40:
393:
492:. The waves were reported to reach 2 meters (6.5 ft) and inundated up to 1 kilometer (0.6 miles) inland. Presumably, an underwater landslide contributed to the notable tsunami, taking place on the steep shores of the continental shelf in the area. Although there were no reported casualties or severe damage in the wake of the tsunami, it reaffirmed the existence of a tsunami in the Caspian Sea and suggested that an underwater landslide that could be caused by an earthquake near the area could cause a life-threatening and potent tsunami.
58:
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estimated that $ 8 billion in damage occurred in the affected area. Other earthquake catalogs presented estimates of the loss of life in the range of 35,000–50,000, with a further 60,000–105,000 that were injured and 400,000 rendered homeless. The earthquake struck 30 minutes after midnight when most
512:
and other western countries, but they were not in a position to launch an extensive relief effort on their own. The
Iranian government and the governments that responded to the earthquake issued over 2,900 tents for the unhoused and camps for hundreds of thousands of people affected by the disaster.
431:
to break and creating a large flood and landslide, flooding and wiping out huge swaths of farmland. Other landslides also made many roads unusable, with one landslide next to Rudbar moving up to 20 million cubic meters of land. There were at least 223 landslides recorded within a 11.3 km
467:
also caused extensive damage in an area of about 80 km (50 mi) to the northeast of the earthquake's epicenter, ruining irrigation canals, pipelines, and splitting pavements apart. Water wells were also filled with boiled sand. In some of the smaller, hard-to-reach towns in the
308:). Devastation occurred in a 20,000 km (7,700 sq mi) area, causing extensive damage in several cities. A large aftershock also added to the destruction. Between 35,000 and 50,000 people died in the earthquake; another 60,000–105,000 were injured.
736:
858:
Vanani, Ali Asghar Ghaedi; Shoaei, Gholamreza; Zare, Mehdi (2021). "Statistical analyses of landslide size and spatial distribution triggered by 1990 Rudbar-Manjil (Mw 7.3) earthquake, northern Iran: revised inventory, and controlling factors".
383:
from the 1983 source fault to the 1990 earthquake source fault was insufficient. Stress modelling showed the 1983 earthquake had decreased crustal stress in the epicenter area of the 1990 earthquake rather than increasing it.
359:
imagery and aerial photographs have given estimates of 220 cm left lateral movement, better matching the magnitude and suggesting that a significant proportion of the displacement may have occurred off the main fault strand.
355:. Displacements estimated in the field gave an average of 60 cm left lateral motion combined with 95 cm of vertical motion, much lower than would be estimated from the observed magnitude. Optical correlation techniques using
989:
520:(ARF) occurred in the aftermath of the earthquake, with the number of victims needing dialysis support rising to 156, with a mortality rate of 14 percent. Patients with ARF were more severely injured and usually had
997:
368:
331:. The Arabian Plate is moving northwards relative to the Eurasian Plate and the dominant style of faulting in the western Alborz Mountains involves movement on major
1134:"The Rudbar Mw 7.3 earthquake of 1990 June 20; seismotectonics, coseismic and geomorphic displacements, and historic earthquakes of the western 'High-Alborz', Iran"
642:"The Rudbār Mw 7.3 earthquake of 1990 June 20; seismotectonics, coseismic and geomorphic displacements, and historic earthquakes of the western 'High-Alborz', Iran"
964:
558:; in one of these scenes a man discusses his marriage having taken place a day after the earthquake. Critics and scholars often refer to these three films as the
476:, or UMBs, buildings made out of unsupported brick, cinderblock or other masonry elements which will collapse during strong earthquakes like the Iran earthquake.
