2012–2015 unrest in Romania

1213: 1101:, regarding removal from office of President of the Senate and President of the Chamber of Deputies. On 20 July, USL laid down, at the Office of the High Court of Cassation and Justice, a penal complaint against suspended President Traian Băsescu and other 14 people, for "spreading false information, for defamation of the country and the nation and for endangering safety of the national economy and currency stability", given that Băsescu cataloged the events as a "coup d'état". In the following days, Crin Antonescu cut Băsescu's special phone line, after the Senate's Defence Committee found out that the Special Telecommunication Agency illegally deployed the secret phone line at Băsescu's office. Băsescu accused USL of dismantling all national security institutions and cataloged them as "a gang of traitors". 1158: 1290:, one of the largest chemical companies in Romania. The company recorded losses of €90.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2011, thus ending the year with a negative result of 270 million lei. The company's leadership was forced to reduce expenses and liabilities, even without announcing employees. The deplorable situation of the company triggered mass unrest, also fueled by several failed attempts to privatize the plant. Protests took place throughout the year, one of the largest being organized on 28 March, when nearly 1,500 employees refused to start work and blocked the traffic on national road DN64. The unrest escalated with the storming of company's headquarters on 4 July, while in the subsequent months, some employees launched a 1167: 1055: 1017: 971:, the largest protest took place on 19 January, when up to 20,000 people expressed their disagreements with Băsescu regime. Several days, Bucharest faced widespread rioting and acts of vandalism. Thousands of policemen and gendarmes were deployed on the streets to confront angry demonstrators that stoned the vehicles of the law enforcers, vandalized shops and burned cars. Riot police used tear gas and flares to repel demonstrators who blocked traffic in the center of Bucharest. According to the Gendarmerie, destructions were caused by football ultras infiltrated among peaceful demonstrators. During these days of turmoil, several protesters entered the 2476: 1749:, in sign of protest against new Penal Code. The next day, a similar protest took place in Bucharest and was attended by more than 2,000 people. Unlike the previous, this was more violent. A large number of police forces were deployed on the spot. They formed cordons to prevent protesters moving towards the Government headquarters. Angry crowd broke the cordons, and gendarmes used tear gas to avoid blocking traffic. After the altercations, four protesters were seized by gendarmes and taken to the police station. They were questioned and fined for disturbing public peace and order. One of the protesters was transported to the 1082:, restoring them to the 2010 status. Likewise, USL leaders Victor Ponta and Crin Antonescu started procedures to dismiss President Traian Băsescu. These measures irritated the international politicians which expressed concerns over the state of democracy and the rule of law in Romania. On 6 July, Băsescu was suspended after the impeachment motion filed by the ruling coalition passed the Parliament's vote. The motion passed with 256 votes, 39 more than the minimum required. USL leaders argued their action by saying that President Traian Băsescu has breached the Constitution and overstepped his authority. 2450:, the Premier decided to move his office to the Ministry of National Defence, with "military security". Victor Ponta vehemently denied his involvement in this case, claiming that this scandal is only a frame-up. Journalists criticized the stultification of the scandal involving Prime Minister Victor Ponta, accusing him that he tries to move the discussion from concrete facts reported by DNA prosecutors in the plan of political conflict with Traian Băsescu and "press staging". Victor Ponta's movement from the Victoria Palace to the Ministry of Defence was also criticized by PNL President 952: 7123: 2415:, respectively. In April 2014, conflict between the two has deepened and escalated to threats of imprisonment from both of them. President Traian Băsescu said that if Victor Ponta will try to interfere in the justice risks ending up in the hands of prosecutors, who will not tolerate that. He also stated that Ponta is deeply corrupt, and his election as president would be a great drama for Romania. In reply, Victor Ponta stated: "(...) I am absolutely convinced that Traian Băsescu will go to jail. I, who know that I have always respected the law, I have no fear". 7441: 1945: 1587: 1142: 1606:, a mining project aimed to bring to the surface 350 tonnes of gold and 1,500 tonnes of silver, met a significant resistance from environmental groups in Romania and neighbouring countries. Among the dissatisfactions of environmentalists are the pollution by cyanidation and the extremely low percentage of which Romania will benefit from this exploitation. A concern was the fact that the legislation would give the Roșia Montană Gold Corporation the right to give compulsory purchase orders to the residents of 1877: 25: 1898: 1844: 67: 1615: 1500: 919: 901: 883: 760:. More than 30% of the population lives on less than $ 5 per day. In a report conducted by the Presidential Commission for the Analysis of Social and Demographic Risks is specified that there are visible discrepancies between social strata, privileged groups benefiting of higher wages and pensions in comparison with the rest of the population. Bankruptcy of many companies thickens the unemployment rate, in July 2013 reaching the value of 7.6%, highest since onset of the 1278:. Protesters shouted messages against CCR decision to invalidate the referendum and asked Traian Băsescu to resign. Likewise, many people have come up with anti-US placards, considering that Băsescu was reinstated at Americans desire. Towards evening things got out of control, people breached fences and entered on the carriageway, blocking traffic. Next day, the Gendarmerie fined or queried 106 people for disturbing public peace and destruction of public domain. 695:. Hundreds of thousands of people, including doctors, teachers, students and laborers, took to the street to shout their dissatisfaction regarding his policies. Employees in transport and health system triggered several strikes in this period. Although mainly peaceful, the protests degenerated in some cases in clashes between demonstrators and law enforcers. Ponta Government was accused by national and international organizations of excessive use of force in the 1863: 6722: 1908: 1888: 2478: 2483: 2481: 2477: 2482: 862: 846: 830: 2547:. The Rules of the Senate say that a decision is taken by majority of all members, not by the majority of members present. Thus, by this interpretation, DNA needed 85 votes in favor. The interpretation of the law by PSD senators defies the Constitution, namely Article 76, which states that "Ordinary laws and resolutions shall be passed by a majority vote of members present in each Chamber". 2422:, stating: "She better stays in her seat and would handle what happens on the estate of her husband. Because she could no longer find him at home, if she is not careful. I understand that in his parish enough bad things happen". Victor Ponta quickly reacted to these statements by drawing up a penal complaint against President Traian Băsescu. In this complaint, the President is accused of 2480: 4991:"Traian Băsescu vorbește despre dizolvarea Parlamentului, în cazul în care se mențin modificările aduse Codului penal: Am văzut reacția CE și a aliaților noștri, cu aceste modificări am ieși din criteriile de la Copenhaga, ceea ce ar fi extrem de grav. Pentru așa ceva un Parlament ar trebui dizolvat. Sancțiunile ar porni imediat, ar fi o situație dramatică, am fi în afara UE" 1209:, clashes between pro- and anti-Băsescu demonstrators erupted, but were quickly dispersed by gendarmes. On 6 July, 2,000 people gathered at a rally in Bucharest to support President Băsescu. The rally was attended by prominent members of PDL and degenerated towards evening in altercations with anti-Băsescu demonstrators that infiltrated among supporters of the president. 2570:, criticized the decision, pointing that "justice must be able to judge". Moreover, British Embassy in Bucharest expressed its concern about vote in the case of Dan Șova, stressing that "no one is above the law". The same position was taken by Klaus Iohannis, also stating that "quality of deputy, senator or minister should not give anyone immunity to justice". 1821:, two notices about the changes adopted Tuesday by the Chamber of Deputies to the Penal Code, one aimed at defining civil servant and the other one referring to the conflict of interest. Likewise, the High Court of Cassation and Justice notified the Constitutional Court on the same subject. The concerns expressed by about 50 PDL lawmakers were confirmed by the 2463:

Romanians' angry at Ponta's policies, who began a "campaign" of protests and civil demonstrations within the country and abroad. Protests first broke out on 8 November when thousands gathered in city squares in support of compatriots living abroad who were turned away as they tried to vote in the first round, prompting Romania's foreign minister

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area is very high. In an attempt to defuse the tense situation of Roșia Montană, Prime Minister Victor Ponta descended into the underground to discuss with miners. However, during massive protests against Roșia Montană Project, Ponta – main target of protests – did not conduct any conversation with the representatives of the protesters.

5181:"Reacții internaționale dure față de modificarea Codului Penal. Poziția Comisiei Europene, a Ambasadei SUA, Germaniei, Marii Britanii și Olandei/"Un pas înapoi pentru România, o îndepărtare de la principiile transparenței și ale statului de drept, un semnal descurajator pentru investitori, care va afecta negativ economia României"" 1871:. The European Commission warns that public officials, regardless of the institution they work for, must obey rules against conflict of interest and corruption. "This change was not raised at any time. From our point of view, it's a decision that we didn't expect", said Mark Stephen Gray, spokesman for the European Commission. 1790:, who said that he will return to the Parliament the law through which the president and MPs are removed from the category of civil servants. The Head of State said that the amendments to the Penal Code adopted by the Chamber are "dramatic" and "tear down ten years of work and activity of anticorruption institutions" such as 1825:. So, on 15 January 2014, the members of the Constitutional Court unanimously decided that the amendments to the Penal Code are unconstitutional. CCR judges decided that the article which removes the officials from the category of public servants breaches several articles of the Constitution concerning the 1380:. Furthermore, students in Covasna organized a protest meeting. The Ministry of Education has accumulated, from October to March, a debt of more than 1.6 million lei for settlement of students commuting subscriptions in Covasna County. Likewise, around 150 students from high schools throughout the 2370:

without sanctions. The event, marked in Romanian press as "Black Thursday" – in analogy with "Black Tuesday", was criticized by embassies of United States and United Kingdom, but especially by opposition that accuses Victor Ponta of trying to defraud presidential election in November, reason for that

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The National Anticorruption Directorate showed that, following the changes to the Penal Code, lawmakers indicted for corruption or similar to that misdemeanor might be acquitted, and those detained through final sentence might be set free. President of the National Integrity Agency, Horia Georgescu,

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There was a rough dispute between President Băsescu and Premier Ponta on fuel price rise by 7 cents, measure adopted since 1 April 2014. The head of state asked Victor Ponta to waive the fee he deems an unnecessary and discriminatory tax burden. Likewise, Traian Băsescu is convinced that the measure

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between 8 and 10 o'clock. During this time, polyclinics were closed, and hospitals operated only in medical emergencies. Marius Sepi, first vice-president of Sanitas Federation, stated that the strike was affected by some hospital managers that threatened the protesters. Even the Minister of Health,

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and political scandals in Romania, which took magnitude after the second half of the 2000s. The wave of civil demonstrations started in January 2012, once with the introduction of a new health reform legislation. The protests were fueled by the austerity measures applied in May 2010, but also by the

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There were also protests in support of the mining project. Organized only in the exploitation area, the largest protest attracted up to 5,000 locals and 33 miners blocked underground, who were fighting for the jobs promised by Roșia Montană Gold Corporation, inasmuch as the unemployment rate in the

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took to the streets to protest the underfunding of the education system. In solidarity with the students, pupils from dozens of schools and high schools went on Japanese strike. Students chanted slogans against the Government and demanded allocation of 6% of GDP for education: "We want a school for

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took to the streets thousands of employees under the threat of job loss or salary reduction. In 2013 and 2014, the company was shaken by two major strikes. On 16 January 2013, thousands of employees triggered a spontaneous strike, 138 trains being blocked for several hours in major railway stations

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Protests and strikes were launched by teachers and students throughout the year, centered mainly on Ponta's poor policies regarding education. They claim that the education system is underfunded and require allocation of at least 6% of GDP to education. High school students also protested for bad

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British Ambassador to Bucharest, Martin Harris, says he is "worried" for changes to the Penal Code. "It is very discouraging that these changes were adopted without any consultation, any debate and any opportunity for the representatives of the judiciary authority and members of civil society to

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Despite major changes on Romanian political scene in early 2014, the new health minister could not cope with the demands of health professionals. In this regard, doctors picketed between 23 June and 4 July the headquarters of Ministry of Health, Ministry of Labour and Ministry of Public Finance.

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won the election. Ponta's failure was mainly due to irregularities concerning the voting process in diaspora and numerous corruption scandals involving figures from the party he leads. During the electoral campaign, people protested against Victor Ponta and members of his government, inasmuch as

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and elsewhere in the first round. Many were unable to cast their ballots before voting ended. The government has taken measures to ensure 16 November vote runs smoothly, increasing the number of voting booths and staff abroad. But it has not increased the number of polling stations, as Romanian

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In a meeting of the Chamber of Deputies, U.S. Embassy sent a very harsh reaction to the changes of the Penal Code. "This action of Parliament represents a departure from the principles of transparency and the rule of law and is a discouraging signal to investors, that will adversely affect the

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An apparent discrepancy between the number of polling stations and the estimated voters in most European countries (in Germany only five stations were open for more than 200,000 expats), voters saw this as an ideologically selective denial of exercising the right to vote. This fact attracted

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due to presence below 50% at polls. During this period, Romania was warned by Western powers about the state of democracy, inasmuch as the dismissal of the presidents of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies was made in a shady manner, and prominent figures of PSD, including Vice-President

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Following a complaint lodged by PNL, judges of the Constitutional Court ascertained, on 6 May, that the Senate decision in Șova case is unconstitutional, because it was adopted pursuant to legal and regulation dispositions which contravened the provisions of Article 76 paragraph 2 of the

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The summer of 2012 in Romania was marked not only by political instability, but by civil unrest. In early July, on the background of plagiarism scandal, demonstrations took place in several locations in Bucharest. The demonstrations, entitled suggestively the "Protest of inverted commas"

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took place on 29 July. On 21 August, the Constitutional Court decided that the referendum is invalid due to presence under 50%. However, 87.52% of those present in the referendum voted for Băsescu's impeachment. PDL boycotted the referendum, while the Hungarian Prime Minister

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The Superior Council of Magistracy has criticized changes to the Penal Code, emphasizing that it hadn't receive them for approval, as required by law. Legal Committee of the Chamber of Deputies said in a statement that it had no obligation to seek the opinion of SCM.

