38:
216:
2495:
268:
364:
425:
339:
Average respiratory rates vary between ages, but the normal reference range for people age 18 to 65 is 16–20 breaths per minute. The value of respiratory rate as an indicator of potential respiratory dysfunction has been investigated but findings suggest it is of limited value. Respiratory rate is a
440:
or resting pressure. In adults, a normal blood pressure is 120/80, with 120 being the systolic and 80 being the diastolic reading. Usually, the blood pressure is read from the left arm unless there is some damage to the arm. The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure is called the
300:
arteries). The pulse is taken with the index finger and middle finger by pushing with firm yet gentle pressure at the locations described above, and counting the beats felt per 60 seconds (or per 30 seconds and multiplying by two). The pulse rate can also be measured by listening directly to the
275:
The pulse is the rate at which the heart beats while pumping blood through the arteries, recorded as beats per minute (bpm). It may also be called "heart rate". In addition to providing the heart rate, the pulse should also be evaluated for strength and obvious rhythm abnormalities. The pulse is
226:
Temperature can be measured from the mouth, rectum, axilla (armpit), ear, or skin. Oral, rectal, and axillary temperature can be measured with either a glass or electronic thermometer. Note that rectal temperature measures approximately 0.5 °C higher than oral temperature, and axillary
465:
units of pressure are used. There is no natural 'normal' value for blood pressure, but rather a range of values that on increasing are associated with increased risks. The guideline acceptable reading also takes into account other co-factors for disease. Therefore, elevated blood pressure
502:. In contrast to the traditional vital signs, these measurements are not useful for assessing acute changes in state because of the rate at which they change; however, they are useful for assessing the impact of prolonged illness or chronic health problems.
87:(life-sustaining) functions. These measurements are taken to help assess the general physical health of a person, give clues to possible diseases, and show progress toward recovery. The normal ranges for a person's vital signs vary with age, weight,
230:
While 37 °C (99 °F) is considered "normal" body temperature, there is some variance between individuals. Most have a normal body temperature set point that falls within the range of 36.0 to 37.5 °C (96.8 to 99.5 °F).
321:(6–12 months old) a heart rate of 80–140 bpm. A child aged 1–3 years old can have a heart rate of 80–130 bpm, a child aged 3–5 years old a heart rate of 80–120 bpm, an older child (age of 6–10) a heart rate of 70–110 bpm, and an
252:
It is also recommended to review the trend of the patient's temperature over time. A fever of 38 °C does not necessarily indicate an ominous sign if the patient's previous temperature has been higher.
948:
While monitoring has traditionally been done by nurses and doctors, a number of companies are developing devices that can be used by consumers themselves. These include
Cherish Health,
227:
temperature approximately 0.5 °C less than oral temperature. Aural and skin temperature measurements require special devices designed to measure temperature from these locations.
122:), often notated as BT, BP, HR, and RR. However, depending on the clinical setting, the vital signs may include other measurements called the "fifth vital sign" or "sixth vital sign."
1300:
1464:
1495:
American
College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2015). "Menstruation in girls and adolescents: using the menstrual cycle as a vital sign. Committee Opinion No. 651".
498:
In the U.S., in addition to the above four, many providers are required or encouraged by government technology-in-medicine laws to record the patient's height, weight, and
1716:
Holcomb JB, Salinas J, McManus JM, Miller CC, Cooke WH, Convertino VA (2005). "Manual vital signs reliably predict need for life-saving interventions in trauma patients".
2531:
1209:
1121:
1826:
212:), as it affects the rate of chemical reactions. Body temperature is maintained through a balance of the heat produced by the body and the heat lost from the body.
128:
have been proposed that combine the individual values of vital signs into a single score. This was done in recognition that deteriorating vital signs often precede
1800:
1522:(5). American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Adolescence, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Committee on Adolescent Health Care. 2006.
1063:
945:. These allow for continuous monitoring of a patient, with medical staff being continuously informed of the changes in the general condition of a patient.
1660:
2524:
933:. Multimodal monitors that simultaneously measure and display the relevant vital parameters are commonly integrated into the bedside monitors in
223:
Temperature can be recorded in order to establish a baseline for the individual's normal body temperature for the site and measuring conditions.
