714:
55:
respectively, and the current code being based on a modernized understanding of the law, within the
European context, in the 21st century. Each of these codes had been modified several times after their enactment, including in connection with a change of political regime, such as the installation of
338:
and various international treaties signed by
Romania. In this context, the code redefined the concept of criminal offences, adjusted prison sentences, amended the mechanisms by which criminal fines are calculated, eliminated prison sentences for juvenile offenders (replacing them with educational
351:
The code is divided into a
General Part and a Special Part. The former contains general provisions on offences, penalties, criminal liability, the status of minors, security measures, and prescription, while the latter regulates individual offences, which are grouped into twelve titles, plus an
313:
The Code was also republished in 1997. In post-communist
Romania, reforms to the 1969 criminal code have gone in several directions. On one hand, several offenses were decriminalized, as they were seen as outdated, or otherwise inappropriate for a democratic society. On the other hand, the
330:. According to official explanatory notes released prior to its implementation, the new legislation aimed to simplify and accelerate criminal proceedings, eliminate overlaps between Penal Code provisions and those contained in special laws, transpose
609:
206:
After the communists came into power, they made several changes to the Code, in accordance with communist ideology, but the Code remained in force until
January 1, 1969, when the new Ceaușescu Penal Code replaced it.
688:
294:
outlaws the death penalty. Many changes were made to the Ceauşescu Code in the 1990 - 2014 period, in order to rid it of communist ideology and modernize it, including with regard to
432:
187:
The 1936 penal code applied nationwide, providing for the first time a unitary legislation on the territory of
Romania, replacing the Hungarian Penal Code (known as
40:
is granted by the Code through the use of minimum and maximum sentences. The most recent version of the
Romanian Penal Code has come into effect on 1 February 2014.
683:
407:
693:
98:
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additional title comprising final provisions. Compared to the Code of 1969, the new code is longer, comprising 446 articles versus its predecessor's 363.
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457:
177:
was defined as being given in order to punish the crime, not the person committing it. The concept of individual punishments (as opposed to
482:
43:
In the modern history of
Romania, there have been four criminal codes, the first three codes being associated with the rulings of
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436:
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was not mentioned throughout the code; attempting to commit a crime was punished just as harshly as if the crime happened. The
411:
166:
518:
238:. The Code was now expressly mentioning the concept of complicity to crime. It also included specific definitions of
642:
391:[https://web.archive.org/web/20150308121055/http://www.just.ro/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=Wpo7d56II%2FQ%3D Archived
165:) was introduced in order to standardize the many changes in the legal system that have arisen as a result of the
703:
678:
371:
327:
733:
118:
533:"Art. 200 Cod penal Relaţiile sexuale între persoane de acelaşi sex INFRACŢIUNI PRIVITOARE LA VIAŢA SEXUALĂ"
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have become more severe, due to societal concern about violence during the difficult transition period.
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82:
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regulations into national law and ensure the observance of human rights provisions contained by the
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measures) and introduced new offences against persons, property, justice and professional conduct.
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and the framework of the sexual offenses chapter, with changes including the decriminalization of
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170:
738:
461:
335:
291:
86:
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The Code did not criminalize prostitution. Cannabis consumption was not a punishable offense.
673:
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A new Penal Code (Law no. 286/2009) came into force on 1 February 2014, together with a new
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the communist regime after World War II, and the fall of the communist regime after the
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The Penal Code of 1865 marked the beginning of unitary penal law in
Romania.
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192:
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The Penal Code of 1936 remained unchanged in terms of complicity to crime.
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32:. The Code contains 446 articles. The articles mention aspects such as the
25:
73:
The
Romanian Penal Code was first issued in 1865, under the leadership of
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307:
114:
658:
141:
303:
200:
519:"Marea Unire, premisă a uniformizării dreptului de Tudorel Toader"
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of law and the crimes that fall under the incidence of penal law.
