Tom Kahn - Knowledge

406: 915: 1099:), "which was then a death sentence". Kahn longed to spend his remaining years with his "new and most beloved partner", who was "the love of his life". However, he accepted the office of Director out of a feeling of duty, knowing that he was taking "a job that would most surely work him to death". He warned his co-workers that his terminal condition would bring intellectual degeneration, and asked that they monitor him for signs of debilitation. An upgrade of the International Department's computer systems was to have allowed Kahn to work from home. 2051:, p. 287)Sale described an "all‑out invasion of SDS by the Progressive Labor Party. PLers—concentrated chiefly in Boston, New York, and California, with some strength in Chicago and Michigan—were positively cyclotronic in their ability to split and splinter chapter organizations: if it wasn't their self‑righteous positiveness it was their caucus‑controlled rigidity, if not their deliberate disruptiveness it was their overt bids for control, if not their repetitious appeals for base‑building it was their unrelenting Marxism". ( 359:

Communist totalitarianism was not merely a political force, an ideological aberration that could be smashed in debate; it was a monstrous physical force. Democracy was not merely the icing on the socialist cake. It was the cake—or there was no socialism worth fighting for. And if socialism was worth fighting for here, it was worth fighting for everywhere: socialism was nothing if it was not profoundly internationalist. I do not remember whether that was the night I signed up. But it was the night I became convinced.

831:. According to Horowitz, Meany had many speechwriters—two specialists besides Kahn and even more writers from the AFL–CIO's Committee on Political Education (COPE) Department. Horowitz stated, "It is in fact inconceivable that Kahn wrote those words." She quoted a concurring assessment from Arch Puddington: "assumes that because Kahn was not publicly gay he had to be a gay basher. He never was." According to Muravchik, "there is no reason to believe that Kahn wrote those lines, and Isserman presents none." 3063: 3054: 968: 6647: 33: 964:, by lobbying to stop further U.S. loans to Poland unless those demands were met. Materially, the AFL–CIO established the Polish Workers Aid Fund. By 1981 it had raised almost $ 300,000, which was used to purchase printing presses and office supplies. The AFL–CIO donated typewriters, duplicating machines, a minibus, an offset press, and other supplies requested by Solidarity. 706:... ingeniously trying to bury the Soviet Union in a blizzard of letterheads. It seemed that each of Tom's colleagues—Penn Kemble, Carl Gershman, Josh Muravchik and many more—ran a little organization, each with the same interlocking directorate listed on the stationery. Funny thing: The Letterhead Lieutenants did indeed churn up a blizzard, and the Soviet Union is no more. 519:: "Tom Kahn—very shrewdly—had captured the position of Treasurer of the Liberal Arts Student Council and the infinitely charismatic and popular Carmichael as floor whip was good at lining up the votes. Before they knew what hit them the Student Council had become a patron of the arts, having voted to buy out the remaining performances." Kahn and Carmichael worked with 666:, helped to write "the death sentence" for SDS. Nonetheless Kahn continued to argue with SDS leaders about the need for accountable leadership, about tactics, and about strategy. In 1966, Kahn attended the Illinois Convention of SDS, where his forceful arguments and delivery overwhelmed and were resented by the other activists; Kahn was then 28 years old. 2085:

Sale wrote, "SDS papers and pamphlets talked of 'armed struggle,' 'disciplined cadre,' 'white fighting force,' and the need for 'a communist party that can guide this movement to victory'; SDS leaders and publications quoted Mao and Lenin and Ho Chi Minh more regularly than Jenminh Jih Pao. and a few

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The AFL–CIO's autonomous support of Solidarity was so successful that by 1984 both Democrats and Republicans agreed that it deserved public support. The AFL–CIO's example of open support was deemed to be appropriate for a democracy, and much more suitable than the clandestine funding through the CIA

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The AFL–CIO will support additional aid to Poland only if it is conditioned on the adherence of the Polish government to the 21 points of the Gdansk Agreement. Only then could we be assured that the Polish workers will be in a position to defend their gains and to struggle for a fair share

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This effort has elicited from the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, and Bulgaria the most massive and vicious propaganda assault ... in many, many years. The ominous tone of the most recent attacks leaves no doubt that if the Soviet Union invades, it shall cite the aid of the AFL–CIO

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They talked and wrote endlessly, mostly about communism and democracy, despising the former, adoring the latter. It is easy today to say "anti-communist" and "pro-democracy" in the same breath. But that is because American foreign policy eventually became just such a mixture, thanks in part to those

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When I met him for the first time he was a few years younger than I am now, and I was barely on the edge of manhood. He drew me into a vortex of his endless campaigns and projects ... He introduced me to Bach and Brahms, and to the importance of maintaining a balance in life between the pursuit

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I never did quite get all the organizational acronyms straight—YPSL, LID, SP, SDA, ISL—but the key words were "democratic", "labor", "young" and, until events redefined it away from their understanding, "socialist". Ultimately, the umbrella group became "Social Democrats, U.S.A", and Tom Kahn was a

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rolling Russian tanks ... defenceless Hungarian workers and students fighting back with stones ... a heroic people's crushed hopes, and ... our democratic socialist links to those hopes. Freedom, democracy—they were not abstractions; they were real and could therefore be destroyed.

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The prospects of Solidarity and the morality of aiding Solidarity were debated by neo-conservative Podhoretz, who opposed aid to Solidarity as aiding the Soviet Union and failing to help the Polish people, and Kahn, who favored U.S. financial support of Poland only if Poland agreed to allow free

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In 1986 Kahn became the Director of the AFL–CIO Department of International Affairs, where he implemented Kirkland's program of having a consensus foreign policy. Working with leaders from member unions, Kahn helped to draft resolutions that represented consensus decisions for nearly all issues.

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It is up to Solidarity ... to define the aid they need. Solidarity made its needs known, with courage, with clarity, and publicly. As you know, the AFL–CIO responded by establishing a fund for the purchase of equipment requested by Solidarity and we have raised about a quarter of a million

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Although everyone active in the movement was aware of it, he was never explicitly out of the closet. He took his sexual orientation as an affliction, a source of pain and embarrassment. In part, perhaps, because he was so unreconciled to his longings, he limited himself for a long time to brief

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told Kirkland that the AFL–CIO's continued support of Solidarity could trigger a Soviet invasion of Poland. After Kirkland refused to withdraw support to Solidarity, Muskie met with the USSR's Ambassador, Anatoly Dobyrnin, to clarify that the AFL–CIO's aid did not have the support of the U.S.

772:, called for an immediate withdrawal of U.S. forces from Vietnam in 1972. His proposal was rejected by the majority, who criticized the war's conduct and called for a negotiated peace treaty, the position associated with Shachtman and Kahn. Harrington resigned his honorary chairmanship of the 1001:

All this is by way of introducing the AFL–CIO's position on economic aid to Poland. In formulating this position, our first concern was to consult our friends in Solidarity ... and their views are reflected in the statement unanimously adopted by the AFL–CIO Executive Council:

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In testimony to the Joint Congressional Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, Kahn suggested policies to support the Polish people, in particular by supporting Solidarity's demand that the Communist regime finally establish legality, by respecting the

1048:(NED), through which Congress would openly fund Solidarity through an allocation in the State Department's budget, beginning in 1984. The NED was designed with four core institutions, associated with the two major parties and with the AFL-CIO and the U.S. 959:

appointed Kahn to organize the AFL–CIO's support of Solidarity. The AFL–CIO sought approval in advance from Solidarity's leadership, to avoid jeopardizing their position with unwanted or surprising American help. Politically, the AFL–CIO supported the

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with his work in the civil-rights movement. "Once he met Bayard , then Kahn knew that he was gay and had this long-term relationship with Bayard, which went through many stages", according to Horowitz, who quoted Kahn's remembrance of Rustin:

3920: 527:(SNCC). Kahn introduced Carmichael and his fellow SNCC activists to Bayard Rustin, who became an influential adviser to SNCC. Kahn and Rustin's emphasis on economic inequality influenced Carmichael. Kahn graduated from Howard in 1961. 868:, and "brooded" about Kahn's opposition, exaggerating the importance of the Socialist International to America, according to Isserman's biography. In 1991, even after Harrington's 1989 death, Howe warned Harrington's biographer, 3940: 799:

We heard from the gay-lib people who want to legalize marriage between boys and boys, and between girls and girls ... We heard from the people who looked like Jacks, acted like Jills, and had the odor of Johns about

2426:"Remarks by Carl Gershman at a photo exhibition commemorating the 30th anniversary of the founding of Solidarity (The phenomenon of Solidarity: Pictures from the history of Poland, 1980-1981; Woodrow Wilson Center)" 563:, the senior leader of the civil-rights movement and the African-American labor movement. Kahn's analysis of the civil-rights movement influenced Bayard Rustin (who was the nominal author of Kahn's 1964–1965 essay " 736:

It was tough for labor-liberal intellectuals to be "anti-communist" in the 1970s. It meant being taunted as "Cold Warriors" who saw "Commies under every bed" and being labeled as—the unkindest cut—"right-wingers".

639:"). Kahn believed that the SDS students were "elitist", being overly critical of labor unions and liberals, and attributed upper-class origins and Ivy-league schooling to them, according to Port-Huron activist 4034: 4049: 3833: 456:

encounters. But then he became involved with one of the YPSL's and was compelled to seek the counsel of a psychiatrist to explain his unfamiliar feelings. The diagnosis, he told me, was "you're in love."

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and supported by his friends and colleagues. He was survived by his partner and also his sister and his niece. Kahn planned most of his own memorial service, which was held in the AFL–CIO headquarters.

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and former U.S. Representative to the United Nations committee on human rights. From 1984 until 1990, the NED and the AFL–CIO channeled equipment and support worth $ 4 million to Solidarity.

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As a young man, Tom Kahn "was gay but wanted to be straight ... It was a different world then", according to Rachelle Horowitz. He had a short relationship with a member of the

427:, who became a mentor to Kahn. Kahn and Horowitz were affectionately called the "Bayard Rustin Marching and Chowder Society" by Harrington. Kahn helped Rustin organize the 1957 2168:, p. 305): Despite his having sided with Harrington against Kahn and Shachtman, Howe considered Tom Kahn as "a very talented fellow"—"One of the most talented around that milieu" ( 478:

of our individual pleasures and engagements in, and responsibility for, the social condition. He believed that no class, caste or genre of people were exempt from this obligation.

