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involvement of Vince Foster and Harry
Thomason. "Foster regularly informed me that the First Lady was concerned and desired action. The action desired was the firing of the Travel Office staff." Written in fall 1993, apparently intended for McLarty, the Watkins memo also said "we both know that there would be hell to pay" if "we failed to take swift and decisive action in conformity with the First Lady's wishes." This memo contradicted the First Lady's previous statements in the GAO investigation, that she had played no role in the firings and had not consulted with Thomason beforehand. The White House also found it difficult to explain why the memo was so late in surfacing when all the previous investigations had requested all relevant materials. House committee chair Clinger charged a
421:, who called for an independent investigation. As Chief of Staff McLarty personally apologized to the fired Travel Office employees—some of whom had all their personal documents and travel photographs related to years of service thrown out during the firing process—and said they would be given other jobs (which five of them were; Dale and his assistant director retired.) The White House report also contained the initial indications of the First Lady's involvement in the firings, saying that she had taken an interest in the Travel Office's alleged mismanagement and had been informed two days in advance that the firings would take place. There was no indication of involvement from President Clinton himself, although he had earlier taken broad public responsibility for what had happened.
593:
796:
saying that the First Lady had told
Watkins to "fire the sons of bitches." Ray cited eight separate conversations between the First Lady and senior staff and concluded: "Mrs. Clinton’s input into the process was significant, if not the significant factor influencing the pace of events in the Travel Office firings and the ultimate decision to fire the employees." Moreover, Ray determined Hillary Clinton had given "factually false" testimony when questioned by the GAO, the Independent Counsel, and Congress about the travel office firings, but reiterated that "the evidence was insufficient to prove beyond a reasonable doubt" that she knew her statements were false or understood that they may have prompted the firings.
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office affair, more than any other investigation. The report's chapter titles were lurid: "The White House
Stonewalled All Investigations into the White House Travel Office Firings and Related Matters", "The White House Initiated a Full-Scale Campaign of Misinformation in the Aftermath of the Travel Office Firings and President Clinton Led the Misinformation Campaign from the First Days of the Travelgate Debacle", "Foster's Death Shattered a White House Just Recovering from an Abysmal First 6 Months of Administration", and so forth. Democratic members of the Committee walked out in protest over the report, with ranking member
2720:
554:, charged with wrongfully depositing into his own bank account $ 68,000 in checks from media organizations traveling with the president during the period between 1988 and 1991. He faced up to 20 years in prison if convicted. Dale's attorneys conceded that funds had been co-mingled, but stated that Dale had not stolen anything but rather used the monies for the substantial tips and off-the-book payments that the job required, especially in foreign countries, and that anything left over was used as a discount against future trips.
688:, which had begun the previous year, issued its findings in a majority report on June 18, 1996; it did not investigate Travelgate directly, but did say that " Clinton, upon learning of Foster's death, at least realized its connection to Travelgate scandal, and perhaps to the Whitewater matter, and dispatched her trusted lieutenants to contain any potential embarrassment or political damage." Minority Democratic members of the Committee derided these findings as "a legislative travesty," "a witch hunt," and "a political game."
327:, a friend of both Clintons, and his business partner, Darnell Martens, were looking to get their air charter company, TRM, the White House business in place of Airline of the Americas. The Clinton campaign had been TRM's sole client during 1992, collecting commissions from booking charter flights for the campaign. Martens wanted the White House to award TRM a $ 500,000 contract for an aircraft audit, while also seeking Travel Office charter business as an intermediary which did not own any planes.
432:. In his torn-up resignation note from a few days before, he wrote "No one in The White House, to my knowledge, violated any law or standard of conduct, including any action in the Travel Office. There was no intent to benefit any individual or specific group. The press is covering up the illegal benefits they received from the travel staff". (In the last part, Foster may have been referring to lax customs treatment by the Travel Office of goods brought back from foreign trips by reporters.)
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potential business interests involved, had possibly influenced the decision. Moreover, the GAO report indicated that the First Lady played a larger role than previously thought before the firings, with
Watkins saying she had urged "that action be taken to get 'our people' into the travel office." The First Lady, who had given a written statement to the inquiry, said she did "not recall this conversation with the same level of detail as Mr. Watkins."
718:
292:
875:'Travelgate'... was perhaps worthy of a two- or three-week life span; instead, in a partisan political climate, it became the first manifestation of an obsession for investigation that persisted into the next millennium." Many in the Clinton inner circle would always believe that political motivations had been behind the investigation, including an attempt to derail Hillary Clinton's role in the
627:, who had endorsed Bill Clinton in the previous election, wrote that many Americans were coming to the "sad realization that our First Lady—a woman of undoubted talents who was a role model for many in her generation—is a congenital liar" who "has never been called to account for lying herself or in suborning lying in her aides and friends," followed by White House Press Secretary
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contrary to her statements, "ultimately influenced" the decision to fire the employees. However, "the evidence was insufficient to prove to a jury beyond a reasonable doubt that any of Mrs. Clinton's statements and testimony regarding her involvement in the travel office firings were knowingly false," and thus prosecution was declined. White House press secretary
803:, Hillary Clinton's lawyer, said that Ray's words were "highly unfair and misleading" and that Ray's conclusions were inconsistent, that evidence regarding her innocence had been buried in the document, and that the report confirmed that her fears about financial improprieties in the Travel Office were warranted. On the other hand,
417:
allowing friends of the
Clintons to become involved in a matter with which they had a business stake. It said that the employees should instead have been placed on administrative leave. However, the White House said no illegal actions had occurred, and no officials would be terminated; this did not satisfy Senate Minority Leader
334:(FBI), since on May 12, 1993, a week before the firings, associate White House counsel William Kennedy had requested that the FBI look into possible improprieties in the Travel Office operation. FBI agents went there and, although initially reluctant, authorized a preliminary investigation. Deputy White House Counsel
471:, Foster, and indirectly the travel office matter. On July 22, 1995, Hillary Clinton gave a deposition under oath to the Independent Counsel that touched on travel office questions; she denied having had a role in the firings, but was unable to recall many specifics of conversations with Foster and Watkins.
