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386:(MDF), or the like. However, in order to maintain a reputation for quality at low cost, manufacturers may use higher grades of particle board, e.g., higher density particle board, thicker particle board, or particle board using higher-quality resins. One may note the amount of sag in a shelf of a given width in order to draw the distinction.
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The formed sheets are cold-compressed to reduce thickness and make them easier to transport. Later, they are compressed again, under pressures between 2 and 3 megapascals (290 and 440 psi) and temperatures between 140 and 220 °C (284 and 428 °F) to set and harden the glue. The entire
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The history of particleboard is unclear. The nineteenth century saw many attempts to make use of sawmill by-products, including sawdust and wood chips, by manufacturing composite boards; conceptual references to processes of manufacturing wood composites similar to particleboard date from 1887. In
378:
Particle board has had a huge influence on furniture design. In the early 1950s, particle board kitchens started to come into use in furniture construction but, in many cases, it remained more expensive than solid wood. A particle board kitchen was only available to the very wealthy. Once the
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to set construction standards. Particleboard (PB), medium-density fibreboard (MDF), oriented strand board (OSB), and laminated flooring have been major sources of formaldehyde emissions. In response to consumer and woodworker pressure on the industry, PB and MDF became available in "no added
345:
weighs the flakes, and they are distributed by rotating rakes. In graded-density particleboard, the flakes are spread by an air jet that throws finer particles further than coarse ones. Two such jets, reversed, allow the particles to build up from fine to coarse and back to fine.
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into chips and bound together with a phenolic resin. Hammer-milling involves smashing material into smaller and smaller pieces until they can pass through a screen. Most early particleboard manufacturers used similar processes, though often with slightly different resins.
217:
or another sealer. Therefore, it is rarely used outdoors or in places where there are high levels of moisture, except in bathrooms, kitchens and laundries, where it is commonly used as an underlayment shielded beneath a moisture resistant continuous sheet of
306:
with between four and sixteen radially arranged blades. The chips from disk chippers are more uniform in shape and size than from other types of wood chippers. The particles are then dried, and any oversize or undersized particles are screened out.
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patented a process for making particleboard without fully impregnating wood fibers with adhesive, distinguishing it from earlier wood composites. This particleboard could be produced with waste products such as planer shavings, off-cuts or sawdust,
210:, also called high-density fiberboard, are stronger and denser than particleboard. Different grades of particleboard have different densities, with higher density connoting greater strength and greater resistance to failure of screw fasteners.
340:
After the particles pass through a mist of resin sufficient to coat all surfaces, they are layered into a continuous carpet. This 'carpet' is then separated into discrete, rectangular 'blankets' which will be compacted in a cold press. A
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into consistent chips and flakes; these finer layers were then placed on the outside of the board, with its core composed of coarser, cheaper chips. This type of board is known as three-layer particleboard.
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offer water resistance with more melamine offering higher resistance. It is typically used in external applications, with the coloured resin darkening the panel. To further enhance the panel properties,
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In general, the much lower cost of sheet goods (particle board, medium density fiberboard, and other engineered wood products) has helped to displace solid wood from many cabinetry applications.
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Some large companies base their strategies around providing furniture at a low price. To do this, they use the least expensive materials possible. In almost all cases, this means particle board,
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is then sprayed as a fine mist onto the particles. Several types of resins are used in the process. Amino-formaldehyde based resins are the best performing based on cost and ease of use. Urea
437:
formaldehyde" (NAF) versions, but were not in common use as of 2015. Many other building materials such as furniture finish, carpeting and caulking give off formaldehyde, as well as
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213:
A significant disadvantage of particleboard is its susceptibility to expansion and discoloration from moisture absorption, particularly when it is not covered with
234:
1935, Farley and
Loetscher Manufacturing Co. became the first plant to manufacture particleboard. A particleboard industry developed over the course of the 1940s.
353:
The boards are then cooled, trimmed and sanded. They can then be sold as raw board or surface improved through the addition of a wood veneer or laminate surface.
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It was found that better strength, appearance and resin economy could be achieved by using more uniform, manufactured chips. Producers began processing solid
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and is substituted for them when cost is more important than strength and appearance. Particleboard can be made more appealing by painting or the use of wood
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286:
More recently, graded-density particleboard has also evolved. It contains particles that gradually become smaller as they get closer to the surface.
202:
on visible surfaces. Though it is denser than conventional wood, it is the lightest and weakest type of fiberboard, except for insulation board.
