2418:
102:
2548:
2367:
2446:
2514:
2406:
2394:
2531:
2497:
2565:
2480:
2463:
162:) to Pope Clement, and to the cardinals and the senators of Rome, requesting his coronation and promising that he would in all matters preserve unharmed the laws and dignities of the Roman people. Henry intended to march into south Italy and claim the kingdom of William II of Sicily for his wife and himself, and, since the kingdom of Sicily was a papal fief, Henry needed the active cooperation of the pope.
543:
undoubtedly over the agreement made by Henry VI and
Clement III, that Tusculum would be handed over to the Romans, an abandonment of longstanding papal policy fortified by treaty. The Continuator of Sigebert of Gembloux remarks on both the dissension and the duplicity among the Romans and the cardinals.
1098:
Watterich II, p. 711, note 2: " in sua promotione multas contradictiones tam a
Romanis, quam a cardinalibus sustinuit; tandem cernens regnorum perturbationem et Apuliensium erga se rebellione, pro tempore tam cardinalibus satis fecit, Pape restituens multa quae antecessores eius ecclesiae abstulerat.
556:
After the election, and before King Henry could draw near Rome, the Roman leaders petitioned Pope
Celestine not to anoint and crown Henry emperor until the Pope should obtain agreement from him that the city of Tusculum would be turned over to them. The city had been placed in Pope Clement's custody,
165:
In March 1191, Henry and his army were in
Tuscany. Two cardinals had been sent by the pope to negotiate with him, Petrus Gallocia the Bishop of Porto and Petrus the Cardinal priest of S. Pietro in Vincoli. Before he died, Clement had agreed to the demand of Henry VI for an imperial coronation in Rome
1128:
Arnold of LĂŒbeck "Chronica
Slavorum" IV. 4, in: Watterich II, p. 710: "Cumque approprinquaret romae suscepturus Apostolicam benedictionem, Dominus Apostolicus Clemens mortuus est, pro quo dominus Coelestinus in sede est sublimatus. Qui videns regem cum multa iactantia venisse, ad protelandam eius
572:
On Holy
Saturday, 13 April, Celestine III was proceeding from the Lateran palace to St. Peter's, where he would be consecrated the next day. He came face to face with King Henry and Queen Constanza and an armed group of people. The Romans had closed the gates of the city and were heavily guarding
898:
Cardinal Petrus and
Cardinal Petrus Gallocia of Porto were with King Henry at Castro S. Quirici, near Siena, on 8 March 1191, negotiating with Henry about the fate of Tusculum. He may not have been at the election later in the month: Ina Friedlaender, Die pÀpstlichen Legaten in Deutschland und
666:(Hannover: Hahn 1861), p. 590: "Anno Domini 1191, 13 Kal. Aprilis Clemens papa hominem deposuit. Cui altera die, id est 12 Kal. Aprilis sive in die Sancti Benedicti , Iacintus qui dictus est Celestinus III. successit." Watterich II, p. 707, note 4, explicitly states his agreement with the date.
542:
Ralph of Diceto, Dean of London, indicates that there was dissension among the cardinals: The fear was that it might lead to schism among them, and it was only with that consideration that the senior cardinal deacon, Iacintus, agreed to his election to the papal throne. The disagreement was
370:
the election of March or April 1191, in addition to some or all of the new cardinals, may be derived from a privilege granted by Pope
Clement III to the monastery of CompiĂšgne on 17 February 1191, about five weeks before his death. Eighteen cardinals who subscribed the document were:
180:
The sources do not mention any of the cardinals who elected
Cardinal Giacinto of S. Maria in Cosmedin. A list must be constructed by deduction and inference. The cardinals who subscribed documents for Clement III is far smaller than the total number of cardinals alive at his death.
991:
Cardinal Konrad did not subscribe documents at all for Pope
Clement III (1187â1191), or for Pope Celestine III (from 1191â1197). JaffĂ©, pp. 535-536; 577. He was in Mainz on 1 March 1190, at the imperial diet, where King Henry VI granted him the right to coin money (T. Toeche,
1000:
Vol. 17, p. 798: "rex Moguntinum archiepiscopum et Ditherium cancellarium premittit in Apuliam ad explorandum eventum rerum. sed ortis inter eos simultatibus, Moguntiacus statim revertitur, cancellarius in Novembri redit, omnia facilia captu indicans"). Kartusch, pp.