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The wave of protests started on 1 September 2013 with a national mobilization and continued until late-December. The protests attracted up to 200,000 demonstrators in 50 Romanian cities and 30 cities in Romanian diaspora. Largest demonstrations were organized in

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Protests related to fuel overtaxing also took place a few months before the implementation of this measure. On 9 December 2013, over 86,000 lorry drivers across the country went on strike and blocked for several hours the traffic on ring roads of major cities.

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went on Japanese strike, inasmuch as the Ministry of Education has not settled, since October 2012, money for commuting subscriptions. Those 2,000 students that went on Japanese strike, wearing white banderoles on arm, are from 15 high schools in the cities of

1734:, which would grant "super-immunity" to MPs and the president, as they would be taken out of the "public servant" category stipulated in the Code. Moreover, the amendments would protect politicians from the investigation of bodies of anti-corruption struggle ( 2479: 1511:

over collapse of Romanian health system. In September were held for two weeks picketings in front of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Finance. The protests are the largest since 1998 and are known in local media as "Protest of white robes"

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A larger strike took place on 23 April 2014, when, for two hours, rail traffic was paralyzed in major train stations in the country. According to syndicalists, the protest took place after failed negotiations on a new collective agreement. About 400

1568:'s George Enescu Square against Ponta's poor economic policies and wave of taxes that will be introduced once with 1 April. Romania figures among the countries with the most expensive gasoline in the world, at $ 7.38 per gallon (€1.41 per litre). 4776:"Circa 1.500 de manifestanți la protestul organizat de Mișcarea Populară în fața Guvernului, dupa asaltul majorității parlamentare asupra justiției, din "marțea neagră". Revendicările: Demisia Executivului, a Parlamentului și alegeri anticipate" 6105: 1773:. There were deployed hundreds of gendarmes, equipped for intervention, with batons and tear gas guns, vans and water cannons. Protesters threw stones and bottles at vehicles of the Gendarmerie and accused the gendarmes of defending thievery. 5351:"VIDEO Victor Ponta si-a lansat candidatura la prezidentiale, de ziua sa, in fata a zeci de mii de oameni, pe Arena Nationala: Sunt Victor Viorel Ponta. Va chem sa fim impreuna in batalia pentru marea unire a romanilor - Politic - HotNews.ro" 7001: 6494: 5458: 5008: 5940: 2574:

Embassy stated that follows "with concern and surprise" developments concerning parliamentary immunity, especially in a context where political parties have pledged to fight corruption. Cultural figures of Romania, among them writer

4793: 2363:' proposal as Deputy Premier and Minister of Interior, fact that inflamed the spirits inside PNL. Thus, on 25 February, PNL decided in an overwhelming majority to leave the ruling coalition. A day later, all PNL ministers resigned. 6031: 6666: 6642: 6087: 1050:

reunion of 28 June and escalating with the suspension of President Traian Băsescu. In the same period, Prime Minister Victor Ponta was accused of plagiarism in his doctoral thesis. These accusations fed the political instability.

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activists from 10 countries who were protesting in the courtyard of the Parliament building, were seized by gendarmes and led to the police stations. Protesters also accused the poor coverage of the protests by Romanian media.

1463:, students have occupied university amphitheatres, protesting "the disaster in academic environment and the lack of respect with which students were treated in decisions regarding the higher education system". Triggered by the 4869: 3231: 3902: 5056: 796:, the political situation remained unstable, with recurrent institutional clashes between the President, Prime Minister and Parliament, such as in 2007 and 2012 and tough austerity measures that fuelled social tensions. 779:

is decreasing, many Romanians being unable to endure everyday expenses. Poor working conditions, mass layoffs and tax hikes displease the population that is filling the squares of main cities to shout their grievances.

1769:, protesters demanded the resignation of Prime Minister Victor Ponta and President Traian Băsescu, but also the dissolution of Parliament. Throughout the protest, demonstrators lit candles in memory of victims of the 3498: 2744: 6710: 5430: 5038: 4114: 2430:

condemned the statements made by Traian Băsescu, claiming that declarations to Gabriela Firea are provocative and inflammatory, and the suggestion that her husband could "disappear" is beyond the limits of decency.

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Teachers' wages is a problem wherewith the education system confronts. In Romania, a teacher is paid 9.3 lei net (2.09 euros) per hour, compared to other European countries, where wages are up to 40 times higher.

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who refused to sell their houses and lands. The draft law also sets time limits for the state authorities to grant all permits, regardless of potential infringements of national legislation or of court rulings.

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demands the immediate repeal of legal changes granting immunity to Romanian politicians. According to the organization, "these developments risk opening the door for corrupt politicians to act with impunity".

4337: 6124: 3682: 3267: 5687: 5350: 3449: 4133: 1539:), was joined by medical staff across the country. Demonstrators leaned against the wall of the Palace of the Parliament a cross and nearly 20 wreaths, thus suggesting the "death of health" in Romania. 4046: 1853:, Daniel B. Baer, said, on 20 December, that the United States are concerned about the recent amendments to the Penal Code and warned that ratification of these amendments will result in weakening the 3382: 5246: 4990: 1384:

went on indefinitely Japanese strike, in solidarity with the colleagues which were not settled money for commuting subscriptions. The same measure of protest was adopted by hundreds of students in

979:. Official figures indicated over 60 injuries during clashes between police and protesters, while up to 283 arrests were made. Several journalists were injured while transmitting live the events. 5673: 3752: 6322: 5825: 5486: 3771: 5605: 4355: 4338:"Grevă de Avertisment în Sănătate. Protestatarii cer demisia ministrului Sănătății. Președintele Sanitas: Dacă greva va fi declarată ilegală, angajații vor cere să primească liberele restante" 1046:

took in office. Ponta is an ardent Băsescu's opponent. In June 2012, they were the protagonists of a major political crisis, starting with conflicting views on Romania's representative to the

6703: 5016: 4151: 3010: 2507:, blamed for poor organization of the voting process in diaspora. The irregularities in the first round repeated in the runoff. Then, tens of thousands of Romanians abroad were attacked with 1286:

Worsening working conditions, mass layoffs and poor payroll have taken to the streets thousands of employees even in the early days of 2013. Probably the most dramatic and publicized case is

3997: 1255:(700 participants, 27 July). On the other side, large pro-Băsescu meetings were organized in several Romanian cities, at different dates, to avoid potential conflicts between demonstrators: 940:'s popularity collapsed mainly after imposing austerity measures in 2010, year when Romania also confronted with short living but large street demonstrations. The attempted privatization of 4801: 6382: 4095: 6688: 6656: 6632: 5198: 5787: 6790: 4941: 1753:

with a wound to the head. On 21 December, more than 5,000 people attended a protest in Bucharest against all political classes and new Penal Code. The protest was held under the slogan

1392:, Ministry of Education did not settle any money for seven months. Accumulated debts amount to more than 3.5 million lei, 3,100 commuter students being affected by this situation. 775:

After application of drastic austerity measures in 2010, the Romanian economy recovered. Thus, in 2013, Romania recorded the highest economic growth in the EU. Despite this growth, the

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Over the past 25 years, Romania has experienced a complex process of democratization with moments of crisis, economic stagnation, radical nationalism and extreme polarization. Despite

5750: 5143: 3876: 6696: 5563: 5314: 3590: 6856: 4319: 6456: 6106:"Antonescu, după ce Ponta s-a mutat în MApN: "Premierul și-a pierdut controlul. Cum își permite, dacă este în toate facultățile, să facă așa ceva? Nici Ceaușescu nu și-a permis"" 5535: 3571: 2379:. According to those who initiated this law, the party switching is a solution to institutional stalemate after breakage of the USL in February. However, the GEO was declared by 5064: 4515: 2649: 994:

announced his resignation, in an attempt "to ease the social situation". During weeks of protests, Băsescu stated nothing and did not appear in public. Emil Boc was replaced by

4910: 4825:"Protest cu incidente violente în Capitală. Jandarmii au folosit gaze lacrimogene pentru a dispersa manifestanții din fața Guvernului, unde s-a cerut demisia premierului Ponta" 6569: 6363: 6341: 2527:. The result of the vote was seen in media as a "small revolution", given that Victor Ponta controlled the government since 2012, and PSD is the largest party in the country. 2523:

from PNL won the election with a comfortable margin, despite the fact that Victor Ponta surpassed Iohannis in all polls. Iohannis celebrated the victory with demonstrators in

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After three rounds of failed negotiations with the Minister of Health, on 25 November, more than 130,000 health professionals from across the country have triggered a warning

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These were the first events of the two-year civil unrest. They were triggered by the introduction of a new health reform legislation and worsening standard of life. President

4843: 4281: 7488: 7006: 6984: 6437: 5958: 1581: 72: 4824: 1212: 5577: 5472: 5106: 4967: 3979: 4386: 4169: 3789: 3731: 3306: 6531: 5277: 4775: 4422: 6049: 3479: 1491:. Students are also dissatisfied with university tuition fees, invoking a university dropout rate of 40%. The events are known in Romanian press as Occupy University. 4738: 6032:"După scandalul Duicu, Ponta își mută biroul de la Palatul Victoria la Ministerul Apărării Naționale, cu "pază militară", ca să se ferească de Traficul de Influență" 6013: 5728: 696: 2840: 5863: 5518: 5379:"Boc NU PARTICIPA la MITINGUL PDL de la Cluj. Se duce la o dezbatere organizata de PMP la care vine si Basescu. Vasile Blaga: Nu cred ca Boc va face ca Tariceanu" 3690: 3553: 3175: 6811: 5904: 5124: 3275: 6495:"În ziua în care Senatul a făcut scut în jurul lui Șova, parlamentarii noștri primesc un mesaj clar din partea americanilor: Lăsați justiția să-și facă treaba!" 5995: 3457: 7681: 6760: 6088:"Realitatea paralelă pe care o construiește premierul României la televizor după Scandalul Duicu. De ce fraza "DNA n-are nicio treabă cu asta" este o minciună" 5941:"Victor Ponta: Depunem plângere penală împotriva lui Băsescu pentru declarațiile la adresa familiei Gabrielei Vrânceanu Firea. Băsescu va ajunge în închisoare" 3942: 1742:

from the list of misdemeanors. After the Romanian Parliament passed the amendments, media outlets marked the day as the "Black Tuesday" of Romanian democracy.

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were aggressed and sprayed with irritant substances by gendarmes, in the capital 62 people being fined for blocking traffic. Likewise, on 9 December, about 50

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The German Embassy took a stand against the amendments to the Penal Code, announcing that seeks "with attention and concern the current legislative measures".

6550: 5659: 3390: 1464: 6718: 6513: 5445:"Miting ACL la Timisoara. Klaus Iohannis: Altfel ar fi aratat Romania daca s-ar fi aplicat Punctul 8 al Proclamatiei de la Timisoara - Politic - HotNews.ro" 5332: 2535:

In March 2015, a dispute arouse between ruling alliance PSD–UNPR–PC and main opposition party, PNL. PSD majority in the Senate rejected the solicitation of

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on 12 January, as a sign of solidarity with Raed Arafat. In the following weeks, protests spread to other sixty Romanian cities and dozens of cities in the

6419: 6068: 5364: 5254: 4076: 3048: 2519:, up to 20,000 people gathered to protest against Victor Ponta, destroying the electoral posters with him. To everyone's surprise, ethnic German candidate 1850: 5922: 5504: 4187: 3029: 2543:

in a corruption case. Although the vote was detrimental to Șova (79 to 67), PSD senators made use of a provision in the Rules of the Senate, ignoring the

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will lead to tax evasion. The measure was also criticized by opposition. Thus, on 15 March, between 8,000 and 10,000 people, members or supporters of the

683:. His mandate was marked by corruption scandals and street protests. The demonstrations had various causes, among them the tax hikes, the exploitation of 7414: 6618: 6198: 5087: 5459:"FOTO VIDEO Alegeri prezidențiale 2014. Întâlnirea emoționantă a lui Iohannis cu sibienii. 12.000 de oameni au participat la ultimul miting de campanie" 3430: 5702: 5228: 3664: 5490: 5161: 4227: 1440:

all, not a Government of mobsters", "Finance the education or leave the Government". According to the Romanian press, the event is one of the largest

7529: 7238: 7228: 6974: 5609: 4363: 2745:"Mesajul românilor din diaspora: "Demisia Lui Ponta. Reconstruirea României depinde de noi toți. Iohannis a primit girul, dar suntem cu ochii pe el"" 1716: 1105: 656: 4263: 4115:"Studenții din România au început mișcarea Occupy: "Universitățile sunt pentru studenți". Care sunt revendicările tinerilor care dorm în amfiteatre" 1678:

and scuffles with police. Although the protests were mainly peaceful, there were reports of serious incidents. On 13 September, Minister of Culture

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Major political rallies were organized by USL in the most important cities in the country, within the campaign to dismiss the suspended president:

355: 5039:"DNA, despre noile modificări aduse Codului penal: Parlamentarii judecați pentru corupție ar putea fi achitați. Cei condamnați, puși în libertate" 4942:"Un nou miting în Capitală, desfășurat fără incidente majore. Îmbrânceli cu jandarmii după ce un protestatar s-a urcat pe o mașină a Jandarmeriei" 1662:", paralyzing traffic on major arteries of circulation. The protests, dubbed by international media the "Romanian Autumn", have taken many forms: 7493: 6861: 5631: 4029:"Studenții protestează față de "subfinanțarea" din educație. Protestatarii au pornit dinspre Piața Victoriei către sediul Ministerului Educației" 1075: 7560: 5645: 5206: 2725: 6229: 4440: 4404: 3608: 2668: 743:

thousands of Romanian citizens in diaspora were prevented from exercising their right to vote due to bad organization of the election process.