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later acknowledged that LID Director Tom Kahn, "to his credit", was correct in opposing that deletion, which helped Marxist Leninists to take over SDS, in discussion with

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in 1972, a position he held until 1986, Kahn developed an expertise in international affairs. In 1980 AFL–CIO officer Lane Kirkland appointed Kahn to organize the AFL–CIO

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for promoting students as leaders of social change, for criticizing the U.S. labor movement and its unions, and for its criticisms of liberal and socialist opposition to

4074: 3863: 760:, labor unions, and civil rights organizations. He was an effective speechwriter because he was able to express ideas to an American audience, according to Wattenberg. 3828: 6405: 4690: 4101: 3436: 2776:

Winner of the "2009 Betty M. Unterberger Prize for Best Dissertation on United States Foreign Policy from the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations"

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The Polish labor-union's demand for legality were supported by Tom Kahn, who testified on behalf of the AFL–CIO to the US Congress. The picture displays the

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Kahn, a white student, enrolled for his junior and senior years at Howard University, where he became a leader in student politics. Kahn worked closely with

627:. Kahn was listed as a student representative from Howard University and was elected to the National Executive Committee. The LID representatives criticized the 2670:"The holy alliance: Ronald Reagan and John Paul II; How Reagan and the Pope conspired to assist Poland's Solidarity movement and hasten the demise of Communism" 6429: 6183: 4029: 4019: 3251: 6691: 4353: 3915: 2783: 2068:, p. 258); "for more than a year, SDS had been the target of a takeover attempt by the Progressive Labor Party, a Marxist-Leninist cadre of Maoists" ( 2429: 6477: 6325: 820: 315: 6791: 6632: 3582: 3431:

Picture of Tom Kahn—with Rachelle Horowitz, James Farmer (CORE leader), and Ernest Green—at 1964 World's Fair, protesting poverty, before their arrest.

1076: 881: 268: 1600:; "the vast majority of gay people were locked away in painful isolation and fear, doing everything possible not to declare themselves", according to 3970: 3965: 3908: 3376: 4936: 4827: 4247: 3925: 314:

in 1955 on a platform calling for the destruction of the student assembly, because it had no power", an election he lost. In high school, he met

6796: 2531:"Secretary of State Muskie rushed in to assure First Secretary Brezhnev that the Carter Administration would have nothing to do with it", wrote 6482: 4044: 3738: 3657: 1423: 2684: 1349: 1148: 6390: 4728: 4647: 3587: 2976: 2830: 650:" that prohibited membership by communists, against Kahn's arguments. The SDS exclusion clause had barred "advocates of or apologists for" " 4079: 4004: 3999: 3950: 3783: 3633: 3007: 6360: 6355: 6143: 6125: 4857: 4766: 3982: 3935: 3773: 3698: 3282: 6781: 6726: 6686: 6681: 4906: 4608: 3960: 3955: 3893: 3798: 3719: 3340: 3458: 2870: 1217: 1194: 6746: 6462: 5013: 4715: 3858: 3746: 3567: 2128: 1649:, p. 10) discusses both McReynolds and Kahn on the same page, in his discussion of the culture of young socialists in the 1950s. 1115: 853: 828: 524: 448: 436: 432: 195: 6786: 6766: 6701: 6497: 6452: 6120: 5003: 4931: 4657: 4537: 3987: 3903: 6716: 6411: 4799: 4399: 3994: 3843: 3572: 2857: 663: 339: 159: 4777: 3868: 3813: 482:

However, cohabiting in Rustin's apartment proved unsuccessful, and their romantic relationship ended when Kahn enrolled in the

229:; he also worked to strengthen U.S. labor unions. Kahn worked as a senior assistant to and speechwriter for Democratic Senator 776:

and organized a caucus for like-minded socialists. The conflict between Kahn and Harrington became "pretty bad", according to

654:". The clause's removal effectively invited "disciplined cadre" to attempt to "take over or paralyze" SDS, as had occurred to 6756: 6731: 6711: 6148: 4268: 3618: 3326: 3089: 2910: 2769: 2694: 2655: 2263: 2204: 1778: 6534: 4998: 4946: 4892: 4294: 4209: 3577: 351: 2544:"The AFL–CIO had channeled more than $ 4 million to it, including computers, printing presses, and supplies" according to 6736: 6512: 4941: 4877: 4240: 4157: 3975: 3592: 1083:

suffered a stroke and resigned that same year; after Brown's death in 1989, Kahn was officially named the Director.

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Before Kahn became LID director in 1964, he was involved with the Student League for Industrial Democracy, which became

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after 1964. Beginning in 1960, he wrote several LID pamphlets, many of which were published in political journals like

297: 292:. He was adopted by the Jewish couple Adele and David Kahn, and renamed Thomas David Kahn. His father, a member of the 190:" speech. Kahn's analysis of the civil rights movement influenced Bayard Rustin (who was the nominal author of Kahn's " 2570: 564: 191: 6776: 6457: 6330: 4804: 4581: 3848: 3838: 3756: 3751: 3490: 3446: 3264: 3240: 2962: 2936: 2819: 2793: 2748: 2730: 1907: 1715: 1469: 612: 144: 6761: 6492: 6234: 4705: 4592: 4106: 3853: 3778: 3761: 1045: 1044:

that had occurred before 1970. Both parties and President Ronald Reagan supported a non-governmental organization,

757: 246: 3270: 6751: 6519: 6507: 4983: 4921: 4214: 3883: 3793: 3030: 1868: 983: 937: 927: 895: 584: 428: 253: 199: 852:. Along with others in the AFL–CIO and SDUSA, Kahn was accused of criticizing Harrington's application for his 4233: 4178: 4111: 3688: 3628: 3613: 2900: 1826: 792: 419:

As a leader of the American socialist movement, Michael Harrington sent Tom Kahn and Rachelle Horowitz to help

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Thiel, Rainer (2010). "U.S. democracy assistance in the Polish liberalization process 1980-1989 (Chapter 6)".

3041:, and held at the Polish Institute for Arts and Sciences, New York City in March 1981: 230–261. Archived from 6721: 6529: 6472: 6271: 4613: 4586: 4404: 3803: 3768: 3667: 3187: 1250:"Beyond the Double Standard: A Social Democratic View of the Authoritarianism versus Totalitarianism Debate," 3348: 1020:

The AFL–CIO's support enraged the Communist regimes of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, and worried the

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in 1986 and was officially named Director in 1989. Kahn died in 1992, at the age of 53.

6651: 6617: 6524: 6380: 6365: 5989: 5509: 5033: 4834: 4741: 4630: 4204: 3876: 3608: 3026: 2761: 2227:, p. 66). According to Hayden's memoir, Kahn was "slender, sallow, and the first gay man" he had met ( 1249: 1092: 741: 388: 230: 225:(SDUSA). Like other leaders of SDUSA, Kahn worked to support free labor-unions and democracy and to oppose 3399: 2739: 2705: 6696: 6424: 6158: 5919: 4916: 4882: 4862: 4746: 4625: 4332: 3538: 2720: 1182: 589: 139:

known for his leadership in several organizations. He was an activist and influential strategist in the

501:, who later became a national leader of young civil-rights activists and then one of the leaders of the 397:. Kahn idolized Harrington, particularly for his erudition and rhetoric, both in writing and in debate. 6706: 6502: 6370: 6340: 5324: 5079: 4968: 4898: 4369: 3808: 3318:

Nested games of external democracy promotion: The United States and the Polish liberalization 1980–1989

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Foreword by A. Philip Randolph and Michael Harrington. New York: League for Industrial Democracy, 1964.

676:"His answers, of course, could not always be correct. But they were on target and always fundamental." 483: 252:

In 1980 Lane Kirkland appointed Kahn to organize the AFL–CIO's support for the Polish labor-union

218: 1705: 1674:

Thelwell, Ekwueme Michael (1999–2000). "The professor and the activists: A memoir of Sterling Brown".

6168: 5999: 5969: 5904: 5389: 5028: 5008: 4978: 4887: 4821: 4794: 4760: 4503: 4284: 4188: 4182: 4151: 3818: 1704:

Smethurst, James (2010). "The Black arts movement and historically Black colleges and universities".

6069: 6029: 5554: 5459: 4867: 4816: 4809: 4782: 4722: 4603: 4513: 4437: 4173: 4168: 3126:"A neglected document on socialism and sex (Appendix reprinting: H. L. Small, "Socialism and sex", 606: 544: 413: 311: 179: 2991: 6419: 5834: 5604: 5269: 5249: 5164: 5119: 4695: 4652: 4635: 4473: 4442: 4394: 4315: 4130: 3683: 3411: 2775: 1202: 1111: 857: 603:

LID pamphlet gave an "incisive radical analysis of what it would take to end racial oppression".

80: 32: 2645: 1827:"Reluctant memoir, part 2 ('Old left / new left interplay' and 'Heart and soul')" 1040:, who before 1982 argued that communism could not be overthrown and that Solidarity was doomed. 914: 5874: 5609: 5594: 5589: 5464: 5319: 5159: 5104: 4674: 4524: 4447: 4418: 4380: 4009: 3724: 3693: 3042: 2757:

Supporting the revolution: America, democracy, and the end of the Cold War in Poland, 1981–1989

548: 183: 3430: 2136: 673:. Kahn expressed his admiration for Shachtman's intellectual toughness in his 1973 memorial: 6771: 6467: 6004: 5819: 5449: 5354: 5334: 5304: 4993: 4988: 4735: 4700: 4598: 4562: 4256: 3483: 3232: 3226: 2840: 1057: 1021: 931: 903: 846:

of the Democratic Party Convention, but noted his personal support after being criticized in

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Tom Kahn was "very good looking, a very attractive guy" according to longtime socialist

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taunt was attributed to Kahn by Harrington, and repeated by Newfield in his autobiography.

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The blaming of Kahn for Meany's speech and Isserman's scholarship have been criticized by

8: 6250: 6211: 5759: 5719: 5669: 5579: 5539: 5514: 5469: 5274: 5229: 5074: 5054: 5023: 5018: 4961: 4872: 4667: 4620: 4570: 4531: 4141: 4136: 4096: 4086: 4064: 3108: 2334: 2284: 2036: 1049: 945: 691: 293: 2064:"The student radicals had gamely resisted the resurrected Marxist-Leninist sects ..." ( 6567: 6335: 6319: 6312: 6291: 6283: 6277: 6240: 6074: 5984: 5964: 5889: 5869: 5859: 5839: 5754: 5639: 5584: 5529: 5434: 5214: 5129: 4788: 4772: 4752: 4518: 4483: 4410: 4163: 4059: 3390:(2 (issue 20)). Washington DC: Institute for Democracy in Eastern Europe (IDEE): 5–16. 3303: 3165: 3149: 2951: 2925: 2502: 1896: 1864: 1860: 1683: 1114:

on March 27, 1992, at the age of 53, after having been cared for by his

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Tom Kahn was a civil libertarian who "ran for president of the Student Organization of

304: 289: 167: 3103: 2861: 2858:"Tom Kahn and the fight for democracy: A political portrait and personal recollection" 2211:

Newfield was one of the early leaders of SDS, who participated in the drafting of the