134:. Pope Clement, according to differing and irreconcilable reports, died in March 1191, in the last third of the month, on the 20th, the 25th, the 26th, the 28th, or perhaps 2 April or 4 April, or 10 April. The election was conducted during the march of
569:) to the king, who firmly proposed to him that, in the light of the previous agreement between the pope and the Romans (at the beginning of Clement's reign), it was necessary for Tusculum to be handed over to the pope by the king.
1108:
The statement, "30 cardinals, of whom 5 were cardinal-bishops, 12 were cardinal-priests, and 13 were cardinal deacons, participated in the election that was held from 25â30 March 1191," is absolutely incorrect. It is derived from
576:
Celestine III (Giacinto Bobone) was ordained a priest on Holy Saturday, 13 April 1191; he was consecrated a bishop and enthroned on Easter Sunday, 14 April 1191. His consecrator was Cardinal Octavianus de Poli, Bishop of Ostia.
2338:
627:
Roger de Hoveden, in: Watterich II, p. 707: "concessit regi Alemannorum quod petebat, salvis dignitatibus et consuetudinibus Romanorum. et statuerunt ei terminum veniendi Romam proximum pascha sequens."
996:(Leipzig 1867), p. 645, no. 72). Henry sent him to southern Italy after Easter, 1 April 1190 to investigate the position of King Tancred; he had returned to Germany ("Annales Colonenses", in:
166:
at Easter. The Roman leaders were not impressed by Clement's promises, since he had promised them at the beginning of his reign that he would hand over Tusculum to them, and had yet to do so.
1319:
489:
565:) on the pope that this was the way to get Tusculum into Roman hands, as the previous agreement had specified. Celestine agreed to their proposal. He immediately sent negotiators (
1080:"Clemente papa tertio rebus humanis exempto, Iacintus, inter diaconos ecclesie Romane primus, ne scisma subitum in Ecclesia Dei consurgeret, se fieri papam vix tandem consensit."
269:
1925:
158:
King Henry crossed into Italy in mid-winter, and was in Bologna by 11 February 1191; on 22 February he was at Lucca, and on the 26th at Pisa. He had sent representatives (
1054:
Melior subscribes for Clement III in 1187 and 1188, but not for Celestine III until 27 December 1191. Jaffé II, pp. 536, 577. Ganzer, pp. 148-149. W. Malaczek (1991),
800:
Goffredus (Roffredus) does not subscribe at all for Pope Clement III, or for Pope Celestine III: Jaffé II, p. 535-536; 577. Kartusch, pp. 146-151. Ganzer, pp. 141-144.
2537:
1071:"Ymagines Historiarum," in: W. Stubbs (ed,), "The Historical Works of Ralph de Diceto, Dean of London", Vol. II (London: Longmans; Macmillan; Black, 1876), p. 89.
1312:
2348:
580:
Thanks to the pact made between Henry VI and Celestine III, the city of Tusculum was attacked by the Romans, and completely destroyed on 17 April 1191.
663:
390:
1941:
1305:
146:. Pressed by the Romans, however, he agreed to negotiate with King Henry about his coronation as emperor and about the possession of the city of
1804:
1788:
1226:
1191:
Die Entwicklung des auswÀrtigen Kardinalats im hohen Mittelalter. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Kardinalkollegiums vom 11.bis 13. Jahrhundert.
2221:
2205:
2173:
2157:
2141:
2125:
380:
2253:
2237:
2189:
877:
1119:, but Chacon (Ciaconius) clearly states, "Cardinales vivi", not "Cardinales participantes". In any case, Ciaconius' list is defective.
150:. Celestine postponed his own consecration in order to buy time to negotiate. He was finally crowned on Easter Sunday, 14 April 1191.
2615:
518:. In August 1190, Adelardus was papal legate in the Holy Land. On 16 July 1191, he and other bishops consecrated the church at Akko.
1897:
738:
Guido was originally Cardinal Deacon S.R.E., but in February 1191 he was cardinal of S. Maria Transtiberim. Kartusch, p. 177-182.
2610:
309:
1114:
Vitae et res gestae Pontificum romanorum et S.R.E. Cardinalium: ab initio nascentis ecclesiae vsque ad Clementem IX P.O.M.