575:
testified as character witnesses on Dale's behalf. Much of the trial focused on the details of the movement of Travel Office funds into Dale's personal account, and not on the political overtones of the case. The jury acquitted Dale of both charges on
November 16, 1995, following less than two hours
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The
Congressional investigation continued; on March 21, 1996, Hillary Clinton submitted a deposition under oath to the House Government Reform and Oversight Committee, again acknowledging concern about irregularities in the Travel Office but denying a direct role in the firings and expressing a lack
416:
termed "strikingly self-critical". Co-written by Chief of Staff McLarty, it criticized five White House officials, included McLarty himself, Watkins, Kennedy, Cornelius, and another, for dismissing the Travel Office members improperly, for appearing to pressure the FBI into its involvement, and for
838:
became an important
Supreme Court decision. The length, expense, and results of the Travelgate and the other investigations grouped under the Whitewater umbrella turned much of the public against the Independent Counsel mechanism. As such, the Independent Counsel law expired in 1999, with critics
696:
calling it "an embarrassment to you , this committee and this
Congress" and "a crassly partisan smear campaign against President Clinton, Mrs. Clinton and this administration." The following month Clinger forwarded the report, along with one on Filegate, to the Independent Counsel, suggesting that
691:
The House
Government Reform and Oversight Committee issued its majority report on September 18, 1996, in which it accused the Clinton administration of having obstructed the committee's efforts to investigate the Travelgate scandal. It portrayed Bill Clinton as being heavily involved in the travel
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became worried about the firings about to take place and ordered the KPMG Peat Marwick review, asking the FBI to hold off in the meantime. The accounting review started on May 14 and the report was given to the White House on May 17. KPMG was unable to do an actual audit, because there were so few
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Ray's full 243-page report was unsealed and made public on October 18, 2000, three weeks before the Senatorial election. It confirmed that neither Hillary Clinton nor David Watkins would be indicted. It included some new detail, including a somewhat unsubstantiated claim from a friend of Watkins
352:
The travel office affair quickly became the first major ethics controversy of the Clinton presidency and an embarrassment for the new administration. Criticism from political opponents and especially the news media became intense; the White House was later described as having been "paralyzed for a
283:
thus decided to fire the Travel Office staff and reorganize it. The actual terminations were done on May 19, 1993, by White House director of administration David Watkins. There was also a feeling among the White House and its supporters that the Travel Office had never been investigated by the
763:
over charges related to the Lewinsky scandal. Here, for the first time, Starr exonerated President Clinton of complicity in the travel office affair, saying that while investigations were not complete, "the president was not involved in our... investigation." (Starr also chose this occasion to
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On June 23, 2000, the suspense ended when Ray submitted the final Independent Counsel report on the travel office affair under seal to the judicial panel in charge of the investigation and publicly announced that he would seek no criminal charges against Hillary Clinton. Ray said that she had,
387:
Meanwhile, the FBI investigation of the Travel Office practices themselves continued, soon focusing on Travel Office Director Billy Dale. who was charged with embezzlement but found not guilty in 1995. During the summer of 1993, the other staffers of the office were informed that they were no
1356:"Final Report of the Independent Counsel ... of Matters Related to the White House Travel office" – Business Entities and Campaign Staff that Provided Travel Services to the Clinton-Gore Campaign and the Press Covering the Campaign Wanted to Provide Travel Services to the Clinton Administration
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expand his inquiry to specifically include the travel office affair, in particular allegations that White House employees had lied about Hillary Clinton's role in the firings, and that David Watkins or Hillary Clinton had made false statements in previous testimony to the GAO, Congress, or the
584:
On January 5, 1996, a new development thrust the travel office matter again to the forefront. A two-year-old memo from White House director of administration David Watkins surfaced that identified First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton as the motivating force behind the firings, with the additional
444:
investigate the firings; on May 2, 1994, the GAO concluded that the White House did have legal authority to terminate the Travel Office employees without cause, because they served at the pleasure of the president. However, it also concluded that Cornelius, Thomason, and Martens, who all had
672:
On June 5, 1996, Clinger announced that the committee's investigations had discovered that the White House had requested access to Billy Dale's FBI background check report seven months after the terminations, in what Clinger said was an improper effort to justify the firings. It was rapidly
533:
would claim that the magazine's early Travelgate stories provided useful material to the congressional investigations. In general, Clinton administration controversies such as Travelgate allowed opinion magazines and political debate television shows to attract subscribers and viewers.
187:
issued his final report on Travelgate. He sought no charges against her, saying that while some of Clinton's statements were factually false, there was insufficient evidence that these statements were either knowingly false or that she understood that her statements led to the firings.
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that audits are based upon. One KPMG representative later described the office as "an ungodly mess in terms of records" with ten years of material piled up in a closet. When the review came back with its reports of irregularities, Watkins went ahead with the terminations on May 19.
134:. It began in May 1993, when seven employees of the White House Travel Office were fired. This action was unusual because executive-branch employees typically remain in their posts for many years (even though they can be terminated by, and serve at the pleasure of, the President).
480:
397:
1383:"Final Report of the Independent Counsel ... of Matters Related to the White House Travel office" – Martens Complained to Thomason About His Rejection by the Travel Office, Which Ultimately Was Communicated to the President, First Lady, and Other Senior White House Staff
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Almost two years passed. Independent Counsel Starr continued his investigation. Starr wanted access to notes that Vince Foster's attorney took in a conversation with Foster about the travel office affair shortly before Foster's suicide, but on June 25, 1998, the
228:, and had seven employees with a yearly budget of $ 7 million. Staffers serve at the pleasure of the president; however, in practice, the staffers were career employees who in some cases had worked in the Travel Office since the 1960s and 1970s, through both
525:, which had a well-established animus towards the First Couple, focused on the Travelgate story as one of many Clinton-related matters it thought scandalous, describing it as "a story about influence-peddling and sleazy deal-making... in the Clinton White House".
