421:
872:
are written, words begin with voiced stops only and only voiced stops may occur in consonant clusters or suffixes. There is some inconsistency in the orthography to choice of stop intervocalically. The dictionary/grammar written by
Lissarrague prescribes voiceless stops intervocalically, but this is
1107:
404:, schools, and within family groups. As of 2014, there were 40 recorded speakers of the language, and by 2018-2019 there were more than a thousand, after work had been done on reviving the language. Today, books, songs, dance,
1344:
1239:
1086:
191:
357:
worked with
Gathang speakers Charlie Briggs, Bill Dungie, Charlie Bugg, Jim Moy, Albert Lobban, Hannah Bugg, Susan Russell, Ted Lobban, and Mrs Russell. During the 1960s, Swedish linguist
1376:
1340:
2261:
2198:
385:
452:
The phonology of the language was recorded by
Enright. The description that follows was extracted from the updated phonology by Amanda Lissarague (2010).
1369:
951:
2233:
2226:
2191:
1362:
1174:
2205:
2170:
843:
338:, and over the years lost their language and culture as they learnt European ways. Many Worimi people were forced into missions and
1349:
2219:
1252:
2212:
1210:
483:
1281:
796:
779:
229:
502:
2047:
1002:
There are many place names in New South Wales which have names ascribed to them in the
Gathang language, including:
335:
219:
17:
1324:
327:
275:
1404:
322:, many of the hundreds of Aboriginal languages fell into disuse. The Worimi people comprised 18 clan groups (
349:
published the first word list of the
Gathang language, which had been compiled by John Branch, and in 1900,
408:, and language workshops are all used to help revive and preserve the language, and it is being studied at
205:
818:
492:
331:
808:
640:
600:
537:
441:
89:
2256:
1527:
1446:
630:
319:
1314:
1253:"Revitalising the Aboriginal language Gathang is about learning and speaking it together every day"
620:
511:
437:
393:
94:
932:
697:
657:
610:
377:
1385:
687:
849:
754:
714:
677:
2129:
2091:
2074:
744:
667:
1235:
1082:
197:
8:
2081:
2057:
1277:
734:
444:. Gathang is the language name covering three dialects: Birrbay, Guringay, and Warrimay.
373:
350:
1354:
2136:
2112:
2105:
1941:
1202:
A Grammar and
Dictionary of Gathang: The Language of the Birrbay, Guringay and Warrimay
724:
582:
562:
382:
A Grammar and
Dictionary of Gathang: The Language of the Birrbay, Guringay and Warrimay
339:
899:
At the end of a word, a nasal may also be pronounced as its corresponding stop. (E.g.
182:
2150:
2119:
2040:
1534:
1520:
1320:
1206:
866:
765:
577:
528:
433:
225:
1282:"The Language, Weapons and Manufactures of the Aborigines of Port Stephens, N.S.W."
1042:
869:
572:
362:
307:
303:
104:
2143:
2098:
2064:
1945:
1933:
1389:
1200:
889:
567:
99:
81:
53:
210:
1949:
1471:
1310:
1010:
829:
397:
354:
2250:
2015:
1953:
1625:
1141:
941:
291:
63:
1877:
1849:
1730:
1604:
1436:
405:
165:
156:
1980:
1870:
1821:
1723:
1660:
1492:
1166:
1032:
862:
790:
465:
358:
1856:
1842:
1695:
1653:
1618:
1576:
1569:
1555:
708:
477:
470:
1994:
1898:
1891:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1737:
1674:
1429:
1345:
Australian
Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
1240:
Australian
Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
1087:
Australian
Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
922:
522:
346:
175:
149:
1464:
1171:
An Attempt towards a Comparative Grammar of Two Australian Languages
420:
2001:
1912:
1905:
1828:
1807:
1800:
1716:
1688:
1681:
1639:
1632:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1548:
1506:
1499:
1478:
888:
There is some evidence of a merger of the dental and palatal stops/
401:
400:. The number of speakers soon grew, and classes were introduced at
295:
237:
71:
1238:
Gathang language at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database,
353:
published a description and word list. In 1929, American linguist
2008:
1987:
1926:
1884:
1863:
1835:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1709:
1702:
1646:
1611:
1513:
1485:
589:
366:
299:
233:
67:
2022:
1919:
1289:
Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales
973:
425:
1814:
1744:
1667:
1541:
1422:
989:
389:
1962:
1562:
1205:. Muurrbay Aboriginal Language & Culture Co-operative.
236:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
1384:
1085:
Gathang at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database,
424:
Traditional lands of Australian Aboriginal tribes around
409:
306:
during the latter half of the 20th century, but has been
892:, with free variation existing in many words, such as
877:- axe. The phonemes /p/ and /b/ may contrast, such as
326:), all of whom spoke Gathang. The four ngurras of the
1146:
Muurrbay Aboriginal Language and Culture Co-operative
386:
Muurrbay Aboriginal Language and Culture Co-operative
1341:
Bibliography of Worimi people and language resources
278:or group of dialects. The three known dialects are
2262:Indigenous Australian languages in New South Wales
1319:. Cambridge University Press. p. xxxiv, etc.
1316:Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development
380:has been under way in the 21st century. In 2010,
2248:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
384:, by Amanda Lissarrague, was published, and the
549:There is also the diphthong "ay", pronounced .
1370:
1181:
906:Intervocalically, "b" may be pronounced as .
365:, Eddie Lobban and Fred Bugg, and compiled a
1142:"Gathang (Birrbay, Guringay & Warrimay)"
1198:
372:For many years the language appeared to be
1377:
1363:
1175:Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
2171:List of Australian Aboriginal group names
1231:
1229:
419:
1276:
1125:
230:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14:
2249:
1226:
1165:
1076:
1358:
1309:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
313:
1250:
130:Gadjang (Kattang, Katthang, Gathang)
1025:("swampland between two mountains")
24:
1303:
1091:
1013:" or "view of the Southern Cross")
25:
2273:
1440:(mainly Queensland bordering NSW)
1350:The Kutthung, or Kattang, dialect
1334:
848:
842:
817:
807:
795:
778:
753:
743:
733:
723:
713:
696:
686:
676:
666:
656:
639:
629:
619:
609:
599:
536:
527:
510:
501:
491:
482:
415:
330:area moved to the settlement at
873:violated many times such as in
336:Australian Agricultural Company
1270:
1244:
1159:
1056:
432:Gathang is closely related to
361:made recordings of two Worimi
276:Australian Aboriginal language
27:Australian Aboriginal language
13:
1:
1251:Sati, Wiriya (2 April 2019).
1069:
552:
274:(also spelt Warrimay), is an
1199:Lissarrague, Amanda (2010).
1062:This map is indicative only.
1049:
447:
7:
388:started running classes in
10:
2278:
1397:Aboriginal language groups
1019:("place of white flowers")
310:during the 21st century.
45:Lower North Coast language
2180:
2160:
2032:
1972:
1456:
1447:Western Bundjalung people
1414:
1396:
1112:Worimi Conservation Lands
885:- head. This is unclear.
828:
794:
789:
764:
707:
588:
559:
526:
455:
369:of the Gathang language.