618:
The two Petrus witnessed an imperial charter in Castro S. Quirico, south of Siena, on 8 March 1191: Kartusch, p. 324, 344.
2434:
1918:
279:
1244:
Pontificum Romanorum qui fuerunt inde ab exeunte saeculo IX usque ad finem saeculi XIII vitae: ab aequalibus conscriptae
2605:
1045:
Vol. V (Berlin: Weidmann 1911), p. 428, nos. 4 and 5. Kartusch, pp. 347-355, at p. 350; and 394. Ganzer, pp. 136-137.
202:
2486:
784:
1285:
2590:
958:
493:
2554:
553:
When Pope Celestine saw King Henry approaching, he put off his own consecration in order to postpone Henry's.
1890:
1781:
1585:
1055:
2469:
2090:
2069:
2062:
1985:
1869:
1841:
1820:
1648:
1641:
1620:
1613:
1599:
1564:
1557:
1494:
135:
111:
2214:
1797:
1571:
1487:
1340:
472:
229:
1266:
2384:
2198:
499:
2318:
1848:
358:
At least 18 of Pope Clement's appointees were Italians, and 11 of the appointees were native Romans.
330:
242:
2595:
2370:
2328:
1578:
337:
198:
980:(in Latin and German). Vol. Dritter Band (III). Stuttgart: Kohlhammer. pp. 379, no. 438.
899:
Italien am Ende des XII. Jahrhunderts (1181-1198) (Berlin 1928), pp. 72-73. Kartusch, pp. 324-325.
2600:
1934:
1855:
1328:
462:
422:
Guido, ecclesie Sanctae Marie Trans-Tiberim, olim Fundentis, tituli Calixti presbiter cardinalis.
2308:
286:
216:
2288:
530:
Goffredus (Roffredo) de Insula of Ss. Marcellino e Pietro, Abbot of Montecassino (1188â1210).
515:
407:
344:
235:
223:
209:
54:
1718:
1041:
Petrus was a member of the family of the Diani of Piacenza. "Diana" is incorrect: P. Kehr,
400:
249:
8:
2422:
2410:
2246:
2230:
2182:
2166:
2150:
2134:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2083:
2076:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1911:
1904:
1883:
1876:
1862:
1834:
1827:
1813:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1634:
1627:
1606:
1592:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1508:
1480:
1473:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1375:
1368:
503:
116:
2398:
1220:
376:
143:
87:
74:
1213:
Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita Ecclesia ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII
2520:
609:(Frankfurt am Main: F.Varrentrapp 1831), pp. 147-148. Gregorovius IV. 2, pp. 624-626.
511:
386:
275:
259:
64:
2503:
138:
and his army toward Rome. The 85-year-old Cardinal Giacinto Bobone, a member of the
596:
Jaffé, p. 576. Capitani says cautiously, "tra il 20 marzo e il 10 aprile del 1191".
299:
189:
131:
1279:
1208:
1242:
1112:
975:
425:
Hugo, presbiter cardinalis tituli Sanctorum Silvestri et Martini, tituli Equitii.
265:
1297:
1138:
Roger de Hoveden, cited by Watterich II, pp. 709-710. Gregorovius IV. 2, p. 627.
1347:
320:
809:
Rufinus died before 23 March 1192. Kartusch, pp. 392-393. Ganzer, pp. 146-147.
527:, Cardinal-priest of S. Cecilia, was papal legate in Lombardy until June 1193.
2584:
2278:
547:
313:
292:
139:
1259:
101:
765:
Gregorius was the son of the Count of Monte Carello. Kartusch, pp. 172-174.
607:
Die Urkunden der Römische Könige und Kaiser von Conrad I. bis Heinrich VII.
524:
1178:
Baaken, Katrin (1985). "Zu Wahl, Weihe und Krönung Papst Cölestins III.,"
854:
He is probably the Cardinal priest of S. Anastasia. Kartusch, pp. 384-385.
2298:
502:, Archbishop of Reims, papal legate, uncle and principal advisor of King
2571:
508:
Rogerius, OSB Cas., of S. Eusebio. Archbishop of Benevento (1179â1221).
1262:; California State University Northridge. Retrieved: 27 December 2021.
