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Theodore Stratelates

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658: 616: 632: 275: 701: 724: 685: 1281: 2787: 51: 446:(up to the 9th century, which was the date that their names were established) as proof that they both were one and the same person. Unfortunately this is not the case since, in fact, each of the saints had his own pilgrimage site. What causes western researchers to get confused is at that time (9th century) the pilgrimage site of Euchaita had declined but that of Euchaneia was starting to flourish. Also, Avgaros or Uarus ( 537:
achieving his request, and they talked together. Five days later, John died. Theodore and the people buried him, and the people offered consolation to Theodore. He told them that when he died, they must bury him next to his father John. A war was raging between the Persians and the Romans, and the emperor called Theodore to go to Antioch for war. The prince left the village, travelled to Antioch and met
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There is much confusion between them and each of them is sometimes said to have had a shrine at Euchaita in Pontus. In fact the shrine existed before any distinction was made between the saints. The separate shrine of Stratelates was at Euchaneia (the modern Çorum in Turkey), a different place about
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Theodore was arrested and subjected to torture and crucified. His servant Varos (also venerated as a saint), witnessed this and recorded it. In the morning the imperial soldiers found him alive and unharmed. Not wanting to flee a martyr's death, Theodore voluntarily surrendered to Licinius, and was
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The days passed and Theodore grew. He was awarded the title of prince, because his grandfather was a prince and his mother as well, and because of his father's high position in the army. Theodore's mother sent him to the army to become a soldier, and over the years he became famous for his courage
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and from there to Shotep. He went to the church of the city and prayed, and then asked for a person named John, and the people told him where he was and that he was suffering from a severe illness. Theodore went to John's house and met him. His father was very glad to meet him and thanked God for
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At this point, Theodore decided to become a Christian. He went to the priest called Olgianus and asked to rely on the name of Christ. A priest taught him the foundations of Christian faith. Over time he became a brilliant military commander and when Diocletian heard about him, he appointed him a
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in Asia Minor. He killed a giant serpent living on a precipice in the outskirts of Euchaita. The serpent had terrorised the countryside. Theodore armed himself with a sword and vanquished it. According to some of the legends, because of his bravery, Theodore was appointed military-commander
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However, it is now generally accepted, at least in the west, that there was in fact only one Theodore. Delehaye wrote in 1909 that the existence of the second Theodore had not been historically established, while Walter in 2003 wrote that "the Stratelates is surely a fiction".
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so that, in order to bring some consistency into the stories, it seems to have been assumed that there were two different venerated individuals, St Theodore Tiron of Amasea and Theodore Stratelates of Heraclea. The earliest text referring to the two saints is the Laudatio of
615: 434:, held a different opinion. This is because, although the two Theodores were born in close territories and martyred in parallel, their names were involved in the confusion between two pilgrimage sites. Theodore Stratelates was from Euchaneia while 657: 367:
and Theodore Stratelates are shown with thick black hair and pointed beards. In older works they were often distinguished by the beard having one point for Theodore Tiron of Amasea and two points for Stratelates as in the fresco from the
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in the 9th century. It was said that his Christianity led to many conversions in the Roman army, which was the reason that Licinius was so concerned. Christopher Walter treats at length of the relationship between these saints.
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and skill. Through his friends he learnt that his father was a Christian, and so he returned to his mother and told her what he had heard, and was angry because she had lied to him and said that his father had died in the war.
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Hippolyte Delehaye (1909) was mistaken in thinking of Euchaita in Pontus and Euchaneia as the same place (Walter p. 58) and this may have caused confusion to many western researchers, questioning at the same time Delehaye's
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It is suggested that Theodore Tiron as a recruit and ordinary foot soldier was viewed by the people of Byzantium as a patron of common soldiers and that the military aristocracy sought a patron of their own rank.
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Book of Saints, The "A dictionary of servants of God canonised by the Catholic church" compiled by the Benedictine monks of St Augustine's Abbey, Ramsgate (6th edition, revised & rest, 1989)
631: 442:(territories close to each other). Usually mostly western researchers by mistake interpret the lack of reference to two Theodores in the valley of Irida (or Iris) in 2761: 553:. It is said that the body of the saint rests there. After he was attended by his mother when he became a Christian in the reign of Emperor Constantine, an area in 278:
Small cut-stone depicting images of Saint Theodore were encased in precious metal frames and worn around the neck by both clerics and laymen The Walters Art Museum.