3840:"Grevă Spontană la CFR Călători. Angajații nu și-au primit salariile pe decembrie. 138 de trenuri, afectate. Fenechiu: Cei vinovați vor plăti" 3713: 2803: 6475: 3249: 3157: 1507:

Situation in hospitals, poor payroll and lack of staff pushed the doctors to launch an ample program of protests aimed to alarm the minister

632:. The demonstrations were characterized by widespread rioting and acts of vandalism. The political situation precipitated, so Prime Minister 5591: 5550:"Aproximativ 6.000 de mineri și energeticieni au ieșit în stradă în Târgu Jiu: "Mergem să protestăm la București dacă ni se taie salariile"" 4643: 3516: 3232:"Romania's Constitutional Court decides procedure to suspend President Băsescu was constitutional. Crin Antonescu becomes interim president" 7701: 6304: 4892: 865: 6587: 6364:"Senatul l-a salvat pe Dan Șova de cătușe sfidând Constituția. Darius Vâlcov poate fi arestat. Senator PSD: Mai lăsați-mă cu Constituția!" 5431:"Circa 25.000 de maghiari au protestat la Sf. Gheorghe. Mitingul s-a încheiat cu o declarație în care se cere stoparea renaționalizărilor" 3121: 7587: 6551:"Mircea Cartarescu: Ne asteptam ca o banda de infractori sa-l dea pe mana procurorilor pe unul de-al lor? E nevoie de alegeri anticipate" 6267: 5688:""Ponta, nu uita, va veni și ziua ta". Peste o mie de angajați ai RAAN au participat la un marș de protest și au cerut bani de la Guvern" 5404: 3820: 1902:

The Netherlands Embassy in Bucharest stated that seeks with concern the amendments to the Penal Code and expects the future developments.

7051: 4844:"Protest În Capitală față de modificările aduse Codului Penal. Patru manifestanți au fost ridicați de jandarmi, unul ajungând la spital" 4301:"Cadrele medicale sunt în grevă de avertisment până la ora 10.00. Marius Sepi (Sanitas): Peste 100.000 de angajați participă la protest" 2706: 1806:

also said that, following the changes, "will be created a super-immunity", and "the history of ANI cases will be thrown up for 25 MPs".

1113:

exhorted ethnic Hungarians in Romania to stay away from the polls, fact that explains the low turnout in Hungarian majority counties of

7498: 3499:"Antonescu, la mitingul USL de la Romexpo: "Eu nu mai am ce căuta în politică dacă nu vom fi 9 milioane de români curați, în picioare"" 1829:, the equal rights of citizens and the Romanian State's obligation to fulfill in good faith its obligations in international treaties. 438: 5444: 4523: 4300: 5564:"Miting USL la Brasov, pentru demiterea lui Traian Basescu: Peste 5.000 de persoane participa la manifestatie - Politic - HotNews.ro" 1129:

and 74 others were accused of falsifying data to sway the vote's outcome. On 22 April 2016, Liviu Dragnea was sentenced to two years

5296: 4918: 3645: 2366:

A major political conflict also erupted in August, when the Parliament adopted an emergency ordinance allowing local authorities to

7636: 7427: 3943:"150 de elevi din Mureș sunt în grevă japoneză, din cauza banilor de navetă nedecontați. Elevii din Covasna vor ieși în stradă joi" 6180: 1201:

In the pre-referendum period, several demonstrations in support of President Traian Băsescu took place throughout the country. In

6765: 4477: 4245: 2992: 5769: 4682:"62 de persoane au fost amendate la protestul față de proiectul minier "Roșia Montană" de duminică după ce au blocat circulația" 4681: 3961: 7339: 3859:"Greva de la CFR. Sindicaliștii negociază, dar nu exclud alte proteste. Miza: majorări salariale și transport feroviar gratuit" 999: 793: 4564: 3797: 2955: 2611:

to be prime minister. On 17 November 2015 the Parliament voted in favour of the nomination, which marked the beginning of the

1832:

In a press conference, PSD deputy Eugen Nicolicea rejected accusations on new Penal Code, saying that press masked the truth.

7508: 6816: 5871: 6871: 5806: 4757: 3858: 7706: 6876: 3535: 2880: 2629: 980: 6069:"Ponta și-a mutat biroul, după scandalul cu baronul Duicu: Va fi mai bine păzit la MApN. Mă aștept la mai multe înscenări" 5826:"Ordonanța Traseiștilor, Neconstituțională. CCR pune Parlamentul să decidă ce se întâmplă cu mandatele aleșilor migratori" 2763: 7539: 7483: 7279: 7233: 6979: 3329:"Comunicat privind rezultatele referendumului național din data de 29 iulie 2012 pentru demiterea Președintelui României" 2563: 2536: 1791: 1735: 1011: 735: 639:

In the first six months of the year, three governments have been changed. The summer of 2012 was marked by a large-scale

547: 539: 290: 185: 5976: 4496: 2851: 7691: 7534: 7243: 7145: 6891: 6866: 6323:"Darius Vâlcov a fost reținut de DNA, în timp ce Dan Șova și-a păstrat imunitatea. Cine a prezis votul încă de sâmbătă" 1814: 1198:), were attended by hundreds of people, among them former Prime Minister Ungureanu, aiming Victor Ponta's resignation. 1098: 1071: 723: 708: 672: 402: 7013: 7462: 7018: 6806: 6383:"De Bunavestire, DNA a cerut Dezlegare la peștii mari din Senat. Vâlcov poate fi arestat, Șova a scăpat de procurori" 6161: 5886: 4152:"Proteste în universitățile din țară. Discuțiile dintre studenți și ministrul Educației nu au dus la niciun rezultat" 3732:"Raport privind cauzele și împrejurările care au dus la apariția stării de insolvență a debitoarei S.C. Oltchim S.A." 3084: 1157: 434: 5751:"USL, divorț urât. Miniștrii liberali au demisionat, UDMR se pregătește să revină la guvernare. Lista interimarilor" 4700: 4663:"'The Arab Spring, the Turkish Summer, The Romanian Autumn': Romanian protests as a model of peaceful demonstration" 4497:"Greva Transportatorilor: 86.000 de camioane blochează drumurile! Magazinele se tem că rămân fără produse proaspete" 4458: 3877:"Grevă la CFR. Călător, pentru Gândul: "Am ajuns și noi o dată cu 5-minute mai devreme în stație și au făcut grevă"" 3626: 2687: 2558:

the decision of the Senate, also demanding early elections. The Constitutional Court was also appealed by President

1467:, After failed negotiations with the Minister of Education Sorin Cîmpeanu, protests spread to other universities in 4586: 4206: 3339: 2551: 1923:

that the amendments to the Penal Code contravene the values of the EU and is a real step backwards for the country.

719: 508: 497: 486: 5844: 5788:"Ambasada SUA critică ordonanța "traseismului politic": Suntem îngrijorați în legătură cu momentul ales de Guvern" 2495:

A day before the presidential runoff, large demonstrations were held across the country, with 15,000 attendees in

2061: 1365: 726:

to form the largest right-wing party in Romania in the post-revolutionary period. In the summer of the same year,

7099: 6996: 6248: 5315:"Swoboda: Modificarea Codului Penal contravine valorilor UE. E un pas înapoi, "o decizie rea pentru țară însăși"" 5144:"Curtea Constituțională respinge Superimunitatea Parlamentarilor. Modificările la Codul Penal, neconstituționale" 5009:"Băsescu respinge modificările la Codul Penal aprobate în Parlament: Aceste modificări înseamnă 10 ani de regres" 2555: 2467:

to resign. Long queues and bureaucratic hurdles made the voting process lengthy at Romanian embassies across the

2380: 1822: 1818: 1079: 660: 7044: 5297:"Swoboda: Modificarea Codul Penal contravine valorilor UE. Este un pas înapoi, o decizie rea pentru țară însăși" 3194: 1166: 7223: 7208: 7203: 6420:"PNL vrea să conteste la Curtea Constituțională decizia Senatului în cazul Dan Șova și cere alegeri anticipate" 6400: 6206: 4320:"Grevă de avertisment în sănătate, între 8 și 10. Medicii vor salarii mai mari. Joi ar putea fi Grevă Generală" 1727: 640: 576: 326: 6608: 4387:"Un nou val de proteste în sistemul sanitar. Posturile vacante din spitalele publice vor fi scoase la concurs" 3591:"Miting USL la Brașov, pentru demiterea lui Traian Băsescu: Peste 5.000 de persoane participă la manifestație" 2650:"Proteste față de defrișările din România. Klaus Iohannis: "Cred că protestul de astăzi este perfect legitim"" 1547:

Eugen Nicolăescu, considered the strike illegal and said he did not know if it is possible to increase wages.

1274:

Invalidation of the referendum infuriated Băsescu's opposers that gathered in their thousands in front of the

1054: 833: 7419: 7218: 7213: 6780: 6675: 5674:"Protestele de la Oltchim IAU AMPLOARE. Angajații au blocat din nou DN 64. Un protestatar, lovit de o mașină" 3753:"Protestele de la Oltchim iau Amploare. Angajații au blocat din nou DN 64. Un protestatar, lovit de o mașină" 3066: 5996:"Ponta: "Am finalizat plângerea penală împotriva lui Băsescu, o semnăm cu toții". Kelemen Hunor nu semnează" 3895:"2.000 de elevi din Covasna, în grevă japoneză pentru că nu le-au fost decontate abonamentele pentru navetă" 3102: 2918: 7696: 7503: 6836: 6775: 6755: 2524: 1595: 1059: 442: 88: 6570:"CC: Hotărârea Senatului în cazul solicitării DNA de încuviințare a arestării lui Șova, neconstituțională" 4478:"Transportatorii rutieri de mărfuri au intrat în grevă. În mai multe județe au blocat șoselele de centură" 6770: 4134:"Studenții s-au baricadat în mai multe universități din țară. Protestează față de sistemul de învățământ" 1920: 1016: 6457:"Iohannis sesizează Curtea Constituțională după ce Senatul a respins cererea DNA de arestare a lui Șova" 7686: 7565: 7332: 7163: 7151: 6342:"Dan Șova scapă de arestare. Cererea DNA de încuviințare a reținerii și arestării nu a trecut de Senat" 6125:"Romanian presidential election: does Klaus Iohannis's victory prove social media can win an election?" 5606:"Nasul TV » TARGU MURES | 3.500 de unguri cer autonomia Tinutului Secuiesc. Protestul a degenerat" 2566:. George Kent, main coordinator of anticorruption programs in the Bureau for Europe and Eurasia of the 2372: 1927: 1746: 1603: 1561: 1275: 928: 910: 892: 718:

In the winter of 2014, the ruling alliance collapsed, after internal tensions between PSD and PNL. The

692: 519: 351: 318: 156: 7037: 6438:"Scandal pe tema votului în cazul Șova. PNL atacă la CCR decizia Senatului și cere alegeri anticipate" 5333:"Transparency International demands repeal of legal changes granting immunity to Romanian politicians" 4960:"Băsescu: Modificările la Codul penal, dramatice, dărămă 10 ani de muncă a instituțiilor anticorupție" 4862:"Proteste la Universitate și Guvern: "Jos Ponta!, Jos Băsescu!" Jandarmii au folosit gaze lacrimogene" 4228:"Medicii și asistenții au ieșit în stradă. Protestul halatelor albe, cel mai amplu din ultimii 15 ani" 7360: 6901: 6826: 6514:"Cazul Dan Șova a stârnit reacții din partea marilor Ambasade. CE spun SUA, Marea Britanie și Olanda" 5473:"Aproximativ 11.000 de persoane, între care și angajați ai Automobile Dacia, au protestat la Mioveni" 1795: 761: 680: 7601: 6851: 6285: 3924: 1145: 1035: 995: 525: 7671: 7661: 7651: 7641: 7139: 6943: 5278:"Olanda "urmărește cu îngrijorare" amendamentele la Codul Penal care dau imunitate parlamentarilor" 4405:"Carburanți supraaccizați și scumpiri în lanț de la 1 aprilie. Benzinăriile au fost luate cu asalt" 3856: 2974: 1667: 1528: 769: 5505:"Iohannis: Eu am dovedit în Sibiu că se poate și voi dovedi că în toată România se poate mai bine" 5107:"Instanța Supremă a sesizat Curtea Constituțională cu privire la modificările aduse Codului penal" 644: 7513: 7259: 6926: 6532:"Iohannis: Nu pot să trec cu vederea faptul că Parlamentul a blocat din nou o cerere a justiției" 5721:"It's official: Romania's ruling coalition collapses as PNL leaves Government, asks PM to resign" 3665:"Proteste anti-Băsescu și anti-SUA la Universitate – Decizia CCR a scos sute de oameni în stradă" 2726:"Aproape 500 de politisti locali, cu masti Anonymous pe fata, au protestat in Piata Constitutiei" 2592: 2544: 2508: 1039: 209: 190: 6785: 2599:

were held across Romania. These resulted in the resignation of the Prime Minister at that time,

7676: 7666: 7656: 7646: 7274: 7157: 6989: 6969: 6936: 6916: 6588:"CCR, decizie în cazul Șova: Hotărârea dată de Senat, neconstituțională. Reacția lui Tăriceanu" 6050:"Ponta: Duicu nu a fost la mine, iar pentru a evita alte înscenări, mi-am mutat biroul la MApN" 2596: 2576: 1663: 810: 659:

showed that over 80% of the voters wanted his dismissal, the referendum was invalidated by the

249: 179: 6014:"Stanișev: Declarațiile lui Băsescu la adresa Gabrielei Firea sunt dincolo de limita decenței" 5959:"Băsescu, mesaj pentru Gabriela Firea: S-ar putea să nu-și mai găsească soțul într-o zi acasă" 5536:"Câteva mii de oameni, la mitinguri în Argeș și Teleorman pentru demiterea lui Traian Băsescu" 5408: 3772:"A treia zi de greva foamei la Oltchim: doi protestatari au avut nevoie de îngrijiri medicale" 3572:"Câteva mii de oameni, la mitinguri în Argeș și Teleorman pentru demiterea lui Traian Băsescu" 3383:"Romanian PM claims "outrage" over Hungarian counterpart's comments on impeachment referendum" 3030:"Jandarmeria: 283 de manifestanți, duși la Poliție. Opt dintre ei sunt din galeria Petrolului" 2904:

Bulgaria and Romania, two decades later: the weight of the past, the challenges of the present

2454:, claiming that the Prime Minister "has lost control" and "mocks the country's institutions". 7582: 7325: 6931: 6911: 6846: 5125:"CCR a decis: Modificările aduse Codului Penal, Neconstituționale. Superimunitatea, Respinsă" 2624: 2567: 2355:

after PNL, constituent party of the government, announced the reshuffling of four ministers.

