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film now portrays
Captain Nolan rushing to halt the misdirected charge once he realizes the mistake, but he is knocked from his horse by cannon fire and killed. A carnage now ensues with the brigade being mauled by the Russian guns. Scenes simulating dead horses and riders lying on the field are shown, intended to represent the devastating losses suffered by the brigade in the 1854 charge. The attack manages to overrun temporarily a few Russian artillery positions, but achieves no tactical advantage. Ultimately, the attack by the "Noble six hundred" ended with 298 of their number either being killed, wounded or captured, and nearly 400 horses lost. The film closes with the battered survivors of the British brigade returning to their lines and being cheered for their bravery by their fellow soldiers.
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510:"Intimately acquainted, as I have been for the past fifteen years, with the survivors of the Charge, I took a keen interest in watching the development of your wonderful series of pictures. The faithful portraits of the leaders—Raglan, Cardigan and Nolan—the historical accuracy of the uniforms and accessories, and the completeness of the whole presentment renders this to me the most marvelous motion-picture I have ever seen."
293:, who commands the army's cavalry division. Lucan, also on horseback, is forward in the field and is scanning the enemy as well. When he delivers the orders, Nolan appears to gesture in the general direction of Russian batteries guarding the end of the valley instead of toward Raglan's intended objective, captured British guns positioned elsewhere.
460:....As we sit enthralled before the screen, so vivid and realistic has the Edison Company made this picture we become participants in that ride to death or glory of the Light Brigade...Accurate in the most minute detail, we are bound to pronounce The Charge of the Light Brigade as this company's biggest triumph.
641:
The website Silent Era identifies the surviving 16mm print as a copy of the "1915 rerelease version". Actually, the 1912 film was recopyrighted by Edison in 1915 and then rereleased as new prints by the company on June 14, 1916. The site also cites
October 10, 1912 as the release date of the original
519:
After renewing the copyright for this production in 1915, Thomas A. Edison, Incorporated rereleased the motion picture in the United States the following year, on June 14. The film during it second run continued to please critics and to resonate with
American audiences. Marion Howard, a correspondent
404:
The interior footage in the film's opening scene, which portrays Nolan and Morris bidding farewell to their wives, was likely shot at Edison's New York studio before Dawley and his company of actors and crew traveled cross country to
Wyoming, which formed only one part of an "extensive picture making
380:
near
Cheyenne, Wyoming to have between 750 and 800 of his federal troopers to perform as British cavalry units and as Russian artillery crews and supporting infantry. Fort Russell at that time was among the largest cavalry bases in the United States Army. The rolling, largely barren hillsides on Fort
304:
into the valley, which is heavily fortified on three sides by lines of
Russian cannons. Cardigan and his 673 men dutifully obey the order even though their mission appears to be a near-suicidal task, offering little chance of success. Drawing sabres and lowering their lances, the troopers charge. The
568:
by Bruce F. Kawin (New York: Macmillan
Publishing Company, 1987, pp. 46-47), a full 1000-foot reel of film in the silent era had a maximum running time of 15 minutes. While silent-film speeds varied, they were generally projected at 16 frames per second, much slower than the 24 frames of later sound
420:
Filming the charge in
Wyoming was not done without injuries. Richard Neill, as Captain Nolan, was one cast member who was hurt. During his character's death scene, he reportedly "fell so realistically" from his horse that he broke his upper arm when he hit the ground. Neill was described at the time
400:
required considerably more production time due to the logistics of shooting on location in
Wyoming, the filming of action scenes with hundreds of mounted troops, and costuming many of those riders with reproductions of British cavalry uniforms and weapons from the 1850s. Reviewers of the film after
543:
A 1916 reprint of the film survives, as well as various modern video copies made from that reprint. While the original 1912 release was produced on 35mm film stock with a running length of 1025 feet or approximately 15 minutes, the surviving 1916 reprint is in a 16mm format with a running time of
533:
As a filler at the Fenway we had the pleasure of seeing "The Charge of the Light
Brigade," done splendidly by the Edison Company. There was some wonderful horsemanship and the military spirit, also that of sacrifice, was clearly shown with no exaggeration. The titles bore the actual verses of the
495:
in its January 25, 1913, issue declares the Edison motion picture "magnificent" and ranks it as "one of the best war-films yet given to the public." Perhaps, however, the most gratifying praise received by Edison was a letter written to the company by T. H. Roberts, the founder of the "Balaclava
446:
reported it as "a tremendous hit in Chicago theaters", adding "Great applause has greeted its presentation at all houses where it has been shown." Edison's release even proved to be highly popular in England, where an American attempt to portray British military history on screen would usually be
544:
slightly over 11 minutes. Even allowing for projection-speed variations between the two film stocks, the noted time difference indicates that a portion of the original footage may be missing from the 1916 reprint. A digital copy of the 1916 reprint is available on streaming services such as
276:
The film opens with two young British cavalry officers, Captain William Morris and Captain Louis Nolan, leaving home and bidding farewell to their wives in the parlor of the Nolans' residence. After the men leave the room, the film cuts to scenes much later in a British encampment in the
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its release, including reviewers and army veterans in England, complimented "the historical accuracy of the uniforms and accessories". According to news reports trade publications, the uniforms used in the film "were made to order from authentic military authorities in London."
