Woollen industry in Wales

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coloured cloth, flannels, blankets, &c. a sufficience for home use and no more. ... In Caernarvonshire, they apply themselves somewhat more to spinning and weaving; for, besides supplying themselves with wearing apparel, they annually send several pieces of blue cloth into Meirionyddshire ... In Flintshire, and the greater part of Denbighshire, they are still less disposed to the exercise of the wheel and the loom. ... In other parts of Denbighshire, in the south west of Meirionyddshire and Montgomeryshire, the inhabitants have imbibed more of the spirit of industry; and add the profits of manufacture to the value of the raw material...

1125:. Improvements were made in the transportation network during the 1830s. A new road was opened between Builth and Newtown, enabling flannel to be transported by cart to South Wales. Additionally, a canal route was extended from Garthmyl to Newtown in 1821, which provided an important link to the Shropshire canal. However, due to lack of capital the factories often went bankrupt when trade turned down. When steam power began to be used by the Yorkshire woollen industry the Severn Valley mills were at a disadvantage, since they did not have nearby supplies of coal. In 1835 the Montgomeryshire weaving towns still had only four power looms. 1234: 736:

by a set of people called Shearmen. At the time of Queen Elizabeth, the trade was so great, that not fewer than 600 persons maintained themselves by this occupation. The cloth was sent chiefly to America to clothe the negroes, or to Flanders, where it is used by the peasants. At present the greatest part of this traffick is diverted into other channels, and not more than four or five hundred thousand yards are brought to the ancient mart. Flannels both coarse and fine are purchased at Welsh-Pool, on every other Monday, by the drapers of Shrewsbury, who now principally enjoy this branch of commerce.

123: 1024: 647: 233: 754: 439: 1090: 657: 674: 402:. A frieze is a coarse woollen cloth that usually has a nap on one side. It was hard-wearing and well-suited for outer garments, and was popular with working men. Cloth was made in many places in Wales, particularly the south west and the northern and southern borderlands. In 1447, there was a guild of weavers and fullers in the lordship of Ruthin, and in the 1460s, at least five fulling mills were operating in this location. The cloth was sold locally, in border town markets and in the yearly 716: 3804: 4715: 602: 957: 586: 973: 989: 620: 426: 789: 474: 831: 544: 915: 859: 845: 775: 502: 943: 873: 516: 901: 817: 460: 929: 887: 803: 446: 572: 488: 558: 530: 761: 1145:, employed their agricultural labourers in spinning and weaving in the winter months. The gazetteer noted that, "the principle of total abstinence from intoxicating liquors has much benefited the weavers in this county : they were formerly notorious for inebriety and improvidence." In 1838 there were 61 mills in the county, mainly water-powered, employing 507 males and 216 females. 1215: 1165:

in London. Between 1850 and 1870 the mill owners in Llanidloes and Newtown invested heavily in buildings and steam-powered machinery. They hoped that the railway, which reached the towns between 1861 and 1863, would give them access to new markets. In fact, the railway caused mass-produced goods from

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came to employ thousands of weavers, spinners, dyers, knitters, drapers and tailors. The river and its tributaries powered dozens of mills, and sheep in the surrounding grassland supplied fleeces to be made into woollen products. In 1837 a Working Men's Association was established in the south Wales

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The webbs used to be carried to Liverpool or Shrewsbury to market; but the Liverpool dealers have now persons in pay on the spot, to purchase of the makers; and to assist the poorer manufacturers with money to carry on their trade ... Since this, the drapers of Shrewsbury are obliged to go up to the

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From very early days this place possessed almost exclusively the trade with Wales in a coarse kind of woollen cloth called Welsh webbs, which were brought from Merioneth and Montgomeryshire to a market held here weekly on Thursdays. They were afterwards dressed, that is, the wool raised on one side,

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in northwest England took market share with its "real Welch flannel." J. Geraint Jenkins has speculated that if a railway line had instead connected the Severn Valley to the south Wales coalfield the mid-Wales woollen industry could have been supported by demand for flannel from the miners, as were

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wrote of Montgomeryshire that the flannel makers were facing competition from Lancashire imitation flannels, although these were not as good as the Welsh. Hand looms were preferred to power looms for the finer qualities of flannel, and experiments with power looms at Newport and Welshpool had been

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probably imported the white breed characteristic of Welsh sheep today. The sheep at this time would have been much more variable than modern breeds, which have been carefully selected for specific characteristics. In the early days the sheep were not shorn, but the wool was collected when the sheep

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The woollen mills of the Teifi valley were hard-hit by the drop in purchasing power of miners during the depression in the coal trade of the 1920s. In the inter-war period (1918–39) most woollen manufacturers did not adapt to changes in fashion and were forced to close. Small clusters of hand loom

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in 1864, and large mills were developed such as the Alltcafan and Derw factories at Pentrecwrt. Dre-fach Felindre was once called "The Huddersfield of Wales" for its wool industry. The Cambrian Mills in this village made blankets, shawls, stockings and other products for local sale and for export.

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outside the fulling mill where the cloth was stretched on frames. Woollen manufacturing became one of the main rural industries in Wales. Most Welsh cottages and farmhouses had a spinning wheel, almost always operated by women, and most parishes had carders, spinners, weavers and fullers. However,

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By the 18th century a transition was under way to textile production in workshops run by businessmen. However, the technological revolution took much longer in Wales than it had in England, with slow adoption of machinery. Until the latter part of the 18th century carding and spinning was done at

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dates to prehistoric times. There is evidence of spinning and weaving in late prehistoric houses throughout Britain, particularly in the later first millennium B.C.. Finds include scraps of fabric, loom-weights, spindle-whorls and bone needles, and the arrangement of post-holes may indicate they

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Sheep shearing was a major social event on Welsh farms. The fleece would be removed intact, then carefully folded to make it easier to sort out the different grades of wool at the mill. The quality of wool depends on the individual sheep and on the part of the sheep's body from which the wool has

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As of 2013 there were just nine commercial woollen mills still in operation, often run by small families producing traditional Welsh cloth on old looms. Although demand for their products is high, there are few apprentices entering the industry. The Cambrian Woollen Mill at Dre-fach Felindre was

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in Denbighshire had 36 weavers. However, the period from 1350 to 1400 was difficult, with recurrences of the plague and heavy taxation to pay for the war with France. Between 1350 and 1500, an average of 50 fulling mills were operational. The reduced number was due to the unsettled state of the

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allocate pigs to the husband and sheep to the wife. In the summer the pigs were kept in the woods while the wife took the sheep and the children to the highlands. The wife also controlled the dairy, and took the milking and cheese making equipment. Divorce remained an option in Wales longer than

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The chief staple commodities of North Wales, as well as of the nation at large, are those manufactured of wool. ... In Anglesey, the inhabitants buy quantities of the Snowdon coarse wool, at the fairs of Caernarvon, and Bangor; out of which, mixed with their own wool, they manufacture deep blue

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At first, much of the cloth was shipped via Shrewsbury and London, but later the specialized Atlantic port of Bristol became the main place from which Welsh plains were shipped across the Atlantic. Over time, factors from Liverpool and Bristol took control of the trade away from the Shrewsbury

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drapers. Instead of the weavers carrying their cloth to the market towns, the factors came to them to buy the cloth. The factors would extend credit to the poorer weavers so they could buy wool. The Shrewsbury Drapers were losing their control of the trade by 1770. The port of

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country, and purchase the articles in small quantities at farms and cottages. After undergoing the operation of scouring, bleaching, and milling, it is packed up in large bales, and sent to Shrewsbury, Liverpool, and London; and thence exported to Germany, Russia and America.

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In the early 16th century, cloth for export was mainly produced in south Wales and shipped from the local ports. During that century there was a shift in production to mid-Wales and north Wales, and the woollen production was exported via Shrewsbury in Shropshire. The

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reported that, "There are now more than 40 carding engines, 18 fulling mills, and nearly 35,000 spindles, constantly in operation in the town and neighbourhood, affording considerable employment to a number of men, who weave the flannel at their own dwellings.

