521:
the part of the Senate, to confer with a committee of the House on Rules, and on the appointment of chaplains. The House chose five men - Boudinot, Bland, Tucker, Sherman, and
Madison. The result of their consultation was a recommendation to appoint two chaplains of different denominations - one by the Senate and one by the House - to interchange weekly. The Senate appointed Dr. Provost, on the 25th of April. On the 1st day of May, Washington's first speech was read to the House, and the first business after the speech was the appointment of Dr. Linn as chaplain. ...The law of 1789 was passed in compliance with their plan, giving chaplains a salary...It was reenacted in 1816, and continues to the present time. ...Originally the chaplain was not an official of the House. A concurrent resolution named two clergymen of different denominations, who, interchanging weekly supplied the Senate and House." The two chaplains also conducted Sunday services for the Washington community in the
776:
3384:
1513:
40:
1104:
166:
348:. Duché eventually betrayed the cause of American independence and maligned the Continental army in a letter to George Washington. Of Independence, Duché wrote: "independency was the idol, which they had long wished to set up, & that rather than sacrifice this, they would deluge their Country in Blood" and of the "Necessity of rescinding the hasty & ill-advised declaration of Independency." Of the army, "Have you, can you have the least Confidence in a Sett of undisciplined Men, & Officers, many of whom have been taken from the lowest of the People, without Principle, without Courage."
242:
1851:
638:, 463 U.S. 783, related to chaplains in the Nebraska Legislature) on the grounds of precedent and tradition. The Court cited the practice going back to the Continental Congress in 1774 and noted that the custom "is deeply embedded in the history and tradition of this country" from colonial times and the founding of the republic. Further, the Court held that the use of prayer "has become part of the fabric of our society," coexisting with "the principles of disestablishment and religious freedom." This decision was cited in
2249:
419:
614:
spirit that characterized the pending controversy, and in the following
Congress (1857) certain Members who claimed that the employment of chaplains conflicted with the spirit of the Constitution and tended to promote a union of church and state, made a determined effort to discontinue their use. This aroused the churches of the country". This led to "an acrimonious debate the House" which resulted in an overwhelming majority resolving "That the daily sessions of this body be opened with prayer".
2119:
493:
405:
2195:
1540:
604:
nothing of other sects, this is the case with that of Roman
Catholics & Quakers who have always had members in one or both of the Legislative branches. Could a Catholic clergyman ever hope to be appointed a Chaplain? To say that his religious principles are obnoxious or that his sect is small, is to lift the evil at once and exhibit in its naked deformity the doctrine that religious truth is to be tested by numbers, or that the major sects have a right to govern the minor.
1398:
1824:
140:
2020:
1750:
1633:
1077:
708:
2276:
1049:
943:
1878:
1796:
1370:
1320:
2146:
1949:
2222:
2092:
1202:
1153:
803:
830:
3008:
600:
elected by a majority of them; and these are to be paid out of the national taxes. Does not this involve the principle of a national establishment, applicable to a provision for a religious worship for the
Constituent as well as of the representative Body, approved by the majority, and conducted by Ministers of religion paid by the entire nation.
1021:
971:
309:
54:
591:
was an example of one U.S. leader who ultimately came to think that the positions of Senate and House chaplains could not be constitutionally supported, although whether he always held this view (and to what extent he believed it at various times during his life) is a subject of debate. However it is
363:
supposedly argued against the motion because the delegates did not need to call in "foreign aid," though the story is perhaps apocryphal. However, it is certain that the
Constitutional Convention did not even vote on Franklin's prayer motion, let alone pass the resolution. “After several unsuccessful
570:
The question of the constitutionality of the position of the House chaplain (as well as that of the Senate chaplain, and at times, that of military chaplains as well), has been a subject of study and debate over the centuries. Opponents have argued that it violates the separation of church-and-state
221:
In addition to opening proceedings with prayer, the chaplain provides pastoral counseling to the House community, coordinates the scheduling of guest chaplains, and arranges memorial services for the House and its staff. In the past, chaplains have performed marriage and funeral ceremonies for House
2830:
Of
Independence, he wrote: "independency was the idol, which they had long wished to set up, & that rather than sacrifice this, they would deluge their Country in Blood" and of the "Necessity of rescinding the hasty & ill-advised declaration of Independency." Of the army, "Have you, can you
658:
In 1983, the
Supreme Court upheld the practice of having an official chaplain as deeply ingrained in the history and tradition of this country. They stated the ultimate authority for the position lies in the Constitution which states that the House and Senate may each choose their officers, with no
613:
Due to the prolonged struggle to elect a
Speaker of the House in 1855 no official chaplain was named either. To continue the tradition of opening with prayer local D.C. ministers were employed. According to the clerk of the House "Their prayers, it seems, too often evinced something of the partisan
603:
The establishment of the chaplainship to
Congress is a palpable violation of equal rights, as well as of Constitutional principles: The tenets of the chaplains elected shut the door of worship against the members whose creeds & consciences forbid a participation in that of the majority. To say
260:
The chaplain also provides pastoral care for members of
Congress, their staffs, and their families, and provides or oversees religious programs such as Bible study, reflection groups, and the weekly Senate Prayer Breakfast. The chaplain also often presides over religious ceremonies such as funerals
520:
as the first chaplain of the United States House of Representatives. The clerk of the House relates "The First Congress under the Constitution began on the 4th of March, 1789; but there was not a quorum for business till the 1st of April. On the 9th of that month Oliver Ellsworth was appointed, on
528:
When the body moved to Philadelphia in 1790, and then to Washington, D.C., clergy from various Christian denominations ("mainline Protestant denominations--usually Episcopalians or Presbyterians") continued to be selected, delivering prayers and presiding at funerals and memorial services. During
599:
In strictness the answer on both points must be in the negative. The Constitution of the U. S. forbids everything like an establishment of a national religion. The law appointing Chaplains establishes a religious worship for the national representatives, to be performed by Ministers of religion,
225:
Chaplains are elected as individuals and not as representatives of any religious community, body, or organization. As of 2022, all House chaplains have been Christian but can be members of any religion or faith group. Guest chaplains, recommended by congressional members to deliver the session's
673:
and that the choice of chaplains had become too politicized. From 1855 to 1861, the election of chaplains for the House and from 1857 to 1859, the election of chaplains for the Senate were suspended, with local clergy invited to serve on a voluntary basis, instead. However, as a result of "the
642:, which challenged the House chaplaincy, the next year. On appeal, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia dismissed the complaint "for want of a substantial constitutional question." Subsequently, on March 25, 2004, the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, citing
253:
The chaplain of the United States House of Representatives is chosen to "perform ceremonial, symbolic, and pastoral duties". These responsibilities include opening House sessions with a prayer or coordinating the delivery of the prayer by guest chaplains recommended by members of the House.
479:
532:
Clergy have served in the official position of House Chaplain for all years since the office was created except for the brief period of 1855-1861 (and the Senate has had chaplains for every year except 1857-1859). According to the clerk of the House, "During a protracted struggle over the
668:
In addition to court cases, controversy regarding the chaplain's position included a number of petitions to abolish both the Senate and House chaplains that were submitted as early as the 1850s, for reasons including claims that the positions represented a violation of the
2300:
year that chaplains of that denomination served. The total number does not match the official number of House chaplains, which as of 2021 is 61, because the numbers in this table represent individuals and some individuals served in the position more than once.
395:
The clerk of the House points out "The chaplain opens each day's session with prayer, for which he receives a salary...It is not stipulated that prayers be short, or that Members stand during the service, but brevity and reverence are usually observed."