2454:
1304:
529:
1935:
1351:
Lorenz KA, Sherbourne CD, Shugarman LR, Rubenstein LV, Wen L, Cohen A, Goebel JR, Hagenmeier E, Simon B, Lanto A, Asch SM (1 May 2009).
2517:
1471:
1022:
536:
based on subjective patient reporting and may be unreliable. Some studies show that recording pain routinely may not change management.
737:
Children and infants have respiratory and heart rates that are faster than those of adults as shown in the following table :
2094:
234:
The main reason for checking body temperature is to solicit any signs of systemic infection or inflammation in the presence of a
1083:"Acute care toolkit 6: the medical patient at risk: recognition and care of the seriously ill or deteriorating medical patient"
2379:
2320:
2034:
1048:
2977:
309:. The pulse may vary due to exercise, fitness level, disease, emotions, and medications. The pulse also varies with age. A
2995:
2918:
238:. Fever is considered temperature of 37.8 °C (100.0 °F) or above. Other causes of elevated temperature include
2277:
1804:
2282:
1301:"What should I include when I record vital signs of my patients for MU? - Providers & Professionals - HealthIT.gov"
2906:
2817:
1276:
411:
393:
2990:
2461:
2939:
2799:
2481:
2449:
2565:
2190:
990:
389:
137:
1801:"Nursing care of dyspnea: the 6th vital sign in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)"
3048:
2427:
2412:
2150:
1664:
506:
487:
2402:
1082:
1038:
544:
385:
20:
242:, which results from unregulated heat generation or abnormalities in the body's heat exchange mechanisms.
2432:
470:) is variously defined when the systolic number is persistently over 140–160 mmHg. Low blood pressure is
2786:
1041:
National Early
Warning Score (NEWS): standardising the assessment of acute-illness severity in the NHS
249:) also needs to be evaluated. Hypothermia is classified as temperature below 35 °C (95 °F).
2913:
2901:
2602:
2597:
2476:
2422:
2205:
2145:
2027:
971:
1588:
1146:
2893:
2471:
2335:
2074:
1170:
1099:
475:
374:
474:. Blood pressures are also taken at other portions of the extremities. These pressures are called
2985:
2768:
2370:
378:
325:(age 11–14) a heart rate of 60–105 bpm. An adult (age 15+) can have a heart rate of 60–100 bpm.
297:
201:
1574:
Mower W, Sachs C, Nicklin E, Baraff L (1997). "Pulse oximetry as a fifth pediatric vital sign".
3043:
3022:
2957:
2407:
1876:
1583:
152:
1977:
2829:
2678:
2396:
2297:
2003:
1932:
1268:
1244:
914:
293:
47:
566:
There is no standard "sixth vital sign"; its use is more informal and discipline-dependent.
2873:
2812:
2663:
2645:
2592:
2540:
2498:
2466:
2390:
2084:
2069:
2020:
353:
509:(EMTs), in particular, are taught to measure the vital signs of respiration, pulse, skin,
461:. In the United States and UK, the common form is millimeters of mercury, while elsewhere
8:
3009:
2794:
2739:
2607:
2509:
2374:
934:
582:
133:
125:
340:
clear indicator of acidotic states, as the main function of respiration is removal of CO
2967:
2949:
2842:
2776:
2575:
2360:
2135:
2099:
1857:
1777:
1752:
1551:
1534:
1441:
1416:
938:
479:
433:
43:
1729:
3017:
2721:
2570:
2307:
2292:
2287:
2194:
2064:
2059:
1896:
1849:
1845:
1782:
1768:
1733:
1698:
1642:
1601:
1556:
1446:
1432:
1374:
1282:
1272:
1044:
454:
2004:"Normal Vital Signs: Normal Vital Signs, Normal Heart Rate, Normal Respiratory Rate"
1942:, page 6. Revised 6/10. By Theresa Kirkpatrick and Kateri Tobias. UCLA Health System
1861:
1514:"Menstruation in Girls and Adolescents: Using the Menstrual Cycle as a Vital Sign".