255:
The film was originally released in American cinemas on October 11, 1912, and four years later rereleased under a renewed copyright by Thomas Edison, Inc. An 11-minute print of that 1916 rerelease survives, copies of which can be viewed today on various streaming services.
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Location shooting in Wyoming was just one of multiple projects that Dawley carried out during his company's transcontinental trip in the summer and early fall of 1912. He and his players and crew meandered in their journey to various locations between New York City and
289:, the one-armed commander-in-chief of Britain's Crimean forces, is portrayed on horseback issuing orders of engagement as he surveys the terrain and Russian troop positions. The film then depicts Captain Nolan taking Raglan's orders and riding to relay them to
405:
tour" destined for California. That opening sequence was then spliced into the Cheyenne footage to create the film's final cut before its release in October 1912. In assembling that final cut, Edison film editors also placed at various points in the footage
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in the motion picture industry as a "popular young Edison 'dare-devil'". One of several trade references to the accident stated that since no attending physician was present at the filming, the spunky actor "set the bone himself, against the
455:
To the Edison Company belongs the credit of having filmed the greatest of battle pictures....Now on October 25th they are to release "The Charge of the Light Brigade", length 1,025 feet, which in a sentence we may describe as the company's
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Accounts vary regarding actor Richard Neill's injury during production. Some reports describe it simply as a broken arm; one news item, as "his shoulder bone". It could be surmised from those varying reports that Neill likely fractured his
240:, who completed his poem just six weeks after the actual event. The film's action scenes and landscape footage were shot between late August and early September 1912, while Dawley and his company of players and crew were on location in
593:, where Edison intended to continue development of a West Coast studio. The demands of Dawley's other work during that time makes it highly probable that this film's opening sequence was shot in New York at Edison's
480:
Elsewhere in Europe and in the British Empire, the American film continued to be well received in the months after its release. The picture by December 1912 was being successfully marketed in Germany under the title
437:
The motion picture was officially released in the United States on October 11, 1912, and was generally well received across the country by both reviewers and theatergoers. Two weeks afternoon the film's release, the
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Russell's military reservation proved to be an ideal setting for filming, offering Dawley a terrain that in its general appearance looks very similar to the Crimean landscape where the 1854 cavalry charge occurred.
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greeted by reviewers with contempt if not dismissed entirely. Edison, in fact, sold no less than 309 reels of the film for distribution in England, and reviews there were quite positive. In its October 1912 issue,
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The preferred spelling today for the noted Crimean town is "Balaklava”, although war-related documents from the period and historical references regarding the battle there almost universally cite the town
392:
During the six years that Dawley worked for Edison, between 1907 and 1913, he directed over 200 "one-reelers". Most of those film projects were completed in a matter of days at Edison's main studio in
451:, a popular trade paper published in London, headlines its opinion of Edison's production as a "Triumph", and after seeing a preview, the paper commends the film, especially for its realism:
620:
Edison Manufacturing Company (EMC) in 1912 was still the parent company, at least on paper, of Edison Studios; however, EMC's operations and assets had been restructured and transferred to
496:
Survivors' Fund" in England, a fund that was established to support the financial needs of the small, dwindling number of veterans of the 1854 charge. Portions of Roberts' letter to the
285:, where Morris and Nolan are writing letters as fellow troopers assemble the evening before the battle. Scenes then depict cavalry units preparing for action the next day.
244:. In order to produce a sizable and believable recreation of the charge, the director needed a very large number of horsemen. Fortunately for Dawley, the commander of
376:
In order for Edison Studios to produce in 1912 a large, believable recreation of the famous charge, director J. Searle Dawley made arrangements with the commander of
823:, Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Beverly Hills, California. Online Archive of California (OAC). Retrieved August 27, 2020.
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508:"I write to thank you heartily for the great treat you gave me in affording me a private view of your magnificent film of 'The Balaclava Light Brigade Charge.'
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in a news item about Neill stated, "He will be remembered as the cavalry officer who 'broke his arm while being killed' in 'The Charge of the Light Brigade.'"
724:, searchable database that includes nearly 11,000 titles in both complete and partial states. Library of Congress. Retrieved January 13, 2020.
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758:, running time 11:11, uploaded by Films by the Year on YouTube (San Bruno, California) on September 13, 2016. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
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Historical Newspapers (Ann Arbor, Michigan); subscription access through The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Library.
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786:, catalogue reference WO 1/369 f. 685 (22-26 October 1854), The National Archives, United Kingdom. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
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722:"American Silent Feature Film: Database From the report 'The Survival of American Silent Feature Films: 1912-1929'"
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shared with his readers the reaction to the film by a theatergoer in Boston in the weeks after its rerelease:
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Captain Nolan (Neill, center) and Captain Morris (Wilson) bid farewell to their wives (uncredited actresses)
993:(DĂĽsseldorf, Germany), No. 313, December 25, 1912, p. 383. Retrieved via Internet Archive, August 29, 2020.
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at Cheyenne agreed to provide "about 800" troopers and "their trained mounts" to the Edison project.