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Mill owners were not always men. There are records of three women mill owners in Wales in 1840, Mary Powell with 16 looms and 8 men, Ann Harris with 14 employees including 6 men, and Ann Whiled with 9 employees. Large spinning mills continued to operate in

693:"Negro Act" of 1735 commended "white Welsh plains" and outlawed rich or colourful materials that might be discarded by the slave masters. In the 1770s one observer said the whole purpose of Welsh woollens was "covering the poor Negroes in the West Indies." 102:, the Welsh woollen industry was slow to mechanise compared to the mills of northern England. When railways reached mid Wales in the 1860s they brought a flood of cheap mass-produced products that destroyed the local industry. However, development of the 1320:

The number of active mills dropped from 250 in 1926 to 81 in 1947 and 24 in 1974, increasingly concentrated in industrial centres. However, the invention of the double weave and light tweeds caused significant growth in demand for Welsh textiles. When

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in England took a dominant role in distributing Welsh cloth. In the 18th century, there was strong demand for cheap and sturdy Welsh material shipped from Bristol, Liverpool, or the Welsh ports to clothe slaves in the British colonies in the Americas.

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in Newtown was purchased in 1866 by the Cambrian Flannel Company of Newtown and Llanidloes, which modernized the factory so it was the most advanced facility in Wales and diversified into making plain and coloured flannels, shawls, whittles, hose and

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mills to finish the cloth enabled rapid expansion of the industry in the 13th century, although spinning and weaving continued to be a cottage industry. In the early 16th century, production shifted from south Wales to mid and north Wales. The

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The quality of wool depended on the local breeds of sheep. In the 15th century, south-east Wales produced particularly high quality wool. Margam in West Glamorgan and Tintern in Monmouthshire were noted for their excellent wool. According to

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was at times the country's most important industry, though it often struggled to compete with the better-funded woollen mills in the north of England, and almost disappeared during the 20th century. There is continued demand for quality

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While manufacturing declined in mid-Wales after the 1860s, the weaving industry grew in villages in south-west Wales, which did well until the 1920s. Skilled workers moved from mid-Wales to the Teifi Valley, mainly to the area around

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By the end of the century, the market in Shrewsbury had almost ceased, and in March 1803 the Company gave up the great room in which the trading had been conducted. In 1804 report by Mr. Evans of his tour through north Wales said,

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in Glamorgan of what seems to have been the court of an important ruler in the 5th and 6th centuries A.D. The bones of sheep were found, but there seems to have been little spinning and weaving. The 6th century writer

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stated that "Good Welch cotton seems upon the whole to answer best", and others were "light and insufficient." The main market was at Shrewsbury. The demand for colours was limited. In the 1730s, a

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became dependent on the woollen industry, finding that spinning and weaving gave a larger and more stable income than farming. Some hamlets grew into woollen manufacturing centres. For example,

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and pressing. Natural dyes were used until the mid-19th century. The fleece could be "dyed-in-the-wool", the fibre could be dyed after being spun, or the fabric could be dyed after being woven.

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Before 1800, there were very few factories in Wales, and almost all production was at home. As trans-Atlantic demand for Welsh cloth grew, growing numbers of people in the rural areas of

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In 1660, wool made up two thirds of Welsh exports. Slaveowners in the West Indies and the American colonies found that slaves were more productive if they were clothed. William Lee of

250:, sheep were probably kept mainly for their milk and wool rather than their meat. Sheep do not seem to have been important to the Welsh economy before the 12th century, when the first 274:, on 9 May 1131. All abbeys of the order were to be built in remote rural locations, and had to be simple and unadorned. The order expanded rapidly. Tintern was followed by 3564: 4579: 1305:, opened in 1895, further strengthened the link from the rural south west to the industrial south. The woollen industry flourished in South Wales until the end of 1269:

campaign for democratic rights. By the summer of 1839 three more towns in the region had founded such societies, and the first Chartist convention had been held.

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where there were spinners and fullers, making quality goods. A weaver said of this work, "One can make a fair living by it, but a man can never get rich at it."

1061:. Thomas Williams purchased the mill in 1859 and expanded the business. Products from the woollen mills were taken to the coast from the quay at Trefiw using the 1194:, Lancashire. After the Cambrian Mills burned down in 1912 Newtown was no longer an important woollen industrial centre and many of the workers moved elsewhere. 1081:

mill, which washed the cloth and kneaded it with wooden hammers to thicken and strengthen it. The mill was still in operation (in a newer building) as of 2016.

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tripled in size during the 18th century. In the last decades of the 18th century, there was a great expansion of woollen production. Sales of stockings at

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Between 1800 and 1830 many spinning and weaving factories were built in mid-Wales in places where water power was available, particularly in the upper

215:, thought by some to have lived in Wales, mentioned "mountains particularly suitable for the alternating pasturage of animals". This seems to refer to 170:. Spinning machines were introduced in the 19th century. The spun fibre would then be woven into cloth, which would be finished by washing and drying, 4018: 341:, the monastic landowners and manorial lords built fulling mills in eastern Wales, with up to 80 operating before 1350. Sometimes a fulling mill and 3116: 418:

tightly controlled the trade. The Welsh cloth makers, who lacked capital, produced poor quality drapery for which there was relatively low demand.

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of Newtown began a mail-order business in flannels in 1859, a very innovative move for the time. He was at first extremely successful, and the

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northern England to flood into central Wales. Newtown, which once was called the "Leeds of Wales", went into decline from the 1860s.

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An Inventory of the Ancient Monuments in Brecknock (Brycheiniog): Later prehistoric monuments and unenclosed settlements to 1000 A.D

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and pressing. Spinning and weaving of sheep's wool dates to prehistoric times in Wales, but only became an important industry when

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moulted in the summer, either by plucking it from their fleece or collecting it where it had been rubbed off on a tree or rock.

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rose from £10,000 to £18,000 annually, and the annual profit of flannel sales in Montgomeryshire was more than £40,000.

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The main centre of the new woollen industry was initially in south east Wales drawing on sheep from the monasteries of

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After sorting, the raw wool would often be soaked in a 50–50 solution of human urine and water, then passed through a

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opened a growing market for woollen products from water-powered mills in the south west, which prospered until after

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Welsh tweed manufacture survived at a much reduced level into the 20th century in Montgomery, where the area around

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exported woollen products worth £50,000 around the world in the 1770s. An author wrote of Shrewsbury in the 1790s,

3959: 3954: 3744: 1158: 330:. The monks were granted extensive lands for sheep grazing and were the pioneers of the woollen industry in Wales. 4759: 4739: 4265: 3474: 3430: 1337: 4481: 4501: 3904: 3448: 1245: 334: 99: 1696: 4686: 3939: 3934: 3884: 3807: 3489: 4594: 4614: 4584: 4240: 4152: 1225:. The Tregaron area had a number of water-driven woollen mills and was a centre for manufacture of knitted 1169: 114:. The industry went into steady decline after World War I, and only a few mills continue to operate today. 135:

are hardy and thrive in the cold and wet conditions of the Welsh highlands. The wool is soft and may have

19: 4644: 4506: 4344: 4190: 4050: 3739: 3694: 2870: 719: 4250: 3833: 3729: 3579: 3559: 3390: 3342: 3076: 3011: 2641: 1309:(1914–18), with high prices during the war. At one time there were more than 300 active woollen mills. 686: 415: 144: 91: 4744: 4661: 4340: 4294: 4185: 4110: 3879: 3641: 2820: 2756: 2579: 1233: 4486: 4449: 4359: 4320: 4045: 4023: 4008: 3929: 3899: 3366: 4439: 3336: 2681: 1297:

The water-powered factories in the south west were completely dependent on demand from the nearby

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tripled in size and became industrial towns, although they were dwarfed by the English centres of

1077:. The yarn was then woven into cloth on hand looms. A smaller 7 feet (2.1 m) wheel powered a 4639: 4471: 4466: 4444: 4270: 4132: 4120: 4100: 4040: 4028: 3245: 1702: 240: 155: 3317: 2621:

The parliamentary gazetteer of England and Wales. 4 vols. [bound in 12 pt. with suppl.].