2348: 2331: 1731: 1388:, according to that were violated the rights under the Education Act through art. 84 (3). In 1085:

On 9 July, the Constitutional Court ascertained President Băsescu's suspension and confirmed

430: 308: 171: 5365:"Vosganian, care citează Jandarmeria: Aproape 30.000 de participanți la mitingul de la Iași" 4423:"Protest în București față de acciza pe carburanți, organizat de Partidul Mișcarea Populară" 4077:"Protest de amploare al studenților. Mii de tineri din 11 centre universitare ies în stradă" 2781: 987:, expressed concern about the level of violence against reporters who covered the protests. 951: 7555: 7457: 7407: 7269: 7264: 7111: 7072: 6841: 6143: 5905:"Traian Băsescu: Victor Ponta riscă să ajungă coleg de cameră cu Năstase. E profund corupt" 4794:"Miting în Piața Victoriei. Mișcarea Populară cheamă la protest împotriva "abuzurilor USL"" 4096:"Comparație Șocantă între salariile profesorilor din Europa. Dascălii din România, Umiliți" 3857:

Alexandra Ciliac; Ana-Maria Adamoae; Georgeta Petrovici; Silvana Chiujdea (23 April 2014).

2464: 1739: 1067: 688: 676: 599: 451: 422: 312: 302: 254: 151: 5519:"Aproximativ 8.000 de persoane participă la mitingul USL de la Oradea: "DA la referendum"" 4170:"Protest în universitățile din țară: Studenții au ocupat amfiteatrele – ce revendicări au" 3554:"Aproximativ 8.000 de persoane participă la mitingul USL de la Oradea: "DA la referendum"" 3536:"Victor Ponta, la mitingul USL de la Iași: "Sunt mândru să fiu înjurat de Traian Băsescu"" 3140:"Reuters: Acuzațiile de plagiat la adresa lui Ponta alimentează INSTABILITATEA în România" 3011:"Unrest in Bucharest: protesters say a minority of violent rioters were 'out for a fight'" 765: 8: 6959: 6886: 4047:"Studenții, în stradă, pentru Educație și împotriva Guvernului. Drum Blocat, în Capitală" 2515:

by law enforcers, while voters forced the entrance into embassies to cast their vote. In

2316: 2286: 1916: 1868: 1799: 1794:(DNA) or National Integrity Agency (ANI). The President mentioned in a TV show about the 1770: 1252: 1248: 972: 214: 7122: 6881: 5977:"Plângerea PenalăFd împotriva lui Băsescu a fost redactată și este semnată în Parlament" 5578:"Crin Antonescu - bucuros ca Gorjul e liber, trist ca e sarac! Mii de gorjeni la miting" 2435: 1508: 1385: 1089:

as Interim President. Therewith, Constitutional Court rejected complaints formulated by

38:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

7105: 6921: 4758:"Romania in Crisis: Police Violence, Political Immunity, and Environmental Discontents" 4264:"Romania: Thousands of doctors and nurses march in Bucharest for better health service" 3980:"Criza elevilor navetiști: Ministerul Educației are datorii de milioane de lei la Cluj" 3299:"Antonescu cuts Băsescu's special phone line, suspended president denounces new 'coup'" 2876: 2352: 1750: 1607: 776: 204: 143: 92: 5229:"Modificarea Codului Penal. Ambasadele occidentale îi critică pe parlamentarii români" 1619: 1219:

speaking in his support at an anti-impeachment protest in Revolution Square, Bucharest

7402: 5703:"Ponta refuză în continuare să meargă în Parlament pentru numirea lui Klaus Iohannis" 3480:"Proteste pro și contra Băsescu în Capitală. Câțiva manifestanți s-au luat la bătaie" 2392: 2376: 1758: 1532: 1513: 1303: 1191: 964: 285: 264: 120: 7060: 5057:"Președintele CSM: Modificările Codului Penal îi avantajează pe politicienii penali" 2612: 2400: 1787: 1369: 1216: 1078:. Through an Emergency Ordinance, the government restricted the attributions of the 937: 652: 625: 535: 296: 80: 7397: 5923:"Traian Băsescu: Ar fi o dramă pentru România ca Victor Ponta să ajungă președinte" 2427: 2408: 2241: 1586: 1441: 1268: 1094: 1047: 976: 960: 849: 7608: 7440: 7186: 7180: 4188:""Occupy University" la București. Studenții denunță subfinanțarea învățământului" 2608: 1141: 7392: 6831: 6821: 4545: 4282:"Angajații din sănătate au fost în Grevă de avertisment. Care sunt revendicările" 3683:"Cadorisiți cu dosare penale pentru că au protestat împotriva lui Traian Băsescu" 3412: 3212: 2937: 2443: 2412: 2367: 1944: 1524: 1340: 1114: 789: 590: 447: 4516:"Europe's Ecological Time Bomb: Roșia Montană Gold Mine in the Hills of Romania" 3268:"USL a depus plângere penală împotriva lui Oltean, Băsescu și alți 13 pedeliști" 3122:"Victor Ponta, Romania Prime Minister, Accused of Plagiarism in Doctoral Thesis" 1381: 1110: 415: 7305: 6734: 6633:"Romania's president picks former European commissioner Ciolos as PM-designate" 4625:"Over 10,000 people march in Cluj to protest against the Roșia Montană project" 3049:"Presa străină: Jurnaliști atacați și bătuți în timpul protestelor din România" 2604: 2559: 2520: 2468: 2451: 2419: 2418:

In a TV show, President Traian Băsescu reacted to declarations of PSD senator,

2360: 1912: 1876: 1862: 1766: 1730:

passed, on 10 December 2013, a draft law containing multiple amendments to the

1360: 1118: 1086: 1066:

On 3 July, the Romanian Parliament, at the proposal of majority represented by

757: 739: 731: 583: 543: 481: 244: 6680: 3714:"Statul a pierdut 135 mil. euro: Datoria Oltchim a fost convertită în acțiuni" 2899:

Bulgaria e Romania, vent'anni dopo: il peso del passato, le sfide del presente

2579:, demanded early elections and expressed their dissatisfaction with the vote. 922: 904: 886: 7630: 2707:"Bucharest nightclub fire: Romania's PM and government resign after protests" 1843: 1543: 1344: 1332: 1291: 1202: 1126: 1026: 1020:

Protest against Victor Ponta in Victory Square, Bucharest. The placard reads

665: 569: 562: 503: 239: 234: 162: 5088:"PDL a contestat la Curtea Constituțională modificările aduse Codului penal" 3998:"Ministerul Educației, datorii de 3,5 milioane de lei către elevii din Cluj" 3790:"2.500 de ceferiști au protestat la Guvern și la Ministerul Transporturilor" 3365:"PDL boicotează referendumul: Alegătorii să nu participe la vot pe 29 iulie" 2669:"GREVĂ GENERALĂ în administrația publică: 30.000 de oameni încetează lucrul" 66: 7571: 7387: 7348: 5162:"Eugen Nicolicea: Acuzațiile privind modificările Codului Penal sunt False" 4893:"Anti-corruption protests in Bucharest take off as Romanians get political" 2600: 2504: 2404: 2356: 1679: 1614: 1499: 1287: 1122: 1090: 1043: 727: 648: 629: 620: 555: 492: 279: 134: 84: 7577: 6657:"Romanian government meant to tackle corruption wins parliament's backing" 5592:"Marea adunare a moților împotriva proiectului minier de la Roșia Montană" 4662: 4644:"Marea adunare a moților împotriva proiectului minier de la Roșia Montană" 4624: 4605: 3250:"CCR: Revocările lui Vasile Blaga și a Robertei Anastase, constituționale" 3158:"USL cere revocarea din funcție a Robertei Anastase și a lui Vasile Blaga" 2500: 2256: 2181: 2136: 2076: 1882:

comment about the proposed amendments", shows the reaction of the embassy.

1651: 1460: 1452: 1412: 1400: 1328: 1206: 7298: 5199:"SUA critică dur modificarea Codului Penal: Statul de drept va fi slăbit" 4441:"Acciza la carburanți i-a scos în stradă: Mii de Oameni, la mitingul PMP" 2688:"Romanian PM Ponta quits after protests, paves way for cabinet reshuffle" 2571: 2496: 2031: 1897: 1854: 1826: 1695: 1683: 1635: 1480: 1476: 1404: 1389: 1316: 1264: 945: 704: 700: 514: 407: 5487:"PROTEST LA BÂRLAD față de exploatarea gazelor de șist | Romania Libera" 4565:"Protests continue in Bucharest against gold mine plan in Roșia Montană" 2540: 4719: 3609:"Miting Pro Băsescu. 15.000 de pedeliști așteptați în Piața Revoluției" 2804:"Nivel RECORD al șomajului în ultimii ani. Câți șomeri sunt în România" 2447: 1699: 1436: 4246:""Marșul Tăcerii". Cadrele medicale protestează, sâmbătă, în Capitală" 3450:"Protests downtown Bucharest against Romania's entire political scene" 2226: 2166: 1639: 1240: 5632:"Protest la Petrosani: Aproape 3.000 de mineri marsaluiesc pe strazi" 2516: 2423: 2001: 1687: 1675: 1671: 1659: 1647: 1631: 1623: 1565: 1468: 1420: 1396: 1308: 1256: 1224: 1130: 968: 699:. Ethnic Hungarians started a series of protests for the autonomy of 684: 229: 76: 3517:"Miting USL la Craiova: 18.000 de oameni cer demiterea lui Băsescu!" 2822: 2271: 2196: 2121: 1745:

On 14 December, nearly 1,500 people attended a meeting organized by

1721: 1691: 1523:

On 2 November, nearly 7,000 doctors, nurses and dentists marched on

1456: 1416: 1324: 1244: 83:

in January 2012, protester holding a message against prime minister

6906: 6896: 6476:"DNA cere sesizarea CCR după votul Senatului în cazul lui Dan Șova" 2897: 2512: 2439: 2211: 1335:

said that he will make an analysis and those responsible will pay.

991: 948:, its founder, was vehemently criticized by people on the streets. 906:

Romania clashes video: Anti-cuts protests turn violent in Bucharest

869: 633: 474: 6230:"Romania rocked by protests ahead of presidential election runoff" 5660:"Proteste la Curtici și Vaslui față de explorarea gazelor de șist" 5646:"La vremuri noi, tot noi! Mitingul USL de la Galați, văzut altfel" 1786:

Amendments to the Penal Code were strongly contested by President

7029: 6738: 6730: 6721: 6661: 6637: 6613: 6162:"Thousands protest in Romania ahead of presidential run-off vote" 4911:""21–22 vrem democrația înapoi" – Protest în Piața Universității" 3646:"Circa 10.000 de participanți la mitingul pro-Băsescu de la Cluj" 3431:"Liviu Dragnea, condamnat la doi ani de închisoare cu suspendare" 2438:

Council chairman, Adrian Duicu, where prosecutors say Duicu made

2301: 2106: 2046: 1907: 1887: 1488: 1428: 1377: 1373: 1312: 1228: 772:, are on the verge of bankruptcy, being forced to make cutbacks. 615: 116: 5823: 5247:"Ambasada Germaniei, "îngrijorată" de modificarea Codului Penal" 2920:

The Failure of Cohabitation: The Institutional Crises in Romania

2764:"Romania, the country with the highest poverty levels in the EU" 2016: 1655: 1643: 1472: 1408: 1320: 1260: 1232: 7317: 4701:"Romanian gold miners end underground protest after PM's visit" 4207:"Au început protestele medicilor: pentru ce au ieșit în stradă" 2491:, approximately one hour before the polls closed on 16 November 2488: 2151: 1591: 1484: 1432: 1236: 984: 837: 259: 219: 91:

against Băsescu, placards depicting messages against Ponta and

6603: 6601: 4739:"Legally corrupt: Romanian politicians chase 'super-immunity'" 3643: 3176:"The World from Berlin: A 'Humiliating Show Trial' in Romania" 2956:"Manifestație de susținere a doctorului Arafat la Târgu Mureș" 1395:

On 13 November, thousands of students from 11 universities in

1024:– a satire of Ponta as a plagiarist. The phrase was coined by 866:

GALERIE FOTO – Imagini din a treia zi de proteste în București

756:

Romania is the country with the highest poverty levels in the

7002:

2019 disputes regarding the military cemetery in Valea Uzului

3027: 2487:

A video depicting potential voters waiting and protesting in

2091: 1575: 1424: 941: 2685: 6726: 6598: 6305:"East Europe Elections Surprise as Voters Reject Authority" 4026: 888:

Molotov cocktails vs tear gas: New wave of Romania violence

712: 224: 6681:

Articles and topics related to 2012–2015 unrest in Romania

6362:

Mihalache, Mădălina; Zachmann, Sebastian (25 March 2015).