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Scene in which actor Richard Neill broke his arm after falling off his horse in a staged explosion
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Letters from Headquarters: Or, The Realities of the War in the Crimea, by an Officer on the Staff
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of his saddle". That incident would be remembered in the entertainment media. Later, in 1913,
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or text cards that identify the main characters and present verses from Lord Tennyson's poem.
743:(Chicago, Illinois), June 24, 1916, p. 1462. Retrieved via Internet Archive, August 25, 2020.
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Lord Cardigan (uncredited performer) prepares to lead his brigade into the "Valley of Death".
237:
945:(New York, N.Y.), October 25, 1912, p. 328. Retrieved via Internet Archive, August 27, 2020.
961:(New York, N.Y.), October 17, 1914, p. 51. Retrieved via Internet Archive, August 27, 2020.
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809:"Fort David A. Russell, Randall Avenue west of First Street, Cheyenne, Laramie County, WY"
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928:(New York City), February 1, 1913, p. 4. Retrieved via Internet Archive, August 28, 2020.
737:"Complete Record of Current Films" / 6-14 The Charge of the Light Brigade...Edison 1000"
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890:(Brooklyn, N.Y.), October 1912, p. 154. Retrieved via Internet Archive, August 28, 2020.
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874:(New York, N.Y.), July 27, 1912 p. 342. Retrieved via Internet Archive, July 27, 2020.
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film, while all referenced 1912 trade journals and papers give October 11 as the date.
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842:(London), November 1912, p. 19. Retrieved via Internet Archive, August 26, 2020.
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stirring poem, and I should call this a good picture to show—one that will live.
977:(London), October 1912, p. 64. Retrieved via Internet Archive, August 26, 2020.
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774:, Kew, Richmond, Greater London, United Kingdom. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
50:(center) as Lord Raglan, the one-armed commander-in-chief of British forces
756:"The Charge of the Light Brigade (1912) [1916 re-release version]"
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Despite the mix-up in Raglan's orders, Lucan commands his subordinate
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United States Army cavalry troops also played Russian cannon crews.
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are quoted in the November 1912 issue of the London trade journal
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1027:(New York, N.Y.), September 2, 1916, p. 1551. Retrieved via the
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676:(Chicago, Illinois), October 26, 1912, p. 343. Retrieved via
696:(BFI), London, United Kingdom. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
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studio before he and his company departed for California.
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for this production, adapting it in part from the famous
670:"10-11 The Charge of the Light Brigade...Edison 1025"
858:, October 5, 1912, p. 27. Retrieved August 27, 2020.
784:"Casualty return for the period including Balaklava"
971:"A Theme That Will Live Forever: An Edison Triumph"
367:Uncredited actresses as Mrs. Nolan and Mrs. Morris
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1002:"Bombay Amusements: The Yeoman of the Guard",
1109:Films based on works by Alfred, Lord Tennyson
476:Edison's portrayal of the charge's aftermath.
263:Intertitles with verses from Lord Tennyson's
852:"The Charge of the Light Brigade (Oct. 11)"
357:, commander of the British cavalry division
217:against Russian artillery positions in the
171:, 1025 feet at initial release (15 minutes)
25:The Charge of the Light Brigade (1968 film)
21:The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936 film)
347:, commander-in-chief of the British forces
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987:"2620 Der Todesritt bei Balaklava Edison"
939:"Chicago Letter / Chicago Film Brevities"
624:in 1911. Refer to company history in the
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485:("The Death Ride at Balaklava"). In
449:The Cinema News and Property Gazette
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1006:(Bombay), January 25, 1913, p. 7.
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205:historical drama film directed by
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907:The Motion Picture Story Magazine
888:The Motion Picture Story Magazine
291:George Bingham, the Earl of Lucan
225:. Director Dawley also wrote the
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483:Der Todesritt bei Balaklava
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1159:English-language war films
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526:The Moving Picture World
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134:The General Film Company
19:Not to be confused with
1019:Howard, Marion (1916).
959:The Motion Picture News
856:The Moving Picture News
520:for the New York-based
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1084:1910s historical films
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903:"Answers to Inquiries"
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201:is a 1912 American
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836:"An Appreciation"
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163:Running time
140:Release date
105:James Gordon
48:James Gordon
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407:intertitles
345:Lord Raglan
334:as Captain
327:Louis Nolan
325:as Captain
287:Lord Raglan
248:cavalry at
223:Crimean War
221:during the
189:intertitles
82:Produced by
56:Directed by
1079:1912 films
1073:Categories
741:Motography
710:Motography
674:Motography
650:References
372:Production
355:Lord Lucan
151:1912-10-11
116:Production
394:the Bronx
283:Balaklava
265:1854 poem
184:Languages
1008:ProQuest
227:scenario
93:Starring
74:Based on
609:humerus
546:YouTube
458:bon mot
440:Midwest
176:Country
149: (
118:company
569:films.
487:Bombay
423:pommel
279:Crimea
203:silent
88:, Inc.
595:Bronx
552:Notes
1064:IMDb
309:Cast
272:Plot
169:reel
1062:at
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27:.
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