155:
coupled birds and windblown, apocalyptic animals in a series of small works entitled The Horde (1927), and he resumed the theme in 1935 in a series of even smaller paintings called The
Barbarians, to which the present one belongs. In his biography of the artist, John Russell identified these creatures as expressions of Ernst's fearful anticipation of the impending devastation in Europe during World War II. In this small painting, a gigantic, malevolent-looking bird couple marches forward with seemingly mile-long strides. The dark female leads the way as her male companion turns to look at the strange animal-perhaps their offspring-clinging to his left arm. In the far distance, a tiny woman holds onto some undefined winged being. The strange patterns on the bodies of the main figures, which evoke fossils or geological formations, are the result of grattage (scraping). In this technique, the artist coated the canvas, or in this case, a piece of cardboard, with layers of paint and while it was still wet pressed it against objects that left imprints on the surface. Afterward, he used a brush to touch up the forms thus created, or scraped away layers of pigment.
551:
29:
154:
Ernst's
Surrealist paintings are steeped in Freudian metaphor, private mythology, and childhood memories. One of his major themes centered on the image of the bird, which often incorporated human elements. Although some of these birds look benign, their mere presence appears to be ominous. He first
150:"Max Ernst's 1937 "The Barbarians" shows a bird-creature with a half-human, half-something. Are they battling? Commiserating? Whichever, they tower over the human below them."
365:
627:
231:
258:
453:
200:
588:
173:
632:
550:
325:
241:
183:
612:
581:
405:
397:
607:
574:
437:
87:
562:
622:
617:
318:
487:
528:
381:
357:
201:"Alejo Carpentier (1904-1980), the Decisive Years: From Surrealism to the Marvel of the Real"
421:
389:
8:
283:
505:
445:
373:
311:
237:
179:
517:
511:
142:
95:
413:
349:
117:
259:"War Is Surreal, And This Collection Of Artists At Wadsworth Atheneum Proves It"
558:
471:
601:
91:
64:
57:
79:
24.1 cm Ă— 33 cm (9.5 in Ă— 13 in)
522:
28:
125:
69:
334:
129:
39:
476:
233:
Echoes of Exile: Moscow
Archives and the Arts in Paris 1933-1945
481:
303:
178:. University of California: Harry N. Abrams. p. 160.
366:
Little
Machine Constructed by Minimax Dadamax in Person
557:
This article about a twentieth-century painting is a
236:. Stuttgart: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG.
229:
599:
582:
319:
628:Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art
278:
276:
256:
589:
575:
326:
312:
27:
273:
198:
205:Caribe: Revista de Cultura y Literatura
600:
284:"Max Ernst | The Barbarians | The Met"
171:
307:
223:
192:
545:
13:
14:
644:
549:
230:Rotermund-Reynard, Ines (2014).
454:The Temptation of Saint Anthony
257:Susan Dunne (19 October 2018).
124:) is a 1937 painting by German
518:Dorothea Tanning (fourth wife)
398:Of This Men Shall Know Nothing
250:
165:
135:
1:
333:
158:
561:. You can help Knowledge by
406:PietĂ or Revolution by Night
7:
633:20th-century painting stubs
10:
649:
544:
438:Napoleon in the Wilderness
172:Barron, Stephanie (1997).
88:Metropolitan Museum of Art
498:
464:
341:
101:
83:
75:
63:
53:
45:
35:
26:
21:
613:Paintings by Max Ernst
261:. The Hartford Courant
121:
529:Portrait of Max Ernst
382:The Hat Makes the Man
358:Trophy, Hypertrophied
199:MĂĽller-Bergh, Klaus.