3821:"Romania Railway Workers Start Unplanned Strike: Mediafax" 2993:"Protests Over Austerity Measures Turn Violent in Romania" 5085: 3962:"Constanța: Elevii navetiști au intrat în grevă japoneză" 3413:"Romania deputy PM Liviu Dragnea faces vote fraud charge" 2926:. East European Politics and Societies. pp. 668–684. 959:

The protests started with a 3,000-large demonstration in

853: 6985:

2013 Romanian protests against the Roșia Montană Project

6144:"Thousands protest presidential election across Romania" 5141: 4222: 4220: 3213:"Romanian parliament votes to suspend President Băsescu" 1582:

2013 Romanian protests against the Roșia Montană Project

6609:"Romanian PM Victor Ponta steps down, court case looms" 6085: 5824:

Andrei Luca Popescu; Otilia Ciocan (17 December 2014).

5405:"Klaus Iohannis cucerește Oltenia! | Ziarul De Calafat" 4587:"Romanians mobilise in protest against gold mine plans" 6265: 5770:"Joia Neagră. Guvernul Ponta atacă din nou democrația" 3103:"Germany, U.S: Romania power struggle hurts democracy" 2975:"Protesters gather for fourth straight day in Romania" 764:

in 2010. Other companies, including state companies –

4546:"Romania gold project at Roșia Montană back on track" 4217: 2823:"'Tiger' of Eastern Europe is waking up: Romanian PM" 1465:

National Alliance of Student Organizations in Romania

4580: 4578: 4027:

A. Neagu; V. Cozmei; R. Pantazi (13 November 2013).

1851:

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

1350: 6268:"Romania Opposition Chief Johannis Wins Presidency" 5887:"Ponta și Băsescu se văd unul pe altul în pușcărie" 5807:"Guvernul Ponta, amenințat de o moțiune de cenzură" 3627:"Bătaie la mitingul pro-Băsescu, organizat la Iași" 3085:"Romania's newly appointed PM names his government" 3028:Antoaneta Etves; Ionela Săvescu (16 January 2012). 6066: 5842: 5294: 4841: 2938:"Romania protests: PM Emil Boc calls for dialogue" 2686:Radu-Sorin Marinas; Luiza Ilie (4 November 2015). 1738:, National Integrity Agency) and would remove the 990:On the morning of 6 February 2012, Prime Minister 668:, were accused of vote rigging in the referendum. 6361: 4939: 4822: 4755: 4720:"Romanian MPs decriminalise political corruption" 4575: 4356:"Nicolăescu: Greva din sistemul sanitar, ilegală" 3644:Vasile Măgrădean; Andreea Tobias (14 July 2012). 2457: 2391:Known in Romanian press as "War of the palaces" ( 2386: 2371:the Liberal Christian Alliance, supported by the 651:and culminating with the suspension of President 7628: 5178: 5086:Alina Neagu; Luminița Pîrvu (12 December 2013). 4093: 3662: 2916: 2841:"Living standards falling in most Member States" 1849:economy of Romania". The U.S. Ambassador to the 1531:. The manifestation, called "March of Silence" ( 7489:2013 protests against the Roșia Montană Project 6246: 6227: 6181:"Irregularities cloud Romanian election runoff" 6178: 6141: 5530: 5528: 5253:(in Romanian). 11 December 2013. Archived from 5205:(in Romanian). 20 December 2013. Archived from 5063:(in Romanian). 12 December 2013. Archived from 5015:(in Romanian). 10 December 2013. Archived from 4966:(in Romanian). 10 December 2013. Archived from 4917:(in Romanian). 21 December 2013. Archived from 4868:(in Romanian). 15 December 2013. Archived from 4800:(in Romanian). 14 December 2013. Archived from 4584: 4494: 4384: 4362:(in Romanian). 20 November 2013. Archived from 4204: 4053:(in Romanian). 13 November 2013. Archived from 3959: 3192: 2972: 2530: 1934: 1710: 1030:and became widely used among Ponta's opponents. 955:Large demonstration in Bucharest, on 15 January 6401:"Art. 76 – Adoptarea legilor și a hotărârilor" 5275: 5142:Biro Attila; Sorina Ionașc (15 January 2014). 4606:"Romania on fire: The Romanian Autumn expands" 3533: 2882:Favorable Conditions and Electoral Revolutions 2761: 105:(3 years, 9 months and 23 days) 7682:Anti-austerity protests in the European Union 7530:July 2012 presidential impeachment referendum 7333: 7045: 6975:2012–2014 Romanian protests against shale gas 6704: 6266:Andra Timu; Edith Balazs (17 November 2014). 5993: 5804: 5767: 4890: 4736: 4717: 4660: 4622: 4603: 3837: 3711: 3689:(in Romanian). 24 August 2012. Archived from 3496: 3296: 3119: 3046: 2820: 2801: 2742: 2603:. Afterwards, on 10 November 2015, President 2503:. The protests targeted PSD candidate and PM 2399:) was a prolonged conflict between President 1717:2012–2014 Romanian protests against shale gas 734:from PNL launched their candidatures for the 176:Alleged involvement of politicians in justice 6357: 6355: 6302: 5525: 5104: 4698: 4679: 4317: 3447: 3338:(in Romanian). 1 August 2012. Archived from 2875: 1802:through these amendments to the Penal Code. 6122: 6086:Biro Attila; Clarice Dinu (15 April 2014). 4988: 4513: 3796:(in Romanian). 26 July 2013. Archived from 3769: 3274:(in Romanian). 20 July 2012. Archived from 2917:Gherghina, Sergiu; Mișcoiu, Sergiu (2013). 1058:People arriving with buses at a protest in 924:'We want him out': Anger burning in Romania 7340: 7326: 7052: 7038: 6711: 6697: 6339: 6199:"Romania sees protests ahead of elections" 5884: 5861: 5700: 4641: 4562: 4475: 4298: 4004:(in Romanian). 29 May 2013. Archived from 3901:(in Romanian). 21 May 2013. Archived from 3818: 3067:"Romanian prime minister Emil Boc resigns" 2782:"Riscuri și inechități sociale în România" 1576:Protests against the Roșia Montană Project 975:headquarters to blame the broadcaster for 331:Resignation of Prime Minister Victor Ponta 323:Four reshuffles of Victor Ponta government 65: 7415:Minister of Relations with the Parliament 6352: 6286:"Romania's Iohannis wins, Ponta concedes" 2704: 2586: 1125:. In October 2013, Deputy Prime Minister 944:and the denigration by Traian Băsescu of 804: 799: 636:decided to step down on 6 February 2012. 73:Protest against the Roșia Montană Project 7428:Minister of Transport and Infrastructure 7239:2012 presidential impeachment referendum 7229:2007 presidential impeachment referendum 6249:"A Chance for Lasting Change in Romania" 4940:C. Ivanov; C. Ionel (21 December 2013). 4823:V. Cozmei; V. Marin (15 December 2013). 4131: 2474: 1613: 1585: 1498: 1211: 1148:at a protest in Victory Square on 6 July 1140: 1053: 1015: 1005: 950: 738:. To everyone's surprise, ethnic German 371:(SANITAS, Cartel ALFA, FSLI, FSPC, FNSA) 6511: 6340:Postelnicu, Valentina (25 March 2015). 5295:Mădălina Mihalache (12 December 2013). 4842:Cătălin Lupășteanu (15 December 2013). 4112: 2906:] (in Italian). Bologna: Il Mulino. 2647: 2446:, in the presence of Interior Minister 1722:"Black Tuesday" and subsequent protests 1356:settlement of commuting subscriptions. 1281: 673:legislative election on 9 December 2012 7629: 6567: 6473: 6380: 4756:Adam Cernea Clark (16 December 2013). 3925:"2.000 de elevi din Covasna, în grevă" 2885:. Journal of Democracy. pp. 5–18. 2426:and threat. European Socialist leader 1915:, the leader of the Socialists in the 722:left the alliance and merged with the 7321: 7033: 6692: 6679: 6492: 5179:Cristian Pantazi (11 December 2013). 4585:Claudia Ciobanu (17 September 2013). 4205:Nicoleta Bănilă (18 September 2013). 2895: 2666: 1867:Similar reactions also came from the 983:, a NGO that has its headquarters in 790:Romania's admission into NATO in 2004 6454: 6247:Mark Gitenstein (27 November 2014). 6228:Andrei Schwartz (10 November 2014). 6067:Mădălina Mihalache (14 April 2014). 5864:"Războiul între Palate, episodul II" 5843:Ana-Maria Ludatser (14 April 2014). 3588: 3229: 2630:List of protests in the 21st century 1076:President of the Chamber of Deputies 981:South East Europe Media Organisation 783: 167:Underfunding of education and health 18: 7702:Riots and civil disorder in Romania 6980:2012 Romanian constitutional crisis 6179:Andrei Schwartz (4 November 2014). 6142:Brittany Levine (9 November 2014). 5276:Cătălina Mihai (11 December 2013). 4623:Laura Mureșan (22 September 2013). 4495:Raluca Florescu (9 December 2013). 3663:Alexandra Șandru (22 August 2012). 2973:Liliana Ciobanu (15 January 2014). 2648:Popescu, Andrei Luca (9 May 2015). 2564:National Anticorruption Directorate 1792:National Anticorruption Directorate 1736:National Anticorruption Directorate 1347:stood in the stations or on route. 1136: 1106:presidential impeachment referendum 657:presidential impeachment referendum 307:Institutional conflict between the 291:2012 Romanian constitutional crisis 13: 7535:December 2012 legislative election 7499:2014 Britten-Norman Islander crash 7439: 7121: 7059: 6892:1990 ethnic clashes in Târgu Mureș 6872:Timișoara student movement of 1956 6867:Bucharest student movement of 1956 6766:Revolt of Horea, Cloșca and Crișan 6548: 6417: 6205:. 15 November 2014. Archived from 5727:. 25 February 2014. Archived from 4891:Meredith Turk (17 December 2013). 4718:Valentina Pop (11 December 2013). 4699:Radu Marinaș (15 September 2013). 4661:Raluca Besliu (6 September 2013). 2879:; Wolchik, Sharon (October 2006). 2821:Holly Ellyatt (18 November 2013). 2743:Sorina Ionașc (17 November 2014). 2723: 2375:, threatens the government with a 1817:submitted, on 12 December, to the 1554: 1494: 1359:On 21 May, over 2,000 students in 1251:(1,500 participants, 25 July) and 709:unification of Moldova and Romania 675:, Victor Ponta – supported by the 103:12 January 2012 – 4 November 2015 79:, demonstration against president 14: 7718: 6877:Jiu Valley miners' strike of 1977 6669:from the original on 2 July 2023. 6645:from the original on 2 July 2023. 6621:from the original on 2 July 2023. 6512:Vintilă, Carmen (25 March 2015). 6303:Zoltan Simon (18 November 2014). 5105:Virgil Burlă (12 December 2013). 4737:Raluca Besliu (18 January 2014). 4680:Mihai Stoica (18 November 2013). 4604:Raluca Besliu (21 October 2013). 4514:Randy Gener (25 September 2013). 4318:Laura Mitran (25 November 2013). 4234:(in Romanian). 18 September 2013. 3838:Ioana Câmpean (16 January 2013). 3047:Florin Necula (27 January 2012). 1618:Protesters blocking traffic near 1351:Protests of teachers and students 7347: 6720: 6649: 6625: 6580: 6561: 6542: 6524: 6505: 6486: 6474:Ionașc, Sorina (26 March 2015). 6467: 6448: 6430: 6411: 6393: 6381:Ionașc, Sorina (25 March 2015). 6374: 6333: 6315: 6296: 6278: 6259: 6240: 6221: 6191: 6172: 6154: 6135: 6123:Ria Ivandic (24 November 2014). 6116: 6098: 6079: 6060: 6042: 6024: 6006: 5987: 5969: 5951: 5933: 5915: 5897: 5878: 5855: 5836: 5817: 5805:Florin Ghețău (31 August 2014). 5798: 5780: 5768:Mioara Costin (28 August 2014). 5761: 5757:(in Romanian). 26 February 2014. 5743: 5713: 5694: 5680: 5666: 5652: 5638: 5624: 5598: 5584: 5570: 5556: 5542: 5511: 5497: 5479: 5465: 5451: 5437: 5423: 5397: 5371: 5357: 5343: 5325: 5321:(in Romanian). 12 December 2013. 5307: 5288: 5269: 5239: 5235:(in Romanian). 11 December 2013. 5221: 5191: 5172: 5168:(in Romanian). 15 December 2013. 5154: 5135: 5117: 5098: 5079: 5049: 5045:(in Romanian). 10 December 2013. 5031: 5001: 4989:Alina Neagu (12 December 2013). 4982: 4952: 4933: 4903: 4884: 4854: 4835: 4816: 4786: 4782:(in Romanian). 14 December 2013. 4768: 4749: 4730: 4711: 4692: 4673: 4654: 4385:Claudia Spridon (23 June 2014). 4344:(in Romanian). 25 November 2013. 4288:(in Romanian). 25 November 2013. 4094:Raluca Filipescu (4 July 2013). 4083:(in Romanian). 13 November 2013. 3534:Carmen Vintilă (1 August 2012). 2539:prosecutors of arresting PSD MP 2368:switch between political parties 1963: 10,000–20,000 participants 1943: 1906: 1896: 1886: 1875: 1861: 1842: 1835: 1755:21–22 we want the democracy back 1302:The deplorable situation of the 1235:(15,000 participants, 22 July), 1231:(18,000 participants, 20 July), 1227:(50,000 participants, 26 July), 1165: 1156: 917: 899: 881: 860: 844: 828: 751: 703:, while the unionist movements ( 619:refers to a prolonged period of 23: 16:Protests against civil unfairity 7014:2020 Ditrău xenophobic incident 6902:Bridge of Flowers demonstration 6455:Dinu, Clarice (26 March 2015). 5994:Andreea Udrea (15 April 2014). 5701:Ioana Radu (21 February 2014). 5131:(in Romanian). 15 January 2014. 4635: 4616: 4597: 4563:Grace Wong (4 September 2013). 4556: 4538: 4507: 4488: 4469: 4459:"Highest Gas Prices: Countries" 4451: 4433: 4415: 4397: 4378: 4348: 4330: 4311: 4299:Carla Dinu (25 November 2013). 4292: 4274: 4256: 4252:(in Romanian). 1 November 2013. 4238: 4198: 4180: 4162: 4144: 4132:Garaiman, Roxana (5 May 2015). 4125: 4113:Ofițeru, Andreea (6 May 2015). 4106: 4087: 4069: 4039: 4020: 3990: 3972: 3960:Cosmin Vaideanu (28 May 2013). 3953: 3935: 3917: 3887: 3869: 3850: 3831: 3812: 3782: 3770:Irina Rîpan (4 December 2013). 3763: 3745: 3724: 3705: 3675: 3656: 3637: 3619: 3601: 3582: 3564: 3546: 3527: 3509: 3490: 3472: 3441: 3423: 3405: 3375: 3357: 3321: 3290: 3260: 3242: 3223: 3205: 3193:Liliana Ciobanu (7 July 2012). 3186: 3168: 3150: 3132: 3113: 3095: 3077: 3059: 3040: 3021: 3003: 2985: 2966: 2962:(in Romanian). 13 January 2012. 2948: 2930: 2910: 2889: 2869: 2833: 2814: 1969: 5,000–10,000 participants 1823:Constitutional Court of Romania 1247:(5,000 participants, 17 July), 1243:(7,000 participants, 25 July), 1239:(8,000 participants, 24 July), 794:into the European Union in 2007 711:, both in Romania and over the 7019:2023 Romanian teachers' strike 6807:1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt 6791:1888 Romanian Peasants' revolt 6493:Matis, Alina (25 March 2015). 5845:"Războiul penal dintre Palate" 5794:(in Romanian). 28 August 2014. 4642:Sorin Popa (19 October 2013). 4476:Carla Dinu (9 December 2013). 3819:Andra Timu (16 January 2013). 3712:Dan Zăvăleanu (8 March 2012). 3497:Cătălina Mihu (26 July 2012). 3389:. 30 July 2012. Archived from 3297:Rodica Pricop (22 July 2012). 3195:"Romanian president suspended" 3120:Alison Mutler (19 June 2012). 2802:Aurelia Alexa (31 July 2013). 2795: 2791:(in Romanian). September 2009. 2774: 2762:Anca Bernovici (12 May 2013). 2755: 2736: 2717: 2698: 2679: 2660: 2641: 2472:diaspora groups had demanded. 2458:Presidential election protests 2442:from Victor Ponta's office at 1975: 1,000–5,000 participants 1957: > 20,000 participants 1682:was attacked with tomatoes in 1121:. There were rumors regarding 1012:2012 Romanian political crisis 850:Romanian protests: In pictures 414:Supporters of the autonomy of 327:2015 Romanian political crisis 184:Irregularities concerning the 1: 6781:Wallachian Revolution of 1848 6568:Ciocan, Otilia (6 May 2015). 6538:(in Romanian). 25 March 2015. 6444:(in Romanian). 25 March 2015. 6329:(in Romanian). 25 March 2015. 6112:(in Romanian). 15 April 2014. 6056:(in Romanian). 14 April 2014. 6038:(in Romanian). 14 April 2014. 6020:(in Romanian). 15 April 2014. 5983:(in Romanian). 15 April 2014. 5965:(in Romanian). 13 April 2014. 5947:(in Romanian). 14 April 2014. 5929:(in Romanian). 13 April 2014. 5911:(in Romanian). 13 April 2014. 5870:(in Romanian). Archived from 4447:(in Romanian). 15 March 2014. 4429:(in Romanian). 15 March 2014. 4411:(in Romanian). 31 March 2014. 3883:(in Romanian). 23 April 2014. 3759:(in Romanian). 28 March 2013. 3741:(in Romanian). 13 March 2013. 2705:Mark Tran (4 November 2015). 2667:Boboc, Dinu (29 April 2015). 2635: 1981: < 1,000 participants 1798:, invoking the breach of the 1686:. In November, protesters in 1297: 1034:Soon after government led by 746: 647:to PSD-backed Prime Minister 7588:2014 diaspora voting scandal 6857:Ghimeș Valley peasant revolt 6837:1920 Romanian general strike 6776:Moldavian Revolution of 1848 5885:Ioana Radu (14 April 2014). 3633:(in Romanian). 21 July 2012. 3615:(in Romanian). 26 July 2012. 3578:(in Romanian). 26 July 2012. 3560:(in Romanian). 24 July 2012. 3523:(in Romanian). 20 July 2012. 3448:Ioana Toader (5 July 2012). 3371:(in Romanian). 24 July 2012. 3146:(in Romanian). 29 June 2012. 2531:Protests against MP immunity 1935:2014–2015 political tensions 1776: 1763:21–22 vrem democrația înapoi 1711:Resistance against shale gas 1503:March of Silence, 2 November 1331:. The Minister of Transport 1062:, Bucharest, on 26 July 2012 1022:My name is Paste. Copy Paste 1000:Foreign Intelligence Service 7: 7707:Student protests in Romania 7637:2012–2015 unrest in Romania 7388:Premiership of Victor Ponta 7285:2012–2015 unrest in Romania 6965:2012–2015 unrest in Romania 6771:Wallachian uprising of 1821 5862:Ioan Bujor (1 April 2014). 3986:(in Romanian). 29 May 2013. 3949:(in Romanian). 27 May 2013. 3931:(in Romanian). 21 May 2013. 3486:(in Romanian). 6 July 2012. 3256:(in Romanian). 9 July 2012. 3164:(in Romanian). 3 July 2012. 