208:
323:
rimfire to centerfire and vice versa, which could be done by the shooter in the field provided he or she carried the replacement parts. The advantage of the centerfire cartridge was that spent cases could be reloaded, making centerfire ammunition significantly cheaper to use than rimfire ammunition, so the 12.17×44mmR also saw extensive use in
Swedish paramilitary service, being used by Frivilliga Skarpskytterörelsen ("The Volunteer Sharpshooter Movement"), a voluntary paramilitary organization patterned on the British
217:
225:
57:
292:) weighing 24 g (370 gr). The muzzle velocity fired through a 955mm (37.6 in) rifle barrel was 386 m/s (1,266 ft/s), with a muzzle energy of 1,788 J (1,319 ft/lbf). Fired through a 460mm (18.11 in) carbine barrel the muzzle velocity was 340 m/s (1,115 ft/s), with a muzzle energy of 1,387 J (1,023 ft/lbf).
322:
cartridge case with the same dimensions as the 12.17×44mm RF, was introduced during the 1870s in both Sweden and Norway. The centerfire cartridge could be fired from both
Swedish and Norwegian M1867 military Remington rolling-block firearms with only a minor modification, converting the weapon from
285:(actual bore diameter 4.1 Swedish decimal lines or 3.88 Norwegian decimal lines, that is 0.41 Swedish or 0.388 Norwegian inches), had a lead bullet 12.615mm (0.497 in) in diameter, with the diameter of the bore, measured between the lands, being 12.17mm (0.479 inches). It used a copper case.
327:
and training civilians in the use of arms, with the units raised intended as local defense units (the first such volunteer "sharpshooter" units were raised in
Stockholm in 1860, with the total number of active members throughout Sweden reaching 40,000 in 1865; volunteer "sharpshooter" units were
211:
Model 1867 Remington rolling block chambered for the 12.17×42mm RF. The picture is of a "gevär m/1867" manufactured in Sweden. Apart from minor external details M1867 rifles made in Norway were identical to those made in
302:
There was also a blank round - an ordinary cartridge case loaded with 54 gr (3.50 g) of gunpowder and sealed off with a piece of cardboard or a cork disc.
299:. Later rounds had a pressed lead projectile weighing 6 kvintin (23.4 g/361 gr) and the gunpowder load was increased to 1.05 kvintin (4.09 g/63 gr).
368:
enthusiasts both for competition and hunting. Centerfire 12.17×44mmR cases are available, but a more cost-effective way to acquire cases is to cut
278:, was adopted by the Norwegian armed forces in 1871. But the two cartridges were interchangeable, and could thus be fired from the same weapons.
295:
In
Norwegian service, the standard cartridge used a cast lead projectile weighing 5.85 kvintin (22.8 g/352 gr) and 1 kvintin (3.89 g/60 gr) of
687:
237:
78:
328:
armed with military M1867 rifles modified to use the 12.17×44mmR centerfire cartridge, and wore military-style uniforms).
207:
568:
626:
672:
657:
444:
416:
324:
248:
they were considering, and was adopted by the armed forces of both Sweden and Norway in 1867. It was used in the
245:
271:
rifles of various models were also converted to rolling block rifles, chambered for the new standard round.
692:
360:
Many
Remington Rolling Blocks were converted to use the centerfire 12.17×44mmR cartridge or rebuilt to
352:
is also known as "12×44R Swedish
Remington", ".50 Swedish/Norwegian Remington" and "12.7×44R".
252:
rifles adopted as new standard rifles by the armed forces of Sweden and Norway the same year.
469:
8:
517:
541:
386:
216:
22:
668:
653:
622:
241:
346:
is also known as "12×44RF Norwegian
Remington Model 1871" and "12.7×44RF Norwegian".
340:
is also known as "12,17mm patron m/1867" and "12×42RF Swedish
Remington Model 1867".
61:
12.17×42mm RF (12,17mm patron m/1867) from the collection of Armémuseum, Stockholm
381:
288:
In
Swedish service, the standard cartridge used a lead projectile (shaped like a
249:
39:
619:
From Musket to
Metallic Cartridge: A Practical History of Black Powder Firearms
260:
256:
572:
681:
493:
594:"421-422 (Nordisk familjebok / 1800-talsutgåvan. 5. Folkvisor - Grimnesmål)"
289:
365:
228:
Dimensional drawing of 12.17×44mm RF, Norwegian rimfire military cartridge
42:
rolling block rifle, which became the standard firearm for both countries.