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An historical and archaeological study of the industrial heritage of Newtown, Powys, Mid Wales

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elsewhere in Britain. It was assumed that the woman deserved a share of the lambs and calves.

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retained mills in the villages and small towns. Newtown continued to make flannel, although

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Myths, Memories and Futures: The National Library and National Museum in the Story of Wales

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acquired by the state in 1976 for the Museum of the Welsh Woollen Industry, now named the

1057:, originally called the Vale of Conwy Woollen Mill, was built in 1820 on the banks of the 267: 8: 4674: 4526: 4491: 4147: 3944: 2664: 1455: 1355: 1089: 1039:(loom house), although fulling was done by machine in fulling mills. A 1799 report said 58: 4669: 4536: 4401: 4393: 4325: 4280: 4095: 3969: 3909: 3765: 3600: 3595: 3272: 1588: 1359: 1329:

plant in the 1980s, 75% of the workers were women. The plant was closed in March 2007.

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The invention of the water-powered fulling mill in the Later Middle Ages caused an

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and black, grey or red fibres, which makes it attractive in tweeds and upholstery.

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In 1847 Llanidloes was continuing to grow despite competition from Newtown. The

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Regions and Industries: A Perspective on the Industrial Revolution in Britain

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the woollen mills of the Teifi valley in the later part of the 19th century.

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wool was still best for flannel manufacture. The farmers, especially around

722:(left), where most Welsh cloth was traded on the second floor for many years 689:

merchant ordered "White, Bleue, & Green plains for Negro Clothing." The

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The Agrarian History of England and Wales: Volume 1, Prehistory to AD 1042

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Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales (1986),

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The Agrarian History of England and Wales: Volume 1, Part 1, Prehistory

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wool with a staple length of 8 to 10 centimetres (3.1 to 3.9 in).

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Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales 1986

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Secret Sins: Sex, Violence & Society in Carmarthenshire 1870–1920

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in London. Welsh friezes were also exported from Welsh ports or from

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Double-woven tapestry blankets in the factory shop at Melin Brynkir.

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General View of the Agriculture and Domestic Economy of North Wales

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most of the production were for personal use rather than for sale.

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completed the disentangling process, creating rolls of wool called

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had mutton that was prized for its quality, and produced valuable

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monasteries were established in the 12th century. Water-powered

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ran a daily service with special vans to carry his products to

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African-American slaves dancing to banjo and percussion (1780s)

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The future of Welsh tapestry in an industry of ageing weavers

2932: 2871:"Is Sheep Farming In Wales On The Way To The Slaughterhouse?" 2368: 2092: 1419: 1122: 1102: 39: 3098: 2455: 1771: 1759: 1747: 3429: 3190:

Some Account of the Ancient and Present State of Shrewsbury

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in the north throughout the 19th century. For example, the

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The History and Principles of Weaving by Hand and by Power

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Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences

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abandoned. Welsh wool had much improved in quality, but

3431:"Welsh Food Month: How our lamb came to rule the world" 2637:

Gender, Work and Wages in Industrial Revolution Britain

2483: 2413: 2320: 2287: 2245: 2230: 2160: 2068: 2056: 2017: 1985: 1834: 1807: 166:. The fibres in the roving were then spun into woollen 3419:, Clwyd-Powys Archaeological Trust, Curatorial Section 2816:

Slave Wales: The Welsh and Atlantic Slavery, 1660–1850

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Woollen mills in production in Wales – Amgueddfa Cymru

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Black-faced sheep on western side of the Vale of Clwyd

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Dictionary of Traded Goods and Commodities, 1550–1820

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weaving comb was found in the Ogof yr Esgyrn cave in

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Textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution

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length is 5 to 15 centimetres (2.0 to 5.9 in).

