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involvement of Vince Foster and Harry
Thomason. "Foster regularly informed me that the First Lady was concerned and desired action. The action desired was the firing of the Travel Office staff." Written in fall 1993, apparently intended for McLarty, the Watkins memo also said "we both know that there would be hell to pay" if "we failed to take swift and decisive action in conformity with the First Lady's wishes." This memo contradicted the First Lady's previous statements in the GAO investigation, that she had played no role in the firings and had not consulted with Thomason beforehand. The White House also found it difficult to explain why the memo was so late in surfacing when all the previous investigations had requested all relevant materials. House committee chair Clinger charged a
432:, who called for an independent investigation. As Chief of Staff McLarty personally apologized to the fired Travel Office employees—some of whom had all their personal documents and travel photographs related to years of service thrown out during the firing process—and said they would be given other jobs (which five of them were; Dale and his assistant director retired.) The White House report also contained the initial indications of the First Lady's involvement in the firings, saying that she had taken an interest in the Travel Office's alleged mismanagement and had been informed two days in advance that the firings would take place. There was no indication of involvement from President Clinton himself, although he had earlier taken broad public responsibility for what had happened.
604:
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saying that the First Lady had told
Watkins to "fire the sons of bitches." Ray cited eight separate conversations between the First Lady and senior staff and concluded: "Mrs. Clinton’s input into the process was significant, if not the significant factor influencing the pace of events in the Travel Office firings and the ultimate decision to fire the employees." Moreover, Ray determined Hillary Clinton had given "factually false" testimony when questioned by the GAO, the Independent Counsel, and Congress about the travel office firings, but reiterated that "the evidence was insufficient to prove beyond a reasonable doubt" that she knew her statements were false or understood that they may have prompted the firings.
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office affair, more than any other investigation. The report's chapter titles were lurid: "The White House
Stonewalled All Investigations into the White House Travel Office Firings and Related Matters", "The White House Initiated a Full-Scale Campaign of Misinformation in the Aftermath of the Travel Office Firings and President Clinton Led the Misinformation Campaign from the First Days of the Travelgate Debacle", "Foster's Death Shattered a White House Just Recovering from an Abysmal First 6 Months of Administration", and so forth. Democratic members of the Committee walked out in protest over the report, with ranking member
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565:, charged with wrongfully depositing into his own bank account $ 68,000 in checks from media organizations traveling with the president during the period between 1988 and 1991. He faced up to 20 years in prison if convicted. Dale's attorneys conceded that funds had been co-mingled, but stated that Dale had not stolen anything but rather used the monies for the substantial tips and off-the-book payments that the job required, especially in foreign countries, and that anything left over was used as a discount against future trips.
699:, which had begun the previous year, issued its findings in a majority report on June 18, 1996; it did not investigate Travelgate directly, but did say that " Clinton, upon learning of Foster's death, at least realized its connection to Travelgate scandal, and perhaps to the Whitewater matter, and dispatched her trusted lieutenants to contain any potential embarrassment or political damage." Minority Democratic members of the Committee derided these findings as "a legislative travesty," "a witch hunt," and "a political game."
338:, a friend of both Clintons, and his business partner, Darnell Martens, were looking to get their air charter company, TRM, the White House business in place of Airline of the Americas. The Clinton campaign had been TRM's sole client during 1992, collecting commissions from booking charter flights for the campaign. Martens wanted the White House to award TRM a $ 500,000 contract for an aircraft audit, while also seeking Travel Office charter business as an intermediary which did not own any planes.
443:. In his torn-up resignation note from a few days before, he wrote "No one in The White House, to my knowledge, violated any law or standard of conduct, including any action in the Travel Office. There was no intent to benefit any individual or specific group. The press is covering up the illegal benefits they received from the travel staff". (In the last part, Foster may have been referring to lax customs treatment by the Travel Office of goods brought back from foreign trips by reporters.)
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potential business interests involved, had possibly influenced the decision. Moreover, the GAO report indicated that the First Lady played a larger role than previously thought before the firings, with
Watkins saying she had urged "that action be taken to get 'our people' into the travel office." The First Lady, who had given a written statement to the inquiry, said she did "not recall this conversation with the same level of detail as Mr. Watkins."
729:
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886:'Travelgate'... was perhaps worthy of a two- or three-week life span; instead, in a partisan political climate, it became the first manifestation of an obsession for investigation that persisted into the next millennium." Many in the Clinton inner circle would always believe that political motivations had been behind the investigation, including an attempt to derail Hillary Clinton's role in the
638:, who had endorsed Bill Clinton in the previous election, wrote that many Americans were coming to the "sad realization that our First Lady—a woman of undoubted talents who was a role model for many in her generation—is a congenital liar" who "has never been called to account for lying herself or in suborning lying in her aides and friends," followed by White House Press Secretary
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contrary to her statements, "ultimately influenced" the decision to fire the employees. However, "the evidence was insufficient to prove to a jury beyond a reasonable doubt that any of Mrs. Clinton's statements and testimony regarding her involvement in the travel office firings were knowingly false," and thus prosecution was declined. White House press secretary
814:, Hillary Clinton's lawyer, said that Ray's words were "highly unfair and misleading" and that Ray's conclusions were inconsistent, that evidence regarding her innocence had been buried in the document, and that the report confirmed that her fears about financial improprieties in the Travel Office were warranted. On the other hand,
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allowing friends of the
Clintons to become involved in a matter with which they had a business stake. It said that the employees should instead have been placed on administrative leave. However, the White House said no illegal actions had occurred, and no officials would be terminated; this did not satisfy Senate Minority Leader
345:(FBI), since on May 12, 1993, a week before the firings, associate White House counsel William Kennedy had requested that the FBI look into possible improprieties in the Travel Office operation. FBI agents went there and, although initially reluctant, authorized a preliminary investigation. Deputy White House Counsel
482:, Foster, and indirectly the travel office matter. On July 22, 1995, Hillary Clinton gave a deposition under oath to the Independent Counsel that touched on travel office questions; she denied having had a role in the firings, but was unable to recall many specifics of conversations with Foster and Watkins.
