600:
486:
434:
620:
683:
339:
458:
599:
564:
652:
541:
510:
351:
66:
44:
82:
25:
399:, hemicelluloses, and extractives, as well as on the various products derived from these components. It is also explores potential uses for pulp and paper production, the utilization of wood and wood waste, the generation of energy and chemicals from pulping byproducts, and the conversion of biomass.
485:
682:
415:, and materials strength. Wood physics encompasses critical research areas including: a) examining wood behaviour in relation to moisture, which involves fundamental aspects of moisture absorption, swelling, and shrinkage, b) investigating the impact of
619:
433:
219:. The Forest Products Laboratory played a fundamental role in wood science providing scientific research on wood and wood products in partnership with academia, industry, local and other institutions in North and South America and worldwide.
563:
379:, a subset of wood science which focuses on the formation, structure and composition of wood tissues. It involves investigations conducted at the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular levels. Additionally, this sub-field encompasses
651:
2064:
195:
and academic studies on wood processing were first initiated. The Forest and Forest
Products Research Institute in Tokyo was also established in 1905. In 1906 the Forest Products Research Institute was created in
540:
457:
321:
From the '60s, the founding of research institutes in the field of wood sciences continued in many universities, and also in universities of applied sciences and technological universities. Today,
191:
Initial comprehensive investigations in the field of wood science emerged at the start of the 20th century. In 1902, the Wood
Processing Laboratory was founded in the Department of Forestry at
509:
222:
In the following years, many wood research institutes came into existence across almost all industrialized nations. A general overview of these institutes and laboratories is shown below:
101:
is the scientific field which predominantly studies and investigates elements associated with the formation, the physical and chemical composition, and the macro- and microstructure of
407:, which constitutes an essential component of the field of wood science, building upon discoveries in wood chemistry, wood anatomy (xylem), and biology, as well as principles from
268:
1936: Wood
Department of the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing in Zurich (today's Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology), Switzerland
325:(IAWS), a recognised and non-profit assembly of wood scientists, represents worldwide the scientific area of wood science and all of its associated technological domains.
1347:. Gen. Tech. Rep. FPL–GTR–113. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory.: Forest Products Laboratory. 1999. p. 463.
227:
2100:
1927:
423:
and heat storage, and c) assessing the mechanical, rheological, and acoustic properties and qualities of both wood and wood-based products.
883:
2038:
2029:
1358:
322:
113:
material. Wood science additionally delves into the biological, chemical, physical, and mechanical properties and characteristics of
2048:
1598:
1314:
2002:
1969:
1895:
1282:
924:
246:
314:
1954: Faculty of Wood
Technology, Poznan University (today's Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology at Poznan),
302:
1950: Federal
Institute for Forestry and Forest Products (today's Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute), Germany
274:
1944: Swedish Forest
Products Research Laboratory, former TRÄTEK (today's Research Institutes of Sweden), Sweden
391:, whose primary focus is the analysis of the chemical constituents comprising wood, with specific emphasis on
35:
2130:
2080:
208:
1339:
554:
1928:"Science and Technology of Wood – Structure, Properties, Utilization (Tsoumis, G.) – Verlag Kessel"
642:
590:
280:
1946: Institute for Wood
Research, iVTH (today's Fraunhofer Institute for Wood Research), Germany
172:
110:
305:
1952: Institute for Wood
Technology and Fibers (today's Institute for Wood Technology Dresden),
2125:
626:
606:
176:
168:
164:
338:
2077:
311:
1952: Institute for Wood
Research and Wood Technology (today's Wood Research Munich), Germany
140:
613:
product for big construction projects (i.e. buildings), which was developed during the ‘90s.
570:
370:
The field of wood science can be categorized into three distinct sub-areas, which include:
287:
1382:
8:
1573:
706:
Below are some of the significant scientific journals within the areas of wood sciences:
696:, helps today in the accurate and very fast identification of timber in the global trade.
192:
2069:
2008:
1909:
1296:
1201:
1153:
Bowyer, J. L. (2000-10-05). "Wood science in a changing world - Where are we headed?".
1135:
1019:
Bowyer, J. L. (2000-10-05). "Wood science in a changing world - Where are we headed?".
1001:
938:
826:
106:
383:
which involves the (macroscopic - microscopic) identification of various wood species.