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or other suitable binder, which is pressed under a hot press, batch- or continuous- type, and produced. Particle board is often confused with
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703:
IARC Monographs on the
Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Volume 88 (2006) Formaldehyde, 2-Butoxyethanol and 1-tert-Butoxypropan-2-ol
428:
The other safety concern is the slow release of formaldehyde over time. In 1984 concerns about the high indoor levels of formaldehyde in new
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Safety concerns exist for both manufacturing and use. Fine dust and chemicals are released when particleboard is machined (e.g., sawing or
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In dry environments, veneered particleboard is preferred over veneered plywood because of its stability, lower cost, and convenience.
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401:). Occupational exposure limits exist in many countries recognizing the hazard of wood dusts. Cutting particle board can release
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on particleboard, in which they were designed to hold. They are still widely used in particleboard furniture.
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process is controlled to ensure the correct size, density and consistency of the board.
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Particleboard or chipboard is manufactured by mixing particles or flakes of wood or
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525:"Early Wood-Fiber Panels: Masonite, Hardboard, and Lower-Density Boards"
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564:"Dating Twentieth-Century Buildings by Means of Construction Materials"
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and forming the mixture into a sheet. The raw material is fed into a
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170:(OSB, also known as flakeboard, or waferboard), a different type of
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product, belonging to the wood-based panels, manufactured from
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technology was more developed, particle board became cheaper.
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United States
Department of Housing and Urban Development
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that uses machined wood flakes and offers more strength.
3032:
International
Federation of Building and Wood Workers
568:
APT Bulletin: The
Journal of Preservation Technology
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Panel production involves other chemicals including
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
529:Journal of the American Institute for Conservation
3174:
621:"Wood-like mass and process for its production"
282:Jute-stick Particle board manufacturing process
596:Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites
1507:
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194:and more uniform than conventional wood and
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162:and a synthetic, mostly formaldehyde based
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742:
724:Composite Panel Association: Particleboard
228:
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120:Learn how and when to remove this message
3022:Building and Wood Workers' International
729:European Panel Federation: Particleboard
360:
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181:
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690:. Illinois Department of Public Health.
658:McCann, Michael; Babin, Angela (1995).
14:
3175:
561:
522:
510:"Wood based panel producers in Poland"
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664:The University of Illinois at Chicago
461:are designed to hold in particleboard
3198:German inventions of the Nazi period
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1464:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
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3007:American Association of Woodturners
1476:
356:
326:, but that is more often used with
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3037:National Wood Carvers Association
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439:urea-formaldehyde foam insulation
186:Cross section of a particle board
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3012:Architectural Woodwork Institute
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1003:Oriented structural straw board
45:needs additional citations for
3017:British Woodworking Federation
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13:
1:
3027:Caricature Carvers of America
660:"Certified Master Woodworker"
523:Katlan, Alexander W. (1994).
495:
709:, WHO Press, 2006( English )
599:. Taylor and Francis Group.
7:
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190:Particle board is cheaper,
10:
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1394:Non-timber forest products
1018:Structural insulated panel
423:phenol formaldehyde resins
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3042:Society of Wood Engravers
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593:Rowell M., Roger (2005).
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384:medium-density fibreboard
322:resins can be mixed with
204:Medium-density fibreboard
1359:Destructive distillation
685:"Formaldehyde Factsheet"
640:. UK HSE. Archived from
562:Bucher, Charles (2012).