320:colonisation of Australia
216:
204:
190:
173:
147:
142:
124:
78:
59:
49:
44:
39:
34:
914:Some Gathang words are:
909:
290:, which are used by the
270:and previously known as
1661:Kawambarai/Gawambaraay
429:
218:This article contains
2186:By state or territory
1405:Yugambeh-Bandjalangic
749:⟨ny/yn⟩
423:
169: – Birrpayi
2033:Aboriginal languages
867:voiceless and voiced
894:djinggarr~dhinggarr
302:peoples. It became
2199:Northern Territory
1528:Western Bundjalung
1457:Aboriginal peoples
1415:Aboriginal nations
854:⟨rr⟩
739:⟨nh⟩
729:⟨ng⟩
692:⟨dj⟩
682:⟨dh⟩
635:⟨tj⟩
625:⟨th⟩
542:⟨aa⟩
516:⟨uu⟩
497:⟨ii⟩
430:
314:History and status
2244:
2243:
2234:Western Australia
1591:Gidhabal/Githabul
1212:978-0-9775351-7-0
1041:("place of black
881:- baby, boy, and
859:
858:
823:⟨r⟩
813:⟨y⟩
801:⟨w⟩
784:⟨l⟩
759:⟨n⟩
719:⟨m⟩
702:⟨d⟩
672:⟨g⟩
662:⟨b⟩
645:⟨t⟩
615:⟨k⟩
605:⟨p⟩
547:
546:
533:⟨a⟩
507:⟨u⟩
488:⟨i⟩
428:, New South Wales
244:
243:
226:rendering support
222:phonetic symbols.
136:Birbay (Birrpayi)
16:(Redirected from
2269:
2257:Worimi languages
2236:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2173:
2166:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2125:
2123:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2085:
2084:(or Yuwaaliyaay)
2077:
2070:
2068:
2060:
2053:
2051:
2043:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1973:Aboriginal clans
1965:
1956:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1598:Gringai/Guringay
1593:
1586:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1474:
1467:
1449:
1442:
1441:
1432:
1425:
1407:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1356:
1355:
1330:
1297:
1296:
1286:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1248:
1242:
1233:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1196:
1179:
1178:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1138:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1104:
1089:
1080:
1063:
1060:
896:- silver, grey.
855:
852:
846:
824:
821:
814:
811:
802:
799:
785:
782:
760:
757:
750:
747:
740:
737:
730:
727:
720:
717:
703:
700:
693:
690:
683:
680:
673:
670:
663:
660:
653:
646:
643:
636:
633:
626:
623:
616:
613:
606:
603:
596:
557:
556:
543:
540:
534:
531:
517:
514:
508:
505:
498:
495:
489:
486:
460:
459:
438:Yuin–Kuric group
248:Gathang language
200:
185:
168:
162:Individual code:
160:– inclusive code
159:
152:
84:
32:
31:
21:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2213:South Australia
2211:
2204:
2197:
2192:New South Wales
2190:
2185:
2176:
2169:
2164:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2063:
2056:
2050:(or Bundjalung)
2049:
2046:
2039:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1968:
1961:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1452:
1445:
1439:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1410:
1403:
1392:
1390:New South Wales
1383:
1337:
1327:
1311:Dixon, R. M. W.
1306:
1304:Further reading
1301:
1300:
1284:
1275:
1271:
1261:
1259:
1249:
1245:
1234:
1227:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1197:
1182:
1167:Holmer, Nils M.
1164:
1160:
1150:
1148:
1140:
1139:
1126:
1116:
1114:
1106:
1105:
1092:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1052:
912:
853:
822:
812:
800:
783:
758:
748:
738:
728:
718:
701:
691:
681:
671:
661:
651:
644:
634:
624:
614:
604:
594:
555:
541:
532:
515:
506:
496:
487:
458:
450:
418:
378:revitalisation
334:to work at the
316:
272:Worimi language
224:Without proper
196:
181:
164:
163:
161:
155:
148:
133:Worimi (Warimi)
120:
85:
82:Language family
80:
54:New South Wales
28:
23:
22:
18:Worimi language
15:
12:
11:
5:
2275:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2078:
2071:
2061:
2054:
2044:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1930:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1706:
1699:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1671:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1580:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1468:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1443:
1433:
1426:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1382:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1336:
1335:External links
1333:
1332:
1331:
1325:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1278:Enright, W. J.