1494:
1334:
1245:"Normal Vital Signs: Normal Vital Signs, Normal Heart Rate, Normal Respiratory Rate"
1039:
National Early
Warning Score Development and Implementation Group (NEWSDIG) (2012).
2863:
2711:
2696:
2384:
2325:
2231:
2054:
1888:
1841:
1772:
1764:
1725:
1661:"Mining Vital Signs from Wearable Healthcare Device via Nonlinear Machine Learning"
1632:
1593:
1546:
1436:
1428:
1364:
930:
450:
334:
289:
209:
205:
182:
166:
119:
103:
37:
1685:
Vardi A, Levin I, Paret G, Barzilay, Z (2000). "The sixth vital sign: end-tidal CO
1417:"Measuring pain as the 5th vital sign does not improve quality of pain management"
528:
is considered a standard fifth vital sign in some organizations, such as the U.S.
436:
pressure, which occurs during the maximal contraction of the heart, and the lower
2868:
2729:
2560:
2552:
2544:
2246:
2241:
2200:
2166:
1939:
1369:
1352:
600:
539:
499:
281:
1892:
1393:
505:
The definition of vital signs may also vary with the setting of the assessment.
148:
There are four primary vital signs which are standard in most medical settings:
84:
2847:
2734:
2706:
2620:
2330:
2315:
2186:
966:
942:
926:
918:
548:
510:
483:
442:
285:
171:
129:
107:
51:
1210:"Vital Signs (Body Temperature, Pulse Rate, Respiration Rate, Blood Pressure)"
1122:"Vital Signs (Body Temperature, Pulse Rate, Respiration Rate, Blood Pressure)"
428:
Manual sphygmomanometer and stethoscope used to take blood pressure in clinic.
3037:
2612:
2104:
2089:
2079:
1286:
554:
446:
302:
277:
80:
1637:
1620:
2804:
2746:
2668:
2417:
2350:
2345:
2251:
2226:
2181:
1900:
1853:
1786:
1737:
1702:
1450:
1378:
961:
467:
239:
215:
140:
can assess and treat a deteriorating patient and prevent adverse outcomes.
1646:
1605:
1597:
1560:
1415:
Mularski RA, White-Chu F, Overbay D, Miller L, Asch SM, Ganzini L (2006).
2934:
2883:
2043:
471:
458:
306:
246:
190:
178:
1535:"Pulse oximetry as a fifth vital sign in emergency geriatric assessment"
1465:"The Fifth Vital Sign: Implementation of the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale"
1068:
2837:
2756:
2751:
2701:
2585:
2261:
2221:
922:
533:
513:, and blood pressure as "the 5 vital signs" in a non-hospital setting.
322:
157:
115:
55:
1004:
2673:
2630:
2256:
2140:
437:
363:
2962:
2176:
2130:
2120:
1350:
424:
193:
may be required for a clinician to take a patient's apical pulse.
2580:
2340:
2236:
2125:
1533:
Mower W, Myers G, Nicklin E, Kearin K, Baraff L, Sachs C (1998).
949:
445:. The measurement of these pressures is now usually done with an
318:
310:
1684:
521:
The "fifth vital sign" may refer to a few different parameters.
267:
2625:
2171:
1573:
1532:
314:
92:
2012:
1414:
2878:
262:
235:
186:
161:
111:
457:
sphygmomanometer, using a column of mercury measured off in
2655:
1715:
525:
2539:
571:
88:
1827:"Physical performance measures in the clinical setting"
1069:
Clinical guideline 50: Acutely ill patients in hospital
462:
219:
Oral glass thermometer showing a body temperature in °F
1825:
Studenski S, Perera S, Wallace D, et al. (2003).
1824:
1394:"Tips From Other Journals - American Family Physician"
1263:
LeBlond RF, Brown DD, Suneja M, Szot JF (2014-09-05).
1262:
1881:
Journal of the
American Medical Directors Association
1064:
National
Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence
432:
Blood pressure is recorded as two readings: a higher
317:(0–5 months old) a heart rate of 90–150 bpm, and a
917:
of vital parameters most commonly includes at least
1803:. National Guideline Clearinghouse. Archived from
1088:. Royal College of Physicians of London. May 2013.
