88:
161:
With no hope of escape, Rabbi Yom Tov advised the other Jews to kill themselves rather than convert. Josce began by slaying his wife Anna and two children. He was then killed by Yom Tov. The father of each family killed his wife and children and then Yom Tov stabbed the men before killing himself.
58:
165:
A handful of Jews who did not kill themselves surrendered at daybreak on 17 March, leaving the castle on a promise that they would not be harmed, but they were all killed by the mob.
172:
was part of a series of massacres against other Jewish communities in
England over the preceding weeks. It was in the wake of religious fervor created from preparations for the
138:
of York Castle to bring his wife and children, Rabbi Yom Tov and the rest of the Jews into the castle. The group, numbering about 150, then took refuge in the castle's
111:. When a fire accidentally broke out in the city on 16 March 1190, de Malbis used the opportunity to incite a mob to attack the home of
232:
1442:
1422:
1407:
217:
806:
641:
295:
107:
on 17 March 1190. The incident was provoked by
Richard de Malbis (Richard Malebisse), who was in considerable debt to
270:
Service of the
Synagogue: Day of Atonement, Part 1 Evening Service; pub. Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd., p. 38
1034:
1039:
1177:
1023:
861:
856:
193:
896:
791:
647:
434:
1381:
1294:
993:
786:
752:
1257:
901:
703:
653:
521:
440:
115:, the recently deceased agent of Aaron of Lincoln, killing his widow and children and burning the house.
1437:
1157:
1049:
926:
871:
635:
1412:
1289:
1279:
1273:
1216:
1167:
906:
1432:
1366:
1356:
876:
774:
698:
693:
346:
1427:
1284:
1222:
1114:
1059:
1005:
949:
119:
1094:
1089:
1064:
673:
544:
288:
1309:
1304:
423:
351:
326:
1417:
1371:
1263:
981:
921:
177:
8:
1386:
1192:
1142:
1124:
1099:
1054:
722:
668:
663:
623:
577:
143:
91:
891:
836:
1376:
1346:
1340:
1044:
999:
987:
931:
851:
762:
757:
629:
385:
886:
1351:
1314:
1299:
1245:
1074:
954:
911:
821:
801:
732:
688:
600:
538:
509:
450:
445:
391:
336:
331:
281:
155:
69:
62:
135:
1268:
1210:
1104:
1029:
1011:
969:
960:
866:
841:
811:
780:
768:
747:
658:
595:
562:
556:
503:
460:
429:
403:
380:
341:
112:
108:
1335:
1330:
1251:
1182:
1172:
1162:
1152:
1119:
1084:
1079:
975:
881:
846:
826:
796:
683:
572:
550:
470:
413:
408:
134:(Joseph), the leader of the Jewish community of York, gained permission from the
527:
498:
465:
87:
1401:
1147:
831:
567:
532:
515:
455:
397:
213:
173:
131:
162:
The tower was set alight so their bodies could not be mutilated by the mob.
1227:
1069:
1017:
737:
678:
475:
375:
320:
312:
81:
916:
612:
493:
418:
104:
1361:
1109:
606:
370:
77:
618:
485:
73:
587:
304:
181:
127:
94:, where the Rabbi Yom Tob and the Jews of York were killed in 1190.
50:
1202:
1134:
941:
742:
151:
123:
713:
169:
68:
attributed to him, transliterated "Omnam Kayn" or "Omnam Ken" (
38:
29:
1237:
964:
816:
727:
361:
147:
139:
42:
273:
65:
54:
46:
118:
The following evening, (the day of the Jewish feast of
16:French-born rabbi, victim of the 1190 York pogrom
1399:
289:
80:, the Day of Atonement. He was a student of
72:: "indeed thus") is still recited in Eastern
233:Yom Tob of Joigny at the Jewish Encyclopedia
296:
282:
86:
222:. London: David Nutt. pp. 109–111.