180:
1104:
1089:
in the
Country: Representations of Rural Space and Place in Abbas Kiarostami’s Life and Nothing More, Through the Olive Trees and The Wind Will Carry Us
817:
352:
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548:(1986), which was shot in a city that, by the time of the second film's production, is recovering from the earthquake. Kiarostami's next film
504:
that ended just two years prior. Due to anti-American sentiment in Iran at the time, with the earthquake taking place just 10 years after the
1431:
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39:
1109:"The Rudbar-Tarom earthquake of 20 June 1990 in NW Persia: Preliminary field and seismological observations, and its tectonic significance"
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1241:
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Redmond, A. D.; Watson, S.; Nightingale, P. (1991), "The South
Manchester Accident Rescue Team and the Earthquake in Iran, June 1990",
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57:
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https://www.buffalo.edu/mceer/catalog.host.html/content/shared/www/mceer/publications/NCEER-90-0017.detail.html%7CReconnaissance
771:
Sarkarinejad, Khalil; Ansari, Shoja (2015). "Did the 1983 Charazeh earthquake trigger the destructive 1990 Rudbar earthquake?".
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375:, killing 30 people. That earthquake although situated just southwest of the 1990 earthquake's epicenter, is unlikely a
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737:"Characterizing Near-Field Surface Deformation in the 1990 Rudbar Earthquake (Iran) using Optical Image Correlation"
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of the earthquake indicate that the event corresponded with left-lateral strike-slip faulting with an epicenter in
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351:. Surface rupture of about 80 km (50 mi) was observed along three segments of the previously unknown
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10 cu ft). The earthquake was one of the strongest recorded in the densely populated region of the
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has fictionally incorporated the earthquake and its effects on northern Iran into multiple films of his. In
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people were sleeping in their basic mud dwellings, a major factor contributing to the high death toll.
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International
Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics
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415:. The total area of devastation was measured to be 20,000 km (7,700 sq mi). The
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http://www.sensesofcinema.com/2003/abbas-kiarostami/kiarostami_rural_space_and_place/%7CDays
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https://historycollection.com/today-history-earthquake-killed-thousands-iran-1990/%7CThis
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542:(1992), a director and his son search for child actors from a previous Kiarostami film;
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1058:"Acute renal failure in earthquake victims in Iran: epidemiology and management"
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288:(Persian: زمینلرزه ۱۳۶۹ رودبار و منجیل) occurred on Thursday, 21 June 1990 at
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Ajorlou, N.; Hollingsworth, J.; Mousavi, Z.; Ghods, A.; Masoumi, Z. (2021).
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The morning after the mainshock, a 6.5 magnitude aftershock hit the city of
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https://academic.oup.com/gji/article/201/2/621/573760?login=false%7CField
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432:(4.4 sq mi) area with a total volume of 380,000,000 m (1.3
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170,000 blankets were also sent in to protect
Iranians from the cold.
319:. Northwestern Iran, lies within northern part of the complex zone of
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1020:"This Day in History; an Earthquake Killed Thousands in Iran (1990)"
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Medical supplies and equipment sent to
Iranian earthquake survivors
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403:
Widespread damage occurred to the northwest of the capital city of
1107:; Qorashi, M.; Jackson, J. A.; Priestley, K.; Wallace, T. (1992),
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1103:
734:
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680:
1056:
Atef, M. R.; Nadjatfi, I.; Boroumand, B.; Rastegar, A. (1994).
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survey and modelling of the
Caspian Sea tsunami of 1990 June 20
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335:, combined with subordinate left-lateral strike-slip faulting.
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Iran is one of the most seismically active regions in the world
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Day In
History; An Earthquake Killed Thousands In Iran (1990)
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620:
ISC-GEM Global
Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2009)
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508:, Iranians initially did not want to accept help from the
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The earthquake took place as Iran was recovering from the
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1233:
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929:"June 20, 1990 Earthquake of Northern Iran: An Overview"
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967:
Report on the
Northern Iran Earthquake of June 21, 1990
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UN Department of Humanitarian Affairs (21 June 1990).
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552:(1994) follows a film crew as they shoot scenes from
484:
The earthquake was accompanied by a small, localized
64:
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indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths
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524:, elevated muscle enzymes, and abnormal urinalysis.