5111:
3643:
283:
While all House chaplains (as of 2011) have been Christian, guest chaplains have been selected to deliver occasional prayers to open House sessions "for many decades", and have represented both Christian and non-Christian faiths, including
3653:
316:
Prayer before the opening of a legislative body traces its origins back to the colonial period. At that time, before the Constitution and its amendments separated church and colonial assemblies would open proceedings with prayer.
217:
explains "The other officers have been created and their duties defined by the rules of the House, which also are made pursuant to the authority of the Constitution, hence one of the rules prescribes the duties of the chaplain."
3638:
558:
The chaplain must be elected to a two-year term at "the beginning of each Congress". Both the House and Senate chaplains are elected as individuals, "not as representatives of any religious body or denominational entity".
674:
difficulty in obtaining volunteer chaplains" and the opportunity for volunteer chaplains to get to know "their flock", Congress returned to the practice of selecting official chaplains for both the House and the Senate.
4045:
3055:
677:
Reverend William H. Milburn while serving as chaplain in the 52nd Congress "got into the habit of praying against gambling in stocks and bonds". "So regular and persistent were the chaplain's daily attacks upon
371:
In 1789, chaplain's prayers opened Congress, both House and Senate. Different (mainstream Christian) denominations were appointed to House and Senate, presumably with the goal of pluralism. (A recent letter by
686:") "went to 'Tom' Reed and objected vehemently to what he said was getting 'personal'". Reed dismissed Dunham's concerns out of hand, claiming "it's only the Chaplain's way of telling the Lord all the news".
367:
The clerk of the House notes that "On December 22, 1776; on December 13, 1784; and on February 29, 1788, it was resolved that two chaplains should be appointed. So far for the old American Congress ."
5116:
344:
and an extemporaneous prayer before debates continued. Rev. Duché was later made the official chaplain of the Continental Congress and served in that capacity until five days after the signing of the
5214:
4698:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4223:
3633:
3012:
516:
Shortly after Congress first convened in April 1789 in New York City, one of its "first orders of business" was to convene a committee to recommend a chaplain, eventually selecting the Reverend
4848:
4040:
4256:
3611:
3512:
3048:
2707:
3628:
1721:
540:
The "status remained unfixed. It was objected that neither the Constitution nor the law recognized such an officer, and not until the payment of his salary depended upon his taking the
5523:
4062:
3517:
324:
gathered in September 1774, Thomas Cushing (who opposed independence and was replaced in the Congress the next year) requested that the proceedings open with a prayer. Adams wrote that
4263:
4233:
5787:
3527:
3041:
440:
To bring a dimension of faith to human events, giving praise and thanks to God for what God is doing in the world, in the nation, and in and through leaders and ordinary citizens
4735:
4228:
364:
attempts for silently postponing the matter by adjourning,” it failed. Franklin himself wrote that “The Convention, except three or four persons, thought Prayers unnecessary."
17:
4137:
5707:
5271:
4273:
3925:
3098:
870:
5502:
5256:
4451:
3580:
2831:
have the least Confidence in a Sett of undisciplined Men, & Officers, many of whom have been taken from the lowest of the People, without Principle, without Courage."
5266:
4057:
3932:
3313:
1969:
436:
The official brochure of the chaplain of the United States House of Representatives lists the following elements of the "ministry of outreach" provided by the chaplain:
3853:
3648:
3318:
1991:
4770:
3298:
3103:
3093:
1898:
892:
5261:
5224:
4843:
4535:
261:
and memorial services for current or past members and participates, offering delivering the invocation or benediction, at many official U.S. ceremonies, including
5239:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3616:
5583:
4171:
4091:
4028:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3522:
3233:
1560:
4838:
4565:
3920:
3253:
1654:
724:
5425:
4892:
4780:
4765:
4508:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4079:
3328:
2041:
332:, who would become the first and second Chief Justices of the U.S. Supreme Court, opposed the prayer "because we were so divided in religious Sentiments."
579:, from which the position of "non-establishment" and church and state separation is derived, were the same ones who approved and appointed the chaplains.
5219:
4176:
4127:
3595:
3570:
3218:
1484:
214:
659:
restrictions on what kind of officers may be chosen. Using that authority, both chambers have chosen to continue to elect an officer to act as Chaplain.
5244:
4811:
4107:
3623:
3238:
2929:
Baker, Richard A. The New Members' Guide to Traditions of the United States Senate.(Washington, GPO, 2006. S. Pub. 109-25), 14, cited on Senate website
1582:
3892:
622:
The constitutionality question has been examined in a number of court cases. According to "House and Senate Chaplains: An Overview", an official 2011
5797:
4865:
4388:
3848:
3353:
3333:
2166:
2063:
2844:
646:, dismissed a suit that challenged the congressional practice of paid chaplains as well as the practice of opening legislative sessions with prayer.
5544:
4740:
3902:
3880:
3422:
1998:
1905:
1567:
1518:
276:. Dedicated in 1955, there are no worship services held in the room, nor is it normally open to the public. Instead, as described by House Speaker
596:
Is the appointment of Chaplains to the two Houses of Congress consistent with the Constitution, and with the pure principle of religious freedom?
4023:
4018:
3208:
1440:
690:
522:
2719:
Lincoln, C. Eric, "The Black Muslims in America," Third Edition, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1994, page 265.
2682:
5131:
4860:
4350:
3897:
3532:
4658:
4312:
3967:
5193:
4446:
4268:
3841:
3303:
1920:
775:
735:
Information regarding past and current House chaplains, taken from the official House of Representatives website, includes the following:
550:
The chaplain of the House of Representatives and the chaplain of the Senate became full-time positions in the middle of the 20th century.
5572:
5188:
4904:
4785:
4503:
4456:
4050:
3452:
458:
To provide answers to religious questions and research information about religious organizations and services in the area of Capitol Hill
727:, on December 31, 2020, and she was sworn in as the new House chaplain on January 3, 2021. She is the first woman to serve in the role.
5354:
5052:
4693:
4132:
2767:
4493:
4419:
3972:
3860:
3585:
2604:
592:
clear from his "Detached Memoranda" writings during his retirement that he had come to believe the positions could not be justified:
376:, future president and considered primary impetus to the U.S. Constitution, opposed hiring chaplains, on the grounds it violated the
352:
345:
5758:
5702:
5042:
5008:
4790:
4345:
4340:
4155:
3590:
2790:
4899:
4775:
4668:
4545:
4335:
2619:
537:, and before a chaplain was elected the House was opened alternately with prayer daily by minister of the gospel of Washington."
529:
this early period, chaplains "typically served" for less than a year while concurrently serving in non-congressional positions.
5493:
5397:
5300:
4703:
4628:
4002:
3548:
3442:
2750:
195:
85:
2966:
719:
minister, currently serves as the 62nd chaplain of the House of Representatives. Her selection was announced by the office of
226:
opening prayer in place of the House chaplain, have represented many different religious groups, including Judaism and Islam.