1874:
3035:
1709:
1689:in pediatric trauma patients during transport".
1353:"How Reliable is Pain as the Fifth Vital Sign?"
79:) are a group of the four to six most crucial
66:assess the general physical health of a person
2525:
2028:
1171:"Vital Signs: How to Check My Vitals at Home"
1147:"Apical Pulse: What It Is and How to Take It"
271:An individual taking their own radial pulse.
392:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
189:. Although a pulse can be taken by hand, a
2532:
2518:
2035:
2021:
1324:Emergency Care, 11th edition, pp. 226–244.
313:can have a heart rate of 100–160 bpm, an
36:
1776:
1753:"Functional Status: The Sixth Vital Sign"
1750:
1636:
1587:
1550:
1440:
1368:
1034:
1032:
412:Learn how and when to remove this message
344:leaving bicarbonate base in circulation.
1391:
423:
280:). Alternative sites include the elbow (
266:
214:
208:, which is normally tightly controlled (
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1875:Bellelli G, Trabucchi M (May 1, 2008).
1621:"Routine oximetry. A fifth vital sign?"
1057:
1043:. London: Royal College of Physicians.
83:that indicate the status of the body's
50:of several vital parameters, including
3036:
1618:
1029:
453:. The classic measurement device is a
143:
2513:
2380:Artificial intelligence in healthcare
2016:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
478:and are used to evaluate blockage or
1907:
1663:. University of Hull. Archived from
1335:"Pain as the 5Th Vital Sign Toolkit"
594:
561:
516:
390:adding citations to reliable sources
357:
2919:Upper limb neurological examination
1984:. U.S. National Library of Medicine
1975:
328:
13:
2455:reform debate in the United States
1877:"Delirium as the Sixth Vital Sign"
1552:10.1111/j.1553-2712.1998.tb02813.x
1251:
1226:
1187:
1075:
1023:"Vital Signs Table - ProHealthSys"
14:
3060:
2482:(Category Health care by country)
1730:10.1097/01.ta.0000188125.44129.7c
354:Blood pressure § Measurement
347:
2494:
2493:
1846:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51104.x
1769:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2001.10918.x
1433:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00415.x
1265:DeGowin's diagnostic examination
362:
2940:Ballard Maturational Assessment
2800:Peripheral vascular examination
2042:
1996:
1969:
1957:
1945:
1887:(4): 279, author reply 279–80.
1868:
1818:
1793:
1744:
1678:
1653:
1612:
1567:
1526:
1507:
1488:
1457:
1408:
1385:
1344:
1327:
1318:
1293:
1163:
2566:History of the present illness
2191:Academic health science centre
1724:(4): 821–8, discussion 828–9.
1392:Wellbery C (15 October 2006).
1139:
1114:
1092:
1015:
997:
983:
532:. Pain is measured on a 0–10
493:
196:
1:
2907:Mini–mental state examination
2818:Ankle–brachial pressure index
2428:Health information management
2413:health information technology
2151:Health information management
977:
909:
507:Emergency medical technicians
488:Ankle brachial pressure index
276:commonly taken at the wrist (
2403:Translational bioinformatics
1370:10.3122/jabfm.2009.03.080162
46:with integrated systems for
21:Vital signs (disambiguation)
7:
2433:Consumer health informatics
1893:10.1016/j.jamda.2007.08.014
1267:(10th ed.). New York:
1009:www.emergencyphysicians.org
1005:"Emergency Physicians Home"
955:
16:Group of medical indicators
10:
3065:
1903:– via www.jamda.com.