1269:
1243:
1225:
1211:
1180:
1158:
1124:
1090:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1036:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1011:Southern Cross
1000:
999:
993:
983:
977:
967:
961:
955:
945:
942:digging sticks
935:
926:
911:
908:
857:
856:
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
826:
825:
815:
805:
803:
793:
787:
786:
776:
774:
772:
770:
768:
762:
761:
751:
741:
731:
721:
711:
705:
704:
694:
684:
674:
664:
654:
648:
647:
637:
627:
617:
607:
597:
592:
586:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
554:
551:
545:
544:
525:
519:
518:
499:
480:
474:
473:
468:
463:
457:
454:
449:
446:
417:
416:Classification
414:
398:Port Macquarie
355:Gerhardt Laves
315:
312:
242:
241:
228:, you may see
214:
213:
208:
202:
201:
194:
188:
187:
179:
171:
170:
153:
145:
144:
143:Language codes
140:
139:
138:
137:
134:
131:
126:
122:
121:
119:
118:
117:
116:
115:
114:
113:
112:
88:
86:
79:
76:
75:
61:
57:
56:
51:
47:
46:
42:
41:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2274:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2124:
2122:(or Dharawal)
2117:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2052:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2016:Wallumettagal
2013:
2010:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1942:Wanggeriburra
1938:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1781:
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328:Port Stephens
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199:
195:
193:
189:
186: Worimi
184:
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43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1878:Wirraayaraay
1850:Wangaaypuwan
1731:Nhaawuparlku
1605:Gumbaynggirr
1315:
1292:
1288:
1272:
1262:12 September
1260:. Retrieved
1256:
1246:
1216:. Retrieved
1201:
1173:. Canberra:
1170:
1161:
1149:. Retrieved
1145:
1115:. Retrieved
1111:
1108:"The Worimi"
1078:
1058:
1038:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1006:
1001:
995:
985:
979:
969:
966:(freshwater)
963:
957:
947:
937:
928:
918:
913:
905:
900:
898:
893:
887:
882:
878:
874:
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548:
451:
442:Pama–Nyungan
431:
406:storytelling
381:
371:
351:W.J. Enright
344:
323:
317:
287:
283:
279:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
245:
217:
174:
109:
90:Pama–Nyungan
66:(Warrimay),
29:
2130:Wemba Wemba
2092:Madhi Madhi
2082:Gamilaraay
2075:Dyirringany
2048:Bandjalang
1981:Cammeraygal
1871:Wemba-Wemba
1822:Yuwaalaraay
1724:Muthi Muthi
1493:Barranbinya
1388:peoples in
1033:native plum
1031:("place of
901:bakan~bakat
863:orthography
861:Within the
791:Approximant
359:Nils Holmer
232:instead of
2251:Categories
2206:Queensland
2099:Nganywyana
2058:Darkinjung
1946:Kombumerri
1857:Wanjiwalku
1843:Wandandian
1696:Malyangapa
1668:Kula/Kurnu
1654:Karenggapa
1619:Himberrong
1577:Gandangara
1570:Gamilaraay
1556:Djiringanj
1535:Darkinyung
1521:Bundjalung
1386:Aboriginal
1326:0521473780
1295:: 103–188.
1070:References
923:boomerangs
903:- rock).
830:Flap/Trill
553:Consonants
332:Carrington
318:After the
95:Yuin–Kuric
70:(Birpai),
2137:Wiradjuri
2120:Tharawal
2113:Ngunnawal
2106:Ngiyambaa
2067:(or Eora)
1995:Gorualgal
1950:Mununjali
1899:Wiradjuri
1892:Wilyakali
1794:Paaruntyi
1787:Paakantyi
1780:Ngunnawal
1773:Ngiyampaa
1738:Nari-Nari
1675:Kuringgai
1430:Kuringgai
1343:, at the
1218:11 August
1151:11 August
1050:Footnotes
1023:Mallabula
990:bark huts
595:voiceless
448:Phonology
436:, in the
347:E.M. Curr
345:In 1887:
176:Glottolog
150:ISO 639-3
74:(Gringai)
60:Ethnicity
2227:Victoria
2220:Tasmania
2165:See also
2151:Yugambeh
2041:Awabakal
2002:Jerrinja
1954:Tulgigin
1934:Yugambeh
1913:Wonnarua
1906:Wodiwodi
1829:Walbunja
1808:Tharawal
1801:Barindji
1717:Muruwari
1689:Kwiambal
1682:Kureinji
1640:Jukambal
1633:Jitajita
1584:Geawegal
1549:Djangadi
1507:Bigambul
1500:Bidjigal
1479:Awabakal
1313:(2002).