2425: 2386: 2218: 2172: 2109: 2000: 1970: 1955: 1868: 3294:The Cambridge Social History of Britain, 1750–1950 3051: 2843:Fournier, Nola; Fournier, Elisabeth (2013-04-01), 2617: 2398: 2332: 2200: 1943: 262:was founded for monks of the Cistercian order by 4731: 3104:, Welsh Mills Society – Cymdeithas Melinau Cymru 2842: 1654: 110:. At one time, there were more than 300 working 45:Wool processing includes removing the fleece by 2683:Pryce-Jones: Pioneer of the Mail Order Industry 1608:Textile manufacturing by pre-industrial methods 3383:Thirsk, Joan; Collins, Edward John T. (1967), 2282:Cambrian Woollen Mills – Powys Digital History 1181:There were periods of renewed prosperity. The 3834: 3497: 3382: 3334: 3219: 2103: 1777: 1765: 1753: 1729: 1690: 788: 3335:Piggott, Stuart; Thirsk, Joan (2011-04-28), 3220:Piggott, Stuart; Thirsk, Joan (1981-04-02), 3207:The Cambrian mirror, or North Wales tourist 1370:listed the following active woollen mills: 1289:. A railway was opened from Carmarthen to 158:to untangle it and remove foreign matter. 3841: 3827: 3690:Campaign for the Protection of Rural Wales 3504: 3490: 3036:Ceredigion: Interpreting an Ancient County 2699: 1913: 345:would share the same building or the same 3386:The Agrarian History of England and Wales 3072:The Agrarian History of England and Wales 2591: 2536:, Marston, Searle & Rivington: S. Low 1828: 639:Early Cistercian abbeys and English towns 16:Overview of the woollen industry in Wales 3511: 3290: 2633: 2550:Women in Early Medieval Europe, 400–1100 2254: 2086: 1336: 1232: 1213: 1168: 1088: 1022: 714: 672: 655: 645: 424: 231: 121: 73:into cloth, then finishing the cloth by 18: 3455:Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales 3412: 3364: 3134:Gender and Work in Capitalist Economies 3033: 2951: 2916: 2308: 2269: 2154: 2130: 2118: 2050: 2038: 1368:Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales 254:monasteries were established in Wales. 23:Welsh spinners in traditional costume, 4732: 3160: 3114: 3068: 3003: 2977: 2778: 2748: 2718: 2529: 2443: 2419: 2407: 2392: 2380: 2356: 2239: 2166: 2143:Trefriw Woollen Mills – History Points 2074: 2026: 1994: 1937: 1925: 1901: 1889: 1862: 1845: 1816: 1741: 1093:Cambrian Mills, Newtown, Wales in 1875 473: 3822: 3545:Agricultural Advisory Panel for Wales 3485: 3203: 2886: 2868: 2812: 2679: 2546: 2499: 2344: 2296: 2224: 2212: 2011: 1979: 1964: 1949: 1801: 1789: 1667:Black Welsh Mountain – Oklahoma State 398:, Wales specialized in manufacturing 382:country before, during and after the 3450:Woollen mills in production in Wales 3186: 3130: 2431: 2183: 2062: 1877: 1173:Worker weaving tweed at the loom at 830: 601: 543: 3555:Brecknockshire Agricultural Society 3365:Stephen, Graham (27 October 2011), 3274:The Process — from fleece to fabric 2700:Cox, Nancy; Dannehl, Karin (2007), 1546:Riitta Sinkkonen Davies Handweaving 1313:weaving survived in places such as 369:and Tintern, and the flocks of the 337:. In the century that preceded the 182:Prehistoric to early medieval times 13: 3848: 1643:The Process – National Wool Museum 914: 858: 844: 774: 501: 227: 206:Excavations have been made at the 14: 4771: 3529:Agriculture in the United Kingdom 3115:Nisbet, Megan Kate (2013-12-06), 2955:Around Conwy From Old Photographs 2578:, Department of Animal Science - 2369:Highlights – National Wool Museum 1515:St Fagans National History Museum 1065:. A 36 feet (11 m) diameter 1035:home, and weaving in the village 1013: 1008:19th century mill towns and ports 956: 942: 872: 585: 515: 377:valley. In 1380, the lordship of 53:the wool by quality, untangling, 4713: 3955:Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 3803: 3802: 3745:Badger Face Welsh Mountain sheep 2592:Brakspear, Harold (2013-04-16), 2456:Mills Open – Welsh Mills Society 1159:London and North Western Railway 987: 972: 971: 955: 941: 927: 913: 900: 899: 885: 871: 857: 843: 829: 816: 815: 801: 787: 773: 759: 752: 668: 618: 600: 584: 570: 556: 542: 528: 514: 500: 486: 472: 459: 458: 444: 437: 190:supported looms. For example, a 2978:Hudson, Benjamin (2014-01-13), 2846:In Sheep's Clothing; Paperbound 2669:, Powys Digital History Project 1718:Welsh Food Month – Wales Online 988: 928: 886: 802: 619: 445: 3297:, Cambridge University Press, 3167:, Institute of Welsh Affairs, 2749:Davies, Russell (2012-11-15), 2634:Burnette, Joyce (2008-04-17), 2553:, Cambridge University Press, 1209: 1177:'s last tweed mill at Mochdre 1018: 571: 487: 335:industrial revolution in Wales 100:Industrial Revolution in Wales 1: 4591:Non-Christian belief systems 3468: 3069:Miller, Edward (1991-07-18), 2869:Ghosh, Palash (2 June 2013), 2547:Bitel, Lisa M. (2002-10-24), 2476: 1679:Dyed in the wool – Grammarist 557: 529: 24: 3413:Waiters, Mark (March 2003), 3034:Jenkins, J. Geraint (2005), 2952:Hitches, Mike (2013-05-11), 2875:International Business Times 1655:Fournier & Fournier 2013 1084: 760: 7: 3740:Balwen Welsh Mountain sheep 3695:Land Settlement Association 3291:Thompson, F. M. L. (1993), 3131:Odih, Pamela (2007-10-01), 2813:Evans, Chris (2010-09-01), 2785:, Sherwood, Neely and Jones 2719:Davies, John (2007-01-25), 2618:British Parliament (1840), 2595:Tintern Abbey Monmouthshire 2321:About Rock Mill – Rock Mill 1601: 720:Old Market Hall, Shrewsbury 10: 4776: 4687:Prince of Wales's feathers 3730:Black Welsh Mountain sheep 3580:Welsh Agricultural College 3391:Cambridge University Press 3343:Cambridge University Press 3077:Cambridge University Press 3012:Cambridge University Press 3004:Hudson, Pat (1989-10-26), 2702:"Frailing cord – Frocking" 2642:Cambridge University Press 429:Medieval kingdoms of Wales 416:Shrewsbury Drapers Company 145:Black Welsh Mountain sheep 117: 92:Shrewsbury Drapers Company 4755:Economic history of Wales 4709: 4660: 4555: 4517: 4425: 4392: 4383: 4306: 4302: 4293: 4231: 4222: 4176: 4081: 4072: 4063: 3977: 3968: 3870: 3857: 3798: 3758: 3712: 3703: 3662: 3629: 3588: 3537: 3519: 2887:Gower, Jon (2012-02-09), 2821:University of Wales Press 2757:University of Wales Press 2580:Oklahoma State University 2104:Thirsk & Collins 1967 1778:Piggott & Thirsk 1981 1766:Piggott & Thirsk 2011 1754:Piggott & Thirsk 2011 1730:Piggott & Thirsk 1981 1691:Piggott & Thirsk 2011 1540: 1466: 1435: 35:woollen industry in Wales 4261:Housing and construction 2920:The Shropshire gazetteer 1623: 1332: 4645:1904–1905 Welsh revival 4640:Welsh Methodist revival 3560:Farmers' Union of Wales 3367:"Trefriw Woollen Mills" 3318:"Trefriw Woollen Mills" 2958:, Amberley Publishing, 2779:Davies, Walter (1813), 2680:Cowey, Carolyn (2016), 2530:Barlow, Alfred (1878), 2201:British Parliament 1840 1556:Snail Trail Handweavers 1130:Parliamentary Gazetteer 241:Frances Elizabeth Wynne 131:been taken. The common 4760:Industries (economics) 4740:Textile mills in Wales 3621:Agricultural buildings 3475:Textile mills in Wales 3204:Parry, Edward (1847), 3038:, Gwasg Careg Gwalch, 2666:Cambrian Woollen Mills 2333:Llandysul – List Wales 1914:Cox & Dannehl 2007 1531:Sioni Rhys Handweavers 1342: 1241: 1230: 1221:, Teifi tributary, in 1178: 1094: 1046: 1031: 748: 738: 723: 678: 661: 651: 430: 243: 237:Portrait of a spinster 187:Sheep farming in Wales 127: 30: 4650:Welsh Church Act 1914 4417:British Sign Language 3161:Osmond, John (2007), 3139:McGraw-Hill Education 2500:Aspin, Chris (1982), 1461:Capel Dewi, Llandysul 1425:Cambrian