76:synagogues each year on the evening of
1400:
212:
150:by the mob demanding that the Jews be
277:
59:massacre of the Jews of York in 1190
13:
241:
14:
1454:
262:The Encyclopedia of Jewish Prayer
1035:Isaac ben Mordecai of Regensburg
1040:Ephraim ben Isaac of Regensburg
1178:Moses ben Isaac ben ha-Nessiah
1024:Judah ben Samuel of Regensburg
862:Elhanan ben Isaac of Dampierre
857:Isaac ben Abraham of Dampierre
226:
206:
194:History of the Jews in England
1:
1443:Anti-Jewish pogroms in Europe
897:Samuel ben Solomon of Falaise
792:Abraham ben Joseph of Orleans
648:Abraham ben Isaac of Narbonne
435:Shem Tov ben Abraham ibn Gaon
199:
1423:Medieval anti-Jewish pogroms
1382:Judah Leon ben Moses Mosconi
1295:Eliezer ben Samuel of Verona
994:Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin
753:Samson ben Joseph of Falaise
303:
7:
1408:12th-century English rabbis
1258:Isaiah di Trani the Younger
902:Judah ben Isaac Messer Leon
654:Levi ben Abraham ben Hayyim
522:Zerachiah ha-Levi of Girona
441:Meir ben Solomon Abi-Sahula
219:The Jews of Angevin England
187:
10:
1459:
1158:Eliyahu Menachem of London
1050:Eliezer ben Isaac ha-Gadol
927:Elijah ben Menahem HaZaken
872:Samson ben Abraham of Sens
636:David ben Levi of Narbonne
1323:
1290:Moses ben Meir of Ferrara
1236:
1201:
1168:Jacob ben Judah of London
1133:
940:
907:Joseph ben Samuel Bonfils
712:
586:
484:
360:
311:
98:
1367:Isaac ben Jacob ha-Lavan
1357:Isaac ben Samuel of Acre
877:Isaac ben Eliezer Halevi
807:Haim ben Hananel HaCohen
775:Moses ben Jacob of Coucy
699:Aaron ben Jacob ha-Kohen
347:Samuel ben Jacob ibn Jam
1223:Avigdor Cohen of Vienna
1115:Isaac ben Asher ha-Levi
1060:Yehuda HaKohen ben Meir
1006:Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi
950:Meshullam ben Kalonymus
1095:Jacob ben Judah Landau
1090:Joel ben Isaac ha-Levi
1065:Meir ben Baruch Halevi
674:Abraham of Montpellier
545:Simeon ben Zemah Duran
95:
1310:Isaac ben Melchizedek
1305:Joseph Colon Trabotto
990:(Maharam MeRotenberg)
650:(Raavad II, HaEshkol)
424:Isaac ben Moses Arama
352:Shemariah ben Elhanan
327:Chananel ben Chushiel
248:Encyclopaedia Judaica
90:
1387:Nethanel ben Isaiah‎
1372:Nathan ben Abraham I
1264:Obadiah of Bertinoro
982:Mordechai ben Hillel
922:Shemaiah of Soissons
146:, but the motte was
1276:(Shibbolei HaLeket)
1193:Berechiah de Nicole
1143:Aaron of Canterbury
1125:Isaac Asir HaTikvah
1100:Samuel ben Natronai
1055:Judah ben Kalonymus
1020:(Hagahot Maimuniot)
723:Rabbi Abin ha-Gadol
669:Asher ben Meshullam
664:Meshullam ben Jacob
624:Isaac ben Abba Mari
578:Judah ben Barzillai
1377:Hillel ben Eliakim
1347:Zerahiah the Greek
1341:Tobiah ben Eliezer
1213:(Terumat HaDeshen)
1045:Samson ben Eliezer
1000:Eliezer ben Nathan
988:Meir of Rothenburg
957:(Rabbeinu Gershom)
932:Ephraim ben Samson
852:Eliezer of Touques
763:Eliezer ben Samuel
758:Yom Tov of Falaise
630:Abraham ben Nathan
426:(Akeidat Yitzchak)
364:(except Catalonia)
96:
57:, and died in the
37:(died 1190) was a
1438:Medieval suicides
1395:
1394:
1352:Isaac ben Dorbolo
1315:Judah Messer Leon
1300:Hillel ben Samuel
1246:Nathan ben Jehiel
1188:Yom Tov of Joigny
1075:Israel of Bamberg
1026:(Yehudah haHasid)
955:Gershom ben Judah
912:Menahem ben Helbo
822:Peretz ben Elijah
802:Judah ben Yom Tov
733:List of Tosafists
716:(except Provence)
704:Jonathan of Lunel
694:Isaac of Narbonne
689:Samuel ibn Tibbon
601:Abraham ben David
539:Isaac ben Sheshet
510:Shlomo ibn Aderet
451:Maimon ben Joseph
446:Isaac ibn Ghiyyat
392:Joseph ibn Migash
337:Zechariah Aghmati
332:Dunash ben Labrat
256:Yom Tov of Joigny
158:to Christianity.