511:, launched an investigation into the White House Travel Office firings. In October 1995, the committee began hearings on the matter; Clinger soon accused the White House of withholding pertinent documents and sought subpoenas to compel witnesses to appear.
842:
Opinions would differ over the legacy of the affair. Some agreed with Safire, who had said that Hillary Clinton was "a vindictive power player who used the FBI to ruin the lives of people standing in the way of juicy patronage." Conservative commentator
764:
clear President Clinton in the Filegate matter, and to say he had not committed impeachable wrongdoing in the Whitewater matter; Democrats on the committee immediately criticized Starr for withholding all these findings until after the
149:
to take over the travel business and that the involvement of the FBI was unwarranted. Heavy media attention forced the White House to reinstate most of the employees in other jobs and remove the Clinton associates from the travel role.
791:
was critical of Ray's statement: "By inappropriately characterizing the results of a legally sealed report through innuendo, the Office of Independent Counsel has further politicized an investigation that has dragged on far too long."
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led an unsuccessful attempt to block this measure. In May 1996, the seven filed a $ 35 million lawsuit against Harry Thomason and Darnell Martens, alleging unlawful interference with their employment and emotional distress.
653:
of recollection to a number of questions. A battle of wills took place between the legislative and executive branches. On May 9, 1996, President Clinton refused to turn over additional documents related to the matter, claiming
2670:
783:, Clinton's then-opponent in the Senate race. Regardless, Ray vowed his investigation would have "no untoward effect on the political process." Ray was determined to wrap up the case before the end of Bill Clinton's term.
267:
According to the White House, the incoming Clinton administration had heard rumors of irregularities in the Travel Office and possible kickbacks to an office employee from a charter air company. They looked at a review by
870:
Bill Clinton later described the allegations and investigation as "a fraud", while in her 2003 autobiography Hillary Clinton gave short shrift to the matter, never mentioning Billy Dale by name and saying that
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discovered that the White House had additionally gotten improper access to hundreds of other FBI background reports, many on former White House employees in Republican administrations; thus was born the
3125:
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columnist Safire updated his description of Hillary Clinton to "habitual prevaricator", saying "the evidence that she has been lying all along is damning" and comparing her dark side to that of
664:
Meanwhile, the seven dismissed employees were back in the picture. In March 1996 the House voted 350–43 to reimburse them for all of their legal expenses; in September 1996, Democratic Senator
183:
Hillary Clinton gradually came under scrutiny for allegedly having played a central role in the firings and making false statements about her involvement therein. In 2000, Independent Counsel
284:
media due to its close relationship with press corps members and the plush accommodations it afforded them and favors it did for them. (Congress would later discover that in October 1988, a
247:, and had started in the Travel Office in 1961. To handle the frequent last-minute arrangements of presidential travel and the specialized requirements of the press, Dale did not conduct
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1606:"Final Report of the Independent Counsel ... of Matters Related to the White House Travel office" – Mrs. Clinton's Statements Regarding Her Involvement in the Travel Office Firings
500:
488:
162:
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On May 28, 1993, the FBI issued a report saying it had done nothing wrong in its contacts with the White House. (This conclusion was reiterated by a March 1994 report by the
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879:. But associate White House counsel William Kennedy would also later reflect that some of it was just "pure palpable hatred of the Clintons. It started and it never quit."
1995:
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The White House Travel Office, known officially as either the White House Travel and Telegraph Office or the White House Telegraph and Travel Office, dates back to the
256:
137:
The White House stated the firings were done because financial improprieties in the Travel Office operation during previous administrations had been revealed by an
2606:
2426:
851:, in reference to Clinton's Travelgate phrase. However, these had little effect on Hillary Clinton's career, as she won the 2000 election to the Senate, won
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661:
resolution against the president, and the White House partially backed down on May 30, surrendering 1,000 of the 3,000 documents the committee asked for.
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361:. Within three days of the firings, World Wide Travel voluntarily withdrew from the White House travel operation and were replaced on a temporary basis by
634:
As a result of the discovery of the Watkins memo, and based upon a suggestion from the Office of Independent Counsel, on March 20, 1996, Attorney General
3369:
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search conducted July 24, 2011, for the years 1993–2010 found about 10,000 hits for "White House" "travel office" and about 6,000 hits for "Travelgate".
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had endorsed Bill Clinton in 1992, but by 1996 he was the First Lady's most infamous critic and his nose a metaphorical target for the President's ire.
1993:"Final Report of the Independent Counsel... of Matters Related to the White House Travel office" – The Jurisdictional Grant to the Independent Counsel
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saying that "the President, if he were not the President, would have delivered a more forceful response to that—on the bridge of Mr. Safire's nose."
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tangentially investigated travel office events during the first half of 1994, as part of investigating the circumstances surrounding Foster's death.
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224:, with costs billed to the participating news organizations. By the time of the start of the Clinton administration, it was quartered in the
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within the Travel Office had alleged financial improprieties; the Reagan White House counsel looked into the claim but took no action.)
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319:-based World Wide Travel, a company with a substantial reputation in the industry but with several ties to the Clintons. In addition,
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Catherine Cornelius, had sought the firings in order to get the business for themselves. Dale and his staff had been replaced with
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2003:
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1992:
2348:"Final Report of the Independent Counsel... of Matters Related to the White House Travel office" – The Events of April–May 1993.
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1429:"Final Report of the Independent Counsel... of Matters Related to the White House Travel office" – The Events of April–May 1993
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Starr explicitly did not exonerate Hillary Clinton, however; her case remained unsettled. More time passed. By 2000, she was
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which discovered that Dale kept an off-book ledger, had $ 18,000 of unaccounted-for checks, and kept chaotic office records.
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Meanwhile, as a consequence of the FBI investigation, former Travel Office Director Billy Dale was indicted by a federal
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1953:
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Travel Services. (Later, after a competitive bid, American Express received the permanent role to book press charters.)