392:
369:
282:
268:
311:
593:
448:
420:
56:
296:
202:
38:
in 1867 and 1871, respectively. They were primarily chambered in the
224:
361:
26:
and its slightly longer but still intercchangeable variant, the
97:
93:
35:
31:
643:
Die leichten schwedischen Infanteriegewehre Armee und Heimwehr
319:
364:. Many of these guns still exist and are still used by
30:, are rifle cartridges adopted by the armed forces of
255:Many thousands of older 12-mm rifles, both Swedish
240:arms commission quite likely based on the American
417:"12 x 42 RF Swedish Remington 1867 / MUNICION.ORG"
203:12.17×42mm RF and its subvariety the 12.17×44mm RF
679:
645:. Journal-Verlag Schwendt GmbH. Page 17 and 18.
470:"1867 & 1868 Swedish Remington Conversions"
372:cases down to 44mm (1.732 in) total length.
445:"12x44 RF Remington Noruego / MUNICION.ORG"
55:
494:"M1855/67 & M1860-67 Lund (12.7x44R)"
305:
223:
220:12.17×44mmR, rimmed centerfire cartridge
215:
206:
439:
437:
411:
409:
274:A lengthened version of the round, the
236:rimfire round was developed by a joint
680:
563:
561:
621:. Crowood Press, 2013, pp. 134–138.
434:
406:
331:
281:The cartridge, nominally known as 4
79:United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
558:
13:
635:
569:"12x44 R Rem Sueco / MUNICION.ORG"
14:
704:
650:Norske Militærgeværer etter 1867
244:which was already tested in the
611:
586:
534:
510:
486:
462:
314:version of the cartridge, the
246:Remington Rolling Block rifles
196:In Service; 3.89 or 4.09 Grams
1:
399:
7:
688:Pistol and rifle cartridges
648:Hanevik, Karl Egil (1998).
375:
49:12.17×42mm RF/12.17×44mm RF
10:
709:
660:. Chapter 1 and appendix A
665:Vakre Våpen - Svart Krutt
641:Schinke, Carsten (1990).
192:
184:
176:
166:
156:
146:
136:
126:
116:
108:
103:
89:
84:
75:Place of origin
74:
66:
54:
47:
663:Flatnes, Øyvind (2005).
355:
310:A civilian/paramilitary
172:12.17×44mm RF - 57.38 mm
170:12.17×42mm RF - 51.78 mm
142:12.17×44mm RF - 16.00 mm
140:12.17×42mm RF - 15.94 mm
132:12.17×44mm RF - 14.00 mm
130:12.17×42mm RF - 13.93 mm
122:12.17×44mm RF - 13.46 mm
120:12.17×42mm RF - 13.44 mm
160:12.17×42mm RF - 41.2 mm
152:12.17×44mm RF - 2.08 mm
150:12.17×42mm RF - 1.68 mm
16:Rimfire rifle cartridge
306:12.17×44mmR centerfire
229:
221:
213:
667:. Landbruksforlaget.
227:
219:
210:
162:12.17×44mm RF - 44 mm
112:.497 inches\12.615 mm
109:Bullet diameter
167:Overall length
693:Rimfire cartridges
600:(in Swedish). 1882
498:MilitaryRifles.com
474:MilitaryRifles.com
230:
222:
214:
147:Rim thickness
127:Base diameter
117:Neck diameter
28:12.17×44mm rimfire
652:. Hanevik Våpen.
617:Flatnes, Oyvind.