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testified as character witnesses on Dale's behalf. Much of the trial focused on the details of the movement of Travel Office funds into Dale's personal account, and not on the political overtones of the case. The jury acquitted Dale of both charges on
November 16, 1995, following less than two hours
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The
Congressional investigation continued; on March 21, 1996, Hillary Clinton submitted a deposition under oath to the House Government Reform and Oversight Committee, again acknowledging concern about irregularities in the Travel Office but denying a direct role in the firings and expressing a lack
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termed "strikingly self-critical". Co-written by Chief of Staff McLarty, it criticized five White House officials, included McLarty himself, Watkins, Kennedy, Cornelius, and another, for dismissing the Travel Office members improperly, for appearing to pressure the FBI into its involvement, and for
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became an important
Supreme Court decision. The length, expense, and results of the Travelgate and the other investigations grouped under the Whitewater umbrella turned much of the public against the Independent Counsel mechanism. As such, the Independent Counsel law expired in 1999, with critics
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calling it "an embarrassment to you , this committee and this
Congress" and "a crassly partisan smear campaign against President Clinton, Mrs. Clinton and this administration." The following month Clinger forwarded the report, along with one on Filegate, to the Independent Counsel, suggesting that
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The House
Government Reform and Oversight Committee issued its majority report on September 18, 1996, in which it accused the Clinton administration of having obstructed the committee's efforts to investigate the Travelgate scandal. It portrayed Bill Clinton as being heavily involved in the travel
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became worried about the firings about to take place and ordered the KPMG Peat Marwick review, asking the FBI to hold off in the meantime. The accounting review started on May 14 and the report was given to the White House on May 17. KPMG was unable to do an actual audit, because there were so few
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Ray's full 243-page report was unsealed and made public on October 18, 2000, three weeks before the Senatorial election. It confirmed that neither Hillary Clinton nor David Watkins would be indicted. It included some new detail, including a somewhat unsubstantiated claim from a friend of Watkins
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The travel office affair quickly became the first major ethics controversy of the Clinton presidency and an embarrassment for the new administration. Criticism from political opponents and especially the news media became intense; the White House was later described as having been "paralyzed for a
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thus decided to fire the Travel Office staff and reorganize it. The actual terminations were done on May 19, 1993, by White House director of administration David Watkins. There was also a feeling among the White House and its supporters that the Travel Office had never been investigated by the
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over charges related to the Lewinsky scandal. Here, for the first time, Starr exonerated President Clinton of complicity in the travel office affair, saying that while investigations were not complete, "the president was not involved in our... investigation." (Starr also chose this occasion to
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On June 23, 2000, the suspense ended when Ray submitted the final Independent Counsel report on the travel office affair under seal to the judicial panel in charge of the investigation and publicly announced that he would seek no criminal charges against Hillary Clinton. Ray said that she had,
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Meanwhile, the FBI investigation of the Travel Office practices themselves continued, soon focusing on Travel Office Director Billy Dale. who was charged with embezzlement but found not guilty in 1995. During the summer of 1993, the other staffers of the office were informed that they were no
1367:"Final Report of the Independent Counsel ... of Matters Related to the White House Travel office" – Business Entities and Campaign Staff that Provided Travel Services to the Clinton-Gore Campaign and the Press Covering the Campaign Wanted to Provide Travel Services to the Clinton Administration
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expand his inquiry to specifically include the travel office affair, in particular allegations that White House employees had lied about Hillary Clinton's role in the firings, and that David Watkins or Hillary Clinton had made false statements in previous testimony to the GAO, Congress, or the
595:
On January 5, 1996, a new development thrust the travel office matter again to the forefront. A two-year-old memo from White House director of administration David Watkins surfaced that identified First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton as the motivating force behind the firings, with the additional
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investigate the firings; on May 2, 1994, the GAO concluded that the White House did have legal authority to terminate the Travel Office employees without cause, because they served at the pleasure of the president. However, it also concluded that Cornelius, Thomason, and Martens, who all had
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On June 5, 1996, Clinger announced that the committee's investigations had discovered that the White House had requested access to Billy Dale's FBI background check report seven months after the terminations, in what Clinger said was an improper effort to justify the firings. It was rapidly
544:
would claim that the magazine's early Travelgate stories provided useful material to the congressional investigations. In general, Clinton administration controversies such as Travelgate allowed opinion magazines and political debate television shows to attract subscribers and viewers.
198:
issued his final report on Travelgate. He sought no charges against her, saying that while some of Clinton's statements were factually false, there was insufficient evidence that these statements were either knowingly false or that she understood that her statements led to the firings.
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that audits are based upon. One KPMG representative later described the office as "an ungodly mess in terms of records" with ten years of material piled up in a closet. When the review came back with its reports of irregularities, Watkins went ahead with the terminations on May 19.
145:. It began in May 1993, when seven employees of the White House Travel Office were fired. This action was unusual because executive-branch employees typically remain in their posts for many years (even though they can be terminated by, and serve at the pleasure of, the President).
491:
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1394:"Final Report of the Independent Counsel ... of Matters Related to the White House Travel office" – Martens Complained to Thomason About His Rejection by the Travel Office, Which Ultimately Was Communicated to the President, First Lady, and Other Senior White House Staff
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Almost two years passed. Independent Counsel Starr continued his investigation. Starr wanted access to notes that Vince Foster's attorney took in a conversation with Foster about the travel office affair shortly before Foster's suicide, but on June 25, 1998, the
239:, and had seven employees with a yearly budget of $ 7 million. Staffers serve at the pleasure of the president; however, in practice, the staffers were career employees who in some cases had worked in the Travel Office since the 1960s and 1970s, through both
536:, which had a well-established animus towards the First Couple, focused on the Travelgate story as one of many Clinton-related matters it thought scandalous, describing it as "a story about influence-peddling and sleazy deal-making... in the Clinton White House".