5173:
5158:
5085:
4826:
4718:
4688:
4478:
3565:
3553:
2854:
2574:"Brudnick, Ida, "House and Senate Chaplains: An Overview," Congressional Research Service report for Congress, May 26, 2011"
5732:
5474:
5163:
3415:
2476:
272:
Along with the Senate chaplain, the House chaplain is responsible for overseeing the Capitol Prayer Room, located near the
266:
183:
Edward A. Duff, the first Navy chaplain in 117 years (since 1820) to open a House session as guest chaplain, March 25, 1937
5792:
5737:
5364:
5168:
5080:
5032:
4855:
4750:
4426:
3836:
5121:
4367:
2646:
5516:
5370:
5126:
4613:
4122:
4072:
3575:
107:
3875:
2741:
534:
5670:
5645:
5384:
5183:
5003:
4816:
3560:
312:
The Rev. Jacob Duché leading the first prayer for the Second Continental Congress, Philadelphia, September 7, 1774
5665:
5402:
5391:
5344:
5057:
3937:
3472:
3408:
3228:
1533:
5629:
5610:
5593:
5307:
5295:
5178:
5106:
2097:
670:
627:
2296:
The following table represents a breakdown by religion of past and current House chaplains. It also shows the
5675:
5530:
5459:
4973:
4673:
4431:
4357:
4112:
4067:
3158:
2999:
conducted the opening prayer. Thereafter, the House has elected a Chaplain at the beginning of each Congress.
571:
and proponents have argued, among other factors, that the fact that the same early legislators who wrote the
293:
2928:
157:, in recognition of his 11 years of service as the 59th chaplain of the House of Representatives, April 2011
5712:
5697:
5655:
5650:
5537:
5480:
5229:
5090:
5020:
4641:
4441:
4436:
3887:
3466:
3462:
3458:
576:
377:
297:
285:
3870:
3033:
5615:
5440:
5324:
5037:
4362:
4084:
3947:
510:
321:
340:
to "read Prayers to the Congress" on September 5, 1774. On that day, Rev. Duché read the service of the
5660:
5445:
4372:
4033:
693:
opened a session with a Hindu prayer sparking protests from some conservative Christian media figures.
679:
572:
455:
To meet representatives of other nations to discuss how religion and politics interface on Capitol Hill
289:
203:
1512:
257:
The House chaplain is also responsible for "hosting" guest chaplains on the day they deliver prayers.
5722:
5435:
5339:
3108:
2679:
914:
39:
5578:
5015:
3865:
3078:
2814:
2533:"Miscellaneous Historical Data on Chaplains in the House of Representatives of the United States".
769:
517:
506:
126:
5565:
5509:
5319:
4929:
4760:
4618:
4608:
4398:
4325:
3942:
3213:
3148:
3083:
2540:
1462:
1173:
1124:
1103:
796:
180:
2680:"The Senate:1789-1989 (volume 2, chapter 12), Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office, 1982
165:
5551:
5469:
5312:
3431:
3343:
3283:
2112:
1817:
683:
280:
during the room's dedication, it is a place for members "who want to be alone with their God."
172:
2573:
654:"public affairs on the web" response to the question of constitutional challenges noted that:
5417:
4633:
4560:
4473:
4468:
3977:
3323:
3273:
3258:
3248:
3243:
3173:
3163:
3138:
3128:
3118:
2013:
1856:
1743:
1676:
1626:
1604:
1469:
1245:
1195:
1070:
1014:
964:
2728:
5621:
5377:
5234:
5025:
4935:
4872:
4806:
4755:
4330:
3994:
3447:
2996:
2764:
702:
381:
269:
as well as the chaplain of the House were included as part of "Obama's Spiritual Cabinet".
241:
2661:
1850:
711:
Retired Navy Rear Adm. Margaret Grun Kibben, 62nd chaplain of the House of Representatives
509:
as first chaplain of the House on May 1, 1789, continued the tradition established by the
8:
5727:
5334:
5285:
5047:
4998:
4683:
4550:
3188:
3133:
3113:
2070:
1976:
1341:
1042:
936:
2742:"Rep. Norcross Welcomes First Sikh Guest Chaplain to Lead Opening Prayer on House Floor"
2118:
634:
The constitutionality of legislative chaplains was upheld in 1983 by the Supreme Court (
461:
To sponsor occasional activities of a religious nature for Members of Congress and staff
5717:
5407:
4745:
4663:
4603:
4483:
3487:
3373:
3363:
3293:
3288:
3278:
3198:
3193:
3183:
2592:
2534:
2269:
2215:
1871:
1844:
1789:
1391:
1363:
1313:
562:
Selection of House chaplains has "generally not been subject to party considerations".
418:
360:
300:. Congressional members are limited to one guest chaplain recommendation per Congress,
230:
61:
498:
Rev. Daniel Waldo (1762–1864), Chaplain of the U.S. House of Representatives 1856-1857
5487:
5451:
5430:
4887:
4623:
4570:
4530:
4515:
4202:
3368:
3016:
2850:
2616:
2242:
356:
341:
246:
2983:
2952:
5249:
4648:
4498:
4317:
3348:
3263:
3123:
2877:
2248:
2139:
1699:
992:
404:
176:
5464:
4414:
4322:
3338:
3203:
3143:
2771:
2686:
2623:
2085:
1418:
1291:
1097:
547:
Since 1914, the Chaplain's Prayer has been included in the Congressional Record.
273:
2871:
210:, "The House of Representatives shall choose their speaker and other officers".
5558:
4730:
4653:
4580:
3268:
3223:
2882:
2746:
2254:
2227:
1506:
94:
2494:"The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other Officers."
337:
308:
5781:
4882:
4708:
4488:
4295:
3358:
3308:
2188:
1942:
588:
541:
424:
Rabbi Amy Rader delivers opening prayer as guest chaplain, September 14, 2006
410:
Imam Yahya Hendi delivers opening prayer as guest chaplain, November 15, 2001
373:
336:
spoke in favor and the motion carried. The Congress selected Anglican priest
329:
2194:
1539:
5753:
4977:
4877:
4525:
4520:
3153:
3088:
3063:
2281:
2151:
1829:
1728:
1683:
1661:
1425:
1397:
1348:
1275:
1252:
1229:
1180:
1158:
1146:
1131:
921:
899:
835:
823:
808:
781:
720:
716:
333:
154:
150:
146:
464:
To offer a Web site with pertinent information about the Chaplain's Office
446:
To welcome and assist guest chaplains on their day of service to the House
359:
proposed a prayer on June 28, 1787, the Convention rejected his proposal.
202:. The House cites the first half of Article 1, Section 2, Clause 5 in the
4726:
4678:
4585:
4540:
3400:
3178:
3168:
2940:
1823:
1268:
1222:
452:
To develop interfaith dialogue for better understanding and relationships
277:
262:
2902:
2019:
1749:
1632:
1076:
449:
To receive religious leaders from across the nation and around the world
2275:
707:
623:
139:
53:
2729:
Partial list of guest chaplains, from House of Representatives website
1048:
942:
4949:
4555:
3064:
2173:
2124:
2048:
2025:
1954:
1948:
1927:
1877:
1801:
1795:
1755:
1706:
1638:
1611:
1545:
1447:
1375:
1369:
1325:
1319:
1298:
1207:
1026:
999:
976:
855:
484:
William Linn, the first Chaplain of the U.S. House of Representatives
389:
2145:
5524:
First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln
4942:
4393:
2200:
1883:
492:
325:
207:
75:
2221:
2091:
544:, adopted in 1862 did his official character become established."
4463:
2846:
A Great Improvisation: Franklin, France, and the Birth of America
1589:
1491:
1403:
1109:
1082:
1054:
948:
877:
385:
265:
events. In a January 2011 post on "On Watch in Washington", the
5329:
4924:
2297:
1201:
1152:
802:
651:
513:
of each day's proceedings opening with a prayer by a chaplain.