296:
1948: Austrian Wood
Research Institute Vienna (today's Holzforschung Austria), Austria
2055:
1998:
1965:
1913:
1901:
1891:
1300:
1288:
1278:
1205:
1170:
1139:
1127:
1036:
1005:
993:
942:
930:
920:
550:
500:
408:
2012:
1433:"Wood Science and Technology (Journal of The International Academy of Wood Science)"
147:
and other materials, as well as the utilization of wood and wood-based materials in
1990:
1957:
1883:
1270:
1193:
1162:
1117:
1107:
1028:
983:
973:
912:
847:
665:
638:
586:
2085:
1760:
858:
610:
420:
160:
128:
127:
Deep understanding of wood plays a pivotal role in several endeavors such as the
118:
1513:, Japanese Scientific Journal of Wood Sciences (The Japan Wood Research Society)
242:
1923: Department of Mechanics and Wood Technology, University of Sopron, Hungary
1122:
988:
444:
350:
1994:
1887:
1648:
1506:
1457:
1274:
1197:
916:
2120:
2114:
1905:
1292:
1174:
1131:
1040:
997:
934:
830:
515:
361:
255:
1929: Institute for Wood Science and Technology, Leningrant, St. Petersburg,
250:
132:
464:
1712:
693:
689:
380:
148:
1854:
1853:
Yadav, Ronak; Gupta, Sangeeta; Verma, P. K.; Sharma, Upasna (2024-03-11).
1166:
1032:
428:
Some indicative examples involving fundamental principles of wood sciences
1523:
1482:
1218:
1112:
1095:
978:
961:
957:
822:
669:
657:
578:
519:
468:
416:
344:
In wood biology, different wood elements are studied under the microscope
291:
180:
1961:
1432:
1407:
1054:
661:
472:
136:
65:
1687:
277:
1946: Latvian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Wood Chemistry, Latvia
1818:), Polish Scientific Journal of Wood (Poznan Institute of Technology)
1548:
1244:
634:
412:
392:
357:
212:
207:
The advent of contemporary wood research commenced in 1910, when the
156:
1985:
Kollmann, Franz F. P.; Kuenzi, Edward W.; Stamm, Alfred J. (1975).
1785:
842:
Science and Technology of Wood - Structure, Properties, Utilization
492:
197:
152:
121:
43:
1673:
1623:
2090:
2061:
546:
476:
448:
440:
306:
144:
81:
1219:
911:. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 2023. p. 25-26.
549:, a wood panel typically bonded with formaldehyde-based resins (
475:, applying a procedure which involves fundamental principles of
1828:
673:
531:
396:
315:
226:
1913: Institute of Wood and Pulp Chemistry Eberswalde (today's
16:
The scientific discipline which studies and researches the wood
1808:
24:
2105:
2072:
1269:. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 2023. p. 25.
557:), is widely utilized for interior and exterior applications.
527:
262:
201:
2035:
1245:"International Academy of Wood Science UIA Yearbook Profile"
692:, which incorporates microscopic features from the field of
2043:
1624:"Wood Research – Slovak Forest Products Research Institute"
582:
523:
256:
114:
102:
1081:
Denkschrift zur Lage der Forstwirtschaft und Holzforschung
1736:
852:
Wood Modification: Chemical, Thermal and Other Processes.
216:
1078:
283:
1947: State Wood Research Institute Bratislava, Slovakia
91:) xylem with axial banded parenchyma in light microscopy
2106:
Institute of Wood Science & Technology at Bangalore
1094:
Mai, Carsten; Schmitt, Uwe; Niemz, Peter (2021-12-31).
451:, it all commences with the sawmilling of round timber.
1096:"A brief overview on the development of wood research"
962:"A brief overview on the development of wood research"
1852:
491:
Railroad wooden ties that are fully impregnated with
271:
1942: Laboratory of Wood Technology Helsinki, Finland
239:
1919: Forest Products Laboratory Melbourne, Australia
2044:
International Society of Wood Science and Technology
1878:"Springer Handbook of Wood Science and Technology".
1265:"Springer Handbook of Wood Science and Technology".
907:"Springer Handbook of Wood Science and Technology".
589:
represents a novel development following decades of
299:
1949: Norwegian Institute of Wood Technology, Norway
2095:
1984:
1737:"Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology"
1079:Köstler, J.N.; Kollmann, F.; v. Massov, V. (1960).
286:1947: Forest Research Institute – Rotorua (today's
1989:. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
1674:"Forest Products Journal - Forest Product Society"
236:1918: Forest Products Laboratory Vancouver, Canada
183:, briquettes, and numerous wood-derived products.
1882:. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 2023.
1741:Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
781:Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
233:1913: Forest Products Laboratory Montreal, Canada
228:Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development
2112:
1187:
835:Springer Handbook of Wood Science and Technology
1855:"Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science"
1093:
1083:. Wies-baden: Wiesbaden: Steiner. pp. 2–3.
955:
1829:"Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries"
844:. Publishing House Kessel, ISBN 9783941300224.
633:) resulting from the chemical modification of
131:, the production of wood-based materials like
1341:Wood handbook—Wood as an engineering material
811:Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science
1408:"European Journal of Wood and Wood Products"
806:Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries
1507:http://www.jwrs.org/english/journals/mkz-e/
1220:"The International Academy of Wood Science"
865:II., Springer 1975, ISBN 978-3-642-87933-3.
1649:"Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology"
1188:Sonderegger, Walter; Niemz, Peter (2021).