2960:Radio France Internationale 2789:Presidential Administration 2724:M., V. (16 February 2015). 2618: 1921:Radio France Internationale 1781: 1451:In May 2015, starting from 1183:demonstrations in Bucharest 60:2012–2015 unrest in Romania 10: 7723: 7540:2014 presidential election 7234:2009 presidential election 7224:2004 presidential election 6594:(in Romanian). 6 May 2015. 5337:Transparency International 4194:(in Romanian). 6 May 2015. 4176:(in Romanian). 5 May 2015. 4158:(in Romanian). 7 May 2015. 2347:In mid-February 2014, the 1951: 1928:Transparency International 1714: 1579: 1307:in the country, including 1276:Bucharest National Theatre 1009: 808: 671:After sweeping victory in 364:Anti-government protesters 349:Christian Liberal Alliance 186:2014 presidential election 7692:Labor disputes in Romania 7596: 7556:Exploitation of shale gas 7548: 7523:Elections and referendums 7522: 7471: 7450: 7437: 7380: 7361:Prime Minister of Romania 7355: 7293: 7252: 7244:2016 legislative election 7197:Elections and referendums 7196: 7173: 7132: 7119: 7092: 7067: 6997:2017–19 Romanian protests 6952: 6799: 6746: 6686: 2554:intends to appeal to the 2407:, the representatives of 1952: 1942: 1941: 1796:dissolution of Parliament 1070:, voted the dismissal of 998:, former Director of the 916: 898: 880: 875: 859: 843: 827: 822: 817: 681:Prime Minister of Romania 645:accusations of plagiarism 470: 465: 456:Pro-government protesters 342: 337: 272: 198: 127: 110: 99: 64: 59: 32:This article needs to be 7602:← Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu 7146:National Salvation Front 6887:1989 Romanian Revolution 6549:P., R. (26 March 2015). 6418:C., I. (25 March 2015). 3336:Central Electoral Bureau 1815:Democratic Liberal Party 1668:Palace of the Parliament 1529:Palace of the Parliament 1518:Protestul halatelor albe 1304:national railway company 724:Democratic Liberal Party 295:Suspension of President 7514:Colectiv nightclub fire 7463:Social Democratic Party 7260:September 1991 Mineriad 7164:People's Movement Party 6927:September 1991 Mineriad 6405:Constitution of Romania 6253:The Wall Street Journal 2593:Colectiv nightclub fire 2591:In 2015, following the 2373:People's Movement Party 1747:People's Movement Party 1562:People's Movement Party 1267:(10,000 participants), 1263:(10,000 participants), 1259:(15,000 participants), 1072:President of the Senate 191:Colectiv nightclub fire 7561:Plagiarism controversy 7444: 7126: 6990:2015 Romanian protests 6970:2012 Romanian protests 6937:February 1999 Mineriad 6917:February 1990 Mineriad 6852:Grivița strike of 1933 6741:and predecessor states 2896:Soare, Sorina (2011). 2587:November 2015 protests 2552:National Liberal Party 2492: 2397:Războiul dintre palate 2396: 1762: 1658:, protesters created " 1626: 1599: 1536: 1517: 1504: 1288:Oltchim Râmnicu Vâlcea 1220: 1196:Protestul ghilimelelor 1195: 1149: 1146:Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu 1063: 1036:Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu 1031: 996:Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu 956: 811:2012 Romanian protests 805:Mid-January 2012 riots 800:Timeline of the events 720:National Liberal Party 526:Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu 180:Parliamentary immunity 7566:Roșia Montană Project 7509:2015 political crisis 7484:2012 political crisis 7443: 7280:2012 political crisis 7209:1996 general election 7204:1992 general election 7125: 7100:Minister of Transport 6932:January 1999 Mineriad 6912:January 1990 Mineriad 6862:Legionnaire rebellion 6847:Lupeni strike of 1929 6817:1918 Bucharest strike 6812:Romanian Fleet mutiny 3589:R.M. (17 July 2012). 2625:Corruption in Romania 2568:U.S. State Department 2550:In this context, the 2486: 2434:After the scandal of 2332:Drobeta-Turnu Severin 1617: 1604:Roșia Montană Project 1589: 1502: 1215: 1144: 1057: 1019: 1006:2012 political crisis 954: 834:Romania Protests 2012 736:presidential election 693:Roșia Montană Project 431:Government of Romania 319:Roșia Montană Project 157:Roșia Montană Project 71:Clockwise, from top: 7458:Social Liberal Union 7381:Political activities 7112:President of Romania 7102:(1991–92; 1996–2000) 7093:Political activities 7073:President of Romania 6842:Tatarbunary Uprising 6827:Ținutul Sării revolt 6786:Republic of Ploiești 5353:. 20 September 2014. 4526:on 26 September 2013 3345:on 23 September 2015 3309:on 28 September 2015 3278:on 29 September 2015 3230:V.O. (9 July 2012). 2556:Constitutional Court 2387:"War of the palaces" 1926:In a press release, 1819:Constitutional Court 1740:conflict of interest 1642:(4,000 people), and 1282:2013 social protests 1271:(100 participants). 1080:Constitutional Court 1068:Social Liberal Union 689:hydraulic fracturing 677:Social Liberal Union 661:Constitutional Court 614:2012–2015 unrest in 600:Romanian Gendarmerie 452:Romanian Gendarmerie 423:President of Romania 303:Social Liberal Union 148:Political corruption 135:rate of unemployment 115:Dozens of cities in 87:, mass gathering in 7697:Protests in Romania 7420:Minister of Justice 7219:2004 local election 7214:2000 local election 6960:2006 Ferentari riot 6944:1993 Hădăreni riots 6292:. 16 November 2014. 6209:on 19 November 2014 6168:. 14 November 2014. 5725:Romania-Insider.com 5493:on 31 October 2014. 5339:. 13 December 2013. 5257:on 29 December 2013 5067:on 15 February 2014 5019:on 16 December 2013 4921:on 15 December 2014 4915:Yahoo! News România 4762:The Huffington Post 3800:on 14 February 2014 3454:Romania-Insider.com 3126:The Huffington Post 2403:and Prime Minister 2359:repeatedly refused 2349:Romanian government 1917:European Parliament 1869:European Commission 1800:Copenhagen criteria 1728:Chamber of Deputies 1646:(1,500 people). In 973:Romanian Television 387:Environmentalists 7583:Penal Code of 2014 7494:Revolt of Pungești 7445: 7127: 7106:Mayor of Bucharest 6922:June 1990 Mineriad 5662:. 2 February 2014. 5612:on 24 October 2014 5594:. 19 October 2013. 5552:. 5 February 2015. 5461:. 31 October 2014. 5447:. 24 October 2014. 5411:on 26 October 2014 5385:on 24 October 2014 4366:on 3 December 2013 4270:. 2 November 2013. 3393:on 12 October 2012 3091:. 8 February 2012. 3073:. 6 February 2012. 3017:. 16 January 2012. 2999:. 15 January 2012. 2997:The New York Times 2944:. 16 January 2012. 2597:series of protests 2493: 2440:influence peddling 2383:unconstitutional. 1751:Floreasca Hospital 1627: 1600: 1505: 1221: 1150: 1064: 1040:no confidence vote 1032: 957: 777:standard of living 697:Revolt of Pungești 403:Unionist movements 280:second Boc cabinet 205:Civil disobedience 170:Amendments to the 163:felling of forests 144:standard of living 7687:Government crises 7624: 7623: 7618: 7617: 7576:Privatization of 7570:Privatization of 7373:20 September 1972 7315: 7314: 7027: 7026: 6518:Evenimentul Zilei 6000:Evenimentul Zilei 5874:on 15 April 2014. 5433:. September 2012. 5111:Evenimentul Zilei 5013:Jurnalul Național 4552:. 28 August 2013. 4501:Evenimentul Zilei 4008:on 8 January 2014 3899:Curierul Național 3863:Evenimentul Zilei 3693:on 6 October 2014 3687:Jurnalul Național 3540:Evenimentul Zilei 3419:. 7 October 2013. 3034:Evenimentul Zilei 2673:Evenimentul Zilei 2577:Mircea Cărtărescu 2525:University Square 2484: 2377:motion of censure 2345: 2344: 2009:20 September 2014 1638:(10,000 people), 1634:(20,000 people), 1596:University Square 1444:in recent years. 1442:student movements 1179:and anti-Băsescu 1060:Revolution Square 965:Romanian diaspora 934: 933: 784:Political turmoil 770:Romanian Railways 610: 609: 577:Daniel Constantin 461: 460: 411: 372: 317:Rejection of the 286:Ungureanu cabinet 121:Romanian diaspora 89:University Square 53: 52: 7714: 7432: 7424: 7372: 7370: 7342: 7335: 7328: 7319: 7318: 7306:Klaus Iohannis → 7152:Democratic Party 7084: 7082: 7054: 7047: 7040: 7031: 7030: 7010: 6882:Brașov Rebellion 6725: 6724: 6713: 6706: 6699: 6690: 6689: 6677: 6676: 6671: 6670: 6653: 6647: 6646: 6629: 6623: 6622: 6605: 6596: 6595: 6584: 6578: 6577: 6565: 6559: 6558: 6546: 6540: 6539: 6528: 6522: 6521: 6509: 6503: 6502: 6490: 6484: 6483: 6471: 6465: 6464: 6452: 6446: 6445: 6434: 6428: 6427: 6415: 6409: 6408: 6397: 6391: 6390: 6378: 6372: 6371: 6359: 6350: 6349: 6337: 6331: 6330: 6319: 6313: 6312: 6300: 6294: 6293: 6282: 6276: 6275: 6263: 6257: 6256: 6244: 6238: 6237: 6225: 6219: 6218: 6216: 6214: 6195: 6189: 6188: 6176: 6170: 6169: 6158: 6152: 6151: 6139: 6133: 6132: 6120: 6114: 6113: 6102: 6096: 6095: 6083: 6077: 6076: 6064: 6058: 6057: 6046: 6040: 6039: 6028: 6022: 6021: 6010: 6004: 6003: 5991: 5985: 5984: 5973: 5967: 5966: 5955: 5949: 5948: 5937: 5931: 5930: 5919: 5913: 5912: 5901: 5895: 5894: 5882: 5876: 5875: 5859: 5853: 5852: 5840: 5834: 5833: 5821: 5815: 5814: 5802: 5796: 5795: 5784: 5778: 5777: 5765: 5759: 5758: 5747: 5741: 5740: 5738: 5736: 5717: 5711: 5710: 5698: 5692: 5691: 5684: 5678: 5677: 5676:. 28 March 2013. 5670: 5664: 5663: 5656: 5650: 5649: 5642: 5636: 5635: 5628: 5622: 5621: 5619: 5617: 5608:. Archived from 5602: 5596: 5595: 5588: 5582: 5581: 5574: 5568: 5567: 5560: 5554: 5553: 5546: 5540: 5539: 5532: 5523: 5522: 5515: 5509: 5508: 5501: 5495: 5494: 5489:. Archived from 5483: 5477: 5476: 5469: 5463: 5462: 5455: 5449: 5448: 5441: 5435: 5434: 5427: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5416: 5407:. Archived from 5401: 5395: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5381:. Archived from 5375: 5369: 5368: 5361: 5355: 5354: 5347: 5341: 5340: 5329: 5323: 5322: 5311: 5305: 5304: 5292: 5286: 5285: 5273: 5267: 5266: 5264: 5262: 5243: 5237: 5236: 5225: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5214: 5195: 5189: 5188: 5176: 5170: 5169: 5158: 5152: 5151: 5139: 5133: 5132: 5121: 5115: 5114: 5102: 5096: 5095: 5083: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5053: 5047: 5046: 5035: 5029: 5028: 5026: 5024: 5005: 4999: 4998: 4986: 4980: 4979: 4977: 4975: 4956: 4950: 4949: 4937: 4931: 4930: 4928: 4926: 4907: 4901: 4900: 4888: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4858: 4852: 4851: 4839: 4833: 4832: 4820: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4804:on 31 March 2014 4790: 4784: 4783: 4772: 4766: 4765: 4753: 4747: 4746: 4734: 4728: 4727: 4715: 4709: 4708: 4696: 4690: 4689: 4677: 4671: 4670: 4658: 4652: 4651: 4639: 4633: 4632: 4620: 4614: 4613: 4601: 4595: 4594: 4582: 4573: 4572: 4560: 4554: 4553: 4542: 4536: 4535: 4533: 4531: 4522:. Archived from 4511: 4505: 4504: 4492: 4486: 4485: 4473: 4467: 4466: 4465:. 29 April 2014. 4455: 4449: 4448: 4437: 4431: 4430: 4419: 4413: 4412: 4401: 4395: 4394: 4382: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4352: 4346: 4345: 4334: 4328: 4327: 4315: 4309: 4308: 4296: 4290: 4289: 4278: 4272: 4271: 4260: 4254: 4253: 4242: 4236: 4235: 4224: 4215: 4214: 4202: 4196: 4195: 4184: 4178: 4177: 4166: 4160: 4159: 4148: 4142: 4141: 4129: 4123: 4122: 4110: 4104: 4103: 4091: 4085: 4084: 4073: 4067: 4066: 4064: 4062: 4043: 4037: 4036: 4024: 4018: 4017: 4015: 4013: 3994: 3988: 3987: 3976: 3970: 3969: 3957: 3951: 3950: 3939: 3933: 3932: 3921: 3915: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3891: 3885: 3884: 3873: 3867: 3866: 3854: 3848: 3847: 3835: 3829: 3828: 3816: 3810: 3809: 3807: 3805: 3786: 3780: 3779: 3767: 3761: 3760: 3749: 3743: 3742: 3736: 3728: 3722: 3721: 3709: 3703: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3660: 3654: 3653: 3650:Ziarul Financiar 3641: 3635: 3634: 3623: 3617: 3616: 3605: 3599: 3598: 3586: 3580: 3579: 3568: 3562: 3561: 3550: 3544: 3543: 3531: 3525: 3524: 3513: 3507: 3506: 3494: 3488: 3487: 3476: 3470: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3456:. Archived from 3445: 3439: 3438: 3437:. 22 April 2016. 3427: 3421: 3420: 3409: 3403: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3379: 3373: 3372: 3361: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3344: 3333: 3325: 3319: 3318: 3316: 3314: 3305:. Archived from 3294: 3288: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3264: 3258: 3257: 3246: 3240: 3239: 3227: 3221: 3220: 3209: 3203: 3202: 3190: 3184: 3183: 3172: 3166: 3165: 3154: 3148: 3147: 3136: 3130: 3129: 3117: 3111: 3110: 3099: 3093: 3092: 3081: 3075: 3074: 3063: 3057: 3056: 3044: 3038: 3037: 3025: 3019: 3018: 3007: 3001: 3000: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2970: 2964: 2963: 2952: 2946: 2945: 2934: 2928: 2927: 2925: 2914: 2908: 2907: 2893: 2887: 2886: 2873: 2867: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2857:on 24 April 2013 2856: 2850:. Archived from 2845: 2837: 2831: 2830: 2818: 2812: 2811: 2799: 2793: 2792: 2786: 2778: 2772: 2771: 2759: 2753: 2752: 2740: 2734: 2733: 2721: 2715: 2714: 2702: 2696: 2695: 2683: 2677: 2676: 2664: 2658: 2657: 2645: 2485: 2436:Mehedinți County 2428:Sergey Stanishev 2409:Cotroceni Palace 2069:1 September 2012 1980: 1974: 1968: 1962: 1956: 1947: 1939: 1938: 1911: 1910: 1901: 1900: 1891: 1890: 1880: 1879: 1866: 1865: 1847: 1846: 1765:). Mobilized on 1509:Eugen Nicolăescu 1386:Constanța County 1341:passenger trains 1169: 1160: 1137:Related protests 1095:Roberta Anastase 1048:European Council 925: 921: 920: 907: 903: 902: 889: 885: 884: 864: 863: 848: 847: 832: 831: 815: 814: 641:political crisis 624:unpopularity of 603: 594: 581: 574: 567: 560: 530: 523: 512: 501: 490: 479: 405: 370: 344: 343: 106: 69: 57: 56: 48: 45: 39: 27: 26: 19: 7722: 7721: 7717: 7716: 7715: 7713: 7712: 7711: 7672:2015 in Romania 7662:2014 in Romania 7652:2013 in Romania 7642:2012 in Romania 7627: 7626: 7625: 7620: 7619: 7614: 7609:Dacian Cioloș → 7592: 7544: 7518: 7467: 7446: 7435: 7430: 7422: 7376: 7368: 7366: 7351: 7346: 7316: 7311: 7289: 7248: 7192: 7169: 7140:Communist Party 7128: 7117: 7088: 7085:4 November 1951 7080: 7078: 7063: 7058: 7028: 7023: 7004: 6948: 6832:Bender Uprising 6822:Khotyn Uprising 6795: 6761:Săbăoani revolt 6748: 6742: 6719: 6717: 6682: 6674: 6655: 6654: 6650: 6631: 6630: 6626: 6607: 6606: 6599: 6586: 6585: 6581: 6566: 6562: 6547: 6543: 6530: 6529: 6525: 6510: 6506: 6491: 6487: 6472: 6468: 6453: 6449: 6436: 6435: 6431: 6416: 6412: 6399: 6398: 6394: 6379: 6375: 6360: 6353: 6338: 6334: 6321: 6320: 6316: 6301: 6297: 6284: 6283: 6279: 6264: 6260: 6245: 6241: 6226: 6222: 6212: 6210: 6197: 6196: 6192: 6177: 6173: 6160: 6159: 6155: 6140: 6136: 6121: 6117: 6104: 6103: 6099: 6084: 6080: 6065: 6061: 6048: 6047: 6043: 6030: 6029: 6025: 6012: 6011: 6007: 5992: 5988: 5975: 5974: 5970: 5957: 5956: 5952: 5939: 5938: 5934: 5921: 5920: 5916: 5903: 5902: 5898: 5883: 5879: 5860: 5856: 5849:Ziarul Național 5841: 5837: 5822: 5818: 5803: 5799: 5786: 5785: 5781: 5766: 5762: 5749: 5748: 5744: 5734: 5732: 5719: 5718: 5714: 5699: 5695: 5690:. 14 July 2015. 5686: 5685: 5681: 5672: 5671: 5667: 5658: 5657: 5653: 5644: 5643: 5639: 5630: 5629: 5625: 5615: 5613: 5604: 5603: 5599: 5590: 5589: 5585: 5576: 5575: 5571: 5566:. 17 July 2012. 5562: 5561: 5557: 5548: 5547: 5543: 5538:. 25 July 2012. 5534: 5533: 5526: 5517: 5516: 5512: 5503: 5502: 5498: 5485: 5484: 5480: 5471: 5470: 5466: 5457: 5456: 5452: 5443: 5442: 5438: 5429: 5428: 5424: 5414: 5412: 5403: 5402: 5398: 5388: 5386: 5377: 5376: 5372: 5367:. 