1280:(1900).
1257:ABC news
1169:(1966).
1117:9 August
1039:Pindimar
982:(rivers)
948:Garrigay
933:woomeras
583:Alveolar
563:Bilabial
535:
509:
490:
434:Awabakal
340:reserves
296:Guringay
288:Warrimay
284:Guringay
260:Kutthung
238:Help:IPA
211:Birrpayi
183:wori1245
125:Dialects
72:Guringay
2065:Dharug
2009:Ngambri
1988:Gadigal
1940:Clans:
1927:Yaygirr
1885:Wiyabal
1864:Weilwan
1836:Walgalu
1766:Ngarigo
1759:Ngarbal
1752:Ngambaa
1710:Milpulo
1703:Maraura
1647:Galibal
1612:Gweagal
1514:Birrbay
1472:Arakwal
1043:possums
1017:Tanilba
970:Duumala
964:Ngapuwi
958:Buwatja
919:Barrgan
865:, both
766:Lateral
590:Plosive
578:Palatal
412:level.
394:Forster
374:extinct
367:grammar
324:ngurras
308:revived
304:dormant
300:Birrbay
280:Birrbay
264:Gadhang
256:Kattang
252:Gadjang
234:Unicode
192:AIATSIS
110:Gathang
68:Birrbay
35:Gathang
2144:Worimi
2023:Wangal
1920:Worimi
1626:Jeithi
1486:Banbai
1465:Anēwan
1323:
1209:
1035:tree")
1029:Karuah
1007:Birubi
998:(bush)
996:Wirray
974:creeks
960:(food)
952:myrtle
950:(wild
929:Wamarr
890:nasals
883:gabarr
879:gaparr
652:voiced
573:Dental
456:Vowels
426:Sydney
396:, and
376:, but
363:elders
298:, and
292:Worimi
286:, and
268:Gadang
105:Worimi
64:Worimi
50:Region
40:Worimi
1815:Thaua
1745:Ngaku
1542:Darug
1437:Murri
1423:Koori
1285:(PDF)
986:Ganya
938:Ganay
910:Words
870:stops
709:Nasal
568:Velar
466:Front
402:TAFEs
390:Taree
1963:Yuin
1563:Eora
1321:ISBN
1264:2019
1220:2023
1207:ISBN
1153:2023
1119:2023
980:Bami
875:magu
478:High
471:Back
246:The
100:Kuri
1236:E67
1083:E67
523:Low
440:of
410:PhD
220:IPA
206:ELP
198:E67
166:xbj
157:kda
2253::
1952:,
1948:,
1944:,
1293:34
1291:.
1287:.
1255:.
1228:^
1183:^
1144:.
1127:^
1110:.
1093:^
1045:")
1009:("
735:n̪
678:d̪
621:t̪
538:aː
512:uː
493:iː
392:,
342:.
294:,
282:,
266:,
262:,
258:,
254:,
1378:e
1371:t
1364:v
1329:.
1266:.
1222:.
1177:.
1155:.
1121:.
992:)
988:(
976:)
972:(
954:)
944:)
940:(
931:(
925:)
921:(
850:r
847:~
844:ɾ
819:ɹ
809:j
797:w
780:l
755:n
745:ɲ
725:ŋ
715:m
698:d
688:ɟ
668:g
658:b
641:t
631:c
611:k
601:p
529:ə
503:ʊ
484:ɪ
240:.
20:)
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