428:
Johannes, tituli Sancti Stephani in Celio Monte presbiter cardinalis.
2452:
1099:
Qua Romani accepta, in coronatione imperatoris prebuerunt assensum."
2393:
147:
889:
Pandulfus Masca, a native of Lucca or Pisa. Kartusch, pp. 307-310.
416:
Rufinus, tituli sancte Praxedis cardinalis, Ariminensis episcopus.
2405:
684:
Joannes was a jurist. Kartusch, pp. 229-231. Ganzer, pp. 145-146.
449:
Egidius, Sancti Nicholai in carcere Tulliano diaconus cardinalis.
431:
Cinthius, presbiter cardinalis tituli Sancti Laurentii in Lucina.
2339:
De aliquis mutationibus in normis de electione Romani Pontificis
729:
Gregorius de Crescentio Caballi Marmorei. Kartusch, pp. 163-167.
720:
Gregory was the nephew of Celestine III. Kartusch, pp. 154-158.
169:
Clement's latest known dated bull was signed on 20 March 1191.
867:
Tome I (Montdidier : J. Bellin 1904), CXCII, pp. 291-294.
437:
Gregorius, Sancti Georgii ad Velum aureum diaconus cardinalis.
2428:
142:, was chosen after some extreme reluctance. He took the name
413:
Johannes Felix, tituli Sancte Susanne, presbiter cardinalis.
973:
957:, (Wien 1984), pp. 71-73. Tommaso di Carpegna Falconieri,
557:
but the Tusculans had turned to the king and invoked his
533:
Melior of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo, Bishop of Massa Maritima.
440:
Lotharius, Sanctorum Sergii et Bachi diaconus cardinalis.
876:
Giovanni dei Conti di Segni had been Cardinal Priest of
1193:
Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom
1117:
Online: Philippi et Ant. De Rubeis. pp. 1151â1152.
865:
Cartulaire de l' Abbaye de Saint-Corneille de CompiĂšgne
1247:(in Latin). Vol. Tomus II. Leipzig: G. Engelmann.
944:
Gerardus was a native of Lucca. Kartusch, pp. 138-142.
2382:
468:
Gerardus Allucingoli, diaconus cardinalis S. Adriani.
1032:
Ganzer, pp. 137-140, at p. 138. Kartusch, pp. 63-67.
478:
Soffredus, Cardinal Deacon of S. Maria in Via lata.
747:Hugo was a native of Milan. Kartusch, pp. 199-202.
1327:
1184:Deutsches Archiv fĂŒr Erforschung des Mittelalters
434:Bernardus, Sancte Marie Nove diaconus cardinalis.
2582:
1235:Das Kardinalskollegium in der Zeit von 1181â1227
573:them, keeping the imperial party from entering.
649:Vol. I (Göttingen 1931) , pp. 566-567, no. 272.
419:Romanus, Sancte Anastasie presbiter cardinalis.
305:Joannes de Salerno of S. Stefano in Monte Celio
636:Watterich II, p. 707, citing Roger de Hoveden.
396:Petrus, Portuensis et Sancte Rufine epsicopus.
192:(1187â1191) had appointed 25 or 26 cardinals:
1313:
1294:(Treccani 2000). Retrieved: 27 December 2021.
863:Jaffé, p. 576, no. 16671. E. Morel (editor),
1275:(Treccani 2005); retrieved 27 December 2021.
1023:Pars prima (Venice: S. Coleti 1733), p. 399.
446:Gregorius Sancti Angeli diaconus cardinalis.
443:Nicholaus, Sancte Lucie diaconus cardinalis.
1147:Roger de Hoveden, in: Watterich II, p. 711.
1010:Ganzer, pp. 125-129. Kartusch, pp. 424-427.
955:Papst und Kardinalskolleg von 1191 bis 1216
1320:
1306:
1225:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1204:Vol. IV, part 2. London: George Bell 1896.
482:
1240:
998:Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores
458:Albinus, Bishop of Albano, Vicar of Rome.
366:A beginning on the list of cardinals who
172:Pope Clement III died on 20 March 1191.
1062:39 (1991). Retrieved: 30 December 2021.
964:59 (2002). Retrieved: 30 December 2021.
791:23 (1979). Retrieved: 30 December 2021.