Woollen Mill 1393:Trefriw Woollen Mills 1364:Trefriw Woollen Mills 1340: 1299:South Wales coalfield 1246:Industrial Revolution 1236: 1217: 1172: 1092: 1055:Trefriw Woollen Mills 1041: 1026: 795:Drefach Felindre 743: 733: 718: 676: 659: 649: 428: 278:(1140), its offshoot 235: 125: 104:South Wales Coalfield 22: 4206:British Armed Forces 4046:Wales–England border 3750:Beulah Speckled Face 3670:Overview of land use 3652:National Wool Museum 3550:Bees for Development 3513:Agriculture in Wales 3279:National Wool Museum 2940:National Wool Museum 2917:Gregory, T. (1824), 2575:Black Welsh Mountain 2503:The Woollen Industry 1494:National Wool Museum 1409:Brynkir Woollen Mill 1348:National Wool Museum 1303:Teifi Valley Railway 1005:class=notpageimage| 636:class=notpageimage| 208:Dinas Powys hillfort 133:Welsh Mountain sheep 4365:Scheduled monuments 4341:Literature in Welsh 4241:Banking and finance 4019:Mountains and hills 3945:Statute of Rhuddlan 3187:Owen, Hugh (1808), 1456:Rock Mill Llandysul 1356:Rock Mill Llandysul 1265:in response to the 650:Historical counties 353:. There would be a 4532:Healthcare service 4153:Secretary of State 3935:Edwardian conquest 3925:Medieval Welsh law 3910:Kingdom of Gwynedd 3766:Welsh Black cattle 3601:Monmouthshire Show 3596:Cardiff Horse Show 2890:The Story of Wales 2797:"Dyed in the wool" 2722:A History of Wales 2065:, p. 462–463. 1589:Solva Woollen Mill 1472:Elvet Woollen Mill 1360:Solva Woollen Mill 1343: 1242: 1231: 1179: 1095: 1032: 1030:Woollen Mill, 1952 724: 679: 662: 652: 431: 264:Walter FitzRichard 244: 128: 42:woollen products. 31: 4727: 4726: 4705: 4704: 4551: 4550: 4547: 4546: 4289: 4288: 4218: 4217: 4214: 4213: 4143:Political parties 4059: 4058: 3950:Glyndŵr rebellion 3905:Early Middle Ages 3816: 3815: 3794: 3793: 3781:Brecon Buff Goose 3437:, 11 October 2012 3400:978-0-521-32927-9 3352:978-1-107-40114-3 3304:978-0-521-43816-2 3259:978-1-871184-19-8 3233:978-0-521-08741-4 3174:978-1-904773-20-7 3148:978-0-335-23497-4 3086:978-0-521-20074-5 3021:978-0-521-34106-6 2991:978-1-118-59832-0 2965:978-1-4456-2660-4 2904:978-1-4464-1710-2 2856:978-1-62033-251-1 2830:978-0-7083-2304-5 2766:978-0-7083-2557-5 2736:978-0-14-192633-9 2651:978-1-139-47058-2 2605:978-1-4733-8151-3 2560:978-0-521-59773-9 2517:978-0-85263-598-8 2508:Osprey Publishing 1599: 1598: 1499:Dre-fach Felindre 1486:Dre-fach Felindre 1275:Dre-fach Felindre 1155:Pryce Pryce-Jones 1069:powered spinning 666: 665: 4767: 4745:Woollen industry 4720:Wales portal 4718: 4717: 4716: 4390: 4389: 4304: 4303: 4300: 4299: 4229: 4228: 4196:Modern Welsh law 4111:Local government 4079: 4078: 4070: 4069: 3975: 3974: 3940:Late Middle Ages 3915:Kingdom of Powys 3900:Anglo-Welsh Wars 3843: 3836: 3829: 3820: 3819: 3806: 3805: 3710: 3709: 3606:Royal Welsh Show 3524:Economy of Wales 3506: 3499: 3492: 3483: 3482: 3463: 3462: 3461: 3444: 3443: 3442: 3426: 3425: 3424: 3409: 3408: 3407: 3379: 3378: 3377: 3361: 3360: 3359: 3331: 3330: 3329: 3313: 3312: 3311: 3287: 3286: 3285: 3268: 3267: 3266: 3242: 3241: 3240: 3216: 3215: 3214: 3200: 3199: 3198: 3183: 3182: 3181: 3157: 3156: 3155: 3127: 3126: 3125: 3111: 3110: 3109: 3095: 3094: 3093: 3065: 3064: 3063: 3048: 3030: 3029: 3028: 3000: 2999: 2998: 2974: 2973: 2972: 2948: 2947: 2946: 2929: 2928: 2927: 2913: 2912: 2911: 2895:Ebury Publishing 2883: 2882: 2881: 2865: 2864: 2863: 2839: 2838: 2837: 2809: 2808: 2807: 2792: 2791: 2790: 2775: 2774: 2773: 2745: 2744: 2743: 2715: 2714: 2713: 2696: 2695: 2694: 2676: 2675: 2674: 2660: 2659: 2658: 2630: 2629: 2628: 2614: 2613: 2612: 2588: 2587: 2586: 2569: 2568: 2567: 2543: 2542: 2541: 2526: 2525: 2524: 2496: 2495: 2494: 2471: 2465: 2459: 2453: 2447: 2441: 2435: 2429: 2423: 2417: 2411: 2405: 2396: 2390: 2384: 2378: 2372: 2366: 2360: 2354: 2348: 2342: 2336: 2330: 2324: 2318: 2312: 2306: 2300: 2294: 2285: 2279: 2273: 2267: 2258: 2252: 2243: 2237: 2228: 2222: 2216: 2210: 2204: 2198: 2187: 2181: 2170: 2164: 2158: 2152: 2146: 2140: 2134: 2128: 2122: 2116: 2107: 2101: 2090: 2084: 2078: 2077:, p. 391ff. 2072: 2066: 2060: 2054: 2048: 2042: 2036: 2030: 2024: 2015: 2009: 1998: 1992: 1983: 1977: 1968: 1962: 1953: 1947: 1941: 1935: 1929: 1923: 1917: 1911: 1905: 1899: 1893: 1887: 1881: 1875: 1866: 1860: 1849: 1843: 1832: 1826: 1820: 1814: 1805: 1799: 1793: 1787: 1781: 1775: 1769: 1763: 1757: 1751: 1745: 1739: 1733: 1727: 1721: 1715: 1706: 1700: 1694: 1688: 1682: 1676: 1670: 1664: 1658: 1652: 1646: 1640: 1373: 1372: 1261:weaving town of 1105:. Towns such as 991: 990: 975: 974: 959: 958: 945: 944: 931: 930: 917: 916: 903: 902: 889: 888: 875: 874: 861: 860: 847: 846: 833: 832: 819: 818: 805: 804: 791: 790: 777: 776: 763: 762: 756: 660:Modern divisions 622: 621: 604: 603: 588: 587: 574: 573: 560: 559: 546: 545: 532: 531: 518: 517: 504: 503: 490: 489: 476: 475: 462: 461: 448: 447: 441: 421: 420: 404:Bartholomew Fair 29: 26: 4775: 4774: 4770: 4769: 4768: 4766: 4765: 4764: 4730: 4729: 4728: 4723: 4714: 4712: 4701: 4656: 4585:Presbyterianism 4543: 4513: 4445:Welsh Americans 4421: 4379: 4285: 4271:Slate quarrying 4210: 4186:Counsel General 4172: 4055: 4024:Protected areas 3964: 3930:Norman invasion 3866: 3853: 3847: 3817: 3812: 3790: 3776:Welsh Harlequin 3754: 3725:Llanwenog sheep 3720:Welsh mule ewes 3705: 3699: 3658: 3625: 3584: 3533: 3515: 3510: 3471: 3466: 3459: 3457: 3440: 3438: 3422: 3420: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3375: 3373: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3327: 3325: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3283: 3281: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3226:, CUP Archive, 3212: 3210: 3196: 3194: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3123: 3121: 3107: 3105: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3061: 3059: 3046: 3026: 3024: 3022: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2944: 2942: 2925: 2923: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2879: 2877: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2805: 2803: 2788: 2786: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2711: 2709: 2708:, Wolverhampton 2692: 2690: 2672: 2670: 2656: 2654: 2652: 2626: 2624: 2610: 2608: 2606: 2584: 2582: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2539: 2537: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2492: 2490: 2486:About Rock Mill 2479: 2474: 2466: 2462: 2454: 2450: 2442: 2438: 2430: 2426: 2418: 2414: 2406: 2399: 2391: 2387: 2379: 2375: 2367: 2363: 2355: 2351: 2343: 2339: 2331: 2327: 2319: 2315: 2307: 2303: 2295: 2288: 2280: 2276: 2268: 2261: 2253: 2246: 2238: 2231: 2223: 2219: 2215:, p. 1847. 2211: 2207: 2199: 2190: 2182: 2173: 2165: 2161: 2153: 2149: 2141: 2137: 2129: 2125: 2117: 2110: 2106:, p. 1110. 