478:
199:
2903:"Chaplains and Congress: An Overview from 1774 to early 1800s"
2815:"Letter To George Washington from Jacob Duché, 8 October 1777"
829:
5503:
Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States
3029:
Chaplain of the U.S. House of Representatives - Official site
3028:
682:'" that Rep. Dunham from Chicago ("a prominent member of the
443:
To offer counsel for Members of Congress, families, and staff
2791:"Letter from John Adams to Abigail Adams, 16 September 1774"
1020:
970:
4575:
384:, and also discriminated against religious groups such as
4296:
Powers, privileges, procedure, committees, history, media
2876:, vol. 1, Yale University Press, pp. 451–452,
198:
responsible for beginning each day's proceedings with a
5788:
Chaplains of the United States House of Representatives
192:
chaplain of the United States House of Representatives
33:
Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives
725:
Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
27:
Officer of the United States House of Representatives
5426:
List of artwork at the United States Capitol complex
2967:"Pelosi Names 1st Female Chaplain to Serve Congress"
2708:
William and Mary Bill of Rights Journal, Vol 17:117
4972:
392:, who "could scarcely be elected to the office".)
5779:
5545:George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door
5112:Emergency Planning, Preparedness, and Operations
715:Retired Navy Rear Adm. Margaret Grun Kibben, a
18:United States House of Representatives Chaplain
153:present a flag flown over the U.S. Capitol to
3416:
3068:of the United States House of Representatives
3049:
2610:
2958:
5573:Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way
3393:Listed in chronological order of succession
2657:
2655:
2539:. Washington, The Congress. 1964. pp.
382:requirement of disestablishment of religion
3430:
3423:
3409:
3056:
3042:
2995:From 1855 to 1861 the local clergy in the
2984:House Chaplain history, from House website
2924:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2895:
2795:Adams Family Papers: An Electronic Archive
2605:Congressional glossary: pro forma sessions
730:
630:for "Members and Committees of Congress":
2881:
2873:Records of the Federal Convention of 1787
5798:1789 establishments in the United States
5759:United States Capitol cornerstone laying
2734:
2652:
706:
307:
240:
233:, the first woman to hold the position.
4526:Majority of the majority (Hastert Rule)
3486:
2913:
2869:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2482:
431:
14:
5780:
4003:Caucuses of the United States Congress
2842:
2751:United States House of Representatives
2674:
2672:
2670:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2500:
351:The tradition of prayers ended at the
206:as giving it the authority to elect a
196:United States House of Representatives
4971:
4294:
3485:
3404:
3037:
2964:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2788:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
99:Elected at the start of each Congress
2629:
2588:
2586:
2477:Chaplain of the United States Senate
1764:
565:
44:Seal of the House of Representatives
3634:Expelled, censured, and reprimanded
2821:. National Archives Founders Online
2797:. Massachusetts Historical Society.
2667:
2497:
696:
24:
2965:Jones, Dustin (31 December 2020).
2801:
2789:Adams, John (September 16, 1774).
2777:
2692:
2547:
689:In September 2000, guest chaplain
533:organization of the House in the
320:According to John Adams, when the
25:
5809:
5517:Progress of Civilization Pediment
5371:Congressional Pictorial Directory
4224:By length of service historically
3022:
2812:
2583:
608:
303:
108:Constitution of the United States
5385:Official Congressional Directory
5004:Gov. Accountability Office (GAO)
3382:
3011: This article incorporates
3006:
2617:www.gods-directions-for-life.com
2536:Congressional Record: Volume 110
2274:
2247:
2220:
2193:
2144:
2117:
2090:
2018:
1947:
1876:
1849:
1822:
1794:
1748:
1631:
1538:
1511:
1396:
1368:
1318:
1200:
1151:
1102:
1075:
1047:
1019:
969:
941:
828:
801:
774:
663:
491:
477:
417:
403:
215:office of the clerk of the House
164:
138:
52:
38:
5194:Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper
4041:Arab and Middle Eastern members
3938:Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group
3473:Lists of United States Congress
2989:
2977:
2946:
2934:
2863:
2836:
2758:
2722:
2713:
2291:
5296:Congressional Research Service
5043:Congr. Workplace Rights (OCWR)
4046:Asian Pacific American members
2598:
2488:
741:
671:separation of church and state
628:Congressional Research Service
617:
249:in prayer, Capitol Prayer Room
229:The current House chaplain is
13:
1:
5531:Surrender of General Burgoyne
4888:Old Brick Capitol (1815–1819)
4051:Asian Pacific American Caucus
3644:Lost re-election in a primary
5538:Surrender of Lord Cornwallis
5481:The Apotheosis of Washington
5215:Chief Administrative Officer
5053:Gov. Publishing Office (GPO)
2843:Schiff, Stacy (2006-01-10).
2452:
2441:
2430:
2419:
2408:
2397:
2386:
2375:
2364:
2353:
691:Venkatachalapathi Samuldrala
553:
7:
5703:Health and Fitness Facility
5495:Declaration of Independence
4264:Killed or wounded in office
4085:Congressional Jewish Caucus
4058:Hispanic and Latino members
2986:, retrieved August 8, 2011.
2943:, retrieved August 8, 2011.
2870:Farrand, Max (1987-09-10),
2731:, retrieved August 8, 2011.
2470:
2449:
2438:
2427:
2416:
2405:
2394:
2383:
2372:
2361:
2350:
511:Second Continental Congress
346:Declaration of Independence
322:Second Continental Congress
10:
5814:
5793:American religious leaders
5117:Interparliamentary Affairs
5038:Congr. Budget Office (CBO)
4674:Riddick's Senate Procedure
4101:Gender and sexual identity
2955:, retrieved July 27, 2011.
2931:, retrieved July 27, 2011.
2883:10.12987/9780300157949-001
2849:. Macmillan. p. 404.
2774:, retrieved July 28, 2011.
2710:, retrieved July 27, 2011.
2689:, retrieved July 27, 2011.
2664:, retrieved July 27, 2011.
2649:, retrieved July 27, 2011.
2626:, retrieved July 27, 2011.
2607:, retrieved July 27, 2011.
2595:, retrieved July 27, 2011.
700:
582:
573:United States Constitution
468:
204:United States Constitution
66:since January 3, 2021
5746:
5723:Old Supreme Court Chamber
5688:
5638:
5603:
5592:
5436:Congressional Prayer Room
5416:
5353:
5284:
5202:
5151:
5144:
5099:
5073:
5066:
4989:
4985:
4967:
4917:
4883:Congress Hall (1790–1800)
4834:
4825:
4799:
4717:
4596:
4407:
4381:
4305:
4301:
4290:
4229:Current members by wealth
4216:
4164:
4148:
4100:
4011:
3993:
3986:
3960:
3913:
3829:
3822:
3662:
3654:Elected but did not serve
3604:
3541:
3505:
3498:
3494:
3481:
3438:
3391:
3380:
3074:
1970:Frederick Dunglison Power
353:Constitutional Convention
236:
122:
114:
103:
93:
81:
71:
49:
37:
32:
5016:Architect of the Capitol
4878:Federal Hall (1789–1790)
4019:African-American members
3443:House of Representatives
3017:United States Government
2343:Most Recent Appointment
1992:John Summerfield Lindsay
245:Stained glass window of
86:House of Representatives
5566:Washington at Princeton
5510:Apotheosis of Democracy
4930:Congressional Quarterly
4619:Executive communication
4609:Blue slip (U.S. Senate)
4566:Suspension of the rules
4092:Native American members
3518:By shortness of service
1899:Israel Leander Townsend
1174:John Brackenridge, D.D.