53:era who lived in
1450:
1413:Clergy from York
1269:Menahem Recanati
1211:Israel Isserlein
1105:Alexander Suslin
1030:Yaakov ben Yakar
1012:Eleazar of Worms
970:Asher ben Jehiel
961:Simeon bar Isaac
892:Samuel of Évreux
867:Baruch ben Isaac
842:Samson of Chinon
837:Jacob of Orléans
812:Yechiel of Paris
781:Judah ben Nathan
769:Isaac ben Samuel
748:Solomon ben Meir
659:Moshe ha-Darshan
642:Moses ben Joseph
596:Hachmei Provence
563:Azriel of Gerona
559:(Nimmukei Yosef)
557:Joseph ibn Habib
553:(Maggid Mishneh)
518:(Rabbeinu Yonah)
504:Nissim of Gerona
461:Abraham ibn Daud
430:Rabbenu Yerucham
404:Bahya ibn Paquda
386:Yom Tov Asevilli
381:Abraham ibn Ezra
342:Nissim ben Jacob
298:
291:
284:
275:
274:
235:
230:
224:
223:
210:
113:Benedict of York
109:Aaron of Lincoln
92:Clifford's Tower
1458:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1433:Forced suicides
1398:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1336:Elijah Mizrachi
1331:Isaac Abarbanel
1319:
1252:Isaiah di Trani
1232:
1217:Isaac of Vienna
1197:
1183:Moses of London
1173:Josce of London
1163:Hagin Deulacres
1153:Elias of London
1129:
1120:Simha of Speyer
1085:Judah ben Asher
1080:Ephraim of Bonn
976:Jacob ben Asher
936:
887:Moses of Évreux
882:Meir ben Samuel
847:Jacob of Chinon
827:Eliezer of Toul
797:Elijah of Paris
708:
684:Isaac the Blind
582:
573:Judah ben Yakar
551:Vidal of Tolosa
480:
471:Jonah ibn Janah
414:David Abudirham
409:Bahya ben Asher
356:
307:
302:
244:
242:Further reading
239:
238:
231:
227:
211:
207:
202:
190:
120:Shabbat HaGadol
101:
63:Hebrew language
45:and liturgical
33:, also denoted
17:
12:
11:
5:
1456:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1428:Jewish martyrs
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1338:
1333:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1242:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1214:
1207:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1139:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1003:
997:
991:
985:
979:
978:(Baal HaTurim)
973:
967:
958:
952:
946:
944:
938:
937:
935:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
778:
772:
766:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
719:
717:
710:
709:
707:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
645:
639:
633:
627:
621:
616:
610:
604:
598:
592:
590:
584:
583:
581:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
554:
548:
542:
536:
530:
528:Hasdai Crescas
525:
519:
513:
507:
501:
499:Menachem Meiri
496:
490:
488:
482:
481:
479:
478:
473:
468:
466:Moses ibn Ezra
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
432:
427:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
395:
389:
383:
378:
373:
367:
365:
358:
357:
355:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
317:
315:
309:
308:
301:
300:
293:
286:
278:
272:
271:
268:
258:
243:
240:
237:
236:
225:
214:Jacobs, Joseph
204:
203:
201:
198:
197:
196:
189:
186:
100:
97:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1455:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1280:Benjamin Anaw
1278:
1275:
1274:Zedekiah Anaw
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1148:Aaron of York
