392:
73:
136:
32:
372:. It has been argued that legislators have an incentive to enact tougher sentences than even they would like to see applied to the typical defendant since they recognize that the blame for an inadequate sentencing range to handle a particularly egregious crime would fall upon legislators, but the blame for excessive punishments would fall upon prosecutors.
367:
of the trial court. However, in some jurisdictions, prosecutors have great influence over the punishments actually handed down, by virtue of their discretion to decide what offenses to charge the offender with and what facts they will seek to prove or to ask the defendant to stipulate to in a
812:
Even a definitive sentence can be annulled in exceptional circumstances, usually predetermined within the jurisdiction in question. Most such cases arise from irregularities found in the judicial process after sentence has been passed. The most extreme examples arise in
808:
to which the case is admitted becomes the definitive sentence. The sentence usually has to be publicly announced; and, in most jurisdictions, has to be justified through an explanation of the juridical reflections and evaluations that lie behind it.
787:
has specified that in cases involving those over 18, courts should have regard to punishment of the offenders retribution, deterrence, reform and rehabilitation, protection of the public, and reparation to persons affected by their offences.
800:, and which aspects might be breaches of which specific legislation. Depending on jurisdiction, the stages leading up to the sentence may vary, and the sentence may be challenged by both parties up to a given degree of
450:
or body of judges is called upon to express their evaluation. It can therefore be issued in practically any field of law requiring a function of evaluation of something by a judge or judging body.
383:
law may subject a defendant to a significant increase in their sentence if they commit a third offence of a certain kind. This makes it difficult for fine gradations in punishments to be achieved.
796:
Usually, the sentence comes at the end of a process in which the presiding judge or judges have been enabled to evaluate whether the conduct in question complies or does not comply with the
570:
The sentence meted out depends on the philosophical principle used by the court and what the legal system regards as the purpose of punishment. The most common purposes of sentencing are:
553:, sentence that impose a determined action or a series of action as a penalty for the illegal act. This kind of sentence became better developed and remained in wider use in
824:
legislation, the definitive sentence is unique, in the sense that (except for appeal hearings) no individual can be judged or sentenced more than once for the same actions.
327:
1091:
337:
If a sentence is reduced to a less harsh punishment, then the sentence is said to have been mitigated or commuted. Rarely, depending on circumstances,
83:
350:
345:
charges. However, in certain legal systems, a defendant may be punished beyond the terms of the sentence, through phenomena including
834:
The sentence is typically determined by a judge and/or jury, and is issued in the name or on behalf of the superior authority of the
857:
1074:
298:, in which the period of imprisonment is the sum of all sentences served one after the other. Additional sentences include
200:
375:
Sentencing law sometimes includes cliffs that result in much stiffer penalties when certain facts apply. For instance, an
817:, when conclusive proof of innocence comes to light after sentence has been passed, leading to the sentence's annulment.
537:, also for other meanings condemnation. The sentences of condemnation are also classified by the penalty they determine:
399:
172:
1004:
922:
473:
the issuing body, typically a monocratic judge or a court, or other figures that receive a legitimation by the system.
237:
219:
117:
59:
179:
629:, punishment is morally acceptable as a response that satisfies the aggrieved party, their intimates and society.
918:
877:
153:
45:
363:
often mandate the minimum and maximum imprisonment terms to imposed upon an offender, which is then left to the
157:
934:
186:
1033:
852:
938:
921:"have held that, when determining whether a offense is 'punishable' by more than one year in prison, the
955:
914:
168:
862:
1106:
867:
784:
736:
710:
595:
590:
99:
999:
693:
585:
146:
716:
Offender is made incapable of committing further crime to protect society at large from crime.
979:
887:
625:
Punishment imposed for no reason other than an offense being committed, on the basis that if
489:
376:
360:
20:
975:
926:
872:
925:'s recent cases require an examination of the maximum sentence possible under the state's
446:
In modern Latin systems, the sentence is mainly the final act of any procedure in which a
193:
8:
759:
620:
600:
574:
95:
51:
1064:
91:
1069:
951:
831:, in that they represent an authoritative interpretation of the law in concrete cases.