1125:John Nicholson Campbell
731:List of House chaplains
181:Navy Chief of Chaplains
104:Constituting instrument
5733:Webster Page Residence
5708:House Recording Studio
5552:Revolutionary War Door
5313:Register of Copyrights
4894:Biographical Directory
4363:"Necessary and Proper"
3903:Policy Committee Chair
3881:Policy Committee Chair
3432:United States Congress
3013:public domain material
2685:June 29, 2011, at the
2113:James Shera Montgomery
1818:William Henry Channing
712:
684:Chicago Stock Exchange
661:
648:
606:
313:
267:chaplain of the Senate
250:
194:is the officer of the
173:James Shera Montgomery
110:, Article I, Section 2
5058:Technology Assessment
4479:Dear Colleague letter
4474:Continuing resolution
4469:Concurrent resolution
3948:Republican Conference
3888:Republican Conference
3849:President pro tempore
3581:Born outside the U.S.
2819:founders.archives.gov
2014:William Henry Milburn
1744:William Henry Milburn
1677:Ralph Randolph Gurley
1627:William Henry Milburn
1605:William Mitchel Daily
1246:Ralph Randolph Gurley
1196:Henry Bidleman Bascom
1071:Spencer Houghton Cone
710:
656:
632:
594:
311:
244:
5622:Mountains and Clouds
5378:Congressional Record
5235:Floor Services Chief
5122:Law Revision Counsel
4873:Continental Congress
4368:Power of enforcement
4331:Contempt of Congress
4234:From multiple states
4187:Mormon (LDS) members
3995:Congressional caucus
3639:Served a single term
3571:Expelled or censured
3513:By length of service
2997:District of Columbia
2483:Notes and references
1561:Frederick T. Tiffany
1534:John Newland Maffitt
746:Date of Appointment
703:Margaret Grun Kibben
432:Ministry of Outreach
149:and Minority Leader
89:with a majority vote
5646:Building Commission
5127:Legislative Counsel
5048:Library of Congress
5009:Comptroller General
4999:Congressional staff
4684:Senatorial courtesy
4073:Hispanic Conference
3488:Members and leaders
2941:acheritagegroup.org
2425:Disciples of Christ
2305:
2071:Disciples of Christ
1977:Disciples of Christ
1655:William T.S. Sprole
1415:September 12, 1837
1342:Edward Dunlap Smith
1043:Obadiah Bruen Brown
1039:September 23, 1814
937:Obadiah Bruen Brown
155:Fr. Daniel Coughlin
5718:Old Senate Chamber
5584:VP Bust Collection
5408:United States Code
5340:Jefferson Building
5033:Cap. Guide Service
4900:Divided government
4817:Seal of the Senate
4781:Select and special
4746:Discharge petition
4699:Tie-breaking votes
4664:Recess appointment
4604:Advice and consent
4484:Discharge petition
4427:Appropriation bill
4336:Declaration of war
3528:Non-voting members
2953:chaplain.house.gov
2770:2011-08-16 at the
2622:2011-09-10 at the
2304:
2270:Margaret G. Kibben
2216:Daniel P. Coughlin
2042:Samuel W. Haddaway
1872:John George Butler
1845:Charles B. Boynton
1790:Thomas H. Stockton
1579:December 16, 1843
1557:December 14, 1842
1530:December 13, 1841
1481:December 15, 1840
1437:December 11, 1837
1392:Oliver C. Comstock
1388:December 20, 1836
1364:Thomas H. Stockton
1360:December 24, 1835
1338:December 10, 1834
1314:Thomas H. Stockton
1288:December 12, 1832
1265:December 13, 1831
1242:December 13, 1830
1143:December 10, 1821
1121:November 16, 1820
989:November 13, 1811
889:November 30, 1804
867:December 10, 1801
847:November 27, 1800
793:December 10, 1790
713:
640:Murray v. Buchanan
525:every other week.
361:Alexander Hamilton
314:
251:
231:Margaret G. Kibben
62:Margaret G. Kibben
5775:
5774:
5771:
5770:
5767:
5766:
5684:
5683:
5488:Statue of Freedom
5452:Statue of Freedom
5431:Brumidi Corridors
5403:Statutes at Large
5357:Publishing Office
5280:
5279:
5140:
5139:
4963:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4913:
4912:
4861:election disputes
4849:speaker elections
4812:Mace of the House
4659:Presiding Officer
4624:Executive session
4571:Unanimous consent
4531:Multiple referral
4516:Lame-duck session
4286:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4212:
4211:
4012:Ethnic and racial
3956:
3955:
3943:Democratic Caucus
3866:Democratic Caucus
3818:
3817:
3398:
3397:
2907:candst.tripod.com
2856:978-0-8050-8009-4
2647:legacy.c-span.org
2468:
2467:
2414:Congregationalist
2332:
2331:
2289:
2288:
2243:Patrick J. Conroy
2185:January 15, 1979
2163:January 10, 1967
2082:December 2, 1895
2060:December 4, 1893
2030:Also Nos. 36, 41
2010:December 7, 1885
1988:December 3, 1883
1966:December 5, 1881
1939:December 3, 1877
1917:October 15, 1877
1895:December 6, 1875
1857:Congregationalist
1841:December 4, 1865
1814:December 7, 1863
1806:Also Nos. 23, 25
1760:Also Nos. 36, 51
1740:December 5, 1853
1718:December 6, 1852
1696:December 1, 1851
1673:December 6, 1847
1651:December 7, 1846
1623:December 1, 1845
1601:December 4, 1844
1485:Thomas W. Braxton
1470:Congregationalist
1459:February 4, 1840
1380:Also Nos. 23, 42
1330:Also Nos. 25, 42
1310:December 9, 1833
1219:December 9, 1824
1192:December 8, 1823
1170:December 5, 1822
1094:December 5, 1816
1067:December 7, 1815
1011:November 6, 1812
933:October 30, 1807
911:December 4, 1806
871:William Parkinson
820:November 5, 1792
644:Marsh v. Chambers
636:Marsh v. Chambers
566:Constitutionality
357:Benjamin Franklin
342:Church of England
247:George Washington
132:
131:
16:(Redirected from
5805:
5601:
5600:
5418:Capitol Building
5392:U.S. Gov. Manual
5345:Madison Building
5308:Copyright Office
5272:Sergeant at Arms
5230:Floor Operations
5149:
5148:
5071:
5070:
4987:
4986:
4969:
4968:
4832:
4831:
4649:Morning business
4536:House procedures
4499:Joint resolution
4303:
4302:
4292:
4291:
4172:Buddhist members
3991:
3990:
3827:
3826:
3649:Switched parties
3596:Switched parties
3533:Unseated members
3523:Youngest members
3503:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3483:
3482:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3402:
3401:
3386:
3385:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3035:
3034:
3010:
3009:
3000:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2962:
2956:
2950:
2944:
2938:
2932:
2926:
2911:
2910:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2810:
2799:
2798:
2786:
2775:
2765:lummis.house.gov
2762:
2756:
2755:
2738:
2732:
2726:
2720:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2690:
2678:Byrd, Robert C.,
2676:
2665:
2659:
2650:
2644:
2627:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2570:
2545:
2544:
2530:
2495:
2492:
2334:
2333:
2306:
2303:
2278:
2266:January 3, 2021
2251:
2224:
2197:
2148:
2140:Bernard Braskamp
2136:January 3, 1950
2121:
2094:
2022:
1951:
1880:
1853:
1826:
1798:
1752:
1700:Lyttleton Morgan
1635:
1583:Isaac S. Tinsley
1542:
1515:
1400:
1372:
1322:
1204:
1155:
1106:
1079:
1051:
1023:
993:Nicholas Snethen
973:
945:
832:
805:
778:
743:
738:
737:
697:Current chaplain
505:The election of
495:
481:
421:
407:
177:William Bankhead
168:
142:
56:
42:
30:
29:
21:
5813:
5812:
5808:
5807:
5806:
5804:
5803:
5802:
5778:
5777:
5776:
5763:
5742:
5690:
5680:
5634:
5595:
5588:
5465:Hall of Columns
5412:
5356:
5349:
5287:
5276:
5257:Parliamentarian
5198:
5189:Parliamentarian
5136:
5095:
5062:
4991:
4981:
4974:Capitol Complex
4955:
4909:
4905:Party divisions
4821:
4795:
4713:
4597:Senate-specific
4592:
4447:Closed sessions
4415:Act of Congress
4403:
4377:
4373:Taxing/spending
4297:
4278:
4269:Party switchers
4238:Died in office
4208:
4160:
4144:
4113:Equality Caucus
4096:
4068:Hispanic Caucus
4007:
3982:
3952:
3909:
3814:
3658:
3600:
3537:
3490:
3477:
3434:
3429:
3399:
3394:
3387:
3383:
3378:
3070:
3062:
3025:
3007:
3003:
2994:
2990:
2982:
2978:
2963:
2959:
2951:
2947:
2939:
2935:
2927:
2914:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2888:
2886:
2868:
2864:
2857:
2841:
2837:
2824:
2822:
2811:
2802:
2787:
2778:
2772:Wayback Machine
2763:
2759:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2706:
2693:
2687:Wayback Machine
2677:
2668:
2662:www.ifapray.org
2660:
2653:
2645:
2630:
2624:Wayback Machine
2615:
2611:
2603:
2599:
2591:
2584:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2548:
2532:
2531:
2498:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2473:
2294:
2212:March 23, 2000
2167:Edward G. Latch
2109:April 11, 1921
2086:Henry N. Couden
2064:Edward B. Bagby
2038:August 7, 1893
1643:Also Nos.41,51
1419:Septimus Tustin
1292:William Hammett
1098:Burgiss Allison
733:
705:
699:
666:
626:created by the
620:
611:
585:
568:
556:
503:
502:
501:
500:
499:
496:
487:
486:
485:
482:
471:
434:
429:
428:
427:
426:
425:
422:
413:
412:
411:
408:
306:
274:Capitol Rotunda
239:
188:
187:
186:
185:
184:
171:House Chaplain
169:
160:
159:
158:
143:
88:
67:
65:
64:
60:
57:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5811:
5801:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5773:
5772:
5769:
5768:
5765:
5764:
5762:
5761:
5756:
5750:
5748:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5713:Senate chamber
5710:
5705:
5700:
5698:Botanic Garden
5694:
5692:
5686:
5685:
5682:
5681:
5679:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5651:office lottery
5648:
5642:
5640:
5636:
5635:
5633:
5632:
5627:
5626:
5625:
5613:
5607:
5605:
5598:
5590:
5589:
5587:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5569:
5562:
5559:Columbus Doors
5555:
5548:
5541:
5534:
5527:
5520:
5513:
5506:
5499:
5491:
5484:
5477:
5475:Visitor Center
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5422:
5420:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5388:
5381:
5374:
5367:
5365:Public Printer
5361:
5359:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5335:Adams Building
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5305:
5304:
5303:
5292:
5290:
5282:
5281:
5278:
5277:
5275:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5253:
5252:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5206:
5204:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5155:
5153:
5146:
5142:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5103:
5101:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5077:
5075:
5068:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5029:
5028:
5018:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5001:
4995:
4993:
4983:
4982:
4965:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4953:
4946:
4939:
4932:
4927:
4921:
4919:
4915:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4863:
4856:Senate history
4853:
4852:
4851:
4846:
4835:
4829:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4803:
4801:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4731:ranking member
4723:
4721:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4694:Standing Rules
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4669:Reconciliation
4666:
4661:
4656:
4654:Nuclear option
4651:
4646:
4643:Senate Journal
4639:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4600:
4598:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4589:
4588:
4583:
4581:Line-item veto
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4546:Reconciliation
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4512:
4511:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4454:
4444:
4439:
4437:Budget process
4434:
4429:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4411:
4409:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4385:
4383:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4358:Naturalization
4355:
4354:
4353:
4348:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4320:
4315:
4309:
4307:
4299:
4298:
4288:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4220:
4218:
4214:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4199:
4197:Quaker members
4194:
4192:Muslim members
4189:
4184:
4182:Jewish members
4179:
4174:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4104:
4102:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4088:
4087:
4080:Jewish members
4077:
4076:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4055:
4054:
4053:
4043:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4005:
3999:
3997:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3978:Gerrymandering
3975:
3970:
3964:
3962:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3917:
3915:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3863:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3833:
3831:
3824:
3820:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3509:
3507:
3500:
3492:
3491:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3475:
3470:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3428:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3405:
3396:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3061:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3024:
3023:External links
3021:
3020:
3019:
3002:
3001:
2988:
2976:
2957:
2945:
2933:
2912:
2894:
2862:
2855:
2835:
2813:Duché, Jacob.
2800:
2776:
2757:
2747:David Norcross
2733:
2721:
2712:
2691:
2666:
2651:
2628:
2609:
2597:
2593:www.senate.gov
2582:
2546:
2496:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2436:Roman Catholic
2433:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2279:
2272:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2255:Roman Catholic
2252:
2245:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2228:Roman Catholic
2225:
2218:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2198:
2191:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2171:
2169:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2149:
2142:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2122:
2115:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2095:
2088:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2068:
2066:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2046:
2044:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2023:
2016:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1952:
1945:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1925:
1923:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1881:
1874:
1869:
1868:March 4, 1869
1866:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1854:
1847:
1842:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1827:
1820:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1799:
1792:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1768:March 4, 1855
1766:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1753:
1746:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1726:
1724:
1722:James Gallaher
1719:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1681:
1679:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1659:
1657:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1636:
1629:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1609:
1607:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1543:
1536:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1516:
1509:
1507:John W. French
1504:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1489:
1487:
1482:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1423:
1421:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1401:
1394:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1373:
1366:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1346:
1344:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1323:
1316:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1296:
1294:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1273:
1271:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1250:
1248:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1205:
1198:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1149:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1107:
1100:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1080:
1073:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1052:
1045:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1024:
1017:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1004:
1002:
997:
995:
990:
987:
983:
982:
979:
974:
967:
962:
959:
955:
954:
951:
946:
939:
934:
931:
927:
926:
924:
919:
917:
915:Robert Elliott
912:
909:
905:
904:
902:
897:
895:
890:
887:
883:
882:
880:
875:
873:
868:
865:
861:
860:
858:
853:
851:
848:
845:
841:
840:
838:
833:
826:
821:
818:
814:
813:
811:
806:
799:
794:
791:
787:
786:
784:
779:
772:
767:
764:
760:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
732:
729:
701:Main article:
698:
695:
665:
662:
619:
616:
610:
609:1857 challenge
607:
584:
581:
577:Bill of Rights
567:
564:
555:
552:
497:
490:
489:
488:
483:
476:
475:
474:
473:
472:
470:
467:
466:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
433:
430:
423:
416:
415:
414:
409:
402:
401:
400:
399:
398:
378:Bill of Rights
305:
304:Opening prayer
302:
238:
235:
170:
163:
162:
161:
145:House Speaker
144:
137:
136:
135:
134:
133:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
105:
101:
100:
97:
91:
90:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
58:
51:
50:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5810:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5785:
5783:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5751:
5749:
5745:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5687:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5637:
5631:
5628:
5624:
5623:
5619:
5618:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5608:
5606:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5591:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5574:
5570:
5568:
5567:
5563:
5561:
5560:
5556:
5554:
5553:
5549:
5547:
5546:
5542:
5540:
5539:
5535:
5533:
5532:
5528:
5526:
5525:
5521:
5519:
5518:
5514:
5512:
5511:
5507:
5505:
5504:
5500:
5498:
5496:
5492:
5490:
5489:
5485:
5483:
5482:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5470:Statuary Hall
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5454:
5453:
5449:
5448:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5419:
5415:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5393:
5389:
5387:
5386:
5382:
5380:
5379:
5375:
5373:
5372:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5352:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5325:Poet Laureate
5323:
5321:
5318:
5314:
5311:
5310:
5309:
5306:
5302:
5299:
5298:
5297:
5294:
5293:
5291:
5289:
5283:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5267:Reading Clerk
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5251:
5248:
5247:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5207:
5205:
5201:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5150:
5147:
5143:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5107:Congr. Ethics
5105:
5104:
5102:
5098:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5072:
5069:
5065:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4988:
4984:
4979:
4975:
4970:
4966:
4952:
4951:
4947:
4945:
4944:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4916:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4895:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4854:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4840:
4839:House history
4837:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4824:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4798:
4792:
4791:Subcommittees
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4776:List (Senate)
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4720:
4716:
4710:
4709:Treaty Clause
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4595:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4504:Joint session
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4489:Enrolled bill
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4380:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4293:
4289:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4205:
4204:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4177:Hindu members
4175:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4139:
4138:current House
4136:
4134:
4133:Issues Caucus
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4099:
4093:
4090:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4081:
4078:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4056:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4010:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3985:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3973:Apportionment
3971:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3825:
3821:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3484:
3480:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3465: →
3464:
3461: ←
3460:
3456:
3454:
3453:Joint session
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3433:
3426:
3421:
3419:
3414:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3390:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3069:
3066:
3059:
3054:
3052:
3047:
3045:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3018:
3015:from the
3014:
3005:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2985:
2980:
2972:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2949:
2942:
2937:
2930:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2908:
2904:
2898:
2884:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2866:
2858:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2839:
2832:
2820:
2816:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2796:
2792:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2761:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2743:
2737:
2730:
2725:
2716:
2709:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2663:
2658:
2656:
2648:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2613:
2606:
2601:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2575:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2542:
2538:
2537:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2491:
2487:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2446:
2445:
2435:
2434:
2424:
2423:
2413:
2412:
2402:
2401:
2391:
2390:
2380:
2379:
2369:
2368:
2358:
2357:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2337:Denomination
2336:
2335:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2299:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:May 25, 2011
2238:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2190:
2189:James D. Ford
2187:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1944:
1943:W.P. Harrison
1941:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:July 4, 1861
1785:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:June 9, 1841
1502:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1441:Levi R. Reese
1439:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
994:
991:
988:
985:
984:
980:
978:
975:
972:
968:
966:
963:
961:May 27, 1809
960:
957:
956:
952:
950:
947:
944:
940:
938:
935:
932:
929:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
916:
913:
910:
907:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
894:
891:
888:
885:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
872:
869:
866:
863:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
850:Thomas Lyell
849:
846:
843:
842:
839:
837:
834:
831:
827:
825:
822:
819:
816:
815:
812:
810:
807:
804:
800:
798:
795:
792:
789:
788:
785:
783:
780:
777:
773:
771:
768:
765:
762:
761:
757:
755:Denomination
754:
751:
748:
745:
740:
739:
736:
728:
726:
722:
718:
709:
704:
694:
692:
687:
685:
681:
675:
672:
664:Controversies
660:
655:
653:
647:
645:
641:
637:
631:
629:
625:
615:
605:
601:
597:
593:
590:
589:James Madison
580:
578:
574:
563:
560:
551:
548:
545:
543:
542:ironclad oath
538:
536:
535:34th Congress
530:
526:
524:
523:House chamber
519:
514:
512:
508:
494:
480:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
438:
437:
420:
406:
397:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
374:James Madison
369:
365:
362:
358:
354:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
330:John Rutledge
327:
323:
318:
310:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
281:
279:
275:
270:
268:
264:
258:
255:
248:
243:
234:
232:
227:
223:
219:
216:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
182:
178:
174:
167:
156:
152:
148:
141:
128:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
106:
102:
98:
96:
92:
87:
84:
80:
77:
74:
70:
63:
55:
48:
41:
36:
31:
19:
5754:Capitol Hill
5620:
5571:
5564:
5557:
5550:
5543:
5536:
5529:
5522:
5515:
5508:
5501:
5494:
5486:
5479:
5450:
5390:
5383:
5376:
5369:
5209:
4978:Capitol Hill
4948:
4941:
4934:
4893:
4771:List (House)
4766:List (Joint)
4736:Of the Whole
4642:
4635:
4634:Jefferson's
4521:Magic minute
4274:Slave owners
4257:2000–present
4203:Sikh members
4201:
4108:LGBT members
4034:Black Caucus
3810:118th (2023)
3805:117th (2021)
3800:116th (2019)
3795:115th (2017)
3790:114th (2015)
3785:113th (2013)
3780:112th (2011)
3775:111th (2009)
3770:110th (2007)
3765:109th (2005)
3760:108th (2003)
3755:107th (2001)
3750:106th (1999)
3745:105th (1997)
3740:104th (1995)
3735:103rd (1993)
3730:102nd (1991)
3725:101st (1989)
3720:100th (1987)
3159:Brackenridge
3067:
2991:
2979:
2970:
2960:
2948:
2936:
2906:
2897:
2887:, retrieved
2872:
2865:
2845:
2838:
2829:
2823:. Retrieved
2818:
2794:
2760:
2745:
2736:
2724:
2715:
2612:
2600:
2535:
2490:
2447:Universalist
2381:Episcopalian
2359:Presbyterian
2295:
2292:Demographics
2282:Presbyterian
2152:Presbyterian
2098:Universalist
1999:Episcopalian
1906:Episcopalian
1729:Presbyterian
1688:Also No. 20
1684:Presbyterian
1662:Presbyterian
1568:Episcopalian
1519:Episcopalian
1463:Joshua Bates
1426:Presbyterian
1349:Presbyterian
1280:Also No. 19
1276:Presbyterian
1257:Also No. 38
1253:Presbyterian
1230:Presbyterian
1181:Presbyterian
1147:Jared Sparks
1132:Presbyterian
981:Also No. 11
953:Also No. 12
922:Presbyterian
900:Presbyterian
893:James Laurie
836:Presbyterian
824:Ashbel Green
809:Presbyterian
797:Samuel Blair
782:Presbyterian
770:William Linn
766:May 1, 1789
734:
721:Nancy Pelosi
717:Presbyterian
714:
688:
680:bucket shops
676:
667:
657:
649:
643:
639:
635:
633:
621:
612:
602:
598:
595:
586:
569:
561:
557:
549:
546:
539:
531:
527:
518:William Linn
515:
507:William Linn
504:
435:
394:
370:
366:
350:
334:Samuel Adams
319:
315:
282:
271:
259:
256:
252:
228:
224:
220:
212:
191:
189:
175:and Speaker
151:Nancy Pelosi
147:John Boehner
127:William Linn
123:First holder
5728:Power Plant
5320:Law Library
5021:Cap. Police
4990:Legislative
4679:Senate hold
4586:Pocket veto
4561:Sponsorship
4541:Quorum call
4341:Impeachment
3715:99th (1985)
3710:98th (1983)
3705:97th (1981)
3700:96th (1979)
3695:95th (1977)
3690:94th (1975)
3685:93rd (1973)
3680:92nd (1971)
3675:91st (1969)
3670:90th (1967)
3663:New members
1269:Reuben Post
1234:Also No.21
1223:Reuben Post
1059:Also No. 8
1031:Also No. 9
650:In 2000, a
618:Court cases
338:Jacob Duché
278:Sam Rayburn
263:White House
118:May 1, 1789
95:Term length
5782:Categories
5691:facilities
5398:Serial Set
5286:Library of
5262:Postmaster
5225:Doorkeeper
5086:Historical
4741:Conference
4719:Committees
4704:Traditions
4629:Filibuster
4382:Privileges
4156:Physicians
4149:Occupation
3898:Vice-Chair
3499:Membership
3344:Montgomery
2889:2023-05-18
2825:2023-05-18
1921:John Poise
624:CRS Report
587:President
5666:Longworth
5596:buildings
5579:VP's Room
5240:Historian
5179:Librarian
5174:Historian
5159:Secretary
5145:Employees
4950:Roll Call
4761:Oversight
4689:Seniority
4556:Saxbe fix
4494:Expulsion
4408:Procedure
4346:Inquiries
4326:(Dormant)
4318:Copyright
4313:Article I
4252:1950–1999
4247:1900–1949
4242:1790–1899
3961:Districts
3876:Secretary
3837:President
3617:seniority
3591:Appointed
3554:seniority
3099:Parkinson
3065:Chaplains
2403:Unitarian
2348:Methodist
2174:Methodist
2125:Methodist
2049:Methodist
2026:Methodist
1955:Methodist
1928:Methodist
1830:Unitarian
1802:Methodist
1756:Methodist
1707:Methodist
1639:Methodist
1612:Methodist
1546:Methodist
1448:Methodist
1376:Methodist
1326:Methodist
1299:Methodist
1208:Methodist
1159:Unitarian
1027:Methodist
1015:Jesse Lee
1000:Methodist
977:Methodist
965:Jesse Lee
856:Methodist
749:Chaplain
554:Selection
390:Catholics
222:members.