1059:US Forest Service Research and Development
766:Journal of Wood Chemistry & Technology
716:European Journal of Wood and Wood Products
2036:The International Academy of Wood Science
1987:Principles of Wood Science and Technology
1458:"Wood Material Science & Engineering"
1224:The International Academy of Wood Science
1121:
1111:
987:
977:
863:Principles of Wood Science and Technology
323:the International Academy of Wood Science
1190:Physik des Holzes und der Holzwerkstoffe
837:, Springer 2023, ISBN 978-3-030-81314-7.
151:and a wide array of products, including
1786:"Scientific journal of wood technology"
1710:
857:Franz F.P. Kollmann, Edward W. Kuenzi,
75:) with rays in the tangential direction
2113:
1152:
1018:
972:(2). Walter de Gruyter GmbH: 102–119.
701:
664:nowadays, is produced from compressed
2081:Forest Products Laboratory at Madison
1761:"International Wood Products Journal"
726:Wood Material Science and Engineering
53:) with characteristic rows of vessels
2101:TUM - Wood Science and Biotechnology
1951:
786:International Wood Products Journal
247:Forest Products Research Laboratory
13:
1932:Verlag Kessel – Wir machen Bücher.
1106:(2). Walter de Gruyter GmbH: 102.
816:
211:(FPL) was established in Madison,
14:
2142:
2023:
1952:Hill, Callum A. S. (2006-01-13).
419:on wood properties, encompassing
681:
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598:
562:
539:
508:
484:
456:
432:
349:
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261:1933: Centre Technique du Bois,
80:
64:
42:
23:
1978:
1945:
1920:
1871:
1846:
1821:
1802:
1778:
1753:
1729:
1711:Morrell, Jeffrey (2023-08-16).
1704:
1680:
1666:
1641:
1616:
1591:
1566:
1541:
1516:
1500:
1475:
1450:
1425:
1400:
1375:
1359:"Wood Science & Technology"
1351:
1332:
1307:
1258:
1237:
1212:
1192:. Carl Hanser. pp. 27–35.
854:Wiley 2006, ISBN 0-470-02172-1.
499:, which is a common method for
360:, is produced via the alkaline
2096:Wallenberg Wood Science Center
2070:The main tropical wood species
1181:
1146:
1087:
1072:
1047:
1012:
949:
900:
876:
641:; this presents today a novel
467:is typically utilized in the
1:
1603:Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología
869:
756:Maderas: Ciencia y Tecnología
672:, involving the softening of
1055:"Forest Products Laboratory"
956:Mai, Carsten; Schmitt, Uwe;
328:
7:
2032:Wood Science and Technology
1833:مجله صنایع چوب و کاغذ ایران
1809:https://www.drewno-wood.pl/
1511:Wood Science and Technology
1155:Wood Science and Technology
1021:Wood Science and Technology
721:Wood Science and Technology
495:through a process known as
10:
2147:
209:Forest Products Laboratory
186:
1995:10.1007/978-3-642-87931-9
1888:10.1007/978-3-030-81315-4
1688:"Forest Products Journal"
1524:"Journal of Wood Science"
1275:10.1007/978-3-030-81315-4
1198:10.3139/9783446445468.002
917:10.1007/978-3-030-81315-4
1713:"Wood and Fiber Science"
522:technique, under which,
356:Through wood chemistry,
161:engineered wood products
1692:meridian.allenpress.com
840:George Tsoumis (2009).
771:Forest Products Journal
741:Journal of Wood Science
688:Novel device, named as
530:and its basic polymer,
1717:Wood and Fiber Science
1363:Google Scholar Metrics
776:Wood and Fiber Science
660:, a type of important
607:cross-laminated timber
447:technology. Following
249:, Princes Risborough,
165:glued laminated timber
2065:Holzforschung Austria
1167:10.1007/s002260000049
1033:10.1007/s002260000049
577:) resulting from the
1765:Taylor & Francis
1653:Taylor & Francis
1462:Taylor & Francis
1113:10.1515/hf-2021-0155
979:10.1515/hf-2021-0155
1123:20.500.11850/524024
989:20.500.11850/524024
702:Scientific journals
625:Terrace built with
1962:10.1002/0470021748
1880:Springer Handbooks
1267:Springer Handbooks
909:Springer Handbooks
827:Alfred Teischinger
497:pressure treatment
129:processing of wood
2131:Materials science
2091:The Wood Database
2056:Elisabeth Wheeler
2004:978-3-642-87933-3
1971:978-0-470-02172-9
1954:Wood Modification
1897:978-3-030-81314-7
1284:978-3-030-81314-7
926:978-3-030-81314-7
736:Mokuzai Gakkaishi
627:furfurylated wood
409:classical physics
2138:
2086:delta-intkey.com
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848:Callum A.S. Hill
791:Drvna Industrija
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643:green technology
639:furfuryl alcohol
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587:acetic anhydride
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1383:"Holzforschung"
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859:Alfred J. Stamm
819:
817:Further reading
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623:
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611:engineered wood
609:(CLT), a novel
603:
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571:acetylated wood
567:
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501:preserving wood
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884:"Wood science"
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