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Life continued and one day, the saint wanted to meet his father. He took a search to know his father's home and decided to go and met him. He travelled to
462:) the personal secretary of Theodore Stratelates wrote his biography, which clearly differs from the one Gregory of Nyssa wrote for Theodore Tiron. 2002: 1697: 493:''Martyr Prince Tadros El Shatby''). He was born to a soldier in the Roman army named John, an Egyptian from the city of Shateb in 1812: 865: 317:
which they had in Heraclea be gathered up at his house. Theodore then smashed them into pieces which he then distributed to the poor.
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Grotowski, Piotr: Arms and Armour of the Warrior Saints: Tradition and Innovation in Byzantine Iconography (843–1261) (Leiden 2010)
399:. This may be either Theodore of Amasea or Theodore Stratelates, but the Venetians do not seem to have distinguished between them. 1230: 2817: 360:
Another possibility is that he was in fact originally derived from a third Theodore called Theodore Orientalis from Anatolia.
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For another military saint who is considered by some historians to be the same historical figure as Theodore Stratelates, see
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beheaded by the sword. This occurred on 8 February 319, on a Saturday, at the third hour of the day. His "life" is listed in
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appeared to John and assured him in regards to Theodore, saying that he would be the reason for the faith of many people in
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Demus, Otto: The Mosaics of San Marco in Venice (4 volumes) 1 The Eleventh & Twelfth Centuries - Text (1984)
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commander over five hundred knights, and called him Prince Theodore the Esphehlar (i.e. brave commander).
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Theodore is known in Egypt as "Saint Theodore of Shotep", "Saint Tadros of Shotep" or "Prince Theodore" (
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were (according to tradition) brought to Venice in 828, Theodore was the patron saint of the city. The
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were the same person, as the stories about their lives later diverged into two separate traditions.
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The Oxford Companion to the Year (by Bonnie Blackburn & Leofranc Holford-Stevens) (Oxford 1999)
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Butler's Lives of the Saints (originally compiled by the Revd Alban Butler 1756-1759)
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Walter p. 58, showing that Delehaye was mistaken in thinking them the same place
2751: 2688: 2635: 2600: 2595: 2570: 2545: 2448: 2408: 1962: 1862: 1782: 1606: 1553: 1332: 1322: 714: 447: 388: 244: 230: 201: 163: 20: 1208: 795:"Великомученик Феодор Стратилат | Свято-Троицкий Стефано-Махрищский монастырь" 549:, including an archaeological monastery in his name in Madinet Al Hawamdeyah, 2806: 2668: 2540: 1952: 1947: 1892: 1877: 1737: 1727: 1636: 1631: 1188:
Walter, Christopher: The Warrior Saints in Byzantine Art and Tradition (2003)
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Le dédoublement de saint Théodore et les villes d΄ `Euhaïta et d΄ `Euchaneia
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in existence, dated to c. 900, shows Saint Theodore. It was made by the
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Numerous conflicting legends grew up about the life and martyrdom of
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to fight against the Persians. When his wife learned that he was a
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Byzantium and Venice: A study in diplomatic and cultural relations