351:
332:
260:
177:The equipment needed is a
18:
3008:
2976:
2948:
2927:
2914:Cranial nerve examination
2892:
2856:
2828:
2785:
2767:
2720:
2687:
2653:
2644:
2551:
2489:
2443:
2423:Public health informatics
2359:
2336:Electronic health records
2306:
2270:
2214:
2206:Supervised injection site
2159:
2146:Allied health professions
2113:
2050:
1398:American Family Physician
972:Remote Patient Monitoring
750:
745:
742:
616:
613:
610:
607:
476:segmental blood pressures
62:
35:
30:
256:
245:Temperature depression (
136:. Used appropriately, a
132:and/or admission to the
2986:Athletic heart syndrome
2371:Medical image computing
2321:Artificial intelligence
1638:10.1378/chest.94.2.227a
1214:www.hopkinsmedicine.org
1126:www.hopkinsmedicine.org
751:Normal respiratory rate
204:gives an indication of
118:), and breathing rate (
3023:Differential diagnosis
2958:Well-woman examination
2408:Translational medicine
1933:PEDIATRIC AGE SPECIFIC
925:, and preferably also
429:
272:
220:
2397:Computational biology
2298:Universal precautions
1598:10.1542/peds.99.5.681
1269:McGraw-Hill Education
753:(breaths per minute)
427:
270:
218:
206:core body temperature
202:Temperature recording
3049:Physical examination
2991:Sudden cardiac death
2874:Shoulder examination
2813:Abdominojugular test
2646:Physical examination
2593:Past medical history
2391:Behavior informatics
935:intensive care units
386:improve this section
288:), behind the knee (
126:Early warning scores
19:For other uses, see
3010:Assessment and plan
2795:Cardiac examination
2740:Swinging light test
2608:Psychiatric history
2541:Medical examination
2375:imaging informatics
2283:Cultural competence
939:anesthetic machines
748:(beats per minute)
604:
603:for blood pressure
583:Shortness of breath
292:), or in the foot (
144:Primary vital signs
138:rapid response team
134:intensive care unit
100:primary vital signs
2968:Breast examination
2843:Rectal examination
2777:Respiratory sounds
2576:Nursing assessment
2361:Health informatics
2136:Healthcare science
1938:2017-05-16 at the
1751:Bierman A (2001).
1697:(3–4): 85–7, 168.
1357:J Am Board Fam Med
1102:. Cleveland Clinic
599:
480:arterial occlusion
430:
273:
221:
44:anesthetic machine
3031:
3030:
3018:Medical diagnosis
3004:
3003:
2879:Elbow examination
2507:
2506:
2271:Skills / training
2195:Teaching hospital
1050:978-1-86016-471-2
907:
906:
746:Normal heart rate
735:
734:
595:Variations by age
579:Functional status
562:Sixth vital signs
545:Oxygen saturation
517:Fifth vital signs
422:
421:
414:
70:
69:
3056:
2864:Knee examination
2712:Respiratory rate
2651:
2650:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2511:
2510:
2497:
2496:
2385:Neuroinformatics
2326:Connected health
2037:
2030:
2023:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1930:
1905:
1904:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1834:J Am Geriatr Soc
1831:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1780:
1757:J Gen Intern Med
1748:
1742:
1741:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1640:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1591:
1571:
1565:
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1554:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1482:
1476:
1470:. Archived from
1469:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1444:
1421:J Gen Intern Med
1412:
1406:
1405:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1372:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1303:. Archived from
1297:
1291:
1290:
1260:
1249:
1248:
1241:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1206:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1175:Cleveland Clinic
1167:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1151:Cleveland Clinic
1143:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1079:
1073:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1036:
1027:
1026:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1001:
995:
994:
987:
931:respiratory rate
767:Typical example
740:
739:
631:Typical example
605:
601:Reference ranges
598:
547:(as measured by
530:Veterans Affairs
451:sphygmomanometer
417:
410:
406:
403:
397:
366:
358:
335:Respiratory rate
329:Respiratory rate
298:posterior tibial
290:popliteal artery
210:thermoregulation
183:sphygmomanometer
167:Respiratory rate
153:Body temperature
120:respiratory rate
104:body temperature
40:
28:
27:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3000:
2972:
2944:
2923:
2888:
2869:Hip examination
2857:Musculoskeletal
2852:
2824:
2781:
2763:
2730:Eye examination
2716:
2683:
2640:
2561:Chief complaint
2553:Medical history
2547:
2538:
2508:
2503:
2485:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2355:
2302:
2266:
2242:Overutilization
2210:
2201:Pharmacy school
2167:Assisted living
2155:
2109:
2046:
2041:
2011:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1987:
1985:
1974:
1970:
1962:
1958:
1950:
1946:
1940:Wayback Machine
1931:
1908:
1873:
1869:
1829:
1823:
1819:
1810:
1808:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1749:
1745:
1714:
1710:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1670:
1668:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1619:Neff T (1988).