522:, launched an investigation into the White House Travel Office firings. In October 1995, the committee began hearings on the matter; Clinger soon accused the White House of withholding pertinent documents and sought subpoenas to compel witnesses to appear.
853:
Opinions would differ over the legacy of the affair. Some agreed with Safire, who had said that Hillary Clinton was "a vindictive power player who used the FBI to ruin the lives of people standing in the way of juicy patronage." Conservative commentator
775:
clear President Clinton in the Filegate matter, and to say he had not committed impeachable wrongdoing in the Whitewater matter; Democrats on the committee immediately criticized Starr for withholding all these findings until after the
160:
to take over the travel business and that the involvement of the FBI was unwarranted. Heavy media attention forced the White House to reinstate most of the employees in other jobs and remove the Clinton associates from the travel role.
802:
was critical of Ray's statement: "By inappropriately characterizing the results of a legally sealed report through innuendo, the Office of Independent Counsel has further politicized an investigation that has dragged on far too long."
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led an unsuccessful attempt to block this measure. In May 1996, the seven filed a $ 35 million lawsuit against Harry Thomason and Darnell Martens, alleging unlawful interference with their employment and emotional distress.
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of recollection to a number of questions. A battle of wills took place between the legislative and executive branches. On May 9, 1996, President Clinton refused to turn over additional documents related to the matter, claiming
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794:, Clinton's then-opponent in the Senate race. Regardless, Ray vowed his investigation would have "no untoward effect on the political process." Ray was determined to wrap up the case before the end of Bill Clinton's term.
278:
According to the White House, the incoming Clinton administration had heard rumors of irregularities in the Travel Office and possible kickbacks to an office employee from a charter air company. They looked at a review by
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Bill Clinton later described the allegations and investigation as "a fraud", while in her 2003 autobiography Hillary Clinton gave short shrift to the matter, never mentioning Billy Dale by name and saying that
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discovered that the White House had additionally gotten improper access to hundreds of other FBI background reports, many on former White House employees in Republican administrations; thus was born the
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columnist Safire updated his description of Hillary Clinton to "habitual prevaricator", saying "the evidence that she has been lying all along is damning" and comparing her dark side to that of
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Meanwhile, the seven dismissed employees were back in the picture. In March 1996 the House voted 350–43 to reimburse them for all of their legal expenses; in September 1996, Democratic Senator
194:
Hillary Clinton gradually came under scrutiny for allegedly having played a central role in the firings and making false statements about her involvement therein. In 2000, Independent Counsel
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media due to its close relationship with press corps members and the plush accommodations it afforded them and favors it did for them. (Congress would later discover that in October 1988, a
258:, and had started in the Travel Office in 1961. To handle the frequent last-minute arrangements of presidential travel and the specialized requirements of the press, Dale did not conduct
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1617:"Final Report of the Independent Counsel ... of Matters Related to the White House Travel office" – Mrs. Clinton's Statements Regarding Her Involvement in the Travel Office Firings
511:
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On May 28, 1993, the FBI issued a report saying it had done nothing wrong in its contacts with the White House. (This conclusion was reiterated by a March 1994 report by the
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890:. But associate White House counsel William Kennedy would also later reflect that some of it was just "pure palpable hatred of the Clintons. It started and it never quit."
2006:
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The White House Travel Office, known officially as either the White House Travel and Telegraph Office or the White House Telegraph and Travel Office, dates back to the
267:
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The White House stated the firings were done because financial improprieties in the Travel Office operation during previous administrations had been revealed by an
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862:, in reference to Clinton's Travelgate phrase. However, these had little effect on Hillary Clinton's career, as she won the 2000 election to the Senate, won
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resolution against the president, and the White House partially backed down on May 30, surrendering 1,000 of the 3,000 documents the committee asked for.
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372:. Within three days of the firings, World Wide Travel voluntarily withdrew from the White House travel operation and were replaced on a temporary basis by
645:
As a result of the discovery of the Watkins memo, and based upon a suggestion from the Office of Independent Counsel, on March 20, 1996, Attorney General
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search conducted July 24, 2011, for the years 1993–2010 found about 10,000 hits for "White House" "travel office" and about 6,000 hits for "Travelgate".
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had endorsed Bill Clinton in 1992, but by 1996 he was the First Lady's most infamous critic and his nose a metaphorical target for the President's ire.
2004:"Final Report of the Independent Counsel... of Matters Related to the White House Travel office" – The Jurisdictional Grant to the Independent Counsel
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saying that "the President, if he were not the President, would have delivered a more forceful response to that—on the bridge of Mr. Safire's nose."
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tangentially investigated travel office events during the first half of 1994, as part of investigating the circumstances surrounding Foster's death.
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within the Travel Office had alleged financial improprieties; the Reagan White House counsel looked into the claim but took no action.)
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330:-based World Wide Travel, a company with a substantial reputation in the industry but with several ties to the Clintons. In addition,
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Catherine Cornelius, had sought the firings in order to get the business for themselves. Dale and his staff had been replaced with
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2359:"Final Report of the Independent Counsel... of Matters Related to the White House Travel office" – The Events of April–May 1993.
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1440:"Final Report of the Independent Counsel... of Matters Related to the White House Travel office" – The Events of April–May 1993
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Starr explicitly did not exonerate Hillary Clinton, however; her case remained unsettled. More time passed. By 2000, she was
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which discovered that Dale kept an off-book ledger, had $ 18,000 of unaccounted-for checks, and kept chaotic office records.
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Meanwhile, as a consequence of the FBI investigation, former Travel Office Director Billy Dale was indicted by a federal
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Travel Services. (Later, after a competitive bid, American Express received the permanent role to book press charters.)
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980:"Final Report of the Independent Counsel ... of Matters Related to the White House Travel office" – Introduction
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826:, her Republican opponent in the Senate election, said "We believe that character counts in public service."