115:Formation
82:Appointer
59:Incumbent
5497:painting
5288:Congress
5210:Chaplain
5164:Chaplain
4943:Politico
4936:The Hill
4786:Standing
4751:Hearings
4727:Chairman
4399:Immunity
4394:Franking
4389:Salaries
4323:Commerce
4165:Religion
3586:Resigned
3364:Coughlin
3349:Braskamp
3329:Haddaway
3309:Harrison
3299:Townsend
3284:Channing
3279:Stockton
3269:Gallaher
3199:Comstock
3194:Stockton
3184:Stockton
3149:Campbell
2768:Archived
2683:Archived
2620:Archived
2471:See also
2392:Lutheran
2201:Lutheran
1884:Lutheran
575:and its
326:John Jay
294:Hinduism
208:chaplain
179:welcome
76:Chaplain
5747:Related
5676:Rayburn
5671:O'Neill
5630:Russell
5611:Dirksen
5460:Rotunda
5301:reports
5169:Curator
5132:Library
5091:Library
5081:Curator
5067:Offices
4992:offices
4866:memoirs
4844:memoirs
4827:History
4614:Classes
4464:Cloture
4442:Censure
4217:Related
3933:Leaders
3921:Speaker
3861:Leaders
3823:Leaders
3612:Members
3576:Classes
3549:Members
3506:Members
3324:Milburn
3319:Lindsay
3289:Boynton
3274:Milburn
3249:Milburn
3239:Tinsley
3234:Tiffany
3229:Maffitt
3219:Braxton
3144:Allison
3124:Snethen
3109:Elliott
2370:Baptist
2325:Female
2309:Gender
1590:Baptist
1492:Baptist
1404:Baptist
1110:Baptist
1083:Baptist
1055:Baptist
949:Baptist
878:Baptist
583:Madison
469:History
386:Quakers
355:. When
298:Sikhism
286:Judaism
5738:Subway
5656:Cannon
5604:Senate
5594:Office
5330:THOMAS
5152:Senate
5074:Senate
4925:C-SPAN
4807:Gavels
4756:Markup
4636:Manual
4457:Senate
4306:Powers
4123:Senate
4119:Women
4024:Senate
3987:Groups
3830:Senate
3629:Former
3566:Former
3542:Senate
3448:Senate
3374:Kibben
3369:Conroy
3339:Couden
3294:Butler
3264:Morgan
3259:Gurley
3254:Sprole
3224:French
3204:Tustin
3174:Gurley
3164:Bascom
3154:Sparks
3104:Laurie
2853:
2543:–3178.
2340:Count
2312:Count
2298:median
758:Notes
752:Photo
652:C-SPAN
296:, and
237:Duties
200:prayer
5689:Other
5639:House
5441:Crypt
5250:Board
5245:Pages
5220:Clerk
5203:House
5184:Pages
5100:House
5026:Board
4918:Media
4800:Items
4551:Rider
4452:House
4351:Trial
4128:House
4029:House
3914:House
3893:Chair
3871:Chair
3605:House
3467:119th
3463:118th
3459:117th
3354:Latch
3334:Bagby
3314:Power
3304:Poise
3244:Daily
3214:Bates
3209:Reese
3189:Smith
3134:Brown
3114:Brown
3094:Lyell
3089:Green
3084:Blair
2577:(PDF)
2464:2021
2458:Total
2453:1895
2442:2011
2431:1893
2420:1865
2409:1863
2398:1979
2387:1883
2376:1843
2365:2021
2354:1967
2317:Male
1771:None
290:Islam
5661:Ford
5616:Hart
5446:Dome
5355:Gov.
4729:and
4576:Veto
4509:list
4432:Bill
4420:list
4063:list
3968:List
3926:list
3854:list
3842:list
3624:Dean
3561:Dean
3359:Ford
3179:Post
3169:Post
3139:Cone
3079:Linn
2851:ISBN
2541:3176
2263:61.
2236:60.
2209:59.
2182:58.
2160:57.
2133:56.
2106:55.
2079:54.
2057:53.
2035:52.
2007:51.
1985:50.
1963:49.
1936:48.
1914:47.
1892:46.
1865:45.
1838:44.
1811:43.
1783:42.
1776:N/A
1765:N/A
1737:41.
1715:40.
1693:39.
1670:38.
1648:37.
1620:36.
1598:35.
1576:34.
1554:33.
1527:32.
1500:31.
1478:30.
1456:29.
1434:28.
1412:27.
1385:26.
1357:25.
1335:24.
1307:23.
1285:22.
1262:21.
1239:20.
1216:19.
1189:18.
1167:17.
1140:16.
1118:15.
1091:14.
1064:13.
1036:12.
1008:11.
986:10.
388:and
328:and
213:The
190:The
72:Type
3129:Lee
3119:Lee
2971:NPR
2878:doi
2320:52
958:9.
930:8.
908:7.
886:6.
864:5.
844:4.
817:3.
790:2.
763:1.
742:No.
5784::
2969:.
2915:^
2905:.
2828:.
2817:.
2803:^
2793:.
2779:^
2749:,
2744:.
2694:^
2669:^
2654:^
2631:^
2585:^
2549:^
2499:^
2461:53
2362:15
2351:16
2328:1
723:,
380:'
292:,
288:,
4980:)
4976:(
3469:)
3457:(
3424:e
3417:t
3410:v
3057:e
3050:t
3043:v
2973:.
2909:.
2880::
2859:.
2754:.
2579:.
2450:1
2439:2
2428:2
2417:2
2406:2
2395:2
2384:4
2373:7
678:'
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