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969:"Final Report of the Independent Counsel ... of Matters Related to the White House Travel office" – Introduction
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815:, her Republican opponent in the Senate election, said "We believe that character counts in public service."
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2321:"Final Report of the Independent Counsel... of Matters Related to the White House Travel office" – Findings
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investigation. Critics contended the firings were done to allow friends and campaign donors of President
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Travel Office Director Billy Ray Dale had held that position since 1982, serving through most of the
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Republicans and other critics saw the events differently. They alleged that friends of President
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House Report 104-849 – Investigation of the White House Travel Office Firings and Related Matters
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House Report 104-849 – Investigation of the White House Travel Office Firings and Related Matters
1988:
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811:, said the report "once again makes us question" the believability of Clinton, and Congressman
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exonerated President Clinton with respect to Travelgate, but not the First Lady, in late 1998.
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The travel office controversy was subsequently judged to have been a factor in Vince Foster's
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all took place over the subsequent years. Travel Office Director Billy Dale was charged with
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2546:"Final Report of the Independent Counsel of Matters Related to the White House Travel office"
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On July 2, 1993, the White House issued its own 80-page report on the firings, one that the
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saying it cost too much with too few results; even Kenneth Starr favored the law's demise.
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extends beyond the grave. In September 1998 Independent Counsel Starr released the famous
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records in the Travel Office that could be audited and because the office did not use the
8:
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1975:
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748:, concerning offenses that may have been committed by President Clinton as part of the
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strong contender for the Democratic Party nomination in the 2008 presidential election
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These developments, following Hillary Clinton's prior disputed statements about her
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705:. Democrats said this was politically motivated in an attempt to influence the
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At the 13-day trial in October and November 1995, prominent journalists such as
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Starting in May 1993, Travelgate was the first major ethics controversy of the
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2376:"Ray: First lady's answers false in travel office probe, but no prosecution"
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2145:"Republican Report Stokes the Partisan Fires : Whitewater Unchained"
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2463:"Will D.C. Circuit Nominee's Conservative Credentials Be His Undoing?"
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1842:"104-484 Reimbursement of Former White House Travel Office Employees"
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The Clinton Crack-Up: The Boy President's Life After the White House
775:, and Starr had been replaced as Independent Counsel by prosecutor
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586:
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which switched Congress from Democratic to Republican control, the
418:
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Historical Encyclopedia of U.S. Independent Counsel Investigations
2129:
Historical Encyclopedia of U.S. Independent Counsel Investigations
1115:
Historical Encyclopedia of U.S. Independent Counsel Investigations
519:
Not all investigations were by governmental bodies. The magazine
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2019:
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2430:(Rochester, Indiana), October 19, 2000. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
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administration and serves to handle travel arrangements for the
1759:"Why We Couldn't Get Enough: Clinton's Legacy of Entertainment"
1629:"Clinton and Hollywood Producer Met on Contract, a Memo Shows"
1579:"Note Left by White House Aide: Accusation, Anger and Despair"
826:
Regardless, after 7½ years, Travelgate was finally over.
479:
396:
200:
The White House Travel Office was responsible for getting the
697:
the testimony of several witnesses be looked at for possible
2548:. Department of Justice, Independent Counsel. Archived from
2400:" New Criticism of First Lady In Final Travel Office Report"
2016:"Clinton Invokes Executive Privilege In Travel Office Probe"
1887:"Memo Places Hillary Clinton At Core of Travel Office Case"
1028:"For White House Travel Office, a Two-Year Trip of Trouble"
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but found not guilty in 1995. In 1998, Independent Counsel
64:
Fired White House travel office director acquitted at trial
2197:"High Court Upholds Attorney-Client Privilege After Death"
1645:"Clintons' Friend Threatened With Subpoena in Travel Case"
1494:"Travel Outfit Tied to Clinton Halts Work for White House"
1475:"First Lady Urged Dismissals At Travel Office, Study Says"
849:
Hell to Pay: The Unfolding Story of Hillary Rodham Clinton
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exonerated Bill Clinton of any involvement in the matter.
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1957:
1053:"Amid Partisan Sniping, Committee OK's Travelgate Report"
138:
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UN Special Representative on Sexual Violence in Conflict
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op-ed page, October 23, 2000. Retrieved March 23, 2008.
1971:"White House Says President Would Like to Punch Safire"
1818:"Former Director of White House Travel Office Indicted"
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2310:
2308:
1802:"A history of indictments involving White House staff"
1420:
1418:
2110:"White House Obtained FBI Data on Fired Travel Chief"
1597:
1595:
1593:
865:
ran for president again in 2016, becoming the nominee
847:
would entitle her highly unflattering 1999 book
96:
White House director of administration David Watkins
2305:
2263:
class notes, March 8, 2000. Retrieved July 1, 2007.
2032:"White House Surrenders Documents, Avoids Contempt"
1415:
960:
958:
773:
a candidate for United States Senator from New York
589:was taking place and vowed to pursue new material.
406:
took some of the early heat for Travelgate in 1993.
67:
President Clinton exonerated by Independent Counsel
2257:"Robert Ray '82 picks up where Ken Starr left off"
2236:"Democrats Challenge Starr on Delayed Exoneration"
1590:
956:
954:
952:
950:
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
440:In July 1993, Congress requested the non-partisan
2337:
1527:"White House Rebukes 4 In Travel Office Shake-Up"
755:On November 19, 1998, Starr testified before the
617:, led to a famous exchange in which high-profile
37:Originating events 1993; investigations 1993–2000
3351:
1982:
752:. It did not mention the travel office matter.
191:
130:, was the first major ethics controversy of the
16:Ethics controversy of the Clinton administration
2064:"Reid Leaks Documents, Slams Travelgate Figure"
1871:, November 2, 1995. Retrieved January 10, 2009.