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2332:"Final Report of the Independent Counsel... of Matters Related to the White House Travel office" – Findings
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investigation. Critics contended the firings were done to allow friends and campaign donors of President
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Travel Office Director Billy Ray Dale had held that position since 1982, serving through most of the
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Republicans and other critics saw the events differently. They alleged that friends of President
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House Report 104-849 – Investigation of the White House Travel Office Firings and Related Matters
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House Report 104-849 – Investigation of the White House Travel Office Firings and Related Matters
1999:
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822:, said the report "once again makes us question" the believability of Clinton, and Congressman
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exonerated President Clinton with respect to Travelgate, but not the First Lady, in late 1998.
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The travel office controversy was subsequently judged to have been a factor in Vince Foster's
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all took place over the subsequent years. Travel Office Director Billy Dale was charged with
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2557:"Final Report of the Independent Counsel of Matters Related to the White House Travel office"
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On July 2, 1993, the White House issued its own 80-page report on the firings, one that the
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saying it cost too much with too few results; even Kenneth Starr favored the law's demise.
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extends beyond the grave. In September 1998 Independent Counsel Starr released the famous
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records in the Travel Office that could be audited and because the office did not use the
8:
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759:, concerning offenses that may have been committed by President Clinton as part of the
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strong contender for the Democratic Party nomination in the 2008 presidential election
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These developments, following Hillary Clinton's prior disputed statements about her
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716:. Democrats said this was politically motivated in an attempt to influence the
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At the 13-day trial in October and November 1995, prominent journalists such as
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Starting in May 1993, Travelgate was the first major ethics controversy of the
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2387:"Ray: First lady's answers false in travel office probe, but no prosecution"
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2156:"Republican Report Stokes the Partisan Fires : Whitewater Unchained"
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2474:"Will D.C. Circuit Nominee's Conservative Credentials Be His Undoing?"
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1853:"104-484 Reimbursement of Former White House Travel Office Employees"
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The Clinton Crack-Up: The Boy President's Life After the White House
786:, and Starr had been replaced as Independent Counsel by prosecutor
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which switched Congress from Democratic to Republican control, the
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Historical Encyclopedia of U.S. Independent Counsel Investigations
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Historical Encyclopedia of U.S. Independent Counsel Investigations
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Historical Encyclopedia of U.S. Independent Counsel Investigations
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Not all investigations were by governmental bodies. The magazine
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2441:(Rochester, Indiana), October 19, 2000. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
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administration and serves to handle travel arrangements for the
1770:"Why We Couldn't Get Enough: Clinton's Legacy of Entertainment"
1640:"Clinton and Hollywood Producer Met on Contract, a Memo Shows"
1590:"Note Left by White House Aide: Accusation, Anger and Despair"
837:
Regardless, after 7½ years, Travelgate was finally over.
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The White House Travel Office was responsible for getting the
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the testimony of several witnesses be looked at for possible
2559:. Department of Justice, Independent Counsel. Archived from
2411:" New Criticism of First Lady In Final Travel Office Report"
2027:"Clinton Invokes Executive Privilege In Travel Office Probe"
1898:"Memo Places Hillary Clinton At Core of Travel Office Case"
1039:"For White House Travel Office, a Two-Year Trip of Trouble"
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but found not guilty in 1995. In 1998, Independent Counsel
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Fired White House travel office director acquitted at trial
2208:"High Court Upholds Attorney-Client Privilege After Death"
1656:"Clintons' Friend Threatened With Subpoena in Travel Case"
1505:"Travel Outfit Tied to Clinton Halts Work for White House"
1486:"First Lady Urged Dismissals At Travel Office, Study Says"
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Hell to Pay: The Unfolding Story of Hillary Rodham Clinton
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exonerated Bill Clinton of any involvement in the matter.
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1064:"Amid Partisan Sniping, Committee OK's Travelgate Report"
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UN Special Representative on Sexual Violence in Conflict
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op-ed page, October 23, 2000. Retrieved March 23, 2008.
1982:"White House Says President Would Like to Punch Safire"
1829:"Former Director of White House Travel Office Indicted"
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1813:"A history of indictments involving White House staff"
1431:
1429:
2121:"White House Obtained FBI Data on Fired Travel Chief"
1608:
1606:
1604:
876:
ran for president again in 2016, becoming the nominee
858:
would entitle her highly unflattering 1999 book
107:
White House director of administration David Watkins
2316:
2274:
class notes, March 8, 2000. Retrieved July 1, 2007.
2043:"White House Surrenders Documents, Avoids Contempt"
1426:
971:
969:
784:
a candidate for United States Senator from New York
600:was taking place and vowed to pursue new material.
417:
took some of the early heat for Travelgate in 1993.
78:
President Clinton exonerated by Independent Counsel
2268:"Robert Ray '82 picks up where Ken Starr left off"
2247:"Democrats Challenge Starr on Delayed Exoneration"
1601:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
451:In July 1993, Congress requested the non-partisan
2348:
1538:"White House Rebukes 4 In Travel Office Shake-Up"
766:On November 19, 1998, Starr testified before the
628:, led to a famous exchange in which high-profile
48:Originating events 1993; investigations 1993–2000
3362:
1993:
763:. It did not mention the travel office matter.
202:
141:, was the first major ethics controversy of the
27:Ethics controversy of the Clinton administration
2075:"Reid Leaks Documents, Slams Travelgate Figure"
1882:, November 2, 1995. Retrieved January 10, 2009.
1358:
1356:
1308:The Death of American Virtue: Clinton vs. Starr
946:
723:
512:House Government Reform and Oversight Committee
500:House Government Reform and Oversight Committee
341:Attention initially focused on the role of the
174:House Government Reform and Oversight Committee
2429:"Ray: Hillary testimony was 'factually false'"
2174:" Excerpts From Majority Report on Whitewater"
1330:
1328:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1070:, September 18, 1996. Retrieved June 16, 2007.
668:. House committee chair Clinger threatened a
273:
2618:11th Chancellor of Queen's University Belfast
2590:
2485:
2255:, November 20, 1998. Retrieved June 12, 2007.