153:
2583:
1202:The History of Rome in the Middle Ages
1110:
471:Gratianus de Pisa, Cardinal deacon of
1350:(1274–1276, 1294–present)
1301:
1207:
2435:
1060:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
962:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
789:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
295:(1188â1189; died under Clement III).
974:Julius von Pflugk-Harttung (1886).
521:? Petrus Gallocia, Bishop of Porto.
361:
13:
1215:(in Latin). Vol. II. Leipzig.
308:Goffredus (Roffredo) de Insula of
241:Guido de Papa, cardinal priest of
14:
2627:
1252:
1019:Ganzer, pp. 129-131. E. Gattula,
561:. The Romans vigorously pressed (
2616:12th century in the Papal States
2563:
2546:
2529:
2512:
2495:
2478:
2461:
2444:
2416:
2404:
2392:
2366:
2365:
1197:. TĂŒbingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag.
546:Cardinal Iacintus took the name
399:Pandulfus, presbiter cardinalis
389:(Giovanni dei Conti di Anagni),
347:(died under Clement III ?).
184:
100:
1200:Gregorovius, Ferdinand (1896).
1159:
1150:
1141:
1132:
1122:
1102:
1092:
1089:Gregorovius IV. 2, pp. 625-628.
1083:
1074:
1065:
1048:
1035:
1026:
1013:
1004:
985:
977:Acta ponticum romanorum inedita
967:
947:
938:
929:
920:
911:
902:
892:
883:
870:
857:
848:
839:
830:
821:
812:
803:
794:
777:
768:
759:
750:
741:
732:
723:
714:
705:
696:
687:
1129:consecrationem suam distulit."
1021:Historia Abbatiae Cassiniensis
678:
669:
652:
639:
630:
621:
612:
599:
590:
461:Jacintus, diaconus cardinalis
285:Gregorius de Monte Carello of
130:took place after the death of
16:Election of Pope Celestine III
1:
1329:Papal elections and conclaves
660:Monumenta Germaniae Historica
658:"Annales Ratisponensis", in:
583:
406:Petrus, presbiter cardinalis
401:basilice duodecim Apostolorum
255:Joannes Felix of S. Eustachio
2611:Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor
1241:Watterich, J. B. M. (1862).
645:Walther Holtzmann (editor),
500:Guillaume aux Blanches Mains
329:Gregorius de S. Apostolo of
175:
7:
1341:Papal selection before 1059
1233:Kartusch, Elfriede (1948).
537:
326:Barnardus of S. Maria Nuova
10:
2632:
1172:
1165:Gregorovius IV. 2, p. 628.
488:? Konrad von Wittlesbach,
381:Hostiensis et Velletrensis
350:Nicolaus, cardinal deacon.
2360:
2319:Romano Pontifici eligendo
2265:
1358:
1335:
563:instantissime proponentes
353:Romanus, cardinal deacon.
340:(died under Clement III).
291:Alexius de Arcipetris of
258:Joannes de Malabranca of
243:Santa Maria in Trastevere
108:
99:
85:
80:
70:
60:
50:
45:
38:
33:
23:
2606:12th-century Catholicism
2329:Universi Dominici gregis
1111:Chacon, Alfonso (1677).
982:, dated 7 December 1190.
647:Papsturkunden in England
234:Gregorius de Caballo of
483:Cardinals not attending
408:Sancti Petri ad Vincula
310:Ss. Marcellino e Pietro
298:Jordanus de Ceccano of
2591:12th-century elections
2309:Ingravescentem aetatem
1189:Ganzer, Klaus (1963).
935:Kartusch, pp. 215-220.
917:Kartusch, pp. 384-385.
845:Kartusch, pp. 323-324.
836:Kartusch, pp. 320-321.
827:Kartusch, pp. 159-163.
783:Volkert Pfaff (1979),
756:Kartusch, pp. 344-346.
711:Kartusch, pp. 112-117.
250:S. Silvestro e Martino
230:S. Angelo in Pescheria
217:San Giorgio in Velabro
208:Aegidius Pierleoni of
203:Viterbo and Tuscanella
2289:Aeterni Patris Filius
1898:OctoberâDecember 1590
1292:Enciclopedia dei Papi
1237:. Wien: Max Niemeyer.