1347:
1345:
1297:The Death of American Virtue: Clinton vs. Starr
935:
712:
501:House Government Reform and Oversight Committee
489:House Government Reform and Oversight Committee
330:Attention initially focused on the role of the
163:House Government Reform and Oversight Committee
2418:"Ray: Hillary testimony was 'factually false'"
2163:" Excerpts From Majority Report on Whitewater"
1319:
1317:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1059:, September 18, 1996. Retrieved June 16, 2007.
657:. House committee chair Clinger threatened a
262:
2607:11th Chancellor of Queen's University Belfast
2579:
2474:
2244:, November 20, 1998. Retrieved June 12, 2007.
2222:, November 19, 1998. Retrieved June 12, 2007.
2089:" Ex-Staff of White House Travel Office Sues"
2079:, September 22, 1996. Retrieved July 1, 2007.
1954:"Criticism continues against Hillary Clinton"
1944:, January 8, 1996. Retrieved August 20, 2008.
1832:
1830:
1808:, November 26, 2005. Retrieved June 19, 2007.
1727:, June 26, 1994. Retrieved February 15, 2008.
1651:, December 4, 1995. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
1635:, October 25, 1995. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
1253:
1251:
1249:
1239:, March/April 1996. Retrieved June 17, 2007.
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1036:, February 27, 1995. Retrieved June 17, 2007.
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
903:special report, 2000. Retrieved June 5, 2007.
491:investigated Travelgate during 1994 and 1995.
391:
2849:Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families
2676:Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review
2494:"Independent counsel law fades into history"
2433:
2408:, October 18, 2000. Retrieved June 30, 2007.
2389:, October 18, 2000. Retrieved June 16, 2007.
2371:
2369:
2367:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2252:
2250:
2139:
2137:
1979:, January 11, 1996. Retrieved June 19, 2007.
1960:, January 14, 1996. Retrieved June 19, 2007.
1903:
1901:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1753:
1751:
1719:" From Right, a Rain of Anti-Clinton Salvos"
1677:, April 7, 1998. Retrieved February 1, 2008.
1570:
1568:
1562:, January 10, 1996. Retrieved June 19, 2007.
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1372:
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1109:
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1095:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
799:Immediate reactions to the report differed.
303:'s actions coming under increasing scrutiny.
113:Testifying falsely about White House firings
2294:"The First Lady Is Chided, but Not Charged"
2054:, March 20, 1996. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
1925:, January 5, 1996. Retrieved June 19, 2007.
1895:, January 5, 1996. Retrieved June 30, 2007.
1863:"Travel Office Trial Enlivened By Outburst"
1587:, August 11, 1993. Retrieved April 4, 2009.
1314:
1215:
1153:, May 20, 1993. Retrieved January 10, 2009.
1139:
1137:
1135:
1067:
1065:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
823:, in whose White House he had once worked.
70:First Lady Clinton and Watkins not indicted
3370:Presidential scandals in the United States
2681:Foreign policy of the Obama administration
2586:
2572:
2206:
2098:
1827:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1246:
1156:
153:Further investigations by the FBI and the
2803:State Children's Health Insurance Program
2531:– GAO Report GAO/GGD-94-132. May 2, 1994.
2516:, June 24, 2004. Retrieved June 16, 2007.
2503:
2487:
2471:, March 7, 2006. Retrieved April 4, 2009.
2392:
2364:
2279:
2247:
2225:
2190:
2171:, June 16, 1996. Retrieved June 30, 2007.
2156:
2153:, June 19, 1996. Retrieved June 30, 2007.
2134:
2025:
2009:
1963:
1947:
1898:
1874:
1811:
1795:
1748:
1739:, "Confessions of a Right-Wing Hit Man",
1565:
1538:
1505:
1502:, May 22, 1993. Retrieved March 23, 2008.
1486:
1462:
1092:
985:
514:
110:Improper direction of government business
2920:"Women's Rights Are Human Rights" (1995)
2500:, June 26, 1999. Accessed July 31, 2007.
2359:United States Government Printing Office
2332:United States Government Printing Office
2302:, June 23, 2000. Retrieved July 1, 2007.
2214:"Clinton 'Thwarted' Probe, Starr to Say"
2203:, June 25, 1998. Retrieved July 2, 2007.
2118:, June 6, 1996. Retrieved June 16, 2007.
2082:
2041:
2038:, May 30, 1996. Retrieved June 17, 2007.
2004:United States Government Printing Office
1708:, May 1995. Retrieved February 15, 2008.
1638:
1622:
1617:United States Government Printing Office
1535:, July 3, 1993. Retrieved June 30, 2007.
1441:United States Government Printing Office
1406:"White House – Travel Office Operations"
1394:United States Government Printing Office
1367:United States Government Printing Office
1339:, May/June 1996. Retrieved July 1, 2007.
1270:, May 31, 1993. Retrieved June 28, 2007.
1179:, June 7, 1993. Retrieved June 16, 2007.
1132:
1089:, June 6, 1996. Retrieved June 16, 2007.
1062:
1039:
980:United States Government Printing Office
926:"White House – Travel Office Operations"
716:
591:
580:A memo surfaces regarding the First Lady
478:
475:Oversight Committee investigation begins
449:Independent Counsel investigation begins
395:
290:
195:
3375:1993 controversies in the United States
2174:
2095:, May 18, 1996. Retrieved July 1, 2007.
2022:, May 9, 1996. Retrieved June 17, 2007.
1779:
1680:
1483:, May 3, 1994. Retrieved June 30, 2007.
1273:
538:Prosecution and acquittal of Billy Dale
251:for travel services, but relied upon a
21:For the South African controversy, see
3352:
2529:White House – Travel Office Operations
2510:"Clinton 'Proud' of Impeachment Fight"
2185:United States House of Representatives
1838:United States House of Representatives
546:on December 7, 1994, on two counts of
467:took over from Fiske in investigating
388:longer a target of the investigation.
2567:
2057:
1446:
1369:, October 18, 2000. pp. 44–48, 61–65.