1617:
1613:
1589:10.1.1.575.2200
1572:
1568:
1531:
1527:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1493:
1489:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1413:
1409:
1404:(8): 1417–1418.
1390:
1386:
1349:
1345:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1310:
1308:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1279:
1261:
1252:
1243:
1242:
1227:
1218:
1216:
1208:
1207:
1188:
1179:
1177:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1155:
1153:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1131:
1129:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1105:
1103:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1072:. London, 2007.
1062:
1058:
1051:
1037:
1030:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1003:
1002:
998:
989:
988:
984:
980:
958:
943:operating rooms
912:
761:Typical example
752:
747:
625:Typical example
611:Approximate age
597:
575:
564:
540:Menstrual cycle
519:
500:body mass index
496:
418:
407:
401:
398:
383:
367:
356:
350:
343:
337:
331:
282:brachial artery
265:
259:
199:
146:
98:There are four
75:(also known as
58:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3062:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2982:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2954:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2898:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2834:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2787:Cardiovascular
2783:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2735:Ophthalmoscopy
2726:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2707:Blood pressure
2704:
2699:
2693:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2660:
2658:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2615:
2613:Progress notes
2610:
2605:
2603:Social history
2600:
2598:Family history
2595:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2578:
2573:
2571:Systems review
2568:
2563:
2557:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2545:history taking
2537:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2514:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2462:United Kingdom
2459:
2458:
2457:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2377:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2331:Digital health
2328:
2323:
2318:
2316:3D bioprinting
2312:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2278:Bedside manner
2274:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2187:Medical school
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2040:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2017:
2010:
2009:
1995:
1968:
1964:Emergency Care
1956:
1952:Emergency Care
1944:
1906:
1867:
1840:(9): 314–322.
1817:
1792:
1743:
1708:
1686:
1677:
1652:
1611:
1566:
1539:Acad Emerg Med
1525:
1506:
1497:Obstet Gynecol
1487:
1456:
1407:
1384:
1363:(3): 291–298.
1343:
1326:
1317:
1292:
1277:
1250:
1225:
1186:
1162:
1138:
1113:
1091:
1074:
1056:
1049:
1028:
1025:. 3 July 2013.
1014:
996:
981:
979:
976:
975:
974:
969:
967:Medical record
964:
957:
954:
927:pulse oximetry
919:blood pressure
911:
908:
905:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
888:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
871:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
854:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
837:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
820:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
803:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
786:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
769:
768:
765:
762:
759:
755:
754:
749:
744:
733:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
719:13 to 18 years
717:
713:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
693:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
673:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
653:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
639:1 to 12 months
637:
633:
632:
629:
626:
623:
619:
618:
615:
612:
609:
596:
593:
592:
591:
588:
585:
580:
577:
573:
563:
560:
559:
558:
552:
549:pulse oximetry
542:
537:
518:
515:
495:
492:
449:or electronic
443:pulse pressure
420:
419:
402:September 2017
370:
368:
361:
352:Main article:
349:
348:Blood pressure
346:
341:
333:Main article:
330:
327:
294:dorsalis pedis
286:carotid artery
261:Main article:
258:
255:
198:
195:
175:
174:
172:Blood pressure
169:
164:
155:
145:
142:
130:cardiac arrest
108:blood pressure
91:, and overall
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
52:blood pressure
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3061:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3044:Medical signs
3042:
3041:
3039:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2950:Gynecological
2947:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2902:Mental status
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2535:
2530:
2528:
2523:
2521:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2500:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2450:United States
2448:
2446:
2442:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:in healthcare
2398:
2395:
2393:in healthcare
2392:
2389:
2387:in healthcare
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2038:
2033:
2031:
2026:
2024:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2006:. 2019-07-23.
2005:
1999:
1983:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1960:
1953:
1948:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1871:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1807:on 2009-01-17
1806:
1802:
1796:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1763:(11): 785–6.