1622: 872:, that Kahn's description of Harrington "may well be a little nasty" and "hard line". 6435: 6350: 6345: 6305: 6178: 5949: 5934: 5899: 5679: 5599: 5544: 5329: 4493: 4488: 4360: 4346: 4339: 4300: 4146: 3662: 3532: 3442: 3391: 3322: 3260: 3236: 3157: 3085: 2958: 2932: 2906: 2815: 2808: 2789: 2765: 2744: 2726: 2690: 2651: 2506: 2494: 2259: 2200: 2194: 2179: 1903: 1872: 1838: 1774: 1711: 1465: 1037: 1014: 961: 919: 839: 520: 507: 486: 393: 108: 4225: 3169: 714:"Yipsels" (Young People's Socialist League), with Tom Kahn as provocateur-at-large. 6612: 6597: 6587: 6557: 6298: 6245: 6094: 6079: 6044: 5909: 5854: 5844: 5739: 5614: 5549: 5424: 5339: 5299: 5289: 5279: 5264: 5259: 5234: 5124: 4508: 4423: 4386: 3476: 3141: 3099: 3003: 2946: 2920: 2716: 2486: 2309: 1618: 1166: 1033: 1030: 936:

Kahn was heavily involved in supporting the Polish labor-movement. The trade union

869: 824: 809: 659: 632: 461: 327: 226: 155: 136: 112: 104: 61: 2248: 2240: 2232: 1350:"From protest to politics: The future of the civil rights movement" 6607: 6592: 6577: 6395: 6024: 6014: 5974: 5954: 5914: 5789: 5779: 5744: 5704: 5689: 5624: 5489: 5439: 5369: 5254: 5204: 5189: 5179: 5174: 5154: 5139: 5134: 5109: 5049: 4973: 4576: 4547: 4542: 4498: 4478: 4457: 4429: 3703: 3462: 3055:"A death in the office: AIDS took Tom Kahn. For his co-workers, the pain goes on" 2755: 2674: 2579: 1601: 1198: 795:, Meany ridiculed the Democratic Party Convention, which had been held in Miami: 773: 651: 512: 384: 372: 2243:). Hayden remembers having a phobia against meeting Kahn in Rustin's apartment ( 1462:

Max Shachtman and his left: A socialist's odyssey through the "American Century"

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Student League for Industrial Democracy: Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)

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LID and SDS split in 1965, when SDS voted to remove from its constitution the "

636: 552: 187: 6665: 6622: 6552: 6400: 6266: 6089: 6019: 5924: 5774: 5709: 5694: 5684: 5644: 5569: 5559: 5519: 5504: 5394: 5384: 5344: 5294: 5169: 5094: 5064: 3873: 3638: 3526: 3395: 3038: 2706:"Tom Kahn papers: A finding aid to the collection in the Library of Congress" 2498: 2421: 2190: 1597: 1229: 1053: 1025: 972: 956: 784: 753: 670: 669:

Kahn's determined style of debate emerged from the socialist movement led by

655: 469: 465: 420: 409: 387:. Harrington was about to become famous in the United States for his book on 347: 242: 175: 163: 151: 123: 57: 2839:. News release from the "AFL–CIO International ". Washington. Archived from 861: 6582: 6562: 6084: 6039: 6034: 5994: 5829: 5809: 5764: 5699: 5634: 5619: 5534: 5524: 5479: 5429: 5419: 5409: 5379: 5374: 5364: 5349: 5309: 5244: 5224: 5219: 5199: 5194: 5184: 5144: 5099: 5069: 4452: 3520: 3161: 3034: 2927:

If I had a hammer...The death of the old left and the birth of the new left

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Lost prophet: Bayard Rustin and the quest for peace and justice in America

206:, pp. 223–224). It remains widely reprinted, for example in Rustin's 6602: 6572: 6199: 6163: 6104: 6099: 6059: 6009: 5944: 5939: 5849: 5799: 5729: 5724: 5664: 5649: 5499: 5494: 5359: 5239: 5209: 5149: 5114: 4375: 2896: 2835: 2803: 2428:(html). Washington D.C.: National Endowment for Democracy. Archived from 2109: 2103: 2001: 1997: 1949: 1234: 979: 949: 887: 813: 805: 777: 745: 640: 620: 556: 536: 502: 368: 300: 234: 3307: 3153: 1687: 6226: 5884: 5814: 5784: 5654: 5629: 5574: 5474: 5089: 5059: 4091: 3550: 3384:

Uncaptive Minds: A Journal of Information and Opinion on Eastern Europe

2711:. Washington, D.C.: Manuscript Division, Library of Congress. MSS85310. 2490: 2216: 1888: 1876: 1155:—Ghost written by Kahn, according to Horowitz (2007), pp. 223–224. 898:, which was maintained and indeed increased even after protests by the 848: 835: 516: 363:

As young socialists, Kahn's and Horowitz's talents were recognized by

3206:"Surviving the underground: How American unions helped Solidarity win" 2788:. The New Cold War History. University of North Carolina Press books. 2219:, who threw a pencil at Kahn; Newfield thought that Hayden was poised 944:) began in 1980. The Soviet-backed Communist regime headed by General 288:

on September 15, 1938, and was immediately placed for adoption at the

6204: 5674: 5659: 4039: 464:, who was also an openly gay New Yorker. Kahn accepted his 3082:

Democracy is in the streets: From Port Huron to the siege of Chicago

2485:(3). New York: Transactions Publishers (purchased by Springer): 51. 489:. Kahn and Rustin remained lifelong friends and political comrades. 2785:

Empowering Revolution: America, Poland, and the End of the Cold War

2313: 2215:. His autobiography states that Tom Kahn was called a "traitor" by 783:

Harrington handed former SDS activist and New York City journalist

3414:. Washington DC: Institute for Democracy in Eastern Europe (IDEE). 1150:

From Protest to Politics: The Future of the Civil Rights Movement.

468:

in 1956, the year that Kahn and Horowitz volunteered to help

6153: 3499: 2905:. Shofar Supplements in Jewish Studies. Purdue University Press. 2235:); Kahn's being gay "made him a wimp" in Hayden's 1962 judgment ( 1900: 1179:

vol. 14, no. 5, whole no. 60 (Sept.-Oct. 1967), pp. 517–526.

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Shevis, James M. (1981). "The AFL-CIO and Poland's Solidarity".

2127:

After resigning from SDUSA in 1973, Harrington then founded the

812:'s biography of Harrington also described this speech as Kahn's 6221: 740:

Kahn worked as a senior assistant and speechwriter for Senator

505:

movement. Kahn and Carmichael helped to fund a five-day run of

380: 1172:

vol. 13, no. 1, whole no. 50 (Jan.-Feb. 1966), pp. 22–30.

4956: 3412:"AFL-CIO support for Solidarity: Political, financial, moral" 3084:(1994 ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. 2902:

Politics and the intellectual: Conversations with Irving Howe

2366:

labor-unions and freedom of the press, among other demands. (

1064:

Director of the AFL–CIO's Department of International Affairs

1029:

government. Aid to Solidarity was also initially opposed by

623:, Kahn attended the LID-sponsored meeting that discussed the 1899:. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. pp. 240 1091:

Earlier in 1986, Kahn had learned that he was infected with

967: 643:, who observes that Kahn was the son of a "manual laborer". 2072:, p. 284). Marxist Leninists are described further by 1887:(1965) . "The economics of equality". In Ferman, Louis A.; 1163:

Garden City, NY: Doubleday and Co., 1966; pp. 144–169.

1107: 986:, the Polish labor union that challenged communism in 1980. 899: 864:; Harrington complained for six pages in his autobiography 331: 318:, who would become his lifelong friend and political ally. 257: 135:(September 15, 1938 – March 27, 1992) was an American 3468: 1807:

The League for Industrial Democracy: A documentary history

909: 2172:, p. 294) and "quite as smart as I, maybe smarter" ( 2086:

of them even sought to say a few good words for Stalin" (

1845: 1096: 3283:"Tom Kahn, leader in labor and rights movements, was 53" 1159:"Problems of the Negro Movement," in Irving Howe (ed.), 875: 6406:

Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam

6184:"Woke Up This Morning (With My Mind Stayed On Freedom)" 3321:. VS Verlag. pp. 179–235, especially 204 and 231. 1052:(representing business). The NED's first president was 1015:

twenty-one rights guaranteed by the Polish constitution

615:(SDS). Along with other LID members Rachelle Horowitz, 6430:

African American founding fathers of the United States

4783:

Chicago Freedom Movement/Chicago open housing movement

4648:

John F. Kennedy's speech to the nation on Civil Rights

2686:

In struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s

1153:

New York: League for Industrial Democracy, Feb. 1965.

4255: 3456:

Tom Kahn with Donald Slaiman of Social Democrats, USA

3441:. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. p. 352. 834:

Harrington failed to support an anti-discrimination (

733:

Tom theorized that to be either, you had to be both.

599:, and some of which appeared in anthologies. Kahn's 367:. Harrington had joined Shachtman after working with 1841:: "A socialist, feminist, anti-racist organization". 886:

After becoming an assistant to the President of the

717:

On the conservative side, foreign policy used to be

6478:

Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument

996:

as evidence of outside anti-Socialist intervention.