785:"Giordano da Ceccano"
702:Kartusch, pp. 104-105
664:Scriptorum Tomus XVII
514:, Cardinal Priest of
463:S. Mariae in Cosmedin
345:San Lorenzo in Damaso
287:S. Giorgio in Velabro
236:Santa Maria in Aquiro
55:Conrad of Wittelsbach
953:W. Maleczek (1984),
926:Kartusch, pp. 79-82.
908:Ganzer, pp. 146-147.
818:Kartusch, pp. 95-99.
774:Kartusch, pp. 84-86.
693:Kartusch, pp. 74-75.
675:Kartusch, pp. 46-47.
224:S. Lorenzo in Lucina
210:S. Nicola in Carcere
154:Death of Clement III
2431:1191 papal election
1278:Miranda, Salvador.
1265:Capitani, Ottavio.
1186:41 (1985), 203-211.
959:"Graziano da Pisa,"
512:Adelardus Cattaneus
504:Philip II of France
494:Archbishop of Mainz
473:Ss. Cosma e Damiano
331:S. Maria in Porticu
323:, Bishop of Rimini.
280:Ss. Sergio e Baccho
128:1191 papal election
1258:Adams, John Paul.
994:Kaiser Heinrich VI
34:Dates and location
2380:
2379:
1260:Sede Vacante 1191
1043:Italia Pontificia
410:, tituli Eudoxie.
387:Joannes Anagninus
368:may have attended
248:Hugo Pirovano of
124:
123:
29:
2623:
2576:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2559:
2558:from Wikiversity
2551:
2550:
2549:
2542:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2525:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2508:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2491:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2474:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2457:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2437:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2409:
2408:
2397:
2396:
2388:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2353:
2349:Normas nonnullas
2343:
2333:
2323:
2313:
2303:
2293:
2283:
2256:
2249:
2240:
2233:
2224:
2217:
2208:
2201:
2192:
2185:
2176:
2169:
2160:
2153:
2144:
2137:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
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1919:MarchâApril 1605
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1290:
1286:"Celestino III."
1284:Pfaff, Volkert.
1280:Election details
1271:
1267:"Celestino III."
1248:
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1196:
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362:Likely attendees
300:Santa Pudenziana
190:Pope Clement III
132:Pope Clement III
104:
28:
21:
20:
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2596:Papal elections
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2436:sister projects
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364:
356:
276:Lothar di Segni
266:Petrus Gallocia
187:
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156:
120:
114:
91:
88:Giacinto Bobone
75:Giacinto Bobone
40:
27:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2629:
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2601:1191 in Europe
2598:
2593:
2578:
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2543:
2541:from Wikibooks
2526:
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2507:from Wikiquote
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2073:
2066:
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2052:
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2038:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1891:September 1590
1887:
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1852:
1845:
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1782:September 1503
1778:
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1586:September 1276
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1400:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1364:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1348:Papal conclave
1344:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1325:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1282:
1276:
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1254:
1253:External links
1251:
1250:
1249:
1238:
1231:
1209:Jaffé, Philipp
1205:
1198:
1187:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1158:
1156:Jaffé, p. 578.
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629:
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605:J. F. Böhmer,
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321:Santa Prassede
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65:Cencio Savelli
62:
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57:
52:
48:
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43:
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36:
35:
31:
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24:Papal election
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2628:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
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2589:
2588:
2586:
2575:from Wikidata
2574:
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2557:
2556:
2544:
2540:
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2527:
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2490:from Wikinews
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2279:Ubi periculum
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2018:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1994:
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1980:
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1962:
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1499:
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1495:December 1187
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1359:Elections and
1357:
1349:
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1334:
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681:
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615:
608:
602:
593:
589:
581:
578:
574:
570:
568:
564:
560:
554:
551:
549:
548:Celestine III
544:
532:
529:
526:
525:Petrus Dianus
523:
520:
517:
513:
510:
507:
505:
501:
498:
495:
491:
487:
486:
477:
474:
470:
467:
464:
460:
457:
456:
455:
454:In addition,
448:
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293:Santa Susanna
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185:New cardinals
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144:Celestine III
141:
140:Orsini family
137:
136:King Henry VI
133:
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118:
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112:December 1187
107:
103:
98:
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94:Celestine III
90:
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84:
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73:
69:
66:
63:
59:
56:
53:
49:
46:Key officials
44:
39:21 March 1191
37:
32:
22:
19:
2570:
2553:
2536:
2519:
2502:
2485:
2473:from Commons
2468:
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2423:Vatican City
2411:Christianity
2347:
2337:
2327:
2317:
2307:
2297:
2287:
2277:
2215:October 1978
1798:October 1503
1572:January 1276
1501:
1488:October 1187
1291:
1289:(in Italian)
1272:
1270:(in Italian)
1243:
1234:
1212:
1201:
1190:
1183:
1161:
1152:
1143:
1134:
1124:
1113:
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1067:
1059:
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1042:
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997:
993:
987:
976:
969:
961:
954:
949:
940:
931:
922:
913:
904:
894:
885:
880:(1167-1190).