2102: 2093: 2085: 2081: 2073: 2069: 2061: 2057: 2049: 2045: 2037: 2033: 2025: 2018: 2010: 2001: 1993: 1986: 1978: 1971: 1963: 1956: 1948: 1944: 1936: 1932: 1924: 1920: 1912: 1908: 1900: 1896: 1888: 1884: 1876: 1869: 1861: 1852: 1844: 1835: 1827: 1823: 1815: 1808: 1800: 1796: 1788: 1784: 1776: 1772: 1764: 1760: 1752: 1748: 1740: 1736: 1728: 1724: 1716: 1709: 1701: 1697: 1689: 1685: 1677: 1673: 1665: 1661: 1653: 1649: 1641: 1630: 1626: 1604: 1468:Carmarthenshire 1430:Llanwrtyd Wells 1335: 1258:Carmarthenshire 1212: 1175:Montgomeryshire 1150:Cambrian Mirror 1087: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1010: 1009: 1007: 1001: 1000: 999: 998: 992: 984: 983: 982: 976: 968: 967: 966: 960: 952: 951: 950: 946: 938: 937: 936: 932: 924: 923: 922: 918: 910: 909: 908: 904: 896: 895: 894: 890: 882: 881: 880: 876: 868: 867: 866: 862: 854: 853: 852: 848: 840: 839: 838: 834: 826: 825: 824: 820: 812: 811: 810: 806: 798: 797: 796: 792: 784: 783: 782: 778: 770: 769: 768: 764: 698:Montgomeryshire 671: 642: 641: 640: 638: 632: 631: 630: 629: 623: 615: 614: 613: 610: 605: 597: 596: 595: 589: 581: 580: 579: 575: 567: 566: 565: 561: 553: 552: 551: 547: 539: 538: 537: 533: 525: 524: 523: 519: 511: 510: 509: 505: 497: 496: 495: 491: 483: 482: 481: 477: 469: 468: 467: 463: 455: 454: 453: 449: 288:Powys Wenwynwyn 284:Strata Marcella 230: 228:Medieval period 184: 120: 65:, which may be 27: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4773: 4763: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4725: 4724: 4710: 4707: 4706: 4703: 4702: 4700: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4683: 4682: 4672: 4666: 4664: 4658: 4657: 4655: 4654: 4653: 4652: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4629: 4628: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4589: 4588: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4561: 4559: 4553: 4552: 4549: 4548: 4545: 4544: 4542: 4541: 4540: 4539: 4529: 4523: 4521: 4515: 4514: 4512: 4511: 4510: 4509: 4504: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4463: 4462: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4436: 4434: 4423: 4422: 4420: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4398: 4396: 4387: 4381: 4380: 4378: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4312: 4310: 4297: 4291: 4290: 4287: 4286: 4284: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4266:Power stations 4263: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4232: 4226: 4220: 4219: 4216: 4215: 4212: 4211: 4209: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4182: 4180: 4174: 4173: 4171: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4129: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4108: 4103: 4101:First Minister 4098: 4093: 4087: 4085: 4076: 4067: 4061: 4060: 4057: 4056: 4054: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4037: 4036: 4031: 4029:National parks 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3995: 3994: 3989: 3978: 3972: 3966: 3965: 3963: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3876: 3874: 3868: 3867: 3865: 3864: 3862:List of topics 3858: 3855: 3854: 3852: articles 3846: 3845: 3838: 3831: 3823: 3814: 3813: 3811: 3810: 3799: 3796: 3795: 3792: 3791: 3789: 3788: 3786:Welsh Sheepdog 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3762: 3760: 3756: 3755: 3753: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3716: 3714: 3707: 3701: 3700: 3698: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3666: 3664: 3660: 3659: 3657: 3656: 3655: 3654: 3644: 3639: 3633: 3631: 3627: 3626: 3624: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3592: 3590: 3586: 3585: 3583: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3541: 3539: 3535: 3534: 3532: 3531: 3526: 3520: 3517: 3516: 3509: 3508: 3501: 3494: 3486: 3478: 3477: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3464: 3445: 3427: 3410: 3399: 3380: 3362: 3351: 3332: 3322:History Points 3314: 3303: 3288: 3269: 3258: 3243: 3232: 3217: 3201: 3184: 3173: 3158: 3147: 3128: 3112: 3096: 3085: 3066: 3049: 3045:978-0863819612 3044: 3031: 3020: 3001: 2990: 2975: 2964: 2949: 2930: 2914: 2903: 2884: 2866: 2855: 2840: 2829: 2810: 2793: 2776: 2765: 2746: 2735: 2716: 2697: 2677: 2661: 2650: 2631: 2615: 2604: 2598:, Read Books, 2589: 2570: 2559: 2544: 2527: 2516: 2497: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2472: 2460: 2448: 2436: 2434:, p. 162. 2424: 2412: 2397: 2385: 2383:, p. 216. 2373: 2361: 2349: 2347:, p. 236. 2337: 2325: 2313: 2301: 2286: 2274: 2259: 2257:, p. 299. 2244: 2229: 2217: 2205: 2203:, p. 442. 2188: 2186:, p. 167. 2171: 2159: 2147: 2135: 2123: 2108: 2091: 2079: 2067: 2055: 2053:, p. 924. 2043: 2041:, p. 495. 2031: 2016: 1999: 1984: 1969: 1954: 1942: 1940:, p. 208. 1930: 1928:, p. 245. 1918: 1906: 1894: 1892:, p. 240. 1882: 1880:, p. 166. 1867: 1865:, p. 917. 1850: 1833: 1829:Brakspear 2013 1821: 1806: 1804:, p. 169. 1794: 1792:, p. 208. 1782: 1780:, p. 336. 1770: 1768:, p. 292. 1758: 1756:, p. 291. 1746: 1734: 1732:, p. 358. 1722: 1707: 1695: 1693:, p. 242. 1683: 1671: 1659: 1657:, p. 124. 1647: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1621: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1596: 1591: 1585: 1584: 1579: 1577:Melin Tregwynt 1573: 1572: 1567: 1563: 1562: 1557: 1553: 1552: 1547: 1544: 1538: 1537: 1532: 1529: 1523: 1522: 1517: 1508: 1502: 1501: 1496: 1489: 1488: 1483: 1482:Melin Dolwerdd 1479: 1478: 1473: 1470: 1464: 1463: 1458: 1452: 1451: 1442: 1441:Curlew Weavers 1439: 1433: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1416: 1415: 1413:Garndolbenmaen 1410: 1407: 1401: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1384: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1366:. In 2016 the 1352:Melin Tregwynt 1334: 1331: 1239:Melin Tregwynt 1211: 1208: 1183:Cambrian Mills 1163:Euston station 1086: 1083: 1067:overshot wheel 1020: 1017: 1015: 1014:Industrial era 1012: 1003: 1002: 994: 993: 986: 985: 978: 977: 970: 969: 962: 961: 954: 953: 948: 947: 940: 939: 934: 933: 926: 925: 920: 919: 912: 911: 906: 905: 898: 897: 892: 891: 884: 883: 878: 877: 870: 869: 864: 863: 856: 855: 850: 849: 842: 841: 836: 835: 828: 827: 822: 821: 814: 813: 808: 807: 800: 799: 794: 793: 786: 785: 780: 779: 772: 771: 766: 765: 758: 757: 751: 750: 749: 702:Merionethshire 691:South Carolina 670: 667: 664: 663: 653: 643: 634: 633: 625: 624: 617: 616: 607: 606: 599: 598: 591: 590: 583: 582: 577: 576: 569: 568: 563: 562: 555: 554: 549: 548: 541: 540: 535: 534: 527: 526: 521: 520: 513: 512: 507: 506: 499: 498: 493: 492: 485: 484: 480:Strata Florida 479: 478: 471: 470: 465: 464: 457: 456: 451: 450: 443: 442: 436: 435: 434: 432: 396:Church History 384:Glyndŵr Rising 320:Merionethshire 280:Strata Florida 229: 226: 183: 180: 119: 116: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4772: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4737: 4735: 4722: 4721: 4708: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4681: 4680:national flag 4678: 4677: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4659: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4632: 4630: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4592: 4590: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4567: 4566: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4554: 4538: 4535: 4534: 4533: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4524: 4522: 4520: 4516: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4499: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4461: 4458: 4457: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4412:Welsh English 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4399: 4397: 4395: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4382: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4336:Gorsedd Cymru 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4313: 4311: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4292: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4233: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4221: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4201:Police