724:
667:
644:
579:
275:
1008:
359:
generally specify the highest penalties that may be imposed for certain offenses, and
1046:
749:
380:
318:, which mandates the minimum period be served in an institutional setting such as a
1024:
2004) ("In ordinary usage, 'imprisonment' generally means physical confinement.");
391:
821:
805:
294:, where sentences of imprisonment are all served together at the same time, or a
1029:
882:
847:
835:
626:
485:
369:
287:
1100:
1017:
995:
828:
499:
346:
814:
797:
420:
342:
283:
251:
440:
432:
267:
554:
364:
271:
259:
976:"973.01 Bifurcated sentence of imprisonment and extended supervision"
477:
406:
331:
135:
905:
903:
415:
1021:
481:
476:
the jurisdiction and the legal competence single judges, courts,
356:
900:
698:
Society expressing its disapproval reinforcing moral boundaries
801:
651:
The individual is deterred through fear of further punishment.
435:
in both civil and penal trials, as well as the decision of the
410:
338:
323:
319:
303:
468:
sentences of mere clearance, of condemnation, of constitution.
82:
deal primarily with the United
Kingdom and do not represent a
447:
290:, or other sanctions. Sentences for multiple crimes may be a
279:
263:
462:
the legal field, or kind of action, or system it refers to:
310:, which is fixed on a number of days, months, or years; and
917:, p.20-21 & n.4 (9th Cir. Jan. 10, 2019) (stating that
804:. If appealed against, the sentence issued by the highest
1053:, vol. 117, Harvard Law Review, pp. 2548–2569
492:, meant as the various degrees of judgement and appeal.
1051:
Plea
Bargaining and Criminal Law's Disappearing Shadow
431:. Finally, it might also refer to the decision of the
405:
The earliest use of the term with this meaning was in
349:, loss of governmental benefits, or collectively, the
306:
to be free for about 8 hours a day for work purposes;
413:
on a given question, expressed in written or in oral
674:
The general public are warned of likely punishment.
160:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
19:"Sentencing" redirects here. For the episode, see
1045:
1098:
458:Sentences are variously classified depending on
686:Depends on others being aware of the sentence.
465:civil, penal, administrative, canon, sentence.
80:The examples and perspective in this article
637:Sentence must be proportionate to the crime
547:
531:
523:
515:
504:
425:
351:collateral consequences of criminal charges
60:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1092:Sentencing (Directgov, England and Wales)
783:In England and Wales, section 142 of the
238:Learn how and when to remove this message
220:Learn how and when to remove this message
118:Learn how and when to remove this message
858:Criminal sentencing in the United States
419:. It might also refer to the opinion of
390:
1065:"Criminal Justice Act: Section 142"
827:In many jurisdictions, sentences are a
334:until the total sentence is completed.
1099:
409:, where it indicated the opinion of a
764:Repayment to victims or to community
341:charges are mitigated and reduced to
158:adding citations to reliable sources
129:
66:
25:
703:Reflects blameworthiness of offense
400:United States Department of Justice
13:
741:To reform the offender's behavior
322:followed by street time period of
278:, normally at the conclusion of a
14:
1118:
1085:
911:United States v. Valencia-Mendoza
453:
41:This article has multiple issues.
396:Felony Sentences in State Courts
134:
71:
30:
878:Sentencing in England and Wales
565:
145:needs additional citations for
49:or discuss these issues on the
1057:
1039:
968:
944:
582:of the individual or of others
1:
893:
853:Criminal sentencing in Canada
820:In most jurisdictions, under
423:that was translated into the
282:. A sentence may consist of
7:
956:Legal Information Institute
841:
94:, discuss the issue on the
16:Decree of punishment in law
10:
1123:
1077:, 2003 c. 44 (s. 142)
791:
386:
18:
868:Incapacitation (penology)
785:Criminal Justice Act 2003
713:protection of the public
929:guidelines."); see also
746:Individualized sentences
1026:Commonwealth v. Conahan
510:, definitive sentences.