27:
1990 severe earthquake centered in northeastern Iran
861:
Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment
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834:"Earthquake devastates Iran | June 21, 1990"
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1113:Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
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1402:indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year
990:"Earthquake shakes Iran's view of its enemies"
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640:Berberian, Manuel; Walker, Richard (2010).
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814:This day. 1990 earthquake devastates Iran
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296:region of northern Iran. The shock had a
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773:International Journal of Earth Sciences
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459:also recorded significant damage. In
744:Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
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443:Damage was extreme in the cities of
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1234:International Seismological Centre
1132:Berberian, M.; Walker, R. (2010),
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625:International Seismological Centre
25:
1823:
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1142:Geophysical Journal International
646:Geophysical Journal International
1164:10.1111/j.1365-246x.2010.04705.x
667:10.1111/j.1365-246x.2010.04705.x
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417:National Geophysical Data Center
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1228:United States Geological Survey
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708:United States Geological Survey
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1586:1968 Dasht-e Bayaz and Ferdows
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474:unreinforced masonry buildings
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46:unreinforced masonry buildings
13:
1:
1062:Quarterly Journal of Medicine
996:. 2 July 1990. Archived from
903:"Today in Earthquake History"
598:
338:
286:1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake
33:1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake
1173:BMJ: British Medical Journal
927:Nateghi, F. (20 June 1990).
703:PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog
496:Aftermath and relief efforts
7:
593:List of earthquakes in Iran
588:List of earthquakes in 1990
565:
545:Where Is the Friend's Home?
532:Acclaimed Iranian director
10:
1828:
1343:(6.7, 6.2, 6.1, May 30/31)
881:10.1007/s10064-021-02106-8
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407:, including the cities of
278:105,000–400,000 displaced
1761:2022–2023 West Azerbaijan
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1447:
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1185:10.1136/bmj.302.6791.1521
793:10.1007/s00531-014-1072-z
700:USGS (4 September 2009),
555:Life, and Nothing More...
463:, the damage was slight.
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1802:June 1990 events in Iran
276:60,000–105,000 injured
1541:1923 Torbat-e Heydarieh
617:ISC (19 January 2015),
550:Through the Olive Trees
516:An unusual outbreak of
381:Coulomb stress transfer
379:to the 1990 event. The
170:15 km (9 mi)
1812:1990 disasters in Iran
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274:35,000–45,000 killed
131:21 June 1990
720:Berberian et al. 1992
706:, Version 2008_06.1,
683:, pp. 1752, 1753
681:Berberian et al. 1992
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388:Damage and casualties
1766:2024 Razavi Khorasan
1741:2019 East Azerbaijan
1701:2012 East Azerbaijan
757:10.1029/2021GC009704
397:Strong ground motion
363:On 22 July 1983, a M
18:1990 Iran earthquake
1792:Earthquakes in Iran
1736:2018 Sarpol-e Zahab
1441:Earthquakes in Iran
1282:Earthquakes in 1990
1224:7.4 - northern Iran
1179:(6791): 1521–1523,
1155:2010GeoJI.182.1577B
1037:(Report). ReliefWeb
994:The Washington Post
907:earthquake.usgs.gov
873:2021BuEGE..80.3381G
820:1 June 2023 at the
785:2015IJEaS.104..309S
658:2010GeoJI.182.1577B
518:acute renal failure
373:Mazandaran province
290:00:30:14 local time
192: /
97:1990-06-20 21:00:14
34:
1631:1990 Manjil–Rudbar
1242:authoritative data
506:Iranian Revolution
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302:Mercalli Intensity
32:
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1651:2002 Bou'in-Zahra
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465:Soil liquefaction
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16:(Redirected from
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1807:History of Gilan
1787:1990 earthquakes
1696:2010 Hosseinabad
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539:And Life Goes On
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1308:Bishop's Castle
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1797:1990 in Iran
1726:2014 Murmuri
1716:2013 Saravan
1711:2013 Bushehr
1691:2010 Damghan
1661:2004 Baladeh
1641:1997 Ardabil
1636:1997 Bojnurd
1630:
1616:1979 Ghaenat
1475:1679 Yerevan
1399:
1394:
1377:
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1317:
1310:(5.1, Apr 2)
1298:(6.8, Feb 8)
1238:bibliography
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1096:
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1082:
1068:(1): 35–40.