forces 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4175: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4148:Republicanism 4146: 4144: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4113: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4062: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4026: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3984: 3983: 3980: 3979: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3967: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3869: 3863: 3860: 3859: 3856: 3851: 3844: 3839: 3837: 3832: 3830: 3825: 3824: 3821: 3809: 3801: 3800: 3797: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3763: 3761: 3757: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3717: 3715: 3711: 3708: 3706:animal breeds 3702: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3667: 3665: 3661: 3653: 3650: 3649: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3637:Sheep farming 3635: 3634: 3632: 3628: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3611:Welsh cuisine 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3593: 3591: 3587: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3575:Welsh farmers 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3542: 3540: 3538:Organisations 3536: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3521: 3518: 3514: 3507: 3502: 3500: 3495: 3493: 3488: 3487: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3473: 3472: 3456: 3452: 3451: 3446: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3418: 3417: 3411: 3402: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3387: 3381: 3372: 3368: 3363: 3354: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3339: 3333: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3306: 3300: 3296: 3295: 3289: 3280: 3276: 3275: 3270: 3261: 3255: 3251: 3250: 3244: 3235: 3229: 3225: 3224: 3218: 3209: 3208: 3202: 3192: 3191: 3185: 3176: 3170: 3166: 3165: 3159: 3150: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3135: 3129: 3120: 3119: 3113: 3103: 3102: 3097: 3088: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3073: 3067: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3047: 3041: 3037: 3032: 3023: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3008: 3002: 2993: 2987: 2983: 2982: 2976: 2967: 2961: 2957: 2956: 2950: 2941: 2937: 2936: 2931: 2922: 2921: 2915: 2906: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2891: 2885: 2876: 2872: 2867: 2858: 2852: 2849:, F+W Media, 2848: 2847: 2841: 2832: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2817: 2811: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2784: 2783: 2777: 2768: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2753: 2747: 2738: 2732: 2728: 2727:Penguin Books 2724: 2723: 2717: 2707: 2703: 2698: 2689: 2685: 2684: 2678: 2668: 2667: 2662: 2653: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2638: 2632: 2623: 2622: 2616: 2607: 2601: 2597: 2596: 2590: 2581: 2577: 2576: 2571: 2562: 2556: 2552: 2551: 2545: 2535: 2534: 2528: 2519: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2504: 2498: 2488: 2487: 2482: 2481: 2469: 2464: 2457: 2452: 2446:, p. 31. 2445: 2440: 2433: 2428: 2421: 2416: 2409: 2404: 2402: 2394: 2389: 2382: 2377: 2370: 2365: 2359:, p. 33. 2358: 2353: 2346: 2341: 2334: 2329: 2322: 2317: 2311:, p. 32. 2310: 2305: 2298: 2293: 2291: 2283: 2278: 2272:, p. 16. 2271: 2266: 2264: 2256: 2255:Thompson 1993 2251: 2249: 2241: 2236: 2234: 2227:, p. 14. 2226: 2221: 2214: 2209: 2202: 2197: 2195: 2193: 2185: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2168: 2163: 2157:, p. 28. 2156: 2151: 2144: 2139: 2132: 2127: 2120: 2115: 2113: 2105: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2089:, p. 66. 2088: 2087:Burnette 2008 2083: 2076: 2071: 2064: 2059: 2052: 2047: 2040: 2035: 2028: 2023: 2021: 2014:, p. 52. 2013: 2008: 2006: 2004: 1996: 1991: 1989: 1982:, p. 51. 1981: 1976: 1974: 1967:, p. 50. 1966: 1961: 1959: 1951: 1946: 1939: 1934: 1927: 1922: 1915: 1910: 1904:, p. 16. 1903: 1898: 1891: 1886: 1879: 1874: 1872: 1864: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1847: 1842: 1840: 1838: 1830: 1825: 1818: 1813: 1811: 1803: 1798: 1791: 1786: 1779: 1774: 1767: 1762: 1755: 1750: 1743: 1738: 1731: 1726: 1719: 1714: 1712: 1705:, p. 11. 1704: 1699: 1692: 1687: 1680: 1675: 1668: 1663: 1656: 1651: 1644: 1639: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1628: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1605: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1554: 1551: 1550:Haverfordwest 1548: 1545: 1543: 1542:Pembrokeshire 1539: 1536: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1527:Monmouthshire 1525: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492:Melin Teifi, 1491: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1453: 1450: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1417: 1414: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1385: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1339: 1330: 1328: 1324: 1318: 1316: 1310: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1295: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1270: 1268: 1264: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1240: 1235: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1207: 1204: 1200: 1195: 1193: 1189: 1184: 1176: 1171: 1167: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1099:Severn Valley 1091: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1059:Afon Crafnant 1056: 1052: 1045: 1040: 1038: 1029: 1025: 1006: 997: 981: 965: 755: 747: 742: 737: 732: 730: 721: 717: 713: 711: 707: 703: 699: 694: 692: 688: 684: 675: 669:Foreign trade 658: 654: 648: 644: 637: 628: 612: 594: 440: 433: 427: 423: 422: 419: 417: 411: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 392:Thomas Fuller 387: 385: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 359: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 331: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 256:Tintern Abbey 253: 249: 242: 238: 234: 225: 222: 218: 214: 209: 204: 201: 197: 193: 188: 179: 177: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 152: 150: 146: 142: 138: 134: 124: 115: 113: 109: 105: 101: 96: 93: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 43: 41: 36: 21: 4711: 4697:Welsh Dragon 4565:Christianity 4385:Demographics 4343: / 4168:Wales Office 4133:Local rulers 3982:Biodiversity 3885:Bibliography 3646: 3479: 3458:, retrieved 3449: 3439:, retrieved 3435:Wales Online 3434: 3421:, retrieved 3415: 3404:, retrieved 3385: 3374:, retrieved 3370: 3356:, retrieved 3337: 3326:, retrieved 3321: 3308:, retrieved 3293: 3282:, retrieved 3273: 3263:, retrieved 3248: 3237:, retrieved 3222: 3211:, retrieved 3206: 3195:, retrieved 3189: 3178:, retrieved 3163: 3152:, retrieved 3133: 3122:, retrieved 3117: 3106:, retrieved 3100: 3090:, retrieved 3071: 3060:, retrieved 3056: 3035: 3025:, retrieved 3006: 2995:, retrieved 2980: 2969:, retrieved 2954: 2943:, retrieved 2934: 2924:, retrieved 2919: 2908:, retrieved 2889: 2878:, retrieved 2874: 2860:, retrieved 2845: 2834:, retrieved 2815: 2804:, retrieved 2800: 2787:, retrieved 2781: 2770:, retrieved 2751: 2740:, retrieved 2721: 2710:, retrieved 2705: 2691:, retrieved 2682: 2671:, retrieved 2665: 2655:, retrieved 2636: 2625:, retrieved 2620: 2609:, retrieved 2594: 2583:, retrieved 2574: 2564:, retrieved 2549: 2538:, retrieved 2532: 2521:, retrieved 2502: 2491:, retrieved 2485: 2463: 2451: 2439: 2427: 2415: 2395:, p. 3. 