode
1347:Bibcode
1289:Bibcode
1217:Bibcode
1183:Bibcode
1136:Bibcode
789:Catania
746:Baroque
681:Viceroy
675:by the
636:Catania
606:Palermo
598:Messina
586:Catania
553:Catania
487:Mascali
480:Tsunami
462:Sortino
454:Melilli
446:Buscemi
442:Extreme
426:Vizzini
422:Sortino
414:Lentini
406:Catania
398:Melilli
386:Augusta
278:, in a
267:Catania
248:Extreme
227:by the
186:Tsunami
176:Extreme
119:15°06′E
116:37°18′N
65: (
1728:
1657:
1629:
1154:
821:UNESCO
809:Scicli
805:Comiso
801:Modica
785:Ragusa
769:Sicily
679:. The
644:Mallet
640:Modica
590:Ragusa
543:Damage
418:Scicli
234:, and
221:Sicily
157:, and
155:Sicily
1627:S2CID
1593:(PDF)
1531:(PDF)
1516:(PDF)
1467:(PDF)
1436:(PDF)
1410:(PDF)
1379:(PDF)
1205:(PDF)
1152:S2CID
1124:(PDF)
1072:(PDF)
817:Malta
813:Mdina
773:Malta
614:Malta
504:sonar
501:chirp
236:Malta
219:near
217:Italy
159:Malta
151:Italy
78:21:00
1739:2011
1726:ISBN
1705:2011
1683:2011
1655:ISBN
1539:2011
1498:2011
1418:2011
1266:2011
1049:2020
966:help
945:2022
811:and
771:and
612:and
592:and
574:Noto
537:dyke
460:and
424:and
370:zone
211:The
166:Max.
94:7.4
1617:doi
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