2233:, November 19, 1998. Retrieved June 12, 2007.
2100:" Ex-Staff of White House Travel Office Sues"
2090:, September 22, 1996. Retrieved July 1, 2007.
1965:"Criticism continues against Hillary Clinton"
1955:, January 8, 1996. Retrieved August 20, 2008.
1843:
1841:
1819:, November 26, 2005. Retrieved June 19, 2007.
1738:, June 26, 1994. Retrieved February 15, 2008.
1662:, December 4, 1995. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
1646:, October 25, 1995. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
1264:
1262:
1260:
1250:, March/April 1996. Retrieved June 17, 2007.
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1047:, February 27, 1995. Retrieved June 17, 2007.
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
914:special report, 2000. Retrieved June 5, 2007.
502:investigated Travelgate during 1994 and 1995.
402:
2860:Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families
2687:Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review
2505:"Independent counsel law fades into history"
2444:
2419:, October 18, 2000. Retrieved June 30, 2007.
2400:, October 18, 2000. Retrieved June 16, 2007.
2382:
2380:
2378:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2263:
2261:
2150:
2148:
1990:, January 11, 1996. Retrieved June 19, 2007.
1971:, January 14, 1996. Retrieved June 19, 2007.
1914:
1912:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1764:
1762:
1730:" From Right, a Rain of Anti-Clinton Salvos"
1688:, April 7, 1998. Retrieved February 1, 2008.
1581:
1579:
1573:, January 10, 1996. Retrieved June 19, 2007.
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1480:
1478:
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1383:
1353:
1120:
1118:
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1108:
1106:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
810:Immediate reactions to the report differed.
314:'s actions coming under increasing scrutiny.
124:Testifying falsely about White House firings
2305:"The First Lady Is Chided, but Not Charged"
2065:, March 20, 1996. Retrieved March 28, 2008.
1936:, January 5, 1996. Retrieved June 19, 2007.
1906:, January 5, 1996. Retrieved June 30, 2007.
1874:"Travel Office Trial Enlivened By Outburst"
1598:, August 11, 1993. Retrieved April 4, 2009.
1325:
1226:
1164:, May 20, 1993. Retrieved January 10, 2009.
1150:
1148:
1146:
1078:
1076:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
834:, in whose White House he had once worked.
81:First Lady Clinton and Watkins not indicted
3381:Presidential scandals in the United States
2692:Foreign policy of the Obama administration
2597:
2583:
2217:
2109:
1838:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1257:
1167:
164:Further investigations by the FBI and the
2814:State Children's Health Insurance Program
2542:– GAO Report GAO/GGD-94-132. May 2, 1994.
2527:, June 24, 2004. Retrieved June 16, 2007.
2514:
2498:
2482:, March 7, 2006. Retrieved April 4, 2009.
2403:
2375:
2290:
2258:
2236:
2201:
2182:, June 16, 1996. Retrieved June 30, 2007.
2167:
2164:, June 19, 1996. Retrieved June 30, 2007.
2145:
2036:
2020:
1974:
1958:
1909:
1885:
1822:
1806:
1759:
1750:, "Confessions of a Right-Wing Hit Man",
1576:
1549:
1516:
1513:, May 22, 1993. Retrieved March 23, 2008.
1497:
1473:
1103:
996:
525:
121:Improper direction of government business
2931:"Women's Rights Are Human Rights" (1995)
2511:, June 26, 1999. Accessed July 31, 2007.
2370:United States Government Printing Office
2343:United States Government Printing Office
2313:, June 23, 2000. Retrieved July 1, 2007.
2225:"Clinton 'Thwarted' Probe, Starr to Say"
2214:, June 25, 1998. Retrieved July 2, 2007.
2129:, June 6, 1996. Retrieved June 16, 2007.
2093:
2052:
2049:, May 30, 1996. Retrieved June 17, 2007.
2015:United States Government Printing Office
1719:, May 1995. Retrieved February 15, 2008.
1649:
1633:
1628:United States Government Printing Office
1546:, July 3, 1993. Retrieved June 30, 2007.
1452:United States Government Printing Office
1417:"White House – Travel Office Operations"
1405:United States Government Printing Office
1378:United States Government Printing Office
1350:, May/June 1996. Retrieved July 1, 2007.
1281:, May 31, 1993. Retrieved June 28, 2007.
1190:, June 7, 1993. Retrieved June 16, 2007.
1143:
1100:, June 6, 1996. Retrieved June 16, 2007.
1073:
1050:
991:United States Government Printing Office
937:"White House – Travel Office Operations"
727:
602:
591:A memo surfaces regarding the First Lady
489:
486:Oversight Committee investigation begins
460:Independent Counsel investigation begins
406:
301:
206:
3386:1993 controversies in the United States
2185:
2106:, May 18, 1996. Retrieved July 1, 2007.
2033:, May 9, 1996. Retrieved June 17, 2007.
1790:
1691:
1494:, May 3, 1994. Retrieved June 30, 2007.
1284:
549:Prosecution and acquittal of Billy Dale
262:for travel services, but relied upon a
32:For the South African controversy, see
14:
3363:
2540:White House – Travel Office Operations
2521:"Clinton 'Proud' of Impeachment Fight"
2196:United States House of Representatives
1849:United States House of Representatives
557:on December 7, 1994, on two counts of
478:took over from Fiske in investigating
399:longer a target of the investigation.
2578:
2068:
1457:
1380:, October 18, 2000. pp. 44–48, 61–65.
1198:
1196:
899:
847:Swidler & Berlin v. United States
748:Swidler & Berlin v. United States
393:Office of Professional Responsibility
364:week". The effect was intensified by
215:into place, including landing before
135:White House travel office controversy
40:White House travel office controversy
3376:Clinton administration controversies
1156:"White House Ousts Its Travel Staff"
3061:2006 US Senate election in New York
3056:2000 US Senate election in New York
2751:Family Entertainment Protection Act
2707:UN Security Council Resolution 1888
2604:
2551:
820:New York Republican State Committee
697:Senate Special Whitewater Committee
379:Various investigations took place.