1379:Green building and wood
229:History and development
3119:Frameless construction
2200:Wood-plastic composite
1023:Wood–plastic composite
949:Glued laminated timber
944:Cross-laminated timber
470:Glued laminated timber
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3188:Woodworking materials
1096:Corrugated fiberboard
998:Oriented strand board
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168:oriented strand board
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3047:Timber Framers Guild
1901:Australian Blackwood
1481:WikiProject Forestry
54:improve this article
3183:Composite materials
2767:Hammer-headed tenon
2286:Janka hardness test
1242:Ramial chipped wood
635:"Wood dust hazards"
374:flat pack furniture
241:pilot and inventor
136:Particleboard with
1628:Japanese carpentry
1159:Cellulosic ethanol
430:manufactured homes
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27:Glued wood product
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3124:Green woodworking
2981:Wood preservation
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2812:Tongue and groove
2792:Mortise and tenon
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2379:Warrington hammer
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2207:
1896:African Blackwood
1688:Segmented turning
1489:
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1424:Wood preservation
1369:Engineered bamboo
1189:Pyroligneous acid
606:978-1-4398-5381-8
445:as a known human
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16:(Redirected from
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2013:(lime, basswood)
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1399:Natural building
1364:Dry distillation
1318:Split-rail fence
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366:Confirmat screws
357:Furniture design
298:together with a
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2301:Milling machine
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2165:Cross-laminated
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1703:Spindle turning
1693:Shingle weaving
1663:Pallet crafting
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324:phenolic resins
315:melamine resins
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243:Max Himmelheber
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178:Characteristics
156:engineered wood
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148:particleboard
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110:November 2007
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
18:Particleboard
2931:Heat bending
2876:Edge banding
2648:Router plane
2643:Rebate plane
2603:Finger plane
2334:
2189:
2038:
2032:
2012:
2006:Lignum vitae
1764:
1758:
1723:Wood carving
1698:Shipbuilding
1683:Root carving
1643:Log building
1608:Chip carving
1468:
1438:
1333:Wooden masts
1303:Dugout canoe
1288:Bavin (wood)
1237:Black liquor
1174:Liquid smoke
1007:
924:Utility pole
909:Timber truss
829:Log building
702:
696:
679:
667:. Retrieved
663:
653:
642:the original
629:
615:
595:
588:
571:
567:
557:
532:
528:
518:
504:
485:Pressed wood
427:
415:amino resins
403:formaldehyde
396:
388:
381:
377:
352:
348:
339:
332:
309:
304:disc chipper
293:
285:
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236:
232:
224:
212:
189:
151:
147:
143:
142:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3152:WikiProject
3098:Rift sawing
3088:Flat sawing
2976:Wood drying
2653:Scrub plane
2638:Razee plane
2588:Block plane
2442:Mitre clamp
2389:Wood scribe
2340:Combination
2082:Purpleheart
1778:Douglas fir
1728:Woodturning
1561:Occupations
1523:Woodworking
1434:Woodworking
1419:Wood drying
1404:Papermaking
1224:By-products
1130:Derivatives
1068:Pellet fuel
809:Flitch beam
707:(pdf, html)
574:(2/3): 75.
3177:Categories
3107:Techniques
3056:Conversion
2986:Wood stain
2914:Treatments
2702:Birdsmouth
2668:Spokeshave
2618:Jack plane
2608:Fore plane
2447:Pipe clamp
2412:Band clamp
2336:Carpenters
2157:Engineered
2107:Rubberwood
1956:Eucalyptus
1760:Calocedrus
1673:Pyrography
1638:Kohlrosing
1276:Historical
1257:Wood flour
1106:Paperboard
976:Fiberboard
934:Engineered
794:Bressummer
512:. sppd.pl.
496:References
490:Waferboard