1187:
1185:
888:
836:Swidler & Berlin v. United States
737:Swidler & Berlin v. United States
382:Office of Professional Responsibility
353:week". The effect was intensified by
204:into place, including landing before
124:White House travel office controversy
29:White House travel office controversy
3365:Clinton administration controversies
1145:"White House Ousts Its Travel Staff"
3050:2006 US Senate election in New York
3045:2000 US Senate election in New York
2740:Family Entertainment Protection Act
2696:UN Security Council Resolution 1888
2593:
2540:
809:New York Republican State Committee
686:Senate Special Whitewater Committee
368:Various investigations took place.
323:producer and Inauguration chairman
13:
1182:
14:
3391:
2844:Tenures as First Lady of Arkansas
2522:
2048:" House Votes To Repay 7 Workers"
766:1998 Congressional elections
347:
245:George H. W. Bush administrations
2968:An Invitation to the White House
2718:
2711:
2618:United States Secretary of State
1824:press release, December 7, 1994.
1324:Letters – Travel Office Travails
930:Government Accountability Office
2638:First Lady of the United States
2455:
2411:
2266:
2121:
1928:
1855:
1730:
1711:
1654:
1399:
707:1996 presidential election
341:double-entry bookkeeping system
332:Federal Bureau of Investigation
45:Washington, D.C., United States
2925:"Basket of deplorables" (2016)
2839:Career in corporate governance
2818:White House Millennium Council
2808:Adoption and Safe Families Act
2361:, October 18, 2000. pp. 70–73.
1770:Undergraduate Research Journal
1396:, October 18, 2000. pp. 66–69.
1231:"Travelgate: The Untold Story"
919:
906:
157:, the White House itself, the
1:
3380:Hillary Clinton controversies
3095:2016 US presidential election
1774:Indiana University South Bend
882:
435:
226:Old Executive Office Building
192:The White House Travel Office
2890:State Department controversy
2813:Foster Care Independence Act
2274:The Death of American Virtue
2150:International Herald-Tribune
877:1993 health care reform plan
863:from 2009 to 2013, and then
713:Independent Counsel findings
497:1994 Congressional elections
495:In late 1994, following the
7:
3121:screen and stage performers
2745:Flag Protection Act of 2005
1243:. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
928:GAO Report GAO/GGD-94-132,
761:impeachment of Bill Clinton
734:ruled 6–3 against Starr in
263:Initial White House actions
126:, sometimes referred to as
10:
3396:
2869:Cattle futures controversy
2859:Legal Services Corporation
2787:Vast right-wing conspiracy
2709:
2212:Ruth Marcus, Peter Baker,
1822:U.S. Department of Justice
1705:American Journalism Review
1459:. Retrieved June 30, 2007.
1443:, October 18, 2000. p. 47.
1336:Columbia Journalism Review
1236:Columbia Journalism Review
401:White House Chief of Staff
392:Clinton White House report
274:White House Chief of Staff
20:
3360:1993 in American politics
3323:
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3210:
3179:
3093:
3058:
3037:
3026:
2933:
2905:
2877:
2826:
2776:Travel office controversy
2753:
2727:
2656:
2601:
2537:Filed September 26, 1996.
1662:"The man behind the mask"
1410:General Accounting Office
829:
757:House Judiciary Committee
742:attorney–client privilege
442:General Accounting Office
159:General Accounting Office
103:
77:
57:
49:
41:
33:
23:Travelgate (South Africa)
3202:Clinton National Airport
3162:General election debates
2798:Save America's Treasures
834:In the legal aftermath,
3008:The Book of Gutsy Women
2766:1993 health care reform
2444:"Habitual Prevaricator"
895:"Untangling Whitewater"
861:U.S. Secretary of State
759:in connection with the
611:cattle futures dealings
483:Republican Congressman
257:Airline of the Americas
222:White House press corps
202:White House press corps
3145:running mate selection
3062:presidential primaries
2960:Dear Socks, Dear Buddy
2864:Whitewater controversy
2648:(1979–1981, 1983–1992)
2646:First Lady of Arkansas
2427:The Rochester Sentinel
1786:R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.
1192:Hillary Rodham Clinton
779:, who once worked for
726:
703:obstruction of justice
606:
531:R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.
522:The American Spectator
515:Private investigations
492:
407:
371:
357:and the advent of the
304:
301:Hillary Rodham Clinton
297:Clinton administration
213:
147:Hillary Rodham Clinton
132:Clinton administration
92:Hillary Rodham Clinton
3339:Activities after 2016
3284:Dorothy Howell Rodham
3157:Democratic opposition
2781:FBI files controversy
2187:, September 26, 1996.
1113:Gerald S. Greenberg,
720:
649:Independent Counsel.
595:
568:The Los Angeles Times
482:
399:
355:cable television news
317:Little Rock, Arkansas
294:
199:
155:Department of Justice
3167:Hillary Victory Fund
3135:Democratic primaries
3038:Senatorial elections
2946:Senior thesis (1969)
2761:Tenure as First Lady
2261:Princeton University
1691:Alicia C. Shepard ,
1412:, May 2, 1994. p. 32
1202:Simon & Schuster
721:Independent Counsel
659:contempt of Congress
281:White House counsels
3234:Hillary and Clinton
3226:Saturday Night Live
2952:It Takes a Village
2915:Political positions
2666:Tenure as Secretary
2334:, October 18, 2000.
2219:The Washington Post
2115:The Washington Post
2006:, October 18, 2000.
1868:The Washington Post
1693:"Spectator's Sport"
1619:, October 18, 2000.
1033:The Washington Post
982:, October 18, 2000.
914:Google News Archive
900:The Washington Post
853:re-election in 2006
655:executive privilege
643:Independent Counsel
552:criminal conversion
462:Independent Counsel
453:Special prosecutor
428:and July 20, 1993,
249:competitive bidding
210:photo opportunities
170:Independent Counsel
30:
3244:(2020 documentary)
2885:Clinton Foundation
2449:The New York Times
2405:The New York Times
2381:2005-10-30 at the
2353:2007-09-26 at the
2326:2007-06-28 at the
2299:The New York Times
2241:The New York Times
2232:Don Van Natta, Jr.