1762:
1758:
1754:
1747:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1681:
1667:on 2016-08-17
1666:
1662:
1656:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1570:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1545:(9): 858–65.
1544:
1540:
1536:
1529:
1521:
1517:
1510:
1502:
1498:
1491:
1477:on 2012-05-26
1473:
1466:
1460:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1427:(6): 607–12.
1426:
1422:
1418:
1411:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1336:
1330:
1321:
1307:on 2018-03-25
1306:
1302:
1296:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1278:9780071814478
1274:
1270:
1266:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1247:. 2019-07-23.
1246:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1101:
1100:"Vital Signs"
1095:
1084:
1078:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1052:
1046:
1042:
1035:
1033:
1024:
1018:
1010:
1006:
1000:
992:
991:"Vital Signs"
986:
982:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
959:
953:
951:
946:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
889:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
872:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
855:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
838:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
821:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
804:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
787:
783:
780:
777:
774:
771:
770:
766:
763:
760:
757:
756:
741:
738:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
714:
710:
707:
704:
701:
699:6 to 13 years
698:
695:
694:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
676:Preschoolers
675:
674:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
654:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
634:
630:
627:
624:
621:
620:
606:
602:
589:
586:
584:
581:
578:
576:
569:
568:
567:
556:
555:Blood glucose
553:
550:
546:
543:
541:
538:
535:
531:
527:
524:
523:
522:
514:
512:
508:
503:
501:
491:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
439:
435:
426:
416:
413:
405:
395:
391:
387:
381:
380:
376:
371:This section
369:
365:
360:
359:
355:
345:
336:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
299:
295:
291:
287:
284:), the neck (
283:
279:
278:radial artery
269:
264:
254:
250:
248:
243:
241:
237:
232:
228:
224:
217:
213:
211:
207:
203:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
159:
156:
154:
151:
150:
149:
141:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
96:
94:
90:
86:
82:
81:medical signs
78:
74:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
2894:Neurological
2848:Bowel sounds
2805:Heart sounds
2688:
2669:Auscultation
2418:Telemedicine
2351:Telemedicine
2346:Nanomedicine
2182:Nursing home
1998:
1986:. Retrieved
1981:
1971:
1963:
1959:
1951:
1947:
1884:
1880:
1870:
1837:
1833:
1820:
1809:. Retrieved
1805:the original
1795:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1694:
1690:
1680:
1669:. Retrieved
1665:the original
1655:
1628:
1624:
1614:
1582:(5): 681–6.
1579:
1575:
1569:
1542:
1538:
1528:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1500:
1496:
1490:
1479:. Retrieved
1472:the original
1459:
1424:
1420:
1410:
1401:
1397:
1387:
1360:
1356:
1346:
1329:
1320:
1309:. Retrieved
1305:the original
1295:
1264:
1217:. Retrieved
1213:
1178:. Retrieved
1174:
1165:
1154:. Retrieved
1150:
1141:
1130:. Retrieved
1128:. 2022-06-14
1125:
1116:
1104:. Retrieved
1094:
1077:
1067:
1059:
1040:
1017:
1008:
999:
985:
962:Biotelemetry
947:
913:
891:15–20 years
874:11–14 years
806:6–12 months
736:
716:Adolescents
679:3 to 5 years
659:1 to 4 years
565:
520:
504:
497:
468:hypertension
431:
408:
399:
384:Please help
372:
338:
274:
251:
244:
240:hyperthermia
233:
229:
225:
222:
200:
176:
147:
124:
99:
97:
76:
72:
71:
25:
2935:Apgar score
2884:GALS screen
2769:Respiratory
2697:Temperature
2689:Vital signs
2586:Medications
2477:New Zealand
2232:End-of-life
2114:Professions
2044:Health care
1982:MedlinePlus
1976:Vorvick L.
857:6–10 years
789:0–5 months
696:School age
494:Other signs
472:hypotension
459:millimeters
307:stethoscope
247:hypothermia
197:Temperature
191:stethoscope
179:thermometer
73:Vital signs
31:Vital signs
3038:Categories
2838:Liver span
2702:Heart rate
2679:Percussion
2664:Inspection
2617:Mnemonics
2444:By country
2308:Technology
2247:Palliative
2075:Philosophy
2065:Guidelines
1988:23 January
1966:, Page 215
1954:, Page 214
1811:2009-01-16
1671:2016-05-14
1631:(2): 227.