334:producer and Inauguration chairman
24:
1193:
25:
3402:
2855:Tenures as First Lady of Arkansas
2533:
2059:" House Votes To Repay 7 Workers"
777:1998 Congressional elections
358:
256:George H. W. Bush administrations
2979:An Invitation to the White House
2729:
2722:
2629:United States Secretary of State
1835:press release, December 7, 1994.
1335:Letters – Travel Office Travails
941:Government Accountability Office
2649:First Lady of the United States
2466:
2422:
2277:
2132:
1939:
1866:
1741:
1722:
1665:
1410:
718:1996 presidential election
352:double-entry bookkeeping system
343:Federal Bureau of Investigation
56:Washington, D.C., United States
2936:"Basket of deplorables" (2016)
2850:Career in corporate governance
2829:White House Millennium Council
2819:Adoption and Safe Families Act
2372:, October 18, 2000. pp. 70–73.
1781:Undergraduate Research Journal
1407:, October 18, 2000. pp. 66–69.
1242:"Travelgate: The Untold Story"
930:
917:
168:, the White House itself, the
13:
1:
3391:Hillary Clinton controversies
3106:2016 US presidential election
1785:Indiana University South Bend
893:
446:
237:Old Executive Office Building
203:The White House Travel Office
2901:State Department controversy
2824:Foster Care Independence Act
2285:The Death of American Virtue
2161:International Herald-Tribune
888:1993 health care reform plan
874:from 2009 to 2013, and then
724:Independent Counsel findings
508:1994 Congressional elections
506:In late 1994, following the
7:
3132:screen and stage performers
2756:Flag Protection Act of 2005
1254:. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
939:GAO Report GAO/GGD-94-132,
772:impeachment of Bill Clinton
745:ruled 6–3 against Starr in
274:Initial White House actions
137:, sometimes referred to as
10:
3407:
2880:Cattle futures controversy
2870:Legal Services Corporation
2798:Vast right-wing conspiracy
2720:
2223:Ruth Marcus, Peter Baker,
1833:U.S. Department of Justice
1716:American Journalism Review
1470:. Retrieved June 30, 2007.
1454:, October 18, 2000. p. 47.
1347:Columbia Journalism Review
1247:Columbia Journalism Review
412:White House Chief of Staff
403:Clinton White House report
285:White House Chief of Staff
31:
3371:1993 in American politics
3334:
3263:
3221:
3190:
3104:
3069:
3048:
3037:
2944:
2916:
2888:
2837:
2787:Travel office controversy
2764:
2738:
2667:
2612:
2548:Filed September 26, 1996.
1673:"The man behind the mask"
1421:General Accounting Office
840:
768:House Judiciary Committee
753:attorney–client privilege
453:General Accounting Office
170:General Accounting Office
114:
88:
68:
60:
52:
44:
34:Travelgate (South Africa)
3213:Clinton National Airport
3173:General election debates
2809:Save America's Treasures
845:In the legal aftermath,
3019:The Book of Gutsy Women
2777:1993 health care reform
2455:"Habitual Prevaricator"
906:"Untangling Whitewater"
872:U.S. Secretary of State
770:in connection with the
622:cattle futures dealings
494:Republican Congressman
268:Airline of the Americas
233:White House press corps
213:White House press corps
3156:running mate selection
3073:presidential primaries
2971:Dear Socks, Dear Buddy
2875:Whitewater controversy
2659:(1979–1981, 1983–1992)
2657:First Lady of Arkansas
2438:The Rochester Sentinel
1797:R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.
1203:Hillary Rodham Clinton
790:, who once worked for
737:
714:obstruction of justice
617:
542:R. Emmett Tyrrell, Jr.
533:The American Spectator
526:Private investigations
503:
418:
382:
368:and the advent of the
315:
312:Hillary Rodham Clinton
308:Clinton administration
224:
158:Hillary Rodham Clinton
143:Clinton administration
103:Hillary Rodham Clinton
3350:Activities after 2016
3295:Dorothy Howell Rodham
3168:Democratic opposition
2792:FBI files controversy
2198:, September 26, 1996.
1124:Gerald S. Greenberg,
731:
660:Independent Counsel.
606:
579:The Los Angeles Times
493:
410:
366:cable television news
328:Little Rock, Arkansas
305:
210:
166:Department of Justice
3178:Hillary Victory Fund
3146:Democratic primaries
3049:Senatorial elections
2957:Senior thesis (1969)
2772:Tenure as First Lady
2272:Princeton University
1702:Alicia C. Shepard ,
1423:, May 2, 1994. p. 32
1213:Simon & Schuster
732:Independent Counsel
670:contempt of Congress
292:White House counsels
3245:Hillary and Clinton
3237:Saturday Night Live
2963:It Takes a Village
2926:Political positions
2677:Tenure as Secretary
2345:, October 18, 2000.
2230:The Washington Post
2126:The Washington Post
2017:, October 18, 2000.
1879:The Washington Post
1704:"Spectator's Sport"
1630:, October 18, 2000.
1044:The Washington Post
993:, October 18, 2000.
925:Google News Archive
911:The Washington Post
864:re-election in 2006
666:executive privilege
654:Independent Counsel
563:criminal conversion
473:Independent Counsel
464:Special prosecutor
439:and July 20, 1993,
260:competitive bidding
221:photo opportunities
181:Independent Counsel
41:
3255:(2020 documentary)
2896:Clinton Foundation
2460:The New York Times
2416:The New York Times
2392:2005-10-30 at the
2364:2007-09-26 at the
2337:2007-06-28 at the
2310:The New York Times
2252:The New York Times
2243:Don Van Natta, Jr.
2179:The New York Times
2080:2007-09-27 at the
2009:2007-09-26 at the
1987:The New York Times
1952:The New York Times
1947:"Blizzard of Lies"
1928:2013-07-15 at the
1903:The New York Times
1851:(March 18, 1996).