3186: 3062: 2953:The other American: The life of Michael Harrington 2950: 2924: 2807: 2743:(Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2004). 2578: 882:American Center for International Labor Solidarity 791:. Addressing the September 1972 Convention of the 725:And foreign policy liberal-style might be piously 578: 442: 2740:Lost prophet: The life and times of Bayard Rustin 2076:, pp. 228, 231, 240, and 254: c.f., p. 268). 1928: 1925:, pp. 24–25, 37, 74–75: c.f., pp. 55, 66–70) 6663: 5014:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) 3438:Bayard Rustin and the civil rights movement 2361: 2359: 2357: 2355: 1976:, pp. 75–76, 112–116, 127–132, c.f. p. 107) 1805:Johnpoll, Bernard K.; Yerburgh, Mark R. (1980). 1804: 1710:. Vol. 2. Chelsea House. pp. 112–113. 1394:, pp. 103, 131–132, 135, 205–209, 216, 342) 256:; this support was made despite protests by the 249:, labor unions, and civil-rights organizations. 5004:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) 4937:Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights 4828:Green v. County School Board of New Kent County 3231:. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley and Sons. pp. 1773:(1973; University of California Press, 1986). 1584:In the 1950s, " were not in the 1139:vol. 11, no. 1 (Winter 1964), pp. 108–138. 1132:vol. 10, no. 4 (Autumn 1963), pp. 316–320. 763: 6483:Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument 3658:International Labor Communications Association 2042: 6391:List of lynching victims in the United States 4729:Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States 4241: 3484: 3302:(1, Summer). World Affairs Institute: 31–35. 3061:. Washington, D.C. p. C1. Archived from 3001: 2899:(2010). Rodden, John; Goffman, Ethan (eds.). 2464: 2451: 2367: 2352: 2196:Somebody's gotta tell it: A journalist's life 2147: 2145: 1991: 1673: 1568: 1566: 1564: 412:, whom Tom Kahn assisted with organizing the 143:. He was a senior adviser and leader in the 3634:Labor Council for Latin American Advancement 2715: 2079: 2028: 2026: 2011: 1979: 1793: 1707:African-American poets: 1950s to the present 1658: 1572: 1192:"Max Shachtman: His Ideas and His Movement," 6692:Activists for African-American civil rights 4858:Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights 3699:Labor and Working-Class History Association 3377:"The gallant warrior: In memoriam Tom Kahn" 3341:"A man whose ideas helped change the world" 3224: 2977:"Max Shachtman: His ideas and his movement" 2689:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 2613: 2607: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2302: 2058: 1955: 1798: 1771:A. Philip Randolph: A Biographical Portrait 1371: 1369: 1367: 1365: 1363: 4907:Council for United Civil Rights Leadership 4248: 4234: 3491: 3477: 3335: 3203: 3184: 2595: 2557: 2551: 2538: 2532: 2470: 2151: 2142: 1916: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1733: 1669: 1667: 1596: the basement!" stated musician 1561: 816:, as "Kahn's resort to gay bashing". 702:commented that SDUSA members seemed to be 698:(SDUSA), despite Harrington's opposition. 31: 6792:Members of the Socialist Party of America 6463:Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument 3409: 3374: 3347:. Syndicated: (Thursday 23 April 1993). " 3228:Lane Kirkland: Champion of American labor 3212:(Summer). American Federation of Teachers 3098: 3019:Democratiya (Merged with Dissent in 2009) 2984:Democratiya (Merged with Dissent in 2009) 2878:Democratiya (Merged with Dissent in 2009) 2760:(Ph.D. dissertation (12 September 2007), 2703: 2664: 2477:Kahn, Tom (March 3, 1982). "Moral duty". 2340: 2308: 2290: 2129:Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee 2023: 1757: 1729: 1727: 1703: 1617: 1550: 1538: 1514: 1502: 1375: 1329: 1327: 1325: 1323: 1321: 1319: 1317: 1315: 1283: 1281: 1279: 1277: 1275: 1273: 1271: 854:Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee 525:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee 264:. He acted as the Director of the AFL–CIO 221:, Kahn supported its 1972 name change to 6498:King Center for Nonviolent Social Change 4538:University of Georgia desegregation riot 2945: 2919: 2868: 2855: 2828: 2810:The Sixties: Years of hope, days of rage 2643: 2628: 2601: 2545: 2513: 2420: 2373: 2346: 2330: 2296: 2280: 2224: 2189: 2185: 2132: 1789: 1763: 1611: 1556: 1544: 1532: 1526: 1520: 1508: 1484: 1478: 1440: 1438: 1436: 1434: 1432: 1419: 1408: 1387: 1385: 1383: 1360: 1333: 1313: 1311: 1309: 1307: 1305: 1303: 1301: 1299: 1297: 1295: 1239:vol. 13 (Summer 2008), pp. 230–261. 966: 962:twenty-one demands of the Gdansk workers 913: 679: 404: 203: 6412:Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence 6149:"If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus" 6144:"Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round" 2624: 2622: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2324: 2161: 2159: 2093: 1945: 1943: 1824: 1813: 1664: 1459: 1455: 1224:With Norman Podhoretz; introduction by 910:Support of Solidarity, the Polish union 437:1959 Youth March for Integrated Schools 321: 6664: 6326:African-American women in the movement 4778:White House Conference on Civil Rights 4609:"Segregation now, segregation forever" 3720:AFL–CIO Employees Federal Credit Union 3434: 3293: 3123: 3079: 3052: 2802: 2781: 2753: 2682: 2650:. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. 2525: 2519: 2457: 2390: 2274: 2253: 2244: 2236: 2228: 2099: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2032: 1973: 1967: 1922: 1893:Poverty in America: A book of readings 1783: 1745: 1739: 1724: 1699: 1697: 1652: 1646: 1640: 1605: 1490: 1449: 1444: 1391: 1347: 1343: 1341: 1268: 1167:"Direct Action and Democratic Values," 1128:"The Power of the March — And After," 860:and to organize a 1983 conference on 829:Young People's Socialist League (1907) 694:, and supported its change of name to 690:Kahn and Horowitz were leaders in the 449:Young People's Socialist League (YPSL) 4767:Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections 4229: 3619:Asian Pacific American Labor Alliance 3472: 3314: 3280: 2402: 2396: 1429: 1380: 1292: 1287: 1210:"Farewell to a Decade of Illusions," 1072:Kahn acted as Director of the AFL–CIO 876:AFL–CIO support for free trade-unions 6535:St. Augustine Foot Soldiers Monument 4999:Regional Council of Negro Leadership 4947:Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party 4893:Committee on Appeal for Human Rights 4370:Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company 4295:Murders of Harry and Harriette Moore 4210:Congress of Industrial Organizations 3249: 3124:Phelps, Christopher (January 2007). 3053:Kastor, Elizabeth (12 August 1992). 2971: 2895: 2619: 2568: 2476: 2444: 2407: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2156: 2115: 2087: 2052: 2048: 2017: 2005: 1985: 1961: 1940: 1934: 1883: 1851: 1496: 1404: 1402: 1400: 1246:vol. 19, no. 3 (March 1982), pg. 51. 1188:vol. 42 (July 1966), pp. 30–38. 555:" speech. For this march, Kahn also 492: 202:, was written by Kahn, according to 4942:Lowndes County Freedom Organization 4878:Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters 4548:Robert F. Kennedy's Law Day Address 3134:Journal of the History of Sexuality 1694: 1338: 1086: 1077:Department of International Affairs 982:, to organize the AFL–CIO's aid to 894:support for the Polish labor-union 269:Department of International Affairs 13: 6797:American workers' rights activists 6386:African-American churches attacked 4952:Montgomery Improvement Association 4927:Georgia Council on Human Relations 4912:Council of Federated Organizations 4883:Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) 4641:16th Street Baptist Church bombing 4599:Meredith enrollment, Ole Miss riot 4405:1957 Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom 4309:McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents 3624:Coalition of Black Trade Unionists 3368: 3178:. Summer 2008 Vol:XII, 1; Issue 45 2869:Horowitz, Rachelle (Winter 2007). 2571:"U.S. supporting Solidarity fight" 2463:Opening statement by Tom Kahn in 2450:Opening statement by Tom Kahn in ( 2314:"Socialists of America, disunited" 1825:LeBlanc, Paul (July–August 2008). 1214:vol. 11 (Dec. 1980), pp. 6–9. 1135:"Problems of the Negro Movement," 1104:acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 565:From protest to politics 16:U.S. social democrat (1938 – 1992) 14: 6808: 6782:LGBT people from New York (state) 6727:American male non-fiction writers 6687:20th-century American LGBT people 6682:20th-century American biographers 6458:Birmingham Civil Rights Institute 6331:Jews in the civil rights movement 3419: 2990:(Winter): 252–259. Archived from 2647:Bayard Rustin: Troubles I've seen 1397: 613:Students for a Democratic Society 6747:American social sciences writers 6652:Civil rights movement portal 6645: 6493:Freedom Riders National Monument 6235:The Kingdom of God Is Within You 4747:1965 Selma to Montgomery marches 4706:1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests 4593:Second Emancipation Proclamation 3410:Chenoweth, Eric (October 2010). 3281:Saxon, Wolfgang (1 April 1992). 2678:(U.S. ed.). pp. 28–35. 2299:, footnote 58, pp. 249–250) 1809:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. 1348:Rustin, Bayard (February 1965). 1046:National Endowment for Democracy 1007:of the benefits of Western aid. 768:Another protégé of Shachtman's, 6787:Members of Social Democrats USA 6767:Erasmus Hall High School alumni 6702:AIDS-related deaths in Maryland 6520:Mississippi Civil Rights Museum 6508:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial 4984:National Council of Negro Women 4922:Deacons for Defense and Justice 4215:Directly affiliated local union 3375:Chenoweth, Eric (Summer 1992). 3233:73, 134, 176, 182, 186, and 206 3031:League for Industrial Democracy 2871:"Archive: The Life of Tom Khan" 2829:Hardesty, Rex (28 March 1992). 2562: 2121: 1869:League for Industrial Democracy 1859:. L.I.D. pamphlet. Foreword by 1751: 1578: 928:Solidarity (Polish trade union) 585:League for Industrial Democracy 579:League for Industrial Democracy 443:Homosexuality and Bayard Rustin 429:Prayer Pilgrimage to Washington 400: 352:1956 Soviet invasion of Hungary 200:League for Industrial Democracy 6717:American democratic socialists 4400:Mansfield school desegregation 3689:International Rescue Committee 3629:Coalition of Labor Union Women 3614:Alliance for Retired Americans 3424: 3349:Remembering a man who mattered 3185:Puddington, Arch (July 1992). 