16:Painting by Max Ernst
608:Surrealist paintings
488:Une semaine de bonté
390:The Elephant Celebes
532:(c. 1939 painting)
506:Leonora Carrington
446:The Eye of Silence
374:Murdering Airplane
175:Exiles and Emigres
570:
569:
539:
538:
523:Jimmy Ernst (son)
288:www.metmuseum.org
109:
108:
640:
591:
584:
577:
553:
546:
512:Peggy Guggenheim
328:
321:
314:
305:
304:
298:
297:
295:
294:
280:
271:
270:
268:
266:
254:
248:
247:
227:
221:
220:
218:
216:
196:
190:
189:
169:
143:Hartford Courant
58:Oil on cardboard
31:
19:
18:
648:
647:
643:
642:
641:
639:
638:
637:
598:
597:
596:
595:
542:
540:
535:
494:
460:
414:Forest and Dove
350:Aquis Submersus
337:
332:
302:
301:
292:
290:
282:
281:
274:
264:
262:
255:
251:
244:
228:
224:
214:
212:
197:
193:
186:
170:
166:
161:
138:
17:
12:
11:
5:
646:
636:
635:
630:
625:
623:Dada paintings
620:
618:1937 paintings
615:
610:
594:
593:
586:
579:
571:
568:
567:
554:
537:
536:
534:
533:
525:
520:
515:
509:
502:
500:
496:
495:
493:
492:
484:
479:
474:
468:
466:
462:
461:
459:
458:
450:
442:
434:
430:The Barbarians
426:
418:
410:
402:
394:
386:
378:
370:
362:
354:
345:
343:
339:
338:
331:
330:
323:
316:
308:
300:
299:
272:
249:
242:
222:
191:
184:
163:
162:
160:
157:
152:
151:
137:
134:
113:The Barbarians
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
85:
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
67:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
47:
43:
42:
37:
33:
32:
24:
23:
22:The Barbarians
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
645:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
605:
603:
592:
587:
585:
580:
578:
573:
572:
566:
564:
560:
555:
552:
548:
547:
543:
531:
530:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
503:
501:
497:
490:
489:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
469:
467:
465:Miscellaneous
463:
456:
455:
451:
448:
447:
443:
440:
439:
435:
432:
431:
427:
424:
423:
419:
416:
415:
411:
408:
407:
403:
400:
399:
395:
392:
391:
387:
384:
383:
379:
376:
375:
371:
368:
367:
363:
360:
359:
355:
352:
351:
347:
346:
344:
340:
336:
329:
324:
322:
317:
315:
310:
309:
306:
289:
285:
279:
277:
260:
253:
245:
243:9783110388800
239:
235:
234:
226:
210:
206:
202:
195:
187:
185:9780875871783
181:
177:
176:
168:
164:
156:
149:
148:
147:
145:
144:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
114:
104:
100:
97:
93:
89:
86:
82:
78:
74:
71:
68:
66:
62:
59:
56:
52:
48:
44:
41:
38:
34:
30:
25:
20:
563:expanding it
556:
541:
527:
514:(third wife)
486:
452:
449:(c. 1943-44)
444:
436:
429:
428:
420:
412:
404:
396:
388:
380:
372:
364:
356:
348:
291:. Retrieved
287:
263:. Retrieved
252:
232:
225:
215:27 September
213:. Retrieved
208:
204:
194:
174:
167:
153:
141:
139:
122:Les Barbares
112:
111:
110:
265:9 September
136:Description
105:1999.363.21
602:Categories
293:2019-12-05
159:References
126:surrealist
76:Dimensions
70:Surrealism
508:(partner)
369:(1919-20)
342:Paintings
335:Max Ernst
140:From The
130:Max Ernst
102:Accession
40:Max Ernst
477:Grattage
472:Frottage
422:The Wood
128:painter
92:New York
84:Location
65:Movement
499:Related
211:(1): 83
491:(1934)
482:Loplop
457:(1945)
441:(1941)
433:(1937)
425:(1927)
417:(1927)
409:(1923)
401:(1923)
393:(1921)
385:(1920)
377:(1920)
361:(1919)
353:(1919)
240:
182:
118:French
54:Medium
36:Artist
559:stub
267:2019
238:ISBN
217:2019
180:ISBN
49:1937
46:Year
604::
286:.
275:^
209:13
207:.
203:.
146::
132:.
120::
96:NY
94:,
90:,
590:e
583:t
576:v
565:.
327:e
320:t
313:v
296:.
269:.
246:.
219:.
188:.
116:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