952:"Consecutive Sentence"
548:
540:sentence of reclusion,
532:
524:
516:
506:sententia instructoria
505:
426:
402:
1075:The National Archives
1014:United States v. Pray
980:Wisconsin Legislature
913:, ___ F.3d ___, ___,
888:Sentencing guidelines
615:Potential punishment
490:constitutional courts
394:
377:armed career criminal
361:sentencing guidelines
21:Sentencing (The Wire)
927:mandatory sentencing
873:Sentencing disparity
863:English criminal law
296:consecutive sentence
154:improve this article
100:create a new article
92:improve this article
935:23 I&N Dec. 849
498:partial, cautelar,
292:concurrent sentence
169:"Sentence" law
1070:legislation.gov.uk
775:Reparation schemes
725:Electronic tagging
647:of the individual
403:
328:supervised release
302:, which allows an
276:criminal procedure
1047:William J. Stuntz
1009:§ 2714(e)(4)
919:courts of appeals
781:
780:
750:Community service
427:senatus consultus
381:habitual offender
248:
247:
240:
230:
229:
222:
204:
128:
127:
120:
102:, as appropriate.
64:
1114:
1107:Sentencing (law)
1079:
1078:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1043:
1037:
1011:
990:See also, e.g.,
989:
987:
986:
972:
966:
965:
963:
962:
948:
942:
907:
634:Tariff sentences
606:
605:
551:
549:sententia agendi
543:sentence of fee,
535:
527:
519:
508:
429:
243:
236:
225:
218:
214:
211:
205:
203:
162:
138:
130:
123:
116:
112:
109:
103:
75:
74:
67:
56:
34:
33:
26:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1097:
1096:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1044:
1040:
1003:
984:
982:
974:
973:
969:
960:
958:
950:
949:
945:
908:
901:
896:
844:
822:double jeopardy
806:appellate court
794:
721:Prison sentence
680:Prison sentence
657:Prison sentence
568:
456:
398:, study by the
389:
244:
233:
232:
231:
226:
215:
209:
206:
163:
161:
151:
139:
124:
113:
107:
104:
89:
76:
72:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1120:
1110:
1109:
1095:
1094:
1087:
1086:External links
1084:
1081:
1080:
1056:
1038:
967:
943:
931:Matter of Cota
898:
897:
895:
892:
891:
890:
885:
883:Judgment (law)
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
848:Criminal costs
843:
840:
815:criminal cases
793:
790:
779:
778:
777:
776:
773:
770:
765:
762:
756:
755:
754:
753:
747:
742:
739:
737:Rehabilitation
733:
732:
731:
730:
729:Banning orders
727:
722:
717:
714:
711:Incapacitation
707:
706:
705:
704:
699:
696:
690:
689:
688:
687:
684:
681:
676:
671:
664:
663:
662:
661:
658:
653:
648:
641:
640:
639:
638:
635:
630:
623:
617:
616:
613:
612:Aim of theory
610:
604:
603:
598:
596:Rehabilitation
593:
591:Incapacitation
588:
583:
577:
567:
564:
563:
562:
561:
560:
559:
558:
544:
541:
511:
493:
486:supreme courts
474:
471:
470:
469:
466:
455:
454:Classification
452:
388:
385:
370:plea agreement
246:
245:
228:
227:
142:
140:
133:
126:
125:
86:of the subject
84:worldwide view
79:
77:
70:
65:
39:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1119:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1060:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1036:1991) (same).