1413: 1183:"The Problem of the New Left," 1175:"The Riots and the Radicals," 793:United Steelworkers of America 787:a speech by AFL–CIO President 535:Kahn (along with Horowitz and 338:Kahn and Horowitz joined the 194:"). (This article, originally 178:, Kahn helped to organize the 1: 6530:National Voting Rights Museum 6473:Civil Rights Movement Archive 6272:Lynching in the United States 6159:"Keep Your Eyes on the Prize" 4614:Stand in the Schoolhouse Door 4587:University of Chicago sit-ins 4354:Davis v. Prince Edward County 3668:Working for America Institute 2704:Cartledge, Connie L. (2009). 2637: 2569:Pear, Robert (10 July 1988). 1891:; Kornbluh, Joyce L. (eds.). 530: 279: 162:, where he was influenced by 6757:American trade union leaders 6732:American political activists 6712:American democracy activists 6525:National Civil Rights Museum 6381:March on Washington Movement 6366:Dexter Avenue Baptist Church 4835:Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. 4205:American Federation of Labor 3609:A. Philip Randolph Institute 3027:Committee for the Free World 2780:Revised and incorporated in 2762:George Washington University 2725:. New York: The Free Press. 2577:. Albany, NY. Archived from 1093:human immunodeficiency virus 764:Estrangement with Harrington 658:in the thirties. Afterward, 511:, by the Marxist playwright 423:, one of the leaders of the 389:poverty in the United States 274: 7: 6169:"This Little Light of Mine" 4917:Dallas County Voters League 4863:Atlanta Negro Voters League 4626:Letter from Birmingham Jail 4333:Brown v. Board of Education 3498: 2856:Horowitz, Rachelle (2005). 2782:Domber, Gregory F. (2014). 2754:Domber, Gregory F. (2008). 1024:, whose Secretary of State 756:, and other leaders of the 515:and the socialist composer 290:New York Foundling Hospital 245:, and other leaders of the 10: 6813: 6737:American political writers 6503:Martin Luther King Jr. Day 6371:Holt Street Baptist Church 6341:16th Street Baptist Church 5325:Annie Bell Robinson Devine 4969:Nashville Student Movement 4899:An Appeal for Human Rights 3250:Sale, Kirkpatrick (1973). 3225:Puddington, Arch (2005k). 2683:Carson, Clayborne (1981). 2465:Kahn & Podhoretz (2008 1871:. pp. ii & 1–70. 1143:The Economics of Equality. 971:Tom Kahn was appointed by 955:In 1980 AFL–CIO President 925: 879: 742:Henry "Scoop" Jackson 710:principal "theoretician." 696:Social Democrats, USA 683: 573:William Julius Wilson 305:Brooklyn Union Gas Company 296:, became President of the 231:Henry "Scoop" Jackson 223:Social Democrats, USA 219:Socialist Party of America 6742:American social democrats 6641: 6543: 6445: 6259: 6192: 6134: 6113: 6000:Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson 5970:Modjeska Monteith Simkins 5042: 5034:Women's Political Council 5029:Wednesdays in Mississippi 5024:United Auto Workers (UAW) 5009:Southern Regional Council 4979:Northern Student Movement 4888:Committee for Freedom Now 4848: 4795:Memphis sanitation strike 4761:Voting Rights Act of 1965 4683: 4504:Savannah Protest Movement 4466: 4324: 4285:Journey of Reconciliation 4277: 4264: 4197: 4120: 3737: 3712: 3676: 3650: 3601: 3560: 3513: 3506: 3204:Puddington, Arch (2005). 2884:: 204–251. Archived from 2644:Anderson, Jervis (1997). 2452:Kahn & Podhoretz 2008 2368:Kahn & Podhoretz 2008 1857:The economics of equality 827:, then an officer of the 601:The Economics of Equality 583:Kahn was Director of the 119: 100: 88: 69: 39: 30: 23: 6777:Howard University alumni 4868:Atlanta Student Movement 4817:Civil Rights Act of 1968 4742:1964–1965 Scripto strike 4723:Civil Rights Act of 1964 4621:1963 Birmingham campaign 4514:Civil Rights Act of 1960 4438:Civil Rights Act of 1957 4035:Printers & Engravers 3188:"A hero of the cold war" 1676:The Massachusetts Review 1588:— were in the 1262: 1257:—Speech of January 1985. 1122: 920:21 demands of Solidarity 866:The Long Distance Runner 823:, Kahn's friend, and by 729:but nervous about being 545:1963 March on Washington 414:1963 March on Washington 312:Erasmus Hall High School 192:From Protest to Politics 180:1963 March on Washington 6762:Brooklyn College alumni 6420:Voter Education Project 6174:"We Shall Not Be Moved" 5835:Adam Clayton Powell Jr. 5270:Josephine Dobbs Clement 4696:Chester school protests 4691:Twenty-fourth Amendment 4653:Detroit Walk to Freedom 4395:Tallahassee bus boycott 4316:Baton Rouge bus boycott 3684:American Rights at Work 3435:Levine, Daniel (2000). 3033:, with introduction by 2349:, pp. 353 and 430) 1861:A. Philip Randolph 1682:(4 (Winter)): 634–636. 1460:Drucker, Peter (1994). 1112:Silver Spring, Maryland 1056:, a former director of 992:dollars for that fund. 978:, the President of the 952:in December 1981. 858:Socialist International 664:Progressive Labor Party 561:A. Philip Randolph 541:A. Philip Randolph 484:historically black 160:U.S. socialist movement 81:Silver Spring, Maryland 6752:American speechwriters 6633:Movement photographers 5875:Bernice Johnson Reagon 5595:Martin Luther King Sr. 5590:Martin Luther King Jr. 5160:William Holmes Borders 4932:Highlander Folk School 4822:Poor People's Campaign 4675:St. Augustine movement 4525:Gomillion v. Lightfoot 4448:Katz Drug Store sit-in 4419:Royal Ice Cream sit-in 4381:Montgomery bus boycott 4123:central labor councils 4121:State federations and 3725:National Labor College 3694:Jewish Labor Committee 3643:Union Veterans Council 3583:Professional Employees 3193:The American Spectator 3080:Miller, James (1987). 2199:. St. Martin's Press. 1010: 1009: 998: 987: 923: 802: 738: 549:Martin Luther King Jr. 487:Howard University 480: 458: 416: 361: 354:: Shachtman described 336:undergraduate students 184:Martin Luther King Jr. 170:. As an assistant to 6468:Civil Rights Memorial 6356:Bethel Baptist Church 6005:Charles Kenzie Steele 5450:Audrey Faye Hendricks 5355:Myrlie Evers-Williams 5335:Patricia Stephens Due 5305:Abraham Lincoln Davis 5240:Colia Lafayette Clark 4994:Operation Breadbasket 4989:National Urban League 4736:Katzenbach v. McClung 4604:Atlanta's Berlin Wall 4257:Civil rights movement 3588:Transportation Trades 3146:10.1353/sex.2007.0042 3130:(Winter 1952) p. 21)" 2668:(February 24, 1992). 2221:physically to assault 1058:Social Democrats, USA 1022:Carter Administration 1004: 999: 989: 970: 932:History of Solidarity 917: 904:Carter administration 797: 704: 686:Social Democrats, USA 680:Social Democrats, USA 475: 462:David McReynolds 453: 425:Civil Rights Movement 408: 356: 262:Carter administration 141:Civil Rights Movement 6722:American gay writers 6513:other King memorials 6488:Freedom Rides Museum 6425:1960s counterculture 6376:Edmund Pettus Bridge 6055:Walter Francis White 5960:Alexander D. Shimkin 4474:New Year's Day March 4443:Ministers' Manifesto 4290:Executive Order 9981 3651:Allied organizations 2254:Hayden, Tom (1989). 2213:Port Huron Statement 2137:424, footnotes 52–53 1464:. Humanities Press. 629:Port Huron Statement 625:Port Huron Statement 539:) helped Rustin and 377:house of hospitality 344:democratic socialism 322:Democratic socialism 137:social democrat 6251:Mary McLeod Bethune 6212:Sermon on the Mount 6179:"We Shall Overcome" 5760:William Lewis Moore 5540:Frank Minis Johnson 5515:Richie Jean Jackson 5470:Donald L. Hollowell 5275:Charles E. Cobb Jr. 5080:Gwendolyn Armstrong 5075:William G. Anderson 5055:Victoria Gray Adams 5019:The Freedom Singers 4873:Black Panther Party 4658:March on Washington 4571:Garner v. Louisiana 4532:Boynton v. Virginia 3602:Constituency groups 3353:The Indiana Gazette 3109:Commentary Magazine 3059:The Washington Post 3025:. sponsored by the 2831:"Tom Kahn obituary" 2764:). pp. 1–506. 2604:, pp. 243–244) 2432:on October 11, 2011 2424:(August 29, 2011). 2318:The Weekly Standard 2312:(August 28, 2000). 1831:Against the Current 1627:Commentary Magazine 1499:, pp. 254–255) 1161:The Radical Papers. 1050:Chamber of Commerce 946:Wojciech Jaruzelski 692:Socialist Party USA 662:, particularly the 294:Communist Party USA 212:Time on two crosses 150:Kahn was raised in 145:U.S. labor movement 6568:Michael Eric Dyson 6453:In popular culture 6336:Fifth Circuit Four 6320:Loving v. Virginia 6313:Hernandez v. Texas 6292:Buchanan v. Warley 6284:Separate but equal 6278:Plessy v. Ferguson 6241:Frederick Douglass 6075:Robert F. Williams 5985:Kelly Miller Smith 5965:Fred Shuttlesworth 5890:Frederick D. Reese 5870:George Raymond Jr. 5860:A. Philip Randolph 5840:Fay Bellamy Powell 5755:Queen Mother Moore 5640:Z. Alexander Looby 5585:Coretta Scott King 5530:Barbara Rose Johns 5510:Jimmie Lee Jackson 5435:William E. Harbour 5215:Stokely Carmichael 5130:Randolph Blackwell 4800:King assassination 4789:Loving v. Virginia 4773:March Against Fear 4753:How Long, Not Long 4631:Children's Crusade 4582:Cambridge movement 4519:Ax Handle Saturday 4484:Greensboro sit-ins 4411:Give Us the Ballot 3461:2011-07-13 at the 3067:on 1 December 2017 3037:and moderation by 2957:. Public Affairs. 2843:on 24 October 2012 2583:on 25 January 2013 2575:Albany Times Union 2491:10.1007/BF02698967 1897:Michael Harrington 1895:. Introduction by 1882: • 1865:Michael Harrington 1424:unpaginated source 1197:2010-06-20 at the 988: 924: 862:European socialism 770:Michael Harrington 656:mass organizations 617:Michael Harrington 569:Stokely Carmichael 499:Stokely Carmichael 470:Bayard Rustin 417: 365:Michael Harrington 348:Max Shachtman 286:Thomas John Marcel 243:Lane Kirkland 168:Michael Harrington 54:September 15, 1938 44:Thomas John Marcel 6707:American adoptees 6659: 6658: 6436:Eyes on the Prize 6351:A.G. Gaston Motel 6346:Kelly Ingram Park 6306:Sweatt v. Painter 5990:Mary Louise Smith 5950:Cleveland Sellers 5935:Michael Schwerner 5900:Gloria Richardson 5680:Thurgood Marshall 5600:Bernard Lafayette 5330:John Wesley Dobbs 4844: 4843: 4563:Birmingham attack 4543:Rock Hill sit-ins 4494:Sibley Commission 4489:Nashville sit-ins 4361:Gebhart v. Belton 4347:Briggs v. Elliott 4340:Bolling v. Sharpe 4301:Sweatt v. Painter 4223: 4222: 3739:Affiliated unions 3733: 3732: 3663:Solidarity Center 3547: (2009–2021) 3541: (1995–2009) 3533:Thomas R. Donahue 3529: (1979–1995) 3523: (1955–1979) 3355:p. 2 (pdf format) 3339:(22 April 1992). 3328:978-3-531-17769-4 3259:. Vintage Books. 3210:American Educator 3100:Muravchik, Joshua 3091:978-0-674-19725-1 3004:Podhoretz, Norman 2947:Isserman, Maurice 2921:Isserman, Maurice 2912:978-1-55753-551-1 2864:on March 3, 2011. 2771:978-0-549-38516-5 2696:978-0-674-44727-1 2657:978-0-06-016702-8 2614:Puddington (2005k 2558:Puddington (2005) 2310:Muravchik, Joshua 2265:978-0-02-033105-6 2258:. Collier Books. 