1065:
1061:
1051:
1039:. Retrieved
1028:
1014:
1004:30 September
1002:. Retrieved
998:the original
993:
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938:30 September
936:. Retrieved
932:
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912:30 September
910:. Retrieved
906:
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843:30 September
841:. Retrieved
837:
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816:history.com
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531:
528:Use in media
522:nerve damage
515:
499:
483:
442:
427:, causing a
422:
402:
362:
353:Rudbar Fault
342:
323:between the
315:
305:
285:
283:
260:
245:$ 8 billion
242:Total damage
216:Rudbar Fault
201:37.07; 49.28
29:
1666:2005 Zarand
1621:1981 Golbaf
1601:1977 Naghan
1596:1977 Khurgu
1571:1957 Alborz
1551:1930 Salmas
1520:1895 Quchan
1515:1893 Quchan
1505:1853 Shiraz
1495:1780 Tabriz
1490:1778 Kashan
1485:1727 Tabriz
1480:1721 Tabriz
1470:1641 Tabriz
1460:893 Ardabil
1455:856 Damghan
1323:South Sudan
580:Iran portal
490:Caspian Sea
294:Caspian Sea
226:Strike-slip
199: /
105: event
1781:Categories
1706:2012 Zohan
1681:2008 Qeshm
1671:2005 Qeshm
1646:1997 Qayen
1626:1981 Sirch
1611:1978 Tabas
1566:1953 Torud
1500:1840 Ahora
1448:Historical
1383:Carlentini
1365:Lenin Peak
599:References
339:Earthquake
271:Casualties
135:1990-06-21
94: time
44:Collapsed
1746:2020 Khoy
1332:Alto Mayo
1296:Bohol Sea
1041:1 October
889:231682696
801:128759564
377:foreshock
321:collision
253:intensity
175:Epicenter
151:Magnitude
1656:2003 Bam
1591:1972 Qir
1193:29712007
818:Archived
566:See also
457:Nowshahr
453:Khalkhal
367:
1341:Vrancea
1240:and/or
1211:1855026
1202:1670205
1151:Bibcode
1097:Sources
1074:8140215
869:Bibcode
838:HISTORY
781:Bibcode
654:Bibcode
488:in the
486:tsunami
480:Tsunami
371:struck
306:Extreme
292:in the
261:Extreme
259:MMI X (
187:49°17′E
184:37°04′N
133: (
1529:Modern
1314:Gonghe
1302:Upland
1236:has a
1209:
1199:
1191:
1072:
887:
799:
461:Tehran
449:Rudbar
447:, and
445:Manjil
413:Manjil
409:Rudbar
405:Tehran
304:of X (
122:ComCat
109:366754
80:Tehran
1374:Luzon
1347:Panay
1189:JSTOR
1137:(PDF)
885:S2CID
797:S2CID
750:(6).
740:(PDF)
425:Rasht
212:Fault
167:Depth
115:USGS-
1232:The
1207:PMID
1070:PMID
1043:2023
1006:2023
940:2023
914:2023
845:2023
455:and
411:and
343:The
327:and
284:The
251:Max.
236:Iran
222:Type
154:7.4
117:ANSS
1197:PMC
1181:doi
1177:302
1159:doi
1147:182
877:doi
789:doi
777:104
752:doi
662:doi
650:182
429:dam
399:map
103:ISC
92:UTC
1783::
1226:–
1205:,
1195:,
1187:,
1175:,
1157:,
1145:,
1139:,
1117:82
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727:^
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1433:e
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1336:†
1327:†
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1285:→
1279:←
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791::
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664::
656::
434:×
365:w
263:)
159:w
157:M
137:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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