1576:Pediatrics
1516:Pediatrics
1481:2023-12-24
1311:2014-08-24
1219:2019-08-30
1180:2023-11-06
1156:2023-11-06
1132:2023-11-06
978:References
952:and Azoi.
937:, and the
923:heart rate
915:Monitoring
910:Monitoring
840:3–5 years
823:1–3 years
617:Diastolic
587:Gait speed
570:End-tidal
534:pain scale
323:adolescent
158:Heart rate
116:heart rate
56:heart rate
48:monitoring
2830:Abdominal
2674:Palpation
2581:Allergies
2472:Australia
2293:Education
2288:Diagnosis
2141:Dentistry
2085:Providers
2060:Equipment
2055:Economics
1584:CiteSeerX
1287:876336892
656:Toddlers
438:diastolic
373:does not
303:heartbeat
2963:Pap test
2928:Neonatal
2654:General/
2635:COASTMAP
2499:Category
2177:Hospital
2160:Settings
2131:Pharmacy
2121:Medicine
2070:Industry
1936:Archived
1901:18457806
1862:31083716
1854:12588574
1787:11722694
1738:16374268
1718:J Trauma
1703:10979461
1691:Harefuah
1503:: 143–6.
1451:16808744
1379:19429735
956:See also
772:Newborn
636:Infants
614:Systolic
590:Delirium
434:systolic
305:using a
185:, and a
2747:Hearing
2341:mHealth
2252:Primary
2237:Hospice
2227:Chronic
2126:Nursing
2095:Ranking
1978:"Pulse"
1778:1495293
1647:3396392
1606:9113944
1561:9754497
1442:1924634
950:Scanadu
775:100–160
455:mercury
447:aneroid
394:removed
379:sources
319:toddler
311:newborn
63:Purpose
2978:Sports
2809:Other
2626:OPQRST
2621:SAMPLE
2467:Canada
2172:Clinic
2105:System
2100:Reform
2090:Public
2080:Policy
1899:
1860:
1852:
1785:
1775:
1736:
1701:
1645:
1604:
1586:
1559:
1449:
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1275:
1106:10 Sep
1047:
894:60–100
877:60–105
860:70–110
843:80–120
826:80–130
809:80–140
792:90–150
722:95-140
702:85-120
682:80-110
662:80-110
642:75-100
511:pupils
315:infant
93:health
77:vitals
2996:RED-S
2757:Rinne
2752:Weber
2722:HEENT
2262:Total
2222:Acute
1858:S2CID
1830:(PDF)
1625:Chest
1475:(PDF)
1468:(PDF)
1338:(PDF)
1086:(PDF)
900:12–30
883:12–20
866:15–30
849:20–30
832:20–30
815:20–30
798:25–40
781:30–50
764:Range
758:Range
728:60–90
708:55–80
688:50–80
668:50–80
648:50–70
628:Range
622:Range
608:Stage
557:level
486:(see
482:in a
263:Pulse
257:Pulse
236:fever
187:watch
162:Pulse
112:pulse
85:vital
2656:IPPA
2631:SOAP
2543:and
2373:and
2257:Self
2215:Care
1990:2011
1897:PMID
1850:PMID
1783:PMID
1734:PMID
1699:PMID
1643:PMID
1602:PMID
1557:PMID
1447:PMID
1375:PMID
1283:OCLC
1273:ISBN
1108:2020
1045:ISBN
929:and
921:and
743:Age
526:Pain
484:limb
377:any
375:cite
181:, a
54:and
1889:doi
1842:doi
1773:PMC
1765:doi
1726:doi
1695:139
1633:doi
1594:doi
1547:doi
1520:118
1501:126
1437:PMC
1429:doi
1365:doi
941:in
903:20
886:16
869:20
852:25
846:100
835:25
829:105
818:25
812:110
801:30
795:120
784:40
778:130
731:75
725:115
711:65
705:100
691:65
671:65
651:60
490:).
388:by
296:or
160:or
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