2256:Reunion: A memoir 2206:978-0-312-26900-5 2152:Wattenberg (1992) 2020:, pp. 25–26) 1964:, pp. 22–25) 1779:978-0-520-05505-6 1769:Jervis Anderson, 1619:Muravchik, Joshua 1258: 1156: 1038:Jeane Kirkpatrick 1031:neo-conservatives 821:Rachelle Horowitz 521:Howard University 508:Three Penny Opera 493:Howard University 394:The Other America 316:Rachelle Horowitz 303: 101 of the 298:Transport Workers 239:George Meany 130: 129: 109:Howard University 94:Thomas David Kahn 6804: 6650: 6649: 6613:Charles M. Payne 6598:Steven F. Lawson 6588:David Halberstam 6558:Clayborne Carson 6299:Hocutt v. Wilson 6246:W. E. B. Du Bois 6095:Sammy Younge Jr. 6080:Q. V. Williamson 6045:Wyatt Tee Walker 5910:Bernice Robinson 5855:Lincoln Ragsdale 5845:Rodney N. Powell 5740:Douglas E. Moore 5615:Sanford R. Leigh 5550:J. Charles Jones 5425:Fannie Lou Hamer 5340:Joseph Ellwanger 5300:Jonathan Daniels 5290:Claudette Colvin 5280:Annie Lee Cooper 5265:Kathleen Cleaver 5260:Eldridge Cleaver 5235:Shirley Chisholm 5125:Gloria Blackwell 4716:workers' murders 4663:"I Have a Dream" 4558:Anniston bombing 4509:Greenville Eight 4424:Little Rock Nine 4387:Browder v. Gayle 4275: 4274: 4250: 4243: 4236: 4227: 4226: 4179:Washington State 3511: 3510: 3493: 3486: 3479: 3470: 3469: 3452: 3415: 3406: 3404: 3398:. Archived from 3381: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3332: 3311: 3290: 3277: 3275: 3269:. Archived from 3258: 3246: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3200: 3190: 3181: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3102:(January 2006). 3095: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3066: 3049: 3047: 3016: 3008:"How to support 2998: 2996: 2981: 2968: 2956: 2942: 2930: 2916: 2892: 2890: 2875: 2865: 2860:. Archived from 2852: 2850: 2848: 2825: 2814:. Bantam Books. 2813: 2799: 2779: 2736: 2712: 2710: 2700: 2679: 2661: 2632: 2626: 2617: 2611: 2605: 2599: 2593: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2582: 2566: 2560: 2555: 2549: 2542: 2536: 2533:Puddington (1992 2529: 2523: 2517: 2511: 2510: 2474: 2468: 2461: 2455: 2448: 2442: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2418: 2405: 2400: 2394: 2388: 2371: 2363: 2350: 2344: 2338: 2335:424, footnote 61 2328: 2322: 2321: 2306: 2300: 2294: 2288: 2278: 2272: 2269: 2210: 2183: 2177: 2163: 2154: 2149: 2140: 2125: 2119: 2113: 2107: 2097: 2091: 2083: 2077: 2062: 2056: 2046: 2040: 2030: 2021: 2015: 2009: 1995: 1989: 1983: 1977: 1971: 1965: 1959: 1953: 1947: 1938: 1932: 1926: 1920: 1914: 1913: 1880: 1849: 1843: 1842: 1822: 1811: 1810: 1802: 1796: 1787: 1781: 1767: 1761: 1755: 1749: 1743: 1737: 1734:Puddington (1992 1731: 1722: 1721: 1701: 1692: 1691: 1671: 1662: 1656: 1650: 1644: 1638: 1637: 1635: 1633: 1621:(January 2006). 1615: 1609: 1608:, pp. 2–3). 1582: 1576: 1570: 1559: 1554: 1548: 1542: 1536: 1530: 1524: 1518: 1512: 1506: 1500: 1494: 1488: 1482: 1476: 1475: 1453: 1447: 1442: 1427: 1417: 1411: 1406: 1395: 1389: 1378: 1376:Bernstein (1992) 1373: 1358: 1357: 1345: 1336: 1331: 1290: 1285: 1256: 1218:"How to Support 1154: 1087:Living with AIDS 1075: 1034:Norman Podhoretz 893: 870:Maurice Isserman 825:Joshua Muravchik 814:self hatred 810:Maurice Isserman 758:Democratic Party 660:Marxism Leninism 648:exclusion clause 633:Soviet communism 328:Brooklyn College 267: 247:Democratic Party 227:Soviet communism 217:A leader in the 158:, he joined the 156:Brooklyn College 105:Brooklyn College 89:Other names 76: 53: 51: 35: 21: 20: 6812: 6811: 6807: 6806: 6805: 6803: 6802: 6801: 6662: 6661: 6660: 6655: 6644: 6637: 6618:Thomas E. Ricks 6608:Diane McWhorter 6593:Vincent Harding 6578:Adam Fairclough 6545: 6539: 6441: 6396:Freedom Schools 6255: 6188: 6136: 6130: 6121:Omaha, Nebraska 6109: 6025:Hartman Turnbow 6015:Dorothy Tillman 5975:Glenn E. Smiley 5955:Charles Sherrod 5915:Jo Ann Robinson 5790:Charles Neblett 5780:Elijah Muhammad 5745:Harriette Moore 5705:Floyd McKissick 5690:Franklin McCain 5625:Stanley Levison 5490:T. R. M. Howard 5440:Vincent Harding 5370:Walter Fauntroy 5255:Xernona Clayton 5205:John H. Calhoun 5190:Aurelia Browder 5180:Stanley Branche 5175:Raylawni Branch 5155:Joseph E. Boone 5140:Ezell Blair Jr. 5135:Unita Blackwell 5110:Harry Belafonte 5050:Ralph Abernathy 5038: 4974:Nation of Islam 4850: 4840: 4679: 4636:Birmingham riot 4577:Albany Movement 4499:Atlanta sit-ins 4479:Sit-in movement 4462: 4458:Biloxi wade-ins 4430:Cooper v. Aaron 4320: 4266: 4260: 4254: 4224: 4219: 4193: 4122: 4116: 3729: 3708: 3704:Working America 3672: 3646: 3597: 3573:Maritime Trades 3568:Building Trades 3556: 3539:John J. Sweeney 3502: 3497: 3463:Wayback Machine 3449: 3427: 3422: 3402: 3379: 3371: 3369:Further reading 3358: 3356: 3337:Wattenberg, Ben 3329: 3273: 3267: 3256: 3243: 3215: 3213: 3128:Young Socialist 3114: 3112: 3092: 3070: 3068: 3045: 3014: 3006:(Summer 2008). 2994: 2979: 2965: 2939: 2931:. Basic Books. 2913: 2888: 2873: 2846: 2844: 2822: 2796: 2772: 2737:Republished as 2733: 2708: 2697: 2666:Bernstein, Carl 2658: 2640: 2635: 2627: 2620: 2612: 2608: 2600: 2596: 2586: 2584: 2567: 2563: 2556: 2552: 2548:, p. 237). 2543: 2539: 2530: 2526: 2518: 2514: 2475: 2471: 2462: 2458: 2449: 2445: 2435: 2433: 2419: 2408: 2401: 2397: 2389: 2374: 2364: 2353: 2345: 2341: 2329: 2325: 2307: 2303: 2295: 2291: 2279: 2275: 2266: 2207: 2188:, p. 66): 2184: 2180: 2176:, p. 189). 2164: 2157: 2150: 2143: 2126: 2122: 2114: 2110: 2098: 2094: 2090:, p. 269). 2084: 2080: 2063: 2059: 2047: 2043: 2031: 2024: 2016: 2012: 1996: 1992: 1984: 1980: 1972: 1968: 1960: 1956: 1948: 1941: 1933: 1929: 1921: 1917: 1910: 1881: 1850: 1846: 1823: 1814: 1803: 1799: 1794:D'Emilio (2003) 1790:Anderson (1997) 1788: 1784: 1768: 1764: 1758:Cartledge (2009 1756: 1752: 1744: 1740: 1732: 1725: 1718: 1702: 1695: 1672: 1665: 1657: 1653: 1645: 1641: 1631: 1629: 1616: 1612: 1604:, as quoted in 1602:Martin Duberman 1583: 1579: 1571: 1562: 1557:Isserman (1987) 1555: 1551: 1543: 1539: 1531: 1527: 1519: 1515: 1507: 1503: 1495: 1491: 1483: 1479: 1472: 1458:, p. 269): 1454: 1450: 1443: 1430: 1418: 1414: 1409:Hardesty (1992) 1407: 1398: 1390: 1381: 1374: 1361: 1346: 1339: 1334:Horowitz (2007) 1332: 1293: 1286: 1269: 1265: 1228:; moderated by 1199:Wayback Machine 1125: 1102:Kahn died from 1089: 1079:in 1986, after 1073: 1066: 934: 912: 891: 884: 878: 849:The Nation 774:Socialist Party 766: 731:anti-communist. 719:anti-communist, 688: 682: 652:totalitarianism 609: 581: 551:delivered his " 533: 513:Berthold Brecht 495: 445: 403: 385:Lower Manhattan 373:Catholic Worker 324: 282: 277: 265: 196:a 1964 pamphlet 186:delivered his " 182:, during which 107: 95: 93: 84: 78: 74: 65: 55: 49: 47: 46: 45: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6810: 6800: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6697:AFL–CIO people 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6657: 6656: 6642: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6635: 6630: 6628:Akinyele Umoja 6625: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6549: 6547: 6541: 6540: 6538: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6516: 6515: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6449: 6447: 6443: 6442: 6440: 6439: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6416: 6415: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6316: 6309: 6302: 6295: 6288: 6287: 6286: 6274: 6269: 6263: 6261: 6257: 6256: 6254: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6231: 6230: 6229: 6224: 6217:Mahatma Gandhi 6214: 6209: 6208: 6207: 6196: 6194: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6140: 6138: 6132: 6131: 6129: 6128: 6126:South Carolina 6123: 6117: 6115: 6111: 6110: 6108: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6072: 6067: 6065:Hosea Williams 6062: 6057: 6052: 6050:Hollis Watkins 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5980:A. Maceo Smith 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5930:Bernie Sanders 5927: 5922: 5920:Angela Russell 5917: 5912: 5907: 5905:David Richmond 5902: 5897: 5895:Walter Reuther 5892: 5887: 5882: 5880:Cordell Reagon 5877: 5872: 5867: 5865:George Raymond 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5825:Charles Person 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5795:Huey P. Newton 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5750:Harry T. Moore 5747: 5742: 5737: 5735:Cecil B. Moore 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5715:James Meredith 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5545:Clarence Jones 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5485:Zilphia Horton 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5455:Lola Hendricks 5452: 5447: 5445:Dorothy Height 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5415:Lawrence Guyot 5412: 5407: 5405:Jack Greenberg 5402: 5397: 5392: 5390:Andrew Goodman 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5315:Joseph DeLaine 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5285:Dorothy Cotton 5282: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5232: 5230:J. L. Chestnut 5227: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5165:Amelia Boynton 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5085:Arnold Aronson 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5046: 5044: 5040: 5039: 5037: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4965: 4964: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4903: 4902: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4854: 4852: 4846: 4845: 4842: 4841: 4839: 4838: 4831: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4813: 4812: 4807: 4797: 4792: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4763: 4758: 4757: 4756: 4744: 4739: 4732: 4725: 4720: 4719: 4718: 4711:Freedom Summer 4708: 4703: 4701:Bloody Tuesday 4698: 4693: 4687: 4685: 4681: 4680: 4678: 4677: 4672: 4671: 4670: 4665: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4644: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4618: 4617: 4616: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4567: 4566: 4565: 4560: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4528: 4521: 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3735: 3734: 3731: 3730: 3728: 3727: 3722: 3716: 3714: 3710: 3709: 3707: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3680: 3678: 3674: 3673: 3671: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3654: 3652: 3648: 3647: 3645: 3644: 3641: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3605: 3603: 3599: 3598: 3596: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3564: 3562: 3558: 3557: 3555: 3554: 3553:(2021–present) 3548: 3545:Richard Trumka 3542: 3536: 3530: 3524: 3517: 3515: 3508: 3504: 3503: 3496: 3495: 3488: 3481: 3473: 3467: 3466: 3453: 3447: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3420:External links 3418: 3417: 3416: 3407: 3405:on 2015-10-19. 