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
966:
962:
959:
956:
953:
951:
948:
947:
945:
943:
939:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
832:Chaim Paltiel
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
720:
718:
715:
711:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
597:
594:
593:
591:
589:
585:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
568:Moshe Chalava
566:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
533:Aharon HaLevi
531:
529:
526:
524:(Baal HaMaor)
523:
520:
517:
516:Yonah Gerondi
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
491:
489:
487:
483:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
456:Isaac Aboab I
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
436:
433:
431:
428:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
399:
398:Meir Abulafia
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
368:
366:
363:
359:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
322:
319:
318:
316:
314:
310:
306:
299:
294:
292:
287:
285:
280:
279:
276:
269:
267:
263:
260:Macy Nulman,
259:
257:
253:
249:
246:
245:
234:
229:
221:
220:
215:
209:
205:
195:
192:
191:
185:
183:
179:
175:
174:Third Crusade
171:
166:
163:
159:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
132:Josce of York
129:
125:
121:
116:
114:
110:
106:
93:
89:
85:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
31:
25:
21:
1343:(Lekach Tov)
1228:Isaac Tyrnau
1187:
1070:Israel Bruna
1018:Meir HaKohen
771:(Ri HaZaken)
738:Rabbeinu Tam
679:Joseph Caspi
476:Abraham Saba
376:Judah Halevi
321:Isaac Alfasi
313:North Africa
265:
261:
255:
251:
247:
228:
218:
208:
180:against the
167:
164:
160:
144:wooden tower
117:
102:
82:Rabbeinu Tam
34:
27:
23:
19:
18:
1418:1190 deaths
1248:(the Aruch)
984:(Mordechai)
917:Simeon Kara
787:Bechor Shor
638:(HaMichtam)
613:David Kimhi
494:Nachmanides
437:(Migdal Oz)
419:Joseph Albo
394:(Ri Migash)
250:, articles
142:that had a
105:York Castle
103:He died at
1402:Categories
1362:Moses Taku
1285:Judah Anav
1219:(Or Zarua)
1110:Jacob Weil
632:(HaManhig)
607:Gersonides
547:(Tashbatz)
371:Maimonides
266:Omnam Kayn
264:, article
252:Omnam Kayn
200:References
78:Yom Kippur
1324:Elsewhere
1014:(Rokeach)
1008:(Raavyah)
1002:(Ra'aven)
996:(Maharil)
626:(HaIttur)
619:Abba Mari
486:Catalonia
178:Richard I
136:constable
74:Ashkenazi
765:(Yereim)
609:(Ralbag)
603:(Raavad)
588:Provence
541:(Rivash)
512:(Rashba)
305:Rishonim
216:(1893).
188:See also
182:Saracens
152:baptized
148:besieged
128:Passover
51:medieval
1203:Austria
1135:England
942:Germany
783:(Rivan)
777:(Semag)
743:Rashbam
644:(Rambi)
615:(Radak)
535:(Ra'ah)
400:(Ramah)
388:(Ritva)
176:led by
156:convert
126:before
124:shabbat
49:of the
35:of York
24:Yom Tob
20:Yom Tov
1260:(Riaz)
972:(Rosh)
714:France
170:pogrom
122:, the
99:Pogrom
41:-born
39:French
30:Joigny
22:(alt.
1254:(Rid)
1238:Italy
965:Mainz
817:Rivam
728:Rashi
506:(Ran)
362:Spain
323:(Rif)
140:motte
43:rabbi
254:and
168:The
154:and
66:hymn
61:. A
55:York
47:poet
963:of
130:),
70:Heb
28:of
1404::
184:.
84:.
26:)
297:e
290:t
283:v
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