662:
220:
137:
113:, the most extreme punishment that could be legally enforced was
29:
124:
Based on the Code, crimes were classified under three headings:
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was to receive the same punishment as the author of the crime.
125:
93:. The Code has been developed using several notions from the
408:"The Penal code of 1865: murder and other serious offences"
195:
since 1880, and the Austrian Penal Code (promulgated under
610:"Prostituţia NU mai e INFRACŢIUNE în noul Cod Penal"
223:
ideals. Capital punishment was a lawful punishment.
24:) is a document providing the legal basis regarding
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282:has been updated 29 times as of December 2008.
215:The Penal Code of 1969 has been developed under
89:, which since 1859 were united under a single
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657:
650:
636:
458:"Narcotics in the Interwar Romanian prose"
433:"Short history of prostitution in Romania"
321:
210:
153:
68:
227:has been introduced as a legal offense.
169:. The new Code was heavily updated; the
273:
231:were classified as a criminal offense.
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158:The Penal Code of 1936 (also known as
631:
483:"Codul Penal din 1936 - Lege5 Online"
234:Nonetheless, the Code retained the
181:) has been introduced in the Code.
13:
14:
770:
586:"Romania has a New Criminal Code"
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314:punishments for several violent
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578:
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377:
372:Penal Procedure Code of Romania
81:) standardized the laws of the
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77:. The Code (also known as the
1:
199:) which had been in force in
191:) which had been in force in
173:was expressly mentioned. The
119:Cruel and unusual punishments
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7:
397:Romanian Penal Code of 2014
355:
316:offences against the person
280:Romanian Revolution of 1989
58:Romanian Revolution of 1989
10:
775:
105:included the principle of
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710:
669:
278:The Penal Code after the
83:Principality of Wallachia
290:, as the post-Communist
236:presumption of innocence
171:presumption of innocence
561:"Noul Cod Penal (2014)"
292:Constitution of Romania
87:Principality of Moldova
22:Codul penal al României
322:The Penal Code of 2014
211:The Penal Code of 1969
154:The Penal Code of 1936
69:The Penal Code of 1865
734:Romanian criminal law
219:and in accordance to
197:Emperor Franz Josef I
179:collective punishment
99:Penal Code of Prussia
18:Penal Code of Romania
343:was decriminalized.
328:Penal Procedure Code
274:Post-1989 amendments
95:Penal Code of France
45:Alexandru Ioan Cuza
38:Judicial discretion
34:national boundaries
612:. 16 December 2013
507:Penal Code of 1936
393:2015-03-08 at the
286:was replaced with
284:Capital punishment
217:Nicolae Ceaușescu
160:The Penal Code of
111:capital punishment
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296:domestic violence
288:life imprisonment
136:. The concept of
121:were prohibited.
109:. Instead of the
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435:. Archived from
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134:contraventions
107:legal equality
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489:on 2015-06-11
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378:Bibliography
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341:Prostitution
336:Constitution
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260:prostitution
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91:Principality
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26:criminal law
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17:
15:
759:2014 in law
754:1969 in law
749:1936 in law
744:1865 in law
659:Legal codes
115:penal labor
728:Categories
616:16 January
594:16 January
571:2014-02-19
493:2013-07-13
468:2013-07-14
443:2013-07-14
418:2013-07-13
308:homosexual
300:parasitism
240:infraction
225:Parasitism
142:accomplice
547:"Adulter"
347:Structure
103:Cuza Code
79:Cuza Code
75:A.I. Cuza
356:See also
332:European
304:adultery
201:Bukovina
175:sentence
162:Carol II
97:and the
49:Carol II
663:Romania
248:perjury
244:attempt
221:Marxist
126:delicts
101:. The
64:History
30:Romania
694:Labour
684:Fiscal
699:Penal
674:Civil
589:(PDF)
268:theft
256:bribe
618:2015
596:2015
306:and
266:and
252:rape
132:and
85:and
51:and
16:The
661:of
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