3370: 3367: 3366: 3365: 3333: 3327: 3312: 3291: 3287:New York Times 3278: 3276:on 2012-05-14. 3265: 3247: 3241: 3222: 3201: 3182: 3121: 3096: 3090: 3077: 3050: 3048:on 2012-03-20. 2999: 2997:on 2010-06-20. 2969: 2963: 2943: 2937: 2917: 2911: 2893: 2891:on 2010-06-20. 2866: 2853: 2826: 2820: 2800: 2794: 2770: 2751: 2731: 2717:D'Emilio, John 2713: 2701: 2695: 2680: 2662: 2656: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2633: 2631:, p. 239) 2629:Horowitz (2007 2618: 2616:, p. 182) 2606: 2602:Horowitz (2007 2594: 2561: 2550: 2546:Horowitz (2005 2537: 2524: 2512: 2469: 2467:, p. 235) 2456: 2454:, p. 233) 2443: 2422:Gershman, Carl 2406: 2395: 2393:, p. 31). 2372: 2351: 2347:Isserman (2000 2339: 2331:Isserman (2000 2323: 2301: 2297:Horowitz (2005 2289: 2281:Isserman (2000 2273: 2264: 2205: 2191:Newfield, Jack 2186:Newfield (2002 2178: 2155: 2141: 2120: 2118:, p. 257) 2108: 2092: 2078: 2057: 2055:, p. 253) 2041: 2022: 2010: 2008:, p. 88). 1990: 1988:, p. 105) 1978: 1966: 1954: 1950:Gitlin, p. 119 1939: 1927: 1915: 1908: 1844: 1812: 1797: 1782: 1762: 1750: 1748:, p. 263) 1738: 1723: 1716: 1693: 1663: 1661:, p. 320) 1659:D'Emilio (2003 1651: 1639: 1610: 1577: 1575:, p. 278) 1573:D'Emilio (2003 1560: 1549: 1547:, p. 160) 1545:Isserman (2000 1537: 1535:, p. 159) 1533:Isserman (2000 1525: 1523:, p. 213) 1521:Horowitz (2007 1513: 1511:, p. 211) 1509:Horowitz (2007 1501: 1489: 1487:, p. 210) 1485:Horowitz (2007 1477: 1470: 1448: 1428: 1420:Horowitz (2007 1412: 1396: 1379: 1359: 1337: 1291: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1260: 1259: 1247: 1242:"Moral Duty," 1240: 1215: 1208: 1207:Nov. 15, 1972. 1189: 1180: 1173: 1164: 1157: 1146: 1140: 1133: 1124: 1121: 1088: 1085: 1065: 1062: 911: 908: 877: 874: 765: 762: 727:pro-democracy, 723:pro-democracy. 700:Ben Wattenberg 681: 678: 637:anti-communism 608: 605: 580: 577: 559:the speech of 553:I Have a Dream 532: 529: 523:'s chapter of 494: 491: 444: 441: 402: 399: 346:after hearing 323: 320: 284:Kahn was born 281: 278: 276: 273: 204:Horowitz (2007 188:I Have a Dream 133:Tom David Kahn 128: 127: 121: 117: 116: 102: 98: 97: 90: 86: 85: 79: 77:(aged 53) 73:March 27, 1992 71: 67: 66: 56: 43: 41: 37: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6809: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6669: 6667: 6654: 6653: 6648: 6640: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6623:Timothy Tyson 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6553:Taylor Branch 6551: 6550: 6548: 6542: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6514: 6511: 6510: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6450: 6448: 6444: 6438: 6437: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6413: 6409: 6408: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6401:Freedom songs 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6321: 6317: 6315: 6314: 6310: 6308: 6307: 6303: 6301: 6300: 6296: 6294: 6293: 6289: 6285: 6282: 6281: 6280: 6279: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6267:Jim Crow laws 6265: 6264: 6262: 6258: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6236: 6232: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6219: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6206: 6203: 6202: 6201: 6198: 6197: 6195: 6191: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6164:"Oh, Freedom" 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6141: 6139: 6133: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6118: 6116: 6112: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6090:Whitney Young 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6071: 6070:Kale Williams 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6030:Albert Turner 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6020:A. 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Tureaud 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5925:Bayard Rustin 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5775:William Moyer 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5710:Joseph McNeil 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5695:Charles McDew 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5685:Benjamin Mays 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5670:Vivian Malone 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5645:Joseph Lowery 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5570:Clyde Kennard 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5560:Vernon Jordan 5558: 5556: 5555:Matthew Jones 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5520:T. J. Jemison 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5505:Jesse Jackson 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5395:Robert Graetz 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5385:Golden Frinks 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5345:Charles Evers 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5295:Vernon Dahmer 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5250:Septima Clark 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5170:Bruce Boynton 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5095:James Baldwin 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5065:Mathew Ahmann 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5047: 5045: 5041: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4963: 4962:Youth Council 4960: 4959: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4920: 4918: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4901: 4900: 4896: 4895: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4855: 4853: 4847: 4837: 4836: 4832: 4830: 4829: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4802: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4790: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4768: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4754: 4750: 4749: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4737: 4733: 4731: 4730: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4717: 4714: 4713: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4688: 4686: 4682: 4676: 4673: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4660: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4623: 4622: 4619: 4615: 4612: 4611: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4594: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4555: 4554: 4553:Freedom Rides 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4533: 4529: 4527: 4526: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4465: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4432: 4431: 4427: 4426: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4412: 4408: 4407: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4398: 4396: 4393: 4389: 4388: 4384: 4383: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4362: 4358: 4356: 4355: 4351: 4349: 4348: 4344: 4342: 4341: 4337: 4336: 4335: 4334: 4330: 4329: 4327: 4323: 4317: 4314: 4311: 4310: 4306: 4303: 4302: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4282: 4280: 4278:Prior to 1954 4276: 4273: 4270: 4263: 4258: 4251: 4246: 4244: 4239: 4237: 4232: 4231: 4228: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4202: 4200: 4196: 4190: 4189:West Virginia 4187: 4184: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4159: 4158:New York City 4155: 4153: 4152:Massachusetts 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4132: 4128: 4127: 4125: 4119: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4081: 4078: 4076: 4073: 4072: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3989: 3986: 3985: 3984: 3981: 3977: 3974: 3973: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3901: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3851: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3749: 3748: 3745: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3736: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3717: 3715: 3711: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3677:Allied groups 3675: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3649: 3642: 3640: 3639:Pride at Work 3637: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3606: 3604: 3600: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3565: 3563: 3559: 3552: 3549: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3527:Lane Kirkland 3525: 3522: 3519: 3518: 3516: 3512: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3494: 3489: 3487: 3482: 3480: 3475: 3474: 3471: 3464: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3450: 3448:0-8135-2718-X 3444: 3440: 3439: 3432: 3429: 3428: 3413: 3408: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3378: 3373: 3372: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3345:Baltimore Sun 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3324: 3320: 3319: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3296:World Affairs 3292: 3288: 3284: 3279: 3272: 3268: 3266:0-39471-965-4 3262: 3255: 3254: 3248: 3244: 3242:0-471-41694-0 3238: 3234: 3230: 3229: 3223: 3211: 3207: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3189: 3183: 3179: 3177: 3174:Reprinted in 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3129: 3122: 3111: 3110: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3087: 3083: 3078: 3065: 3060: 3056: 3051: 3044: 3040: 3039:Carl Gershman 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3013: 3011: 3005: 3000: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2964:1-58648-036-7 2960: 2955: 2954: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2938:0-465-03197-8 2934: 2929: 2928: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2908: 2904: 2903: 2898: 2894: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2872: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2854: 2842: 2838: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2823: 2821:0-553-37212-2 2817: 2812: 2811: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2795:9781469618517 2791: 2787: 2786: 2777: 2773: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2758: 2752: 2750: 2749:0-226-14269-8 2746: 2742: 2741: 2734: 2732:0-684-82780-8 2728: 2724: 2723: 2718: 2714: 2707: 2702: 2698: 2692: 2688: 2687: 2681: 2677: 2676: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2653: 2649: 2648: 2642: 2641: 2630: 2625: 2623: 2615: 2610: 2603: 2598: 2581: 2576: 2572: 2565: 2559: 2554: 2547: 2541: 2535:, p. 42) 2534: 2528: 2522:, p. 32) 2521: 2516: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2473: 2466: 2460: 2453: 2447: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2404: 2399: 2392: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2369: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2356: 2348: 2343: 2336: 2332: 2327: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2305: 2298: 2293: 2286: 2282: 2277: 2271: 2267: 2261: 2257: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2225:Newfield 2002 2222: 2218: 2214: 2208: 2202: 2198: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2162: 2160: 2153: 2148: 2146: 2138: 2134: 2133:Isserman 2000 2130: 2124: 2117: 2112: 2105: 2101: 2096: 2089: 2082: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2061: 2054: 2050: 2045: 2038: 2034: 2029: 2027: 2019: 2014: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1994: 1987: 1982: 1975: 1970: 1963: 1958: 1951: 1946: 1944: 1937:, p. 29) 1936: 1931: 1924: 1919: 1911: 1909:0-472-08331-7 1905: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1848: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1808: 1801: 1795: 1791: 1786: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1766: 1760:, p. 3). 