1783:, Volume 5, 2002,
1775:2007-09-30 at the
1735:The New York Times
1709:2006-05-10 at the
1678:2004-04-04 at the
1622:2007-09-26 at the
1595:The New York Times
1565:2012-11-10 at the
1543:The New York Times
1510:The New York Times
1503:Richard L. Berke,
1491:The New York Times
1446:2007-09-26 at the
1399:2008-05-28 at the
1372:2008-05-28 at the
1340:2007-10-06 at the
1314:(New York), 2010.
1180:George J. Church,
1161:The New York Times
1154:Richard L. Berke,
1092:2013-04-03 at the
985:2007-06-28 at the
743:U.S. Supreme Court
738:
618:
587:of deliberations.
504:
419:
389:Justice Department
370:24-hour news cycle
316:
310:, with First Lady
225:
39:
3358:
3357:
3346:(2011 photograph)
3198:Awards and honors
3186:
3185:
3137:other celebrities
3003:Stronger Together
2702:Email controversy
1484:Stephen Labaton,
1468:The History Place
1320:978-0-307-40944-7
870:, then served as
281:KPMG Peat Marwick
247:administrations.
223:such as this one.
131:
130:
16:(Redirected from
3398:
3046:
3045:
2733:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2697:Hillary Doctrine
2660:
2652:
2644:
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2442:
2433:Associated Press
2426:
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2407:
2401:
2384:
2373:
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2346:
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2183:
2171:
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2152:
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2104:Associated Press
2097:
2091:
2072:
2066:
2063:Associated Press
2056:
2050:
2040:
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2024:
2018:
1997:
1991:
1978:
1972:
1962:
1956:
1945:William Safire,
1943:
1937:
1919:Online News Hour
1916:
1907:
1896:David Johnston,
1894:
1883:
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1826:
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1817:Associated Press
1810:
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1768:Carl Lestinsky,
1766:
1757:
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1700:
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1671:Karen Rothmyer,
1669:
1663:
1660:Associated Press
1653:
1647:
1644:Associated Press
1637:
1631:
1610:
1599:
1586:R. W. Apple, Jr.
1583:
1574:
1560:"Close Scrutiny"
1556:Online News Hour
1553:
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1461:
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1301:
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1269:Margaret Carlson
1266:
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1200:
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1178:
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1101:
1083:Online News Hour
1080:
1071:
1061:
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1035:
994:
973:
944:
934:
928:
921:
915:
903:
885:
812:David E. Kendall
761:Lewinsky scandal
471:In August 1994,
374:American Express
322:, including his
219:in order to get
42:
38:
21:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3397:
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3395:
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3359:
3354:
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3283:Chelsea Clinton
3259:
3222:Popular culture
3217:
3182:
3100:
3072:
3071:2008 Democratic
3065:
3040:
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3027:State of Terror
2940:
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2908:Onward Together
2884:
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2606:Hillary Clinton
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2503:
2499:
2490:
2486:
2472:Emma Schwartz,
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2427:
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2409:Neil A. Lewis,
2408:
2404:
2394:Wayback Machine
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2366:Wayback Machine
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2339:Wayback Machine
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2303:Neil A. Lewis,
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2115:Susan Schmidt,
2114:
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2087:Electric Nevada
2082:Wayback Machine
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2011:Wayback Machine
1998:
1994:
1980:Neil A. Lewis,
1979:
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1567:Wayback Machine
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1534:Thomas Friedman
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987:Wayback Machine
974:
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818:, chair of the
751:, stating that
726:
649:requested that
593:
551:
528:
520:William Clinger
488:
466:Robert B. Fiske
462:
449:
405:
385:
361:
276:
264:charter company
205:
156:and First Lady
127:
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84:
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28:
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3343:Situation Room
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3289:Hugh E. Rodham
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2987:Living History
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2620:(2020–present)
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2555:(2000-06-22).
2549:
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2534:External links
2532:
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2513:
2497:
2495:, pp. 362-364.
2484:
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2451:William Safire
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2347:
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1923:"Travel Probe"
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1464:"Bill Clinton"
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1273:"Shear Dismay"
1256:
1225:
1208:Living History
1192:
1182:"Flying Blind"
1166:
1142:
1140:. pp. 342–344.
1102:
1072:
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995:
945:
943:. May 2, 1994.
929:
916:
897:
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892:
842:
839:
828:New York Times
725:
722:
636:William Safire
631:New York Times
614:William Safire
609:New York Times
592:
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487:
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461:
458:
448:
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424:New York Times
404:
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360:
359:Investigations
357:
336:Harry Thomason
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229:Andrew Jackson
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3011:What Happened
3008:
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2889:Philanthropic
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2563:on 2007-04-29
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856:Barbara Olson
851:
848:
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833:
832:Richard Nixon
829:
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817:
813:
808:
804:
801:
795:
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792:Rudy Giuliani
789:
785:
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773:
769:
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735:
734:Kenneth Starr
730:
721:
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715:
711:
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700:
698:
694:
689:
688:controversy.
687:
681:
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667:
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657:Kenneth Starr
655:
652:
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623:
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582:
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574:Sam Donaldson
571:
566:
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560:
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517:
514:, chaired by
513:
509:
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497:
492:
483:
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476:Kenneth Starr
474:
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309:
304:
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298:
297:whistleblower
293:
289:
286:
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271:
269:
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261:
257:
253:
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
222:
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217:Air Force One
214:
209:
200:
197:
192:
190:
189:Kenneth Starr
186:
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175:
171:
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159:
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123:
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106:
104:
100:
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94:
93:
91:
87:
80:
77:
74:
73:
71:
67:
63:
61:Also known as
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
35:
30:
19:
3341:
3271:Bill Clinton
3252:
3244:
3236:
3230:Hillary 1984
3228:
3208:Public image
3086:Endorsements
3026:
3018:
3010:
3002:
2995:Hard Choices
2994:
2986:
2978:
2970:
2962:
2952:Bibliography
2919:and policies
2845:Legal career
2804:Vital Voices
2786:
2565:. Retrieved
2561:the original
2516:
2500:
2492:
2487:
2477:
2468:
2458:
2446:
2436:
2424:
2414:
2405:
2350:
2308:
2284:
2279:
2250:
2238:
2228:
2219:
2203:
2187:
2177:
2169:
2159:
2139:
2134:
2124:
2111:
2095:
2085:
2070:
2054:
2038:
2022:
1995:
1985:
1976:
1960:
1950:
1941:
1901:
1877:
1868:
1856:. Retrieved
1824:
1808:
1800:
1792:
1780:
1756:, July 1997.