872:
864:
859:
850:
841:
832:
823:
814:
805:
796:
788:
779:
770:
761:
752:
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566:
562:
558:
555:
552:
545:
541:
453:
367:
365:
357:
316:(1188â1210).
314:Montecassino
222:Cinthius of
201:, Bishop of
199:San Clemente
188:
179:
171:
168:
164:
159:
157:
127:
125:
93:
92:Name taken:
86:
81:Elected pope
18:
2453:Definitions
2399:Catholicism
2299:Cum proxime
2199:August 1978
1273:Federiciana
1195:(in German)
1180:(in German)
516:S. Marcello
391:Prenestinus
338:S. Clemente
319:Rufinus of
312:, Abbot of
219:(died 1189)
197:Joannes of
71:Protodeacon
2585:Categories
2504:Quotations
2270:(selected)
1849:April 1555
584:References
559:patrocinia
393:episcopus.
383:episcopus.
377:Octavianus
343:Petrus of
336:Petrus of
260:S. Teodoro
61:Camerlengo
2555:Resources
2538:Textbooks
2268:documents
2266:Governing
2091:1830â1831
2070:1799â1800
2063:1774â1775
1986:1669â1670
1870:1565â1566
1842:1549â1550
1821:1521â1522
1649:1314â1316
1642:1304â1305
1621:1292â1294
1614:1287â1288
1600:1280â1281
1579:July 1276
1565:1268â1271
1558:1264â1265
1361:conclaves
1221:cite book
176:Cardinals
2371:Category
2254:electors
2238:electors
2222:electors
2206:electors
2190:electors
2174:electors
2158:electors
2142:electors
2126:electors
1942:electors
1935:May 1605
1926:electors
1856:May 1555
1805:electors
1789:electors
1211:(1888).
1001:127-133.
878:S. Marco
538:Election
215:Bobo of
148:Tusculum
2385:Portals
1173:Sources
567:nuntios
160:nuntios
119: â
110:â
2352:(2013)
2342:(2007)
2332:(1996)
2322:(1975)
2312:(1970)
2302:(1922)
2292:(1621)
2282:(1274)
2521:Texts
2470:Media
270:Porto
2572:Data
2487:News
2247:2013
2231:2005
2183:1963
2167:1958
2151:1939
2135:1922
2119:1914
2112:1903
2105:1878
2098:1846
2084:1829
2077:1823
2056:1769
2049:1758
2042:1740
2035:1730
2028:1724
2021:1721
2014:1700
2007:1691
2000:1689
1993:1676
1979:1667
1972:1655
1965:1644
1958:1623
1951:1621
1912:1592
1905:1591
1884:1585
1877:1572
1863:1559
1835:1534
1828:1523
1814:1513
1775:1492
1768:1484
1761:1471
1754:1464
1747:1458
1740:1455
1733:1447
1726:1431
1719:1417
1712:1406
1705:1404
1698:1389
1691:1378
1684:1370
1677:1362
1670:1352
1663:1342
1656:1334
1635:1303
1628:1294
1607:1285
1593:1277
1551:1261
1544:1254
1537:1243
1530:1241
1523:1227
1516:1216
1509:1198
1502:1191
1481:1185
1474:1181
1467:1159
1460:1154
1453:1153
1446:1145
1439:1144
1432:1143
1425:1130
1418:1124
1411:1119
1404:1118
1397:1099
1390:1088
1383:1086
1376:1073
1369:1061
1227:link
1182:In:
1058:in:
492:and
126:The
117:1198
51:Dean
41:Rome
26:1191
278:of
268:of
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