22 July 2012. 5363: 5362: 5358: 5349: 5348: 5344: 5331: 5330: 5326: 5313: 5312: 5308: 5293: 5289: 5274: 5270: 5260: 5258: 5245: 5244: 5240: 5227: 5226: 5222: 5212: 5210: 5209:on 26 June 2014 5197: 5196: 5192: 5177: 5173: 5160: 5159: 5155: 5140: 5136: 5123: 5122: 5118: 5103: 5099: 5084: 5080: 5070: 5068: 5055: 5054: 5050: 5037: 5036: 5032: 5022: 5020: 5007: 5006: 5002: 4987: 4983: 4973: 4971: 4970:on 18 June 2014 4958: 4957: 4953: 4938: 4934: 4924: 4922: 4909: 4908: 4904: 4889: 4885: 4875: 4873: 4872:on 22 June 2014 4860: 4859: 4855: 4840: 4836: 4821: 4817: 4807: 4805: 4792: 4791: 4787: 4774: 4773: 4769: 4754: 4750: 4735: 4731: 4716: 4712: 4697: 4693: 4678: 4674: 4659: 4655: 4640: 4636: 4621: 4617: 4602: 4598: 4583: 4576: 4561: 4557: 4544: 4543: 4539: 4529: 4527: 4512: 4508: 4493: 4489: 4474: 4470: 4457: 4456: 4452: 4439: 4438: 4434: 4421: 4420: 4416: 4403: 4402: 4398: 4383: 4379: 4369: 4367: 4354: 4353: 4349: 4336: 4335: 4331: 4316: 4312: 4297: 4293: 4280: 4279: 4275: 4262: 4261: 4257: 4244: 4243: 4239: 4226: 4225: 4218: 4203: 4199: 4186: 4185: 4181: 4168: 4167: 4163: 4150: 4149: 4145: 4130: 4126: 4111: 4107: 4092: 4088: 4075: 4074: 4070: 4060: 4058: 4057:on 21 June 2014 4045: 4044: 4040: 4025: 4021: 4011: 4009: 3996: 3995: 3991: 3978: 3977: 3973: 3958: 3954: 3941: 3940: 3936: 3923: 3922: 3918: 3908: 3906: 3905:on 4 March 2016 3893: 3892: 3888: 3875: 3874: 3870: 3855: 3851: 3836: 3832: 3817: 3813: 3803: 3801: 3788: 3787: 3783: 3768: 3764: 3751: 3750: 3746: 3734: 3730: 3729: 3725: 3710: 3706: 3696: 3694: 3681: 3680: 3676: 3661: 3657: 3642: 3638: 3625: 3624: 3620: 3607: 3606: 3602: 3587: 3583: 3570: 3569: 3565: 3552: 3551: 3547: 3532: 3528: 3515: 3514: 3510: 3495: 3491: 3478: 3477: 3473: 3463: 3461: 3460:on 12 July 2012 3446: 3442: 3429: 3428: 3424: 3411: 3410: 3406: 3396: 3394: 3381: 3380: 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1841: 1838: 1784: 1779: 1771:1989 Revolution 1767:social networks 1724: 1719: 1713: 1620:Foișorul de Foc 1584: 1578: 1564:, protested in 1557: 1555:Duty of 7 cents 1497: 1495:Doctors' strike 1366:Sfântu Gheorghe 1353: 1300: 1284: 1187: 1186: 1185: 1184: 1172: 1171: 1170: 1162: 1161: 1139: 1097:, supported by 1014: 1008: 923: 918: 905: 900: 887: 882: 861: 845: 829: 813: 807: 802: 786: 762:economic crisis 754: 749: 707:) demanded the 655:. Although the 606: 605: 597: 595: 591:Romanian Police 588: 586: 582: 579: 575: 572: 568: 565: 561: 559:(PM, 2012–2015) 558: 552: 532: 528: 524: 517: 513: 506: 502: 495: 491: 484: 480: 477: 457: 454: 450: 448:Romanian Police 446: 433: 425: 418: 412: 400: 399: 366: 365: 359: 350: 284:Resignation of 278:Resignation of 265:Online activism 123: 104: 95: 49: 43: 40: 37: 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7720: 7710: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7622: 7621: 7616: 7615: 7613: 7612: 7605: 7597: 7594: 7593: 7591: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7574: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7552: 7550: 7546: 7545: 7543: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7526: 7524: 7520: 7519: 7517: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7481: 7479:2012–15 unrest 7475: 7473: 7469: 7468: 7466: 7465: 7460: 7454: 7452: 7448: 7447: 7438: 7436: 7434: 7433: 7425: 7417: 7412: 7411: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7384: 7382: 7378: 7377: 7375: 7374: 7363: 7356: 7353: 7352: 7345: 7344: 7337: 7330: 7322: 7313: 7312: 7310: 7309: 7302: 7294: 7291: 7290: 7288: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7256: 7254: 7250: 7249: 7247: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7200: 7198: 7194: 7193: 7191: 7190: 7184: 7177: 7175: 7171: 7170: 7168: 7167: 7166:(2015–present) 7161: 7155: 7149: 7143: 7136: 7134: 7130: 7129: 7120: 7118: 7116: 7115: 7109: 7103: 7096: 7094: 7090: 7089: 7087: 7086: 7075: 7068: 7065: 7064: 7061:Traian Băsescu 7057: 7056: 7049: 7042: 7034: 7025: 7024: 7022: 7021: 7016: 7011: 6999: 6994: 6993: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6962: 6956: 6954: 6950: 6949: 6947: 6946: 6941: 6940: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6803: 6801: 6797: 6796: 6794: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6756:Bobâlna revolt 6752: 6750: 6744: 6743: 6735:civil disorder 6716: 6715: 6708: 6701: 6693: 6687: 6684: 6683: 6673: 6672: 6648: 6624: 6597: 6592:Realitatea.net 6579: 6576:(in Romanian). 6560: 6557:(in Romanian). 6541: 6536:Realitatea.net 6523: 6520:(in Romanian). 6504: 6501:(in Romanian). 6485: 6482:(in Romanian). 6466: 6447: 6442:Realitatea.net 6429: 6426:(in Romanian). 6410: 6407:(in Romanian). 6392: 6389:(in Romanian). 6373: 6370:(in Romanian). 6351: 6348:(in Romanian). 6332: 6327:Știrile Pro TV 6314: 6295: 6290:Deutsche Welle 6277: 6258: 6239: 6220: 6190: 6171: 6153: 6134: 6115: 6097: 6094:(in Romanian). 6078: 6075:(in Romanian). 6059: 6054:Știrile Pro TV 6041: 6023: 6018:Realitatea.net 6005: 6002:(in Romanian). 5986: 5981:Realitatea.net 5968: 5950: 5932: 5914: 5909:Realitatea.net 5896: 5893:(in Romanian). 5877: 5868:România Liberă 5854: 5851:(in Romanian). 5835: 5832:(in Romanian). 5816: 5813:(in Romanian). 5797: 5792:Știrile Pro TV 5779: 5776:(in Romanian). 5760: 5755:Știrile Pro TV 5742: 5731:on 5 June 2016 5712: 5709:(in Romanian). 5693: 5679: 5665: 5651: 5637: 5623: 5597: 5583: 5569: 5555: 5541: 5524: 5510: 5496: 5478: 5464: 5450: 5436: 5422: 5396: 5370: 5356: 5342: 5324: 5306: 5303:(in Romanian). 5287: 5284:(in Romanian). 5268: 5251:România Liberă 5238: 5220: 5203:Realitatea.net 5190: 5187:(in Romanian). 5171: 5153: 5150:(in Romanian). 5134: 5129:Realitatea.net 5116: 5113:(in Romanian). 5097: 5094:(in Romanian). 5078: 5061:România Liberă 5048: 5030: 5000: 4997:(in Romanian). 4981: 4964:Realitatea.net 4951: 4948:(in Romanian). 4932: 4902: 4883: 4866:Realitatea.net 4853: 4850:(in Romanian). 4834: 4831:(in Romanian). 4815: 4798:România Liberă 4785: 4767: 4748: 4729: 4710: 4691: 4688:(in Romanian). 4672: 4653: 4650:(in Romanian). 4634: 4615: 4596: 4574: 4555: 4537: 4520:The Journalist 4506: 4503:(in Romanian). 4487: 4484:(in Romanian). 4468: 4450: 4445:Realitatea.net 4432: 4414: 4396: 4393:(in Romanian). 4377: 4360:România Liberă 4347: 4329: 4326:(in Romanian). 4310: 4307:(in Romanian). 4291: 4286:Știrile Pro TV 4273: 4255: 4237: 4216: 4213:(in Romanian). 4197: 4179: 4161: 4156:Știrile Pro TV 4143: 4140:(in Romanian). 4124: 4121:(in Romanian). 4105: 4102:(in Romanian). 4100:România Liberă 4086: 4068: 4051:Realitatea.net 4038: 4035:(in Romanian). 4019: 4002:Realitatea.net 3989: 3971: 3968:(in Romanian). 3952: 3934: 3916: 3886: 3868: 3865:(in Romanian). 3849: 3846:(in Romanian). 3830: 3811: 3794:Realitatea.net 3781: 3778:(in Romanian). 3762: 3757:România Liberă 3744: 3723: 3720:(in Romanian). 3704: 3674: 3671:(in Romanian). 3655: 3652:(in Romanian). 3636: 3618: 3600: 3597:(in Romanian). 3581: 3563: 3545: 3542:(in Romanian). 3526: 3508: 3505:(in Romanian). 3489: 3484:Știrile Pro TV 3471: 3440: 3422: 3404: 3374: 3356: 3320: 3289: 3259: 3241: 3222: 3219:. 6 July 2012. 3204: 3185: 3182:. 9 July 2012. 3167: 3149: 3131: 3112: 3109:. 7 July 2012. 3094: 3076: 3058: 3055:(in Romanian). 3039: 3036:(in Romanian). 3020: 3002: 2984: 2965: 2947: 2929: 2909: 2888: 2877:Bunce, Valerie 2868: 2832: 2813: 2810:(in Romanian). 2794: 2773: 2754: 2751:(in Romanian). 2735: 2732:(in Romanian). 2716: 2697: 2678: 2675:(in Romanian). 2659: 2656:(in Romanian). 2639: 2637: 2634: 2633: 2632: 2627: 2620: 2617: 2613:Cioloș Cabinet 2605:Klaus Iohannis 2588: 2585: 2583:Constitution. 2560:Klaus Iohannis 2532: 2529: 2521:Klaus Iohannis 2469:European Union 2459: 2456: 2452:Crin Antonescu 2420:Gabriela Firea 2401:Traian Băsescu 2388: 2385: 2361:Klaus Iohannis 2343: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2334: 2328: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2319: 2317:Râmnicu Vâlcea 2313: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2304: 2298: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2289: 2283: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2268: 2267: 2265: 2262: 2259: 2253: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2244: 2238: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2223: 2222: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2208: 2207: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2193: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2178: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2163: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2148: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2133: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2118: 2117: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2103: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2088: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2073: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2058: 2057: 2055: 2054:4 October 2014 2052: 2049: 2043: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2028: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2013: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2004: 1998: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1984: 1983: 1977: 1971: 1965: 1959: 1953: 1950: 1949: 1936: 1933: 1932: 1931: 1924: 1913:Hannes Swoboda 1903: 1893: 1883: 1872: 1858: 1837: 1834: 1788:Traian Băsescu 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1723: 1720: 1715:Main article: 1712: 1709: 1580:Main article: 1577: 1574: 1556: 1553: 1537:Marșul Tăcerii 1527:, towards the 1525:Victory Avenue 1496: 1493: 1370:Târgu Secuiesc 1361:Covasna County 1352: 1349: 1345:freight trains 1299: 1296: 1283: 1280: 1253:Râmnicu Vâlcea 1217:Traian Băsescu 1174: 1173: 1164: 1163: 1155: 1154: 1153: 1152: 1151: 1138: 1135: 1087:Crin Antonescu 1010:Main article: 1007: 1004: 938:Traian Băsescu 932: 931: 914: 913: 896: 895: 878: 877: 873: 872: 857: 856: 841: 840: 825: 824: 820: 819: 818:External media 809:Main article: 806: 803: 801: 798: 785: 782: 758:European Union 753: 750: 748: 745: 740:Klaus Iohannis 732:Klaus Iohannis 653:Traian Băsescu 630:Boc government 608: 607: 598:(Chief of the 589:(Chief of the 584:Dan Voiculescu 553: 544:Klaus Iohannis 536:Traian Băsescu 533: 482:Crin Antonescu 472: 471: 468: 467: 463: 462: 459: 458: 428: 426: 421: 419: 398: 397: 394: 391: 388: 385: 382: 379: 376: 373: 363: 362: 361: 347: 340: 339: 335: 334: 333: 332: 329: 324: 321: 315: 305: 299: 297:Traian Băsescu 293: 288: 282: 274: 270: 269: 268: 267: 262: 257: 252: 247: 245:General strike 242: 237: 232: 227: 222: 217: 212: 207: 200: 196: 195: 194: 193: 188: 182: 177: 174: 168: 165: 159: 154: 152:Shale drilling 149: 146: 140: 137: 129: 125: 124: 114: 112: 108: 107: 101: 97: 96: 81:Traian Băsescu 70: 62: 61: 51: 50: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7719: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7677:2015 protests 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7667:2014 protests 7665: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7657:2013 protests 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7647:2012 protests 7645: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7634: 7632: 7611: 7610: 7606: 7604: 7603: 7599: 7598: 7595: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7575: 7573: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7553: 7551: 7547: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7527: 7525: 7521: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7476: 7474: 7470: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7455: 7453: 7449: 7442: 7429: 7426: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7390: 7389: 7386: 7385: 7383: 7379: 7364: 7362: 7358: 7357: 7354: 7350: 7343: 7338: 7336: 7331: 7329: 7324: 7323: 7320: 7308: 7307: 7303: 7301: 7300: 7299:← Ion Iliescu 7296: 7295: 7292: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7257: 7255: 7251: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7201: 7199: 7195: 7188: 7187:Elena Băsescu 7185: 7182: 7181:Maria Băsescu 7179: 7178: 7176: 7172: 7165: 7162: 7159: 7156: 7153: 7150: 7147: 7144: 7142:(before 1989) 7141: 7138: 7137: 7135: 7131: 7124: 7113: 7110: 7107: 7104: 7101: 7098: 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2394: 2384: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2351:entered into 2350: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2329: 2326: 2324:28 March 2013 2323: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2299: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2284: 2281: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2255: 2254: 2251: 2249:10 March 2014 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2209: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2045: 2044: 2041: 2039:22 March 2014 2038: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1999: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1985: 1946: 1940: 1929: 1925: 1922: 1919:, stated for 1918: 1914: 1909: 1904: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1878: 1873: 1870: 1864: 1859: 1856: 1852: 1845: 1840: 1839: 1836:International 1833: 1830: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1774: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1743: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1718: 1708: 1704: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1625: 1621: 1616: 1612: 1609: 1608:Roșia Montană 1605: 1597: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1573: 1569: 1567: 1563: 1552: 1548: 1545: 1540: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1521: 1519: 1515: 1510: 1501: 1492: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1449: 1445: 1443: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1393: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1348: 1346: 1342: 1336: 1334: 1333:Relu Fenechiu 1330: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1305: 1295: 1293: 1292:hunger strike 1289: 1279: 1277: 1272: 1270: 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505: 504:Alina Gorghiu 499: 494: 488: 483: 478:(PM, 2008–12) 476: 469: 464: 455: 453: 449: 444: 440: 436: 432: 427: 424: 420: 417: 413: 409: 404: 395: 392: 389: 386: 383: 380: 377: 374: 369:Trade unions 368: 367: 360: 357: 353: 346: 345: 341: 336: 330: 328: 325: 322: 320: 316: 314: 310: 306: 304: 300: 298: 294: 292: 289: 287: 283: 281: 277: 276: 275: 271: 266: 263: 261: 258: 256: 253: 251: 248: 246: 243: 241: 238: 236: 235:Hunger strike 233: 231: 228: 226: 223: 221: 218: 216: 213: 211: 210:Demonstration 208: 206: 203: 202: 201: 197: 192: 189: 187: 183: 181: 178: 175: 173: 169: 166: 164: 160: 158: 155: 153: 150: 147: 145: 141: 138: 136: 132: 131: 130: 126: 122: 118: 113: 109: 102: 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 74: 68: 63: 58: 55: 47: 44:February 2020 35: 30: 21: 20: 7607: 7600: 7572:Oltchim S.A. 7478: 7349:Victor Ponta 7304: 7297: 7284: 6964: 6953:21st century 6800:20th century 6749:20th century 6660: 6651: 6636: 6627: 6612: 6591: 6582: 6573: 6563: 6554: 6544: 6535: 6526: 6517: 6507: 6498: 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