2388: 2376: 2364: 2352: 2340: 2328: 2316: 2309:Jenkins 2005 2304: 2277: 2270:Waiters 2003 2220: 2208: 2162: 2155:Jenkins 2005 2150: 2138: 2131:Hitches 2013 2126: 2119:Stephen 2011 2082: 2070: 2058: 2051:Gregory 1824 2046: 2039:Gregory 1824 2034: 1945: 1933: 1921: 1909: 1897: 1885: 1824: 1797: 1785: 1773: 1761: 1749: 1737: 1725: 1698: 1686: 1674: 1662: 1650: 1582:Castlemorris 1566:Melin Trefin 1344: 1319: 1311: 1296: 1271: 1250:Teifi Valley 1243: 1219:River Brenig 1196: 1180: 1149: 1147: 1143:Llanbrynmair 1129: 1127: 1096: 1047: 1042: 1036: 1033: 837:Llanbrynmair 744: 739: 734: 725: 695: 680: 550:Valle Crucis 412: 395: 388: 371:Bohun family 360: 332: 324:Valle Crucis 302:(1179) near 245: 236: 217:transhumance 205: 185: 153: 148: 129: 97: 44: 34: 32: 4692:Royal Badge 4635:Saint David 4575:Catholicism 4570:Anglicanism 4246:Coal mining 4236:Agriculture 4138:Nationalism 3735:Lleyn sheep 3053:"Llandysul" 2489:, Rock Mill 2444:Osmond 2007 2420:Davies 2007 2408:Nisbet 2013 2393:Davies 2012 2381:Hudson 1989 2357:Davies 2012 2240:Davies 2007 2167:Davies 2007 2075:Davies 1813 2027:Davies 2007 1995:Davies 2007 1938:Hudson 1989 1926:Miller 1991 1902:Barlow 1878 1890:Miller 1991 1863:Miller 1991 1846:Davies 2007 1817:Davies 2007 1742:Hudson 2014 1594:Middle Mill 1511:Esgair Moel 1388:North Wales 1325:bought the 1307:World War I 1244:During the 1210:South Wales 1139:South Devon 1135:Radnorshire 1063:River Conwy 1019:North Wales 386:(1400–15). 355:tenter yard 339:Black Death 328:Powys Fadog 248:Middle Ages 108:World War I 98:During the 28: 1895 4734:Categories 4527:Healthcare 4487:Scientists 4450:Architects 4345:in English 4331:Eisteddfod 4106:Government 4091:Devolution 4074:Government 4051:Waterfalls 3920:Deheubarth 3890:Prehistory 3630:Industries 3460:2016-03-30 3441:2016-03-27 3423:2016-03-31 3406:2016-03-28 3376:2016-03-29 3358:2016-03-27 3328:2016-03-29 3310:2016-03-27 3284:2016-03-27 3265:2016-04-08 3239:2016-04-08 3213:2016-03-31 3197:2016-04-02 3193:, Sandford 3180:2016-03-28 3154:2016-03-27 3124:2016-03-27 3108:2016-03-27 3101:Mills Open 3092:2016-03-27 3062:2016-03-30 3057:List Wales 3027:2016-03-28 2997:2016-04-08 2971:2016-03-29 2945:2016-03-27 2935:Highlights 2926:2016-04-02 2910:2016-03-27 2880:2016-03-27 2862:2016-03-28 2836:2016-03-28 2806:2016-03-28 2801:Grammarist 2789:2016-03-27 2772:2016-03-28 2742:2016-03-28 2712:2016-03-27 2693:2016-03-31 2673:2016-03-31 2657:2016-03-27 2627:2016-03-31 2611:2016-03-28 2585:2016-03-28 2566:2016-04-08 2540:2016-03-27 2523:2016-03-27 2493:2016-03-30 2477:References 2345:Gower 2012 2297:Cowey 2016 2225:Aspin 1982 2213:Parry 1847 2012:Evans 2010 1980:Evans 2010 1965:Evans 2010 1950:Ghosh 2013 1802:Bitel 2002 1790:Bitel 2002 1476:Carmarthen 1437:Ceredigion 1279:Pentrecwrt 1263:Carmarthen 1254:Ceredigion 1115:Llanidloes 1051:Llangollen 921:Trefeglwys 865:Llanidloes 851:Llangollen 781:Carmarthen 706:Trefeglwys 687:Charleston 508:Llantarnam 326:(1202) in 318:(1198) in 310:(1186) in 300:Llantarnam 296:Maelienydd 294:(1176) in 286:(1170) in 268:Netherwent 266:, lord of 260:Wye valley 252:Cistercian 192:Bronze Age 112:wool mills 83:Cistercian 4580:Mormonism 4472:Musicians 4467:Inventors 4402:Languages 4394:Languages 4326:Education 4281:Transport 4251:Companies 4096:Elections 3970:Geography 3895:Roman Era 3771:Welsh pig 3680:Tir Gofal 3675:Tir Cymen 3570:NFU Cymru 2984:, Wiley, 2981:The Picts 2432:Odih 2007 2299:, part 4. 2184:Odih 2007 2063:Owen 1808 1878:Odih 2007 1560:Cilgerran 1520:St Fagans 1449:Llandysul 1445:Rhydlewis 1382:Location 1287:Llandysul 1128:The 1840 1107:Welshpool 1085:Mid-Wales 1028:Penmachno 964:Liverpool 949:Welshpool 879:Llandysul 593:Liverpool 522:Aberconwy 351:mill pond 343:gristmill 308:Aberconwy 221:Hywel Dda 4631:History 4605:Hinduism 4600:Buddhism 4557:Religion 4502:in Welsh 4256:Forestry 4163:Unionism 4083:Politics 4065:Politics 3960:Colonies 3880:Timeline 3808:Category 3663:Land use 3616:Tŷ unnos 3469:See also 3371:geoτόποι 2422:, PT526. 2242:, PT399. 2169:, PT347. 2133:, PT163. 2029:, PT312. 1997:, PT322. 1848:, PT193. 1819:, PT135. 1602:See also 1327:Treorchy 1323:Burberry 1315:Lampeter 1291:Lampeter 1267:Chartist 1252:between 1237:Loom at 1223:Tregaron 1203:Rochdale 1199:Rhayader 1192:Rochdale 1119:Bradford 1037:ty-gwydd 980:Barmouth 907:Rhayader 823:Lampeter 729:Barmouth 683:Virginia 466:Whitland 304:Caerleon 282:(1164), 276:Whitland 272:Striguil 196:Glyntawe 61:it into 59:spinning 51:classing 47:shearing 4750:Weaving 4662:Symbols 4625:Sikhism 4620:Druidry 4615:Judaism 4595:Bahá'ís 4497:Writers 4482:Royalty 4455:Artists 4375:Theatre 4360:Museums 4321:Castles 4308:Culture 4295:Society 4276:Tourism 4224:Economy 4116:History 4009:Islands 4004:Geology 3999:Climate 3872:History 3685:Glastir 3647:Woollen 3642:Fishing 3589:Culture 1744:, PT96. 1506:Cardiff 1405:Gwynedd 1398:Trefriw 1283:Henllan 1227:hosiery 1111:Newtown 1079:fulling 1075:jennies 996:Cardiff 935:Trefriw 893:Newtown 809:Henllan 627:Bristol 609:Shrews- 452:Tintern 408:Bristol 400:friezes 375:Ceiriog 312:Gwynedd 258:in the 246:In the 176:napping 172:fulling 164:rovings 160:Carding 149:Cochddu 118:Process 87:fulling 79:napping 75:fulling 67:knitted 55:carding 4670:Anthem 4537:Boards 4519:Health 4440:Actors 4427:People 4370:Sports 4191:Courts 4158:Senedd 4126:Mayors 4121:Cities 4041:Rivers 3397: 3349: 3324:, 2012 3301: 3256: 3230: 3171: 3145: 3083: 3042: 3018: 2988: 2962: 2901: 2853: 2827: 2763: 2733: 2648: 2602: 2557: 2514: 1831:, PT4. 1570:Trefin 1376:County 1188:tweeds 578:Margam 494:Cwmhir 379:Ruthin 363:Margam 292:Cwmhir 213:Gildas 200:Romans 198:. The 141:Staple 4675:Flags 4610:Islam 4507:Women 4492:Women 4477:Poets 4460:Women 4407:Welsh 4355:Music 4350:Media 4034:AONBs 4014:Lakes 3992:Flora 3987:Fauna 3850:Wales 3759:Other 3713:Sheep 3704:Welsh 1624:Notes 1535:Pandy 1420:Powys 1333:Today 1123:Leeds 1103:Powys 1071:mules 564:Neath 536:Cymer 367:Neath 316:Cymer 156:willy 71:woven 40:Welsh 4431:list 3395:ISBN 3347:ISBN 3299:ISBN 3254:ISBN 3228:ISBN 3169:ISBN 3143:ISBN 3081:ISBN 3040:ISBN 3016:ISBN 2986:ISBN 2960:ISBN 2899:ISBN 2851:ISBN 2825:ISBN 2761:ISBN 2731:ISBN 2646:ISBN 2600:ISBN 2555:ISBN 2512:ISBN 1618:Wool 1379:Mill 1362:and 1285:and 1256:and 1248:the 1121:and 1113:and 1073:and 767:Bala 710:Bala 700:and 611:bury 349:and 347:leat 322:and 270:and 168:yarn 137:kemp 63:yarn 57:and 33:The 4316:Art 4178:Law 2688:BBC 1137:or 1109:, 1101:in 394:'s 239:by 69:or 4736:: 3453:, 3433:, 3393:, 3389:, 3369:, 3345:, 3341:, 3320:, 3277:, 3141:, 3137:, 3079:, 3075:, 3055:, 3014:, 3010:, 2938:, 2897:, 2893:, 2873:, 2823:, 2819:, 2799:, 2759:, 2755:, 2729:, 2725:, 2704:, 2686:, 2644:, 2640:, 2510:, 2506:, 2400:^ 2289:^ 2262:^ 2247:^ 2232:^ 2191:^ 2174:^ 2111:^ 2094:^ 2019:^ 2002:^ 1987:^ 1972:^ 1957:^ 1870:^ 1853:^ 1836:^ 1809:^ 1710:^ 1631:^ 1513:, 1447:, 1358:, 1354:, 1281:, 1277:, 410:. 365:, 314:, 306:, 298:, 290:, 174:, 77:, 49:, 25:c. 4433:) 4429:( 3842:e 3835:t 3828:v 3505:e 3498:t 3491:v 2470:. 2458:. 2410:. 2371:. 2335:. 2323:. 2284:. 2145:. 2121:. 1952:. 1916:. 1720:. 1681:. 1669:. 1645:. 1229:.

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Knowledge

Woollen industry in Wales

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