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Farmer, David: The Oxford Dictionary of Saints (4th edition, 1997)
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Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations
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Demus, Otto: The Church of San Marco in Venice (Washington 1960)
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was named by that name the region became known as Alexandria "
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Dressed as a warrior, with spear and shield, or as a civilian
37: 2458: 1352: 1045:[Encyclopedia of Saints: coloring pages for kids]. 640: 621:
Theodore Tiron & Theodore Stratelates (right) from the
581: 550: 159: 1136:: Les Legendes Grecques des Saints Militaires (Paris.1909) 709:(on the left) and Theodore Stratelates (on the right) - a 666:(on the left) and Theodore Stratelates (on the right) - a 2462: 1005: 155:
but not now liturgically celebrated in the western church
505:, she attempted to make him deny his faith and become a 1047:موسوعة صور القديسين للتلوين صفحات تلوين مسيحية للأطفال 959: 947:
Delaney pp. 547–548. Butler (1995). Butler(1926; 1938)
1106:[The life story of Prince Tadros El Shatby]. 1110:(in Arabic). 11 November 2010. Article by al-Nahisi. 1079:"الأقباط متحدون - الشهيد العظيم الأمير تادرس الشطبي" 1019: 573:is commemorated on 8 February or 7 February in the 1185:, Analecta Bollandiana 104 (1986) p. 327–335. 775: 773: 771: 376:35 km west of Euchaita (the modern Avkhat). 262:There is much confusion as to whether he and St. 2804: 1104:"قصة حياة الامير تادرس الشطبى - منتديات الكنيسة" 1037: 1035: 313:gods. He requested that all the gold and silver 1238: 768: 732:icon of Saint Theodore, Preslav, circa 900 AD, 1203:Lives of all saints commemorated on February 8 920:See Walter pp. 60–61 & note 93 and fig. 57 889: 887: 395:'s relics, it was superseded as his chapel by 339:Theodore of Amasea § The two St Theodores 1224: 1058: 1056: 1032: 1130:Delaney, John J: Dictionary of Saints (1982) 880:. Bruxellis, Société des Bollandistes. 1909. 410:, brother of Basil the Great (also known as 215: 'the General' or 'Military Commander' 16:Early 4th century Christian martyr and saint 1076: 884: 457: 1231: 1217: 1053: 842:. Cambridge University Press. p. 25. 1156:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 286:origin, Theodore was born in the city of 402: 273: 151:8 February, formerly 7 February in the 2805: 1212: 1151: 965: 861: 859: 835: 465: 781:"Prince Theodore - CopticChurch.net" 328: 1152:Nicol, Donald MacGillivray (1988). 1088: 483: 211: 13: 878:"Bibliotheca hagiographica graeca" 856: 438:(Ἅγιος Θεόδωρος ὁ Τήρων) was from 414:), who is venerated as a saint in 14: 2849: 1196: 740:but is this Stratelates or Tiron? 190:Federal Bailiffs Service (Russia) 2785: 1279: 1064:"Prince Theodore of Shotep Page" 722: 699: 683: 656: 630: 614: 564: 323:Bibliotecha Hagiographica Graeca 49: 1096: 1070: 1006:Coptic Orthodox Church, Egypt. 999: 996:Oikonomidès (1986), pp. 327–335 990: 980: 971: 950: 941: 932: 923: 914: 643:of Saint Theodore Stratelates, 28:Saint Theodore (disambiguation) 1049:(in Arabic). 24 November 2010. 905: 896: 870: 829: 811: 787: 734:National Archaeological Museum 598:National Archaeological Museum 301:, during the time the emperor 1: 2818:4th-century Christian martyrs 1813:Faustus, Abibus and Dionysius 1205:at Orthodox Church in America 1008:"الشهيد تادرس الشُطبي الأمير" 762: 1077:Majid Kamel (27 July 2012). 1043:"الشهيد الأمير تادرس الشطبى" 1020: 350:Niketas David of Paphlagonia 207:Ἅγιος Θεόδωρος ὁ Στρατηλάτης 7: 1240:Saints in the Coptic church 745: 10: 2854: 1277: 1117: 1015: 717:, Bulgaria (19th century?) 690:Icon of Saint Theodore by 607: 484:الأمير الشهيد تادرس الشطبي 475: 452: 332: 257:Oriental Orthodox Churches 235: 222: 206: 130:Oriental Orthodox Churches 25: 18: 2780: 2717: 2654: 2457: 2304: 2001: 1688: 1655: 1587: 1509: 1461: 1416: 1288: 1246: 836:Nicol, Donald M. (1992). 