2168:The New York Times
2069:2007-09-27 at the
1998:2007-09-26 at the
1976:The New York Times
1941:The New York Times
1936:"Blizzard of Lies"
1917:2013-07-15 at the
1892:The New York Times
1840:(March 18, 1996).
1772:, Volume 5, 2002,
1764:2007-09-30 at the
1724:The New York Times
1698:2006-05-10 at the
1667:2004-04-04 at the
1611:2007-09-26 at the
1584:The New York Times
1554:2012-11-10 at the
1532:The New York Times
1499:The New York Times
1492:Richard L. Berke,
1480:The New York Times
1435:2007-09-26 at the
1388:2008-05-28 at the
1361:2008-05-28 at the
1329:2007-10-06 at the
1303:(New York), 2010.
1169:George J. Church,
1150:The New York Times
1143:Richard L. Berke,
1081:2013-04-03 at the
974:2007-06-28 at the
732:U.S. Supreme Court
727:
607:
576:of deliberations.
493:
408:
378:Justice Department
359:24-hour news cycle
305:
299:, with First Lady
214:
28:
3347:
3346:
3335:(2011 photograph)
3187:Awards and honors
3175:
3174:
3126:other celebrities
2992:Stronger Together
2691:Email controversy
1473:Stephen Labaton,
1457:The History Place
1309:978-0-307-40944-7
859:, then served as
270:KPMG Peat Marwick
236:administrations.
212:such as this one.
120:
119:
3387:
3035:
3034:
2722:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2686:Hillary Doctrine
2649:
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2422:Associated Press
2415:
2409:
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2160:
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2141:
2132:
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2119:
2102:
2096:
2093:Associated Press
2086:
2080:
2061:
2055:
2052:Associated Press
2045:
2039:
2029:
2023:
2013:
2007:
1986:
1980:
1967:
1961:
1951:
1945:
1934:William Safire,
1932:
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1908:Online News Hour
1905:
1896:
1885:David Johnston,
1883:
1872:
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1815:
1809:
1806:Associated Press
1799:
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1757:Carl Lestinsky,
1755:
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1689:
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1660:Karen Rothmyer,
1658:
1652:
1649:Associated Press
1642:
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1633:Associated Press
1626:
1620:
1599:
1588:
1575:R. W. Apple, Jr.
1572:
1563:
1549:"Close Scrutiny"
1545:Online News Hour
1542:
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1301:Crown Publishers
1290:
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1258:Margaret Carlson
1255:
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1224:
1213:
1189:
1180:
1167:
1154:
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1111:
1090:
1072:Online News Hour
1069:
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1037:
1024:
983:
962:
933:
923:
917:
910:
904:
892:
874:
801:David E. Kendall
750:Lewinsky scandal
460:In August 1994,
363:American Express
311:, including his
208:in order to get
31:
27:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3319:
3272:Chelsea Clinton
3248:
3211:Popular culture
3206:
3171:
3089:
3061:
3060:2008 Democratic
3054:
3029:
3022:
3016:State of Terror
2929:
2907:
2901:
2897:Onward Together
2873:
2822:
2749:
2723:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2658:
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2636:
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2597:
2595:Hillary Clinton
2592:
2555:
2553:
2525:
2520:
2508:
2504:
2492:
2488:
2479:
2475:
2461:Emma Schwartz,
2460:
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2416:
2412:
2398:Neil A. Lewis,
2397:
2393:
2383:Wayback Machine
2374:
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2355:Wayback Machine
2342:
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2328:Wayback Machine
2315:
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2292:Neil A. Lewis,
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2104:Susan Schmidt,
2103:
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2076:Electric Nevada
2071:Wayback Machine
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2014:
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2000:Wayback Machine
1987:
1983:
1969:Neil A. Lewis,
1968:
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1543:
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963:
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907:
893:
889:
885:
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832:
807:, chair of the
740:, stating that
715:
638:requested that
582:
540:
517:
509:William Clinger
477:
455:Robert B. Fiske
451:
438:
394:
374:
350:
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253:charter company
194:
145:and First Lady
116:
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3332:Situation Room
3327:
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3305:
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3278:Hugh E. Rodham
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2609:(2020–present)
2602:
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2562:
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2544:(2000-06-22).
2538:
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2523:External links
2521:
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2502:
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2484:, pp. 362-364.
2473:
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2440:William Safire
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1912:"Travel Probe"
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1717:Erik Eckholm,
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1485:
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1453:"Bill Clinton"
1445:
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1371:
1341:
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1272:
1262:"Shear Dismay"
1245:
1214:
1197:Living History
1181:
1171:"Flying Blind"
1155:
1131:
1129:. pp. 342–344.
1091:
1061:
1038:
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932:. May 2, 1994.
918:
905:
886:
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828:
817:New York Times
714:
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625:William Safire
620:New York Times
603:William Safire
598:New York Times
581:
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450:
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413:New York Times
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348:Investigations
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325:Harry Thomason
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3000:What Happened
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845:Barbara Olson
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821:Richard Nixon
818:
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781:Rudy Giuliani
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723:Kenneth Starr
719:
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677:controversy.
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646:Kenneth Starr
644:
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503:, chaired by
502:
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465:Kenneth Starr
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286:whistleblower
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235:
231:
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223:
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206:Air Force One
203:
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189:
186:
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178:Kenneth Starr
175:
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69:
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62:
60:
56:
52:
50:Also known as
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
24:
19:
3330:
3260:Bill Clinton
3241:
3233:
3225:
3219:Hillary 1984
3217:
3197:Public image
3075:Endorsements
3015:
3007:
2999:
2991:
2984:Hard Choices
2983:
2975:
2967:
2959:
2951:
2941:Bibliography
2908:and policies
2834:Legal career
2793:Vital Voices
2775:
2554:. Retrieved
2550:the original
2505:
2489:
2481:
2476:
2466:
2457:
2447:
2435:
2425:
2413:
2403:
2394:
2339:
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2166:
2158:
2148:
2128:
2123:
2113:
2100:
2084:
2074:
2059:
2043:
2027:
2011:
1984:
1974:
1965:
1949:
1939:
1930:
1890:
1866:
1857:
1845:. Retrieved
1813:
1797:
1789:
1781:
1769:
1745:, July 1997.