1759: 1754: 1747: 1742: 1736:, p. 43) 1735: 1730: 1728: 1719: 1717:9781438134369 1713: 1709: 1708: 1700: 1698: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1670: 1668: 1660: 1655: 1648: 1643: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1614: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1598:Quincy Troupe 1595: 1591: 1587: 1581: 1574: 1569: 1567: 1565: 1558: 1553: 1546: 1541: 1534: 1529: 1522: 1517: 1510: 1505: 1498: 1493: 1486: 1481: 1473: 1471:0-391-03816-8 1467: 1463: 1457: 1456:Drucker (1994 1452: 1446: 1445:Kastor (1992) 1441: 1439: 1437: 1435: 1433: 1425: 1421: 1416: 1410: 1405: 1403: 1401: 1393: 1388: 1386: 1384: 1377: 1372: 1370: 1368: 1366: 1364: 1355: 1351: 1344: 1342: 1335: 1330: 1328: 1326: 1324: 1322: 1320: 1318: 1316: 1314: 1312: 1310: 1308: 1306: 1304: 1302: 1300: 1298: 1296: 1289: 1284: 1282: 1280: 1278: 1276: 1274: 1272: 1267: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1231: 1230:Carl Gershman 1227: 1223: 1221: 1216: 1213: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1158: 1152: 1151: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1134: 1131: 1127: 1126: 1120: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1100: 1098: 1094: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1070: 1061: 1059: 1055: 1054:Carl Gershman 1051: 1047: 1041: 1039: 1035: 1032: 1027: 1026:Edmund Muskie 1023: 1018: 1016: 1008: 1003: 997: 993: 985: 981: 977: 974: 973:Lane Kirkland 969: 965: 963: 958: 957:Lane Kirkland 953: 951: 947: 943: 939: 933: 929: 921: 916: 907: 905: 901: 897: 889: 883: 873: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 850: 845: 841: 837: 832: 830: 826: 822: 817: 815: 811: 807: 801: 796: 794: 790: 786: 785:Jack Newfield 781: 779: 775: 771: 761: 759: 755: 754:Lane Kirkland 751: 747: 743: 737: 734: 732: 728: 724: 721:but not very 720: 715: 711: 707: 703: 701: 697: 693: 687: 677: 674: 672: 671:Max Shachtman 667: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 644: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 604: 602: 598: 597: 592: 591: 586: 576: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 528: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 509: 504: 500: 490: 488: 485: 479: 474: 471: 467: 466:homosexuality 463: 457: 452: 450: 440: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 421:Bayard Rustin 415: 411: 410:Bayard Rustin 407: 398: 396: 395: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 360: 355: 353: 350:denounce the 349: 345: 341: 340:U.S. movement 337: 333: 329: 319: 317: 313: 308: 306: 302: 299: 295: 291: 287: 272: 270: 263: 259: 255: 250: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 215: 213: 210:of 1971 and 209: 208:Down the Line 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 176:Bayard Rustin 173: 169: 165: 164:Max Shachtman 161: 157: 153: 152:New York City 148: 146: 142: 138: 134: 125: 124:Bayard Rustin 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 103: 99: 91: 87: 82: 72: 68: 63: 59: 58:New York City 42: 38: 34: 29: 22: 19: 6772:Ghostwriters 6643: 6583:David Garrow 6563:John Dittmer 6434: 6361:Brown Chapel 6318: 6311: 6304: 6297: 6290: 6276: 6233: 6085:Andrew Young 6040:A. T. Walden 6035:C. T. Vivian 5995:Maxine Smith 5830:Homer Plessy 5810:James Orange 5765:Irene Morgan 5720:William Ming 5700:Ralph McGill 5635:Viola Liuzzo 5620:Jim Letherer 5605:James Lawson 5564: 5535:Vernon Johns 5525:Esau Jenkins 5480:Myles Horton 5430:Fred Hampton 5420:Prathia Hall 5410:Dick Gregory 5380:Marie Foster 5375:James Forman 5365:James Farmer 5350:Medgar Evers 5310:Angela Davis 5245:Ramsey Clark 5225:James Chaney 5220:Johnnie Carr 5200:Ralph Bunche 5195:H. Rap Brown 5185:Ruby Bridges 5145:Joanne Bland 5120:Claude Black 5100:Marion Barry 5070:Muhammad Ali 4897: 4833: 4826: 4787: 4765: 4734: 4727: 4569: 4530: 4523: 4453:Kissing Case 4428: 4385: 4368: 4359: 4352: 4345: 4338: 4331: 4307: 4299: 4174:Rhode Island 4169:Pennsylvania 4129:California ( 3578:Metal Trades 3535: (1995) 3521:George Meany 3437: 3400:the original 3387: 3383: 3357:. Retrieved 3352: 3344: 3317: 3299: 3295: 3286: 3271:the original 3252: 3227: 3214:. Retrieved 3209: 3196: 3192: 3176:New Politics 3175: 3137: 3133: 3127: 3113:. Retrieved 3107: 3081: 3069:. Retrieved 3064:the original 3058: 3043:the original 3035:Midge Decter 3022: 3018: 3009: 2992:the original 2987: 2983: 2972: 2952: 2926: 2901: 2897:Howe, Irving 2886:the original 2881: 2877: 2862:the original 2845:. Retrieved 2841:the original 2834: 2809: 2804:Gitlin, Todd 2784: 2756: 2738: 2721: 2685: 2673: 2646: 2609: 2597: 2585:. Retrieved 2580:the original 2574: 2564: 2553: 2540: 2527: 2520:Shevis (1981 2515: 2482: 2478: 2472: 2459: 2446: 2434:. Retrieved 2430:the original 2403:Thiel (2010) 2398: 2391:Shevis (1981 2342: 2326: 2317: 2304: 2292: 2276: 2255: 2252: 2195: 2181: 2123: 2111: 2100:Gitlin (1987 2095: 2081: 2074:Miller (1987 2060: 2044: 2033:Gitlin (1987 2013: 1993: 1981: 1974:Miller (1987 1969: 1957: 1930: 1923:Miller (1987 1918: 1892: 1884: 1867:. New York: 1856: 1852: 1847: 1834: 1830: 1806: 1800: 1785: 1770: 1765: 1753: 1746:Carson (1981 1741: 1706: 1679: 1675: 1654: 1647:Phelps (2007 1642: 1630:. Retrieved 1626: 1613: 1606:Phelps (2007 1593: 1589: 1585: 1580: 1552: 1540: 1528: 1516: 1504: 1492: 1480: 1461: 1451: 1415: 1392:Domber (2008 1353: 1288:Saxon (1992) 1253:New America, 1252: 1244:Transaction, 1243: 1233: 1226:Midge Decter 1220:Solidarnosc: 1219: 1212:New America, 1211: 1201: 1185: 1176: 1169: 1160: 1149: 1142: 1136: 1129: 1101: 1090: 1081:Irving Brown 1071: 1067: 1042: 1019: 1011: 1005: 1000: 994: 990: 975: 954: 941: 935: 885: 865: 856:to join the 847: 842:in the 1978 833: 818: 803: 798: 789:George Meany 782: 767: 750:George Meany 739: 735: 730: 726: 722: 718: 716: 712: 708: 705: 689: 675: 668: 647: 645: 610: 600: 594: 588: 582: 543:to plan the 534: 506: 496: 481: 476: 459: 454: 446: 418: 401:Civil rights 392: 362: 357: 325: 309: 285: 283: 251: 216: 211: 207: 172:civil rights 149: 132: 131: 75:(1992-03-27) 18: 6677:1992 deaths 6672:1938 births 6603:Doug McAdam 6573:Chuck Fager 6200:Nonviolence 6105:James Zwerg 6100:Bob Zellner 6060:Roy Wilkins 6010:Hank Thomas 5945:Pete Seeger 5940:Bobby Seale 5805:Jack O'Dell 5800:Edgar Nixon 5730:Amzie Moore 5725:Jack Minnis 5665:Mae Mallory 5650:Clara Luper 5610:Bernard Lee 5500:Cecil Ivory 5495:Ruby Hurley 5465:Oliver Hill 5460:Aaron Henry 5360:Chuck Fager 5320:Dave Dennis 5210:Guy Carawan 5150:Julian Bond 5115:James Bevel 5105:Daisy Bates 4376:Emmett Till 4259:(1954–1968) 3941:Ironworkers 3593:Union Label 3561:Departments 3425:Photographs 3359:19 November 3199:(7): 42–44. 3140:(1): 1–13. 3012:: A debate" 3010:Solidarnosc 3002:Kahn, Tom; 2836:PR Newswire 2245:Hayden 1989 2237:Hayden 1989 2229:Hayden 1989 2135:, pp. 2070:Miller 1987 2066:Miller 1987 2002:Irving Howe 1998:Todd Gitlin 1255:July 1985. 1235:Democratiya 1203:New America 1186:Commentary, 950:martial law 942:Solidarność 806:gay-baiting 778:Irving Howe 748:Presidents 641:Todd Gitlin 621:Don Slaiman 557:ghost wrote 547:, at which 537:Norman Hill 503:Black Power 369:Dorothy Day 237:Presidents 6666:Categories 6546:historians 6227:Satyagraha 6193:Influences 5885:James Reeb 5820:James Peck 5815:Rosa Parks 5785:Diane Nash 5655:Danny Lyon 5630:John Lewis 5575:A. D. King 5475:James Hood 5090:Ella Baker 5060:Zev Aelony 4156:New York ( 4092:UNITE HERE 3551:Liz Shuler 3514:Presidents 3507:Governance 3104:"Comrades" 2638:References 2333:, p. 2283:, p. 2247:, p. 2239:, p. 2231:, p. 2217:Tom Hayden 2166:Howe (2010 2116:Kahn (2007 2102:, p. 2049:Sale (1973 2035:, p. 2018:Sale (1973 1986:Sale (1973 1962:Sale (1973 1935:Sale (1973 1877:B0007DNABQ 1839:Solidarity 1623:"Comrades" 1497:Kahn (2007 1422:, p. 1354:Commentary 1222:A Debate." 984:Solidarity 976:(pictured) 938:Solidarity 926:See also: 896:Solidarity 880:See also: 836:gay rights 684:See also: 596:Commentary 531:Leadership 517:Kurt Weill 280:Early life 254:Solidarity 214:of 2003.) 96:Tom Marcel 50:1938-09-15 6205:Padayatra 6154:"Kumbaya" 6114:By region 5770:Bob Moses 5675:Bob Mants 5660:Malcolm X 5580:C.B. King 5400:Fred Gray 5043:Activists 4684:1964–1968 4467:1960–1963 4325:1954–1959 4131:South Bay 4040:SAG-AFTRA 4005:NFLPA/FPA 3396:0897-9669 2975:(2007) . 2973:Kahn, Tom 2507:189883236 2499:0147-2011 2174:Howe 2010 2170:Howe 2010 2088:Sale 1973 2053:Sale 1973 2006:Howe 2010 1889:Haber, Al 1885:Kahn, Tom 1853:Kahn, Tom 948:declared 275:Biography 198:from the 101:Education 6135:Movement 5565:Tom Kahn 4849:Activist 4269:timeline 4198:See also 3713:Programs 3500:AFL-CIO 3459:Archived 3308:20671880 3170:41935808 3162:19241620 3154:30114199 3029:and the 2949:(2000). 2923:(1987). 2806:(1987). 2719:(2003). 2587:14 April 2436:June 28, 2193:(2002). 1855:(1964). 1688:25091592 1590:basement 1195:Archived 1177:Dissent, 1170:Dissent, 1137:Dissent, 1130:Dissent, 844:platform 431:and the 334:), the 260:and the 62:New York 25:Tom Kahn 6260:Related 5850:Al Raby 4805:funeral 4668:Big Six 4142:Indiana 4137:Florida 3115:15 June 2847:29 July 2479:Society 1901:et seq. 1632:15 June 1116:partner 980:AFL–CIO 888:AFL–CIO 746:AFL–CIO 590:Dissent 571:, and 379:in the 235:AFL–CIO 174:leader 126:(1960s) 120:Partner 92:T. 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