1751:
1743:
1733:
1724:
1714:
1683:
1667:
1651:
1635:
1593:
1551:
1541:
1508:
1499:
1489:
1459:
1412:
1385:
1345:
1322:. pp. 70–71.
1307:
1277:
1252:Archive link
1245:
1206:
1185:
1159:
1125:
1042:
932:
919:
909:
901:
880:
859:
852:
846:
844:
836:
827:
809:
805:
800:Joe Lockhart
796:
781:
765:
757:Starr Report
746:
739:
705:Henry Waxman
701:
691:The Senator
690:
682:
674:
662:
644:
640:Mike McCurry
629:
619:
607:
594:
577:
567:
559:embezzlement
552:
537:
531:
529:
516:Pennsylvania
505:
496:Bill Clinger
470:
463:
450:
434:
422:
420:
415:Mack McLarty
397:
386:
378:
362:
347:Vince Foster
340:
324:third cousin
320:Bill Clinton
317:
288:Mack McLarty
277:
249:
226:
193:
185:embezzlement
163:
154:Bill Clinton
147:
138:
134:
132:
97:Bill Clinton
29:
3327:(residence)
3307:Tony Rodham
3301:Hugh Rodham
3247:(2016 play)
3203:Books about
2782:Hillaryland
2651:(1993–2001)
2643:(2001–2009)
2631:(2009–2013)
2553:Ray, Robert
2491:Greenberg,
2479:Legal Times
2138:Greenberg,
1872:Toni Locy,
1748:David Brock
1304:Ken Gormley
1238:Joe Conason
1087:"FBI Files"
1037:Toni Locy,
866:, became a
816:Bill Powers
584:Jack Nelson
518:Republican
101:First Lady
3365:Categories
3325:Whitehaven
3285:(daughter)
3277:presidency
3161:convention
3096:Convention
2765:First Lady
2739:US senator
2637:US Senator
2567:2007-03-28
2355:Robert Ray
2328:Robert Ray
2117:Ann Devroy
2000:Robert Ray
1613:Robert Ray
1436:Robert Ray
1390:Robert Ray
1363:Robert Ray
976:Robert Ray
894:References
824:Rick Lazio
788:Robert Ray
693:Al D'Amato
677:Harry Reid
651:Whitewater
647:Janet Reno
634:columnist
626:Whitewater
612:columnist
555:grand jury
540:publisher
480:Whitewater
447:GAO report
437:depression
245:Republican
241:Democratic
196:Robert Ray
178:Whitewater
176:, and the
139:Travelgate
95:President
64:Travelgate
18:Travelgate
3309:(brother)
3303:(brother)
3122:political
3039:Electoral
2668:Secretary
2287:, p. 658.
2283:Gormley,
1223:, p. 172.
695:-chaired
538:Spectator
332:Hollywood
3297:(mother)
3291:(father)
3273:(husband
3239:parodies
3114:Campaign
3081:Campaign
2945:Writings
2917:Speeches
2838:Arkansas
2670:of State
2641:New York
2390:Archived
2362:Archived
2335:Archived
2078:Archived
2007:Archived
1926:Archived
1858:June 19,
1773:Archived
1707:Archived
1676:Archived
1620:Archived
1563:Archived
1444:Archived
1397:Archived
1370:Archived
1338:Archived
1215:, 2003,
1132:, 2000.
1090:Archived
983:Archived
686:Filegate
598:cover-up
570:ABC News
430:Bob Dole
290:and the
53:Location
3253:Hillary
3151:debates
3091:Debates
3041:history
2509:CNN.com
2398:CNN.com
2212:CNN.com
2047:CNN.com
2031:CNN.com
1803:, 2007.
1753:Esquire
1068:CNN.com
710:perjury
441:suicide
266:called
115:Charges
89:Accused
69:Outcome
3264:Family
3191:Legacy
3029:(2021)
3021:(2019)
3013:(2017)
3005:(2016)
2997:(2014)
2989:(2003)
2981:(2000)
2973:(1998)
2965:(1996)
1318:
1219:
1136:
841:Legacy
252:Reagan
172:, the
3335:Other
3321:(dog)
3319:Buddy
3315:(cat)
3313:Socks
2639:from
1685:Salon
2626:67th
1860:2007
1316:ISBN
1278:Time
1217:ISBN
1187:Time
1134:ISBN
624:and
576:and
561:and
254:and
243:and
133:The
45:Date
2525:NPR
1969:CNN
1934:PBS
1571:PBS
1098:PBS
779:.)
712:or
498:'s
395:.)
391:'s
383:FBI
150:FBI
3367::
2523:,
2507:,
2476:,
2457:,
2453:,
2435:,
2431:,
2413:,
2396:,
2377:^
2368:,
2357:,
2341:,
2330:,
2318:^
2307:,
2292:^
2270:,
2260:^
2249:,
2245:,
2227:,
2210:,
2194:,
2176:,
2158:,
2147:^
2123:,
2119:,
2102:,
2084:,
2061:,
2045:,
2029:,
2013:,
2002:,
1984:,
1967:,
1949:,
1932:,
1921:,
1911:^
1900:,
1887:^
1876:,
1840:^
1831:,
1815:,
1799:,
1779:,
1761:^
1732:,
1713:,
1693:^
1682:,
1658:,
1642:,
1626:,
1615:,
1603:^
1592:,
1588:,
1578:^
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