1740:
1732:
1722:
1713:
1703:
1672:
1656:
1640:
1624:
1582:
1540:
1530:
1497:
1488:
1478:
1448:
1401:
1374:
1334:
1311:. pp. 70–71.
1296:
1266:
1241:Archive link
1234:
1195:
1174:
1148:
1114:
1031:
921:
908:
898:
890:
869:
848:
841:
835:
833:
825:
816:
798:
794:
789:Joe Lockhart
785:
770:
754:
746:Starr Report
735:
728:
694:Henry Waxman
690:
680:The Senator
679:
671:
663:
651:
633:
629:Mike McCurry
618:
608:
596:
583:
566:
556:
548:embezzlement
541:
526:
520:
518:
505:Pennsylvania
494:
485:Bill Clinger
459:
452:
439:
423:
411:
409:
404:Mack McLarty
386:
375:
367:
351:
336:Vince Foster
329:
313:third cousin
309:Bill Clinton
306:
277:Mack McLarty
266:
238:
215:
182:
174:embezzlement
152:
143:Bill Clinton
136:
127:
123:
121:
86:Bill Clinton
18:
3316:(residence)
3296:Tony Rodham
3290:Hugh Rodham
3236:(2016 play)
3192:Books about
2771:Hillaryland
2640:(1993–2001)
2632:(2001–2009)
2620:(2009–2013)
2542:Ray, Robert
2480:Greenberg,
2468:Legal Times
2127:Greenberg,
1861:Toni Locy,
1737:David Brock
1293:Ken Gormley
1227:Joe Conason
1076:"FBI Files"
1026:Toni Locy,
855:, became a
805:Bill Powers
573:Jack Nelson
507:Republican
90:First Lady
3354:Categories
3314:Whitehaven
3274:(daughter)
3266:presidency
3150:convention
3085:Convention
2754:First Lady
2728:US senator
2626:US Senator
2556:2007-03-28
2344:Robert Ray
2317:Robert Ray
2106:Ann Devroy
1989:Robert Ray
1602:Robert Ray
1425:Robert Ray
1379:Robert Ray
1352:Robert Ray
965:Robert Ray
883:References
813:Rick Lazio
777:Robert Ray
682:Al D'Amato
666:Harry Reid
640:Whitewater
636:Janet Reno
623:columnist
615:Whitewater
601:columnist
544:grand jury
529:publisher
469:Whitewater
436:GAO report
426:depression
234:Republican
230:Democratic
185:Robert Ray
167:Whitewater
165:, and the
128:Travelgate
84:President
53:Travelgate
3298:(brother)
3292:(brother)
3111:political
3028:Electoral
2657:Secretary
2276:, p. 658.
2272:Gormley,
1212:, p. 172.
684:-chaired
527:Spectator
321:Hollywood
3286:(mother)
3280:(father)
3262:(husband
3228:parodies
3103:Campaign
3070:Campaign
2934:Writings
2906:Speeches
2827:Arkansas
2659:of State
2630:New York
2379:Archived
2351:Archived
2324:Archived
2067:Archived
1996:Archived
1915:Archived
1847:June 19,
1762:Archived
1696:Archived
1665:Archived
1609:Archived
1552:Archived
1433:Archived
1386:Archived
1359:Archived
1327:Archived
1204:, 2003,
1121:, 2000.
1079:Archived
972:Archived
675:Filegate
587:cover-up
559:ABC News
419:Bob Dole
279:and the
42:Location
3242:Hillary
3140:debates
3080:Debates
3030:history
2498:CNN.com
2387:CNN.com
2201:CNN.com
2036:CNN.com
2020:CNN.com
1792:, 2007.
1742:Esquire
1057:CNN.com
699:perjury
430:suicide
255:called
104:Charges
78:Accused
58:Outcome
3253:Family
3180:Legacy
3018:(2021)
3010:(2019)
3002:(2017)
2994:(2016)
2986:(2014)
2978:(2003)
2970:(2000)
2962:(1998)
2954:(1996)
1307:
1208:
1125:
830:Legacy
241:Reagan
161:, the
3324:Other
3310:(dog)
3308:Buddy
3304:(cat)
3302:Socks
2628:from
1674:Salon
2615:67th
1849:2007
1305:ISBN
1267:Time
1206:ISBN
1176:Time
1123:ISBN
613:and
565:and
550:and
243:and
232:and
122:The
34:Date
2514:NPR
1958:CNN
1923:PBS
1560:PBS
1087:PBS
768:.)
701:or
487:'s
384:.)
380:'s
372:FBI
139:FBI
3356::
2512:,
2496:,
2465:,
2446:,
2442:,
2424:,
2420:,
2402:,
2385:,
2366:^
2357:,
2346:,
2330:,
2319:,
2307:^
2296:,
2281:^
2259:,
2249:^
2238:,
2234:,
2216:,
2199:,
2183:,
2165:,
2147:,
2136:^
2112:,
2108:,
2091:,
2073:,
2050:,
2034:,
2018:,
2002:,
1991:,
1973:,
1956:,
1938:,
1921:,
1910:,
1900:^
1889:,
1876:^
1865:,
1829:^
1820:,
1804:,
1788:,
1768:,
1750:^
1721:,
1702:,
1682:^
1671:,
1647:,
1631:,
1615:,
1604:,
1592:^
1581:,
1577:,
1567:^
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1547:,
1529:,
1525:,
1507:^
1496:,
1477:,
1464:^
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