819:"St Theodore Stratelates" 458: 307:persecution of Christians 305:(307–324) began a fierce 182: 172: 143: 112: 99: 86: 79: 48: 35: 1823:Gabriel Abdel El-Metgaly 588:and was found 1909 near 58:St. Theodore Stratelates 2838:Saints from Roman Egypt 2792:Christianity portal 2449:Yousab el-Abah of Girga 1853:Hor, Besoy, and Daydara 1838:George Bishop of Assiut 1748:Basilides and Potamiana 586:Preslav Literary School 580:One of the few ceramic 269: 125:Eastern Catholic Church 120:Eastern Orthodox Church 2646:Theodora of Alexandria 2641:Theodorus of Tabennese 2551:Macarius of Alexandria 2471:Abdel Messih El-Makari 2404:Narcissus of Jerusalem 2364:Gregory of Neocaesarea 2324:Alexander of Jerusalem 1529:James, son of Alphaeus 1108:The Arab Church Forums 823:The Walters Art Museum 279: 2732:Clement of Alexandria 1758:Chrysanthus and Daria 1534:James, son of Zebedee 672:Kremikovtsi Monastery 561:" attributed to him. 403:Byzantine perspective 277: 239:; AD 281–319), was a 135:Roman Catholic Church 2767:Maximus and Domatius 2626:Samuel the Confessor 2419:Paphnutius of Thebes 2414:Paphnutius of Scetis 2354:Gregory of Nazianzus 2349:Eusebius of Caesarea 2344:Epiphanius of Cyprus 1973:Theodore Stratelates 1968:Theodora and Didymus 1803:Elias and companions 1622:Priscilla and Aquila 1612:Phoebe the Deaconess 752:Simeon I of Bulgaria 227:Theodore of Heraclea 198:Theodore Stratelates 43:Theodore Stratelates 26:For other uses, see 2762:Three Holy Children 2576:Pachomius the Great 2536:Isidore of Pelusium 2394:Karas of California 2369:Ignatius of Antioch 1778:Cyprian and Justina 1723:Alexandrian Martyrs 1698:21 Martyrs of Libya 1134:Delehaye, Hippolyte 757:Theodore the Martyr 623:Harbaville Triptych 385:Saint Mark's relics 335:Theodore the Martyr 315:statues of the gods 2823:4th-century Romans 2481:Abraham of Farshut 2444:Severian of Gabala 2439:Serapion of Thmuis 2429:Porphyrius of Gaza 2424:Polycarp of Smyrna 2379:James of Jerusalem 2339:Cyril of Jerusalem 1021:pi'agioc Qe'odwroc 707:Theodore of Amasea 664:Theodore of Amasea 539:Theodore of Amasea 466:Coptic perspective 424:Oriental Orthodoxy 397:St Mark's Basilica 365:Theodore of Amasea 345:Theodore of Amasea 280: 264:Theodore of Amasea 236:Θεόδωρος Ἡρακλείας 68:Theodore the Black 62:from the personal 2800: 2799: 2737:Didymus the Blind 2556:Macarius of Egypt 2496:Anthony the Great 2486:Abraham of Scetis 2399:Mikhaeil of Asyut 2389:John of Jerusalem 2334:Basil of Caesarea 2314:Abadiu of Antinoe 1883:Marina the Martyr 1843:George El Mozahem 1773:Cosmas and Damian 1647:Seventy disciples 1426:Mary, Our Lady of 968:, pp. 24–26. 849:978-0-521-42894-1 492: 420:Eastern Orthodoxy 412:Basil of Caesarea 329:The two Theodores 297:) in the city of 225:), also known as 195: 194: 113:Venerated in 70: 2845: 2790: 2789: 2757:Simon the Tanner 2631:Sisoes the Great 2531:Isaac of Nineveh 2409:Nicholas of Myra 2374:Jacob of Nisibis 2359:Gregory of Nyssa 2319:Abraam of Faiyum 1818:Felix and Regula 1463:Seven Archangels 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Retrieved 798: 789: 579: 568: 531: 527: 523: 469: 406: 382: 378: 374: 363:In art both 362: 359: 355: 342: 322: 319: 292: 281: 261: 226: 197: 196: 162:, 15 and 20 81:Great Martyr 2276:Gabriel VII 2266:Macarius II 2236:Michael III 2141:Timothy III 2121:Dioscorus I 2091:Alexander I 2061:Demetrius I 1918:Nag Hammadi 1657:Evangelists 1524:Bartholomew 987:credibility 569:His annual 543:Constantine 519:Upper Egypt 495:Upper Egypt 432:Anglicanism 428:Lutheranism 416:Catholicism 294:stratelates 64:Gospel Book 2828:281 births 2813:319 deaths 2807:Categories 2742:Euphrosyne 2684:Paphnutius 2656:Anchorites 2516:Horsiesius 2246:Cosmas III 2226:Michael II 2191:Theodore I 2171:Benjamin I 2166:Andronicus 2161:Anastasius 