546:digitaltmuseum.se
522:digitaltmuseum.se
518:"Gevär m/1867-74"
332:Alternative names
242:.50-70 Government
238:Swedish-Norwegian
200:
199:
137:Rim diameter
700:
629:
615:
609:
608:
606:
605:
590:
584:
583:
581:
580:
571:. Archived from
565:
556:
555:
553:
552:
538:
532:
531:
529:
528:
514:
508:
507:
505:
504:
490:
484:
483:
481:
480:
466:
460:
459:
457:
456:
447:. Archived from
441:
432:
431:
429:
428:
419:. Archived from
413:
177:Primer type
157:Case length
59:
50:
45:
44:
708:
707:
703:
702:
701:
699:
698:
697:
678:
677:
638:
636:Further reading
633:
632:
616:
612:
603:
601:
592:
591:
587:
578:
576:
567:
566:
559:
550:
548:
542:"Karbin m/1870"
540:
539:
535:
526:
524:
516:
515:
511:
502:
500:
492:
491:
487:
478:
476:
468:
467:
463:
454:
452:
443:
442:
435:
426:
424:
415:
414:
407:
402:
382:Remington M1867
378:
358:
347:
341:
334:
325:Volunteer Force
308:
259:Model 1860 and
250:M1867 Remington
205:
171:
161:
151:
141:
131:
121:
96:
85:Service history
62:
48:
40:Remington M1867
17:
12:
11:
5:
706:
696:
695:
690:
676:
675:
661:
646:
637:
634:
631:
630:
627:978-1847975935
610:
585:
557:
533:
509:
485:
461:
433:
404:
403:
401:
398:
397:
396:
389:
387:Krag–Petersson
384:
377:
374:
357:
354:
333:
330:
307:
304:
267:and Norwegian
261:breech-loading
257:muzzle-loading
204:
201:
198:
197:
194:
193:Filling weight
190:
189:
186:
182:
181:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
110:
106:
105:
104:Specifications
101:
100:
91:
87:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
60:
52:
51:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
705:
694:
691:
689:
686:
685:
683:
674:
673:82-529-2940-0
670:
666:
662:
659:
658:82-993143-1-3
655:
651:
647:
644:
640:
639:
628:
624:
620:
614:
599:
595:
589:
575:on 2012-04-26
574:
570:
564:
562:
547:
543:
537:
523:
519:
513:
499:
495:
489:
475:
471:
465:
451:on 2018-10-05
450:
446:
440:
438:
423:on 2012-04-26
422:
418:
412:
410:
405:
395:
394:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
379:
373:
371:
367:
363:
353:
351:
345:
344:12.17×44mm RF
339:
338:12.17×42mm RF
329:
326:
321:
317:
313:
303:
300:
298:
293:
291:
286:
284:
279:
277:
276:12.17×44mm RF
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
234:12.17×42mm RF
226:
218:
209:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
169:
165:
159:
155:
149:
145:
139:
135:
129:
125:
119:
115:
111:
107:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
83:
80:
77:
73:
69:
65:
58:
53:
46:
43:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
24:
664:
649:
642:
618:
613:
602:. Retrieved
598:runeberg.org
597:
588:
577:. Retrieved
573:the original
549:. Retrieved
545:
536:
525:. Retrieved
521:
512:
501:. Retrieved
497:
488:
477:. Retrieved
473:
464:
453:. Retrieved
449:the original
425:. Retrieved
421:the original
391:
366:black-powder
359:
350:12.17×44mm R
349:
343:
337:
335:
315:
309:
301:
294:
287:
280:
275:
273:
264:
254:
233:
231:
188:Black Powder
27:
20:
18:
393:Kammerlader
370:.50 Alaskan
316:12.17×44mmR
269:Kammerlader
263:Model 1864
21:12.17×42mm
682:Categories
604:2020-10-22
579:2011-12-17
551:2020-10-22
527:2020-10-22
503:2024-08-30
479:2024-08-30
455:2019-01-13
427:2011-12-14
400:References
312:centerfire
290:Minié ball
297:gunpowder
376:See also
362:shotguns
318:using a
265:Hagström
283:Linjers
212:Sweden.
185:Filling
180:Rimfire
90:Used by
23:rimfire
671:
656:
625:
98:Norway
94:Sweden
36:Norway
32:Sweden
356:Today
320:brass
70:Rifle
669:ISBN
654:ISBN
623:ISBN
348:The
342:The
336:The
232:The
67:Type
34:and
19:The
684::
596:.
560:^
544:.
520:.
496:.
472:.
436:^
408:^
607:.
582:.
554:.
530:.
506:.
482:.
458:.
430:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