465:Fiberboard
447:carcinogen
372:See also:
320:resorcinol
296:jute-stick
222:flooring.
172:fiberboard
160:wood chips
80:newspapers
2896:Parquetry
2891:Oystering
2886:Marquetry
2727:Butterfly
2394:Workbench
2326:Sandpaper
2306:Mitre box
2251:Drawknife
2241:Burnisher
2226:Abrasives
2175:Hardboard
1836:Afromosia
1718:Whittling
1668:Parquetry
1653:Marquetry
1598:Certosina
1593:Carpentry
1583:Cabinetry
1530:Overviews
1298:Clapboard
1267:Woodchips
1262:Wood wool
1142:Cellulose
1137:Birch-tar
1091:Cardboard
1073:Wood fuel
981:hardboard
884:Reclaimed
849:Panelling
839:Log house
834:Log cabin
688:(webpage)
475:Haskelite
239:Luftwaffe
237:In 1932,
208:hardboard
152:chipboard
3142:Category
2921:Adhesive
2901:Purfling
2881:Intarsia
2822:Profiles
2747:Dovetail
2686:Geometry
2525:Hand saw
2510:Crosscut
2495:Circular
2490:Chainsaw
2437:Holdfast
2102:Rosewood
2034:American
2029:Mahogany
2001:Jelutong
1971:Hornbeam
1936:Cocobolo
1931:Chestnut
1846:Andiroba
1658:Millwork
1623:Intarsia
1618:Fretwork
1613:Ébéniste
1542:Glossary
1459:Category
1440:Yakisugi
1374:Forestry
1342:See also
1283:Axe ties
1252:Tall oil
1232:Barkdust
1214:Wood gas
1194:Pine tar
1184:Methanol
1116:Pulpwood
1063:Firewood
1046:Charcoal
1039:Fuelwood
986:Masonite
914:Treenail
814:Flooring
669:June 19,
580:23317191
480:Masonite
453:See also
432:led the
154:, is an
3162:Commons
3078:Whipsaw
3073:Sawmill
2966:Varnish
2961:Thermal
2936:Lacquer
2871:Binding
2840:Chamfer
2707:Biscuit
2673:Surform
2565:Whipsaw
2535:Keyhole
2520:Fretsaw
2500:Compass
2485:Bucksaw
2475:Bandsaw
2470:Backsaw
2452:Sawbuck
2422:F-clamp
2417:C-clamp
2291:Jointer
2195:Plywood
2147:Zebrano
2087:Ovankol
2052:Meranti
2040:African
2011:Linden
1966:Hickory
1921:Cedrela
1916:Camphor
1911:Bubinga
1906:Boxwood
1886:Bilinga
1871:Avodire
1788:Juniper
1773:Cypress
1648:Luthier
1537:History
1470:Commons
1349:Biomass
1323:Tanbark
1247:Sawdust
1058:Firelog
1051:biochar
1013:Plywood
971:I-joist
889:Shingle
844:Molding
549:3179639
399:routing
200:veneers
196:plywood
94:scholar
3068:Hewing
2807:Splice
2762:Halved
2757:Groove
2752:Finger
2732:Coping
2717:Bridle
2694:Joints
2575:Planes
2560:Veneer
2550:Scroll
2545:Ripsaw
2530:Jigsaw
2505:Coping
2404:Clamps
2331:Square
2321:Shaper
2316:Router
2296:Mallet
2271:Gimlet
2246:Chisel
2142:Willow
2132:Walnut
2122:Totara
2112:Sapele
2077:Poplar
2062:Padauk
2024:Merbau
1996:Jarrah
1981:Imbuia
1976:Idigbo
1941:Cumaru
1926:Cherry
1851:Anigre
1813:Spruce
1766:Cedrus
1633:Khatam
1588:Caning
1551:lumber
1308:Potash
1209:Tannin
1169:Lignin
1083:Fibers
1028:lumber
954:veneer
894:Siding
874:Rafter
869:Purlin
784:Batten
777:timber
773:Lumber
603:
578:
547:
419:phenol
417:, and
393:Safety
272:spruce
192:denser
138:veneer
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2946:Paint
2855:Ovolo
2850:Ogive
2835:Bevel
2802:Scarf
2787:Miter
2555:Table
2540:Miter
2515:Frame
2432:Gripe
2348:Speed
2344:Miter
2276:Gauge
2266:Float
2261:Fence
2256:Drill
2214:Tools
2137:Wenge
2127:Utile
2092:Ramin
2047:Maple
2019:Lovoa
1991:Iroko
1961:Hazel
1946:Ebony
1891:Birch
1881:Beech
1876:Balsa
1866:Aspen
1861:Apple
1841:Alder
1798:Kauri
1793:Larch
1755:Cedar
1738:Woods
1713:Treen
1389:Mulch
1199:Pitch
1121:Rayon
1101:Paper
919:Truss
859:Plate
854:Plank
819:Joist
804:Cruck
645:(PDF)
638:(PDF)
576:JSTOR
545:JSTOR
343:scale
311:Resin
300:resin
264:alder
260:beech
256:birch
220:vinyl
215:paint
164:resin
101:JSTOR
87:books
2845:Ogee
2830:Bead
2772:Knee
2742:Dado
2722:Butt
2462:Saws
2374:Vise
2311:Rasp
2236:Adze
2117:Teak
2072:Plum
2067:Pear
1828:Hard
1808:Rimu
1803:Pine
1747:Soft
1547:Wood
1164:Dyes
1147:nano
1111:Pulp
936:wood
904:Stud
899:Sill
864:Post
824:Lath
789:Beam
671:2019
601:ISBN
270:and
268:pine
206:and
73:news
2971:Wax
2941:Oil
2777:Lap
2712:Box
2480:Bow
2352:Try
2231:Axe
2185:OSB
2180:MDF
2057:Oak
1986:IpĂŞ
1951:Elm
1856:Ash
1818:Yew
1783:Fir
1179:Lye
991:MDF
959:LVL
799:CLS
537:doi
443:WHO
335:wax
150:or
56:by
3179::
2350:,
2346:,
2342:,
2338:,
2037:,
1763:,
662:.
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570:.
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533:33
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405:,
266:,
262:,
258:,
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