2126:Timothy II 2051:Agrippinus 1933:Philotheos 1828:Gallicanus 1763:Chiaffredo 1718:Abaskhiron 1248:Patriarchs 804:2022-08-03 799:stefmon.ru 763:References 575:Latin Rite 555:Alexandria 534:Alexandria 393:Saint Mark 333:See also: 325:1750-1754 188:soldiers, 174:Attributes 153:Latin Rite 2679:Onuphrius 2611:Petronius 2521:Hospitius 2506:Bashnouna 2271:Matthew I 2256:Zacharias 2241:Gabriel I 2231:Cosmas II 2216:Simeon II 2196:Michael I 2131:Peter III 2106:Timothy I 2071:Dionysius 2041:Markianos 1928:Philomena 1808:Epimachus 1768:Colluthus 1753:Catherine 1743:Bashnouna 1733:Apollonia 1589:Disciples 1496:Sarathiel 1418:Theotokos 1373:Zechariah 1363:Zephaniah 571:feast day 503:Christian 184:Patronage 2752:Candidus 2699:Shenouda 2591:Patapios 2511:Hilarion 2296:Cyril VI 2281:John XIV 2261:Cyril II 2221:Joseph I 2181:Simeon I 2151:Peter IV 2101:Peter II 2066:Heraclas 2046:Celadion 1988:Wadamoun 1983:Veronica 1963:Theoclia 1798:Dorothea 1627:Silvanus 1617:Philemon 1602:Barnabas 1554:Matthias 1511:Apostles 1491:Zedekiel 1388:Jeremiah 1358:Habakkuk 1290:Prophets 1172:17546371 746:See also 676:Bulgaria 649:Bulgaria 594:Bulgaria 440:Euchaita 303:Licinius 288:Euchaita 253:Catholic 2727:Ambrose 2709:Zosimas 2586:Parsoma 2306:Bishops 2286:Cyril V 2251:Abraham 2206:Mark II 2201:John IV 2176:Agathon 2116:Cyril I 2086:Peter I 2076:Theonas 2036:Eumenes 2021:Avilius 2016:Anianus 1908:Mohrael 1893:Maurice 1793:Demiana 1738:Barbara 1728:Arianus 1713:Abanoub 1690:Martyrs 1665:Matthew 1637:Timothy 1632:Stephen 1597:Apollos 1549:Matthew 1501:Ananiel 1481:Raphael 1476:Gabriel 1471:Michael 1451:Zeitoun 1436:Belarus 1398:Ezekiel 1378:Malachi 1338:Obadiah 1256:Abraham 1118:Sources 1024:]. 730:Ceramic 608:Gallery 590:Preslav 499:Antioch 491:  453:Αὔγαρος 383:Before 372:below. 247:in the 212:transl. 66:of St. 2772:Verena 2704:Thomas 2694:Pijimi 2674:Misael 2621:Poemen 2616:Pishoy 2156:Damian 2056:Julian 2031:Justus 2026:Kedron 2011:Mark I 1958:Thecla 1923:Otimus 1898:Memnon 1878:Malati 1848:Gereon 1833:George 1708:Abāmūn 1703:Abāmūn 1579:Thomas 1569:Philip 1519:Andrew 1486:Suriel 1446:Warraq 1441:Poland 1431:Assiut 1403:Daniel 1393:Baruch 1383:Isaiah 1368:Haggai 1308:Samuel 1271:Joseph 1170:  1160:  1085:Arabic 1012:Coptic 846:  711:fresco 694:, 1676 668:fresco 638:Fresco 559:Shatby 515:Christ 480:Arabic 472:Coptic 459:Οὔαρος 241:martyr 219:Coptic 164:Hathor 93:Achaea 2664:Karas 2581:Pambo 2501:Awgin 2459:Monks 2211:James 2003:Popes 1993:Wanas 1978:Varus 1943:Sarah 1913:Moura 1903:Menas 1788:Dasya 1642:Titus 1574:Simon 1564:Peter 1348:Nahum 1343:Jonah 1328:Micah 1318:Hosea 1313:David 1298:Moses 1266:Jacob 1261:Isaac 738:Sofia 713:from 670:from 602:Sofia 596:(now 582:icons 547:Egypt 511:angel 507:pagan 448:Greek 311:pagan 284:Greek 231:Greek 202:Greek 145:Feast 38:Saint 2689:Paul 2669:Mary 2491:Amun 2463:nuns 2461:and 1938:Rais 1680:John 1675:Luke 1670:Mark 1559:Paul 1544:Jude 1539:John 1353:Noah 1333:Joel 1323:Amos 1168:OCLC 1158:ISBN 844:ISBN 641:icon 551:Giza 489:lit. 430:and 337:and 270:Life 255:and 243:and 160:Epip 100:Died 87:Born 1303:Job 604:). 456:or 282:Of 217:); 158:20 103:319 90:281 2809:: 1166:. 1087:: 1081:. 1055:^ 1034:^ 1018:: 1014:: 886:^ 858:^ 821:. 797:. 770:^ 736:, 674:, 647:, 600:, 592:, 521:. 486:, 482:: 478:; 474:: 450:: 426:, 422:, 418:, 259:. 251:, 233:: 221:: 204:: 1232:e 1225:t 1218:v 1174:. 1066:. 852:. 825:. 807:. 783:. 291:( 229:( 210:( 200:( 71:. 30:. 23:.

Index

Theodore Tiron
Saint Theodore (disambiguation)
Saint

Gospel Book
Theodore the Black
Great Martyr
Achaea
Heraclea Pontica
Eastern Orthodox Church
Eastern Catholic Church
Oriental Orthodox Churches
Roman Catholic Church
Feast
Latin Rite
Epip
Hathor
Attributes
Patronage
Federal Bailiffs Service (Russia)
Greek
Coptic
Greek
martyr
warrior saint
Eastern Orthodox
Catholic
Oriental Orthodox Churches
Theodore of Amasea

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