1035:
1031:
1030:589 A.2d 1107
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1006:
1001:
997:
993:
992:State v. Cole
981:
977:
971:
957:
953:
947:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
923:Supreme Court
920:
916:
912:
906:
904:
899:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
845:
839:
837:
832:
830:
829:source of law
825:
823:
818:
816:
810:
807:
803:
799:
789:
786:
774:
771:
768:
767:
766:
763:
761:
758:
757:
751:
748:
745:
744:
743:
740:
738:
735:
734:
728:
726:
723:
720:
719:
718:
715:
712:
709:
708:
702:
701:
700:
697:
695:
692:
691:
685:
682:
679:
678:
677:
675:
672:
669:
666:
665:
659:
656:
655:
654:
652:
649:
646:
643:
642:
636:
633:
632:
631:
628:
627:proportionate
624:
622:
619:
618:
614:
611:
608:
607:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
581:
578:
576:
573:
572:
571:
556:
552:
550:
545:
542:
539:
538:
536:
534:
528:
526:
521:discharge or
520:
518:
512:
509:
507:
502:, preliminar
501:
500:interlocutory
497:
496:
495:the content:
494:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
472:
467:
464:
463:
461:
460:
459:
451:
449:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
428:
422:
418:
417:
412:
408:
401:
397:
393:
384:
382:
378:
373:
371:
366:
362:
358:
354:
352:
348:
347:social stigma
344:
340:
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
312:indeterminate
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
266:ordered by a
265:
261:
257:
253:
242:
239:
224:
221:
213:
202:
199:
195:
192:
188:
185:
181:
178:
174:
171: –
170:
166:
165:Find sources:
159:
155:
149:
148:
143:This article
141:
137:
132:
131:
122:
119:
111:
101:
97:
93:
87:
85:
78:
69:
68:
63:
61:
54:
53:
48:
47:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
1068:
1059:
1050:
1049:(Jun 2004),
1041:
1025:
1018:373 F.3d 358
1013:
991:
983:. Retrieved
970:
959:. Retrieved
946:
930:
915:No. 17-30158
910:
833:
826:
819:
811:
795:
782:
769:Compensation
694:Denunciation
673:
650:
586:Denunciation
569:
566:Philosophies
546:
530:
522:
514:
513:sentence of
503:
457:
445:
436:
424:
414:
404:
395:
374:
355:
343:manslaughter
336:
315:
311:
307:
300:intermediate
299:
295:
291:
284:imprisonment
255:
252:criminal law
249:
234:
216:
207:
197:
190:
183:
176:
164:
152:Please help
147:verification
144:
114:
105:
81:
57:
50:
44:
43:Please help
40:
909:See, e.g.,
772:Unpaid work
621:Retribution
575:Retribution
525:condemnatio
441:arbitration
308:determinate
268:trial court
108:August 2018
996:2003 WI 59
985:2019-02-01
961:2019-02-01
894:References
760:Reparation
670:of others
668:Deterrence
645:Deterrence
601:Reparation
580:Deterrence
555:common law
365:discretion
316:bifurcated
272:conviction
260:punishment
180:newspapers
46:improve it
1005:22 U.S.C.
517:absolutio
478:tribunals
407:Roman law
332:probation
210:July 2007
96:talk page
52:talk page
1101:Category
1032:, 1110 (
842:See also
557:systems.
533:damnatio
529:briefly
437:arbiters
421:senators
416:responsa
357:Statutes
256:sentence
90:You may
1022:3d Cir.
1020:, 361 (
1002:2003);
937:, 852 (
792:Process
609:Theory
482:appeals
387:History
258:is the
194:scholar
1007:
941:2005).
802:appeal
752:orders
411:jurist
339:murder
324:parole
320:prison
304:inmate
270:after
262:for a
196:
189:
182:
175:
167:
836:state
448:judge
433:bench
280:trial
274:in a
264:crime
201:JSTOR
187:books
98:, or
1000:Wis.
683:Fine
660:Fine
288:fine
286:, a
254:, a
173:news
1034:Pa.
939:BIA
798:law
439:in
379:or
330:or
314:or
250:In
156:by
1103::
1073:,
1067:,
1028:,
1016:,
1012:;
994:,
978:.
954:.
933:,
902:^
838:.
488:,
484:,
480:,
443:.
353:.
326:,
55:.
998:(
988:.
964:.
241:)
235:(
223:)
217:(
212:)
208:(
198:·
191:·
184:·
177:·
150:.
121:)
115:(
110:)
106:(
88:.
62:)
58:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
