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The Model 1855 is generally referred to as a rifled musket, since it was the same length as the muskets that it replaced. It had a 40-inch (100 cm) long barrel, and an overall length of 56 inches (140 cm). Three rifle bands held the barrel to the stock. A shorter two band version, generally
569:
were dispatched by U.S. troops armed with the Model 1855 rifled musket before they could get in range with their smoothbores. Lt. Lawrence Kip noted: "Strange to say, not one of our men was injured...This was owing to the long range rifles now first used by our troops... Had these men been armed with
540:
The need for large numbers of weapons at the start of the
American Civil War saw the Model 1855 simplified by the removal of the Maynard tape primer and a few other minor alterations to make it cheaper and easier to manufacture, thus creating the ubiquitous Model 1861. The Model 1855 was the best arm
323:
570:
those formerly used, the result of the fight, as to the loss on our side, would have been far different, for the enemy outnumbered us, and had all of the courage that we are accustomed to ascribe to Indian savages. But they were panic-struck by the effect of our fire at such great distances."
463:
The Model 1855 also used the
Maynard tape primer, which was an attempt at improving the percussion cap system that had been previously developed. Instead of using individual caps which had to be placed for every shot, the Maynard system used a tape which was automatically fed every time the
492:
The greatest problem was the actual tape itself. Despite being advertised as waterproof, the paper strips proved to be susceptible to moisture. An attempt was made to remedy this problem by making the tape primers out of foil, but despite the improvement this brought, the
541:
available at the beginning of the conflict as it took some time for the Model 1861s to be manufactured and actually reach the field. However, less than 80,000 Model 1855 rifled muskets had been manufactured by the start of the war. Some of them were destroyed when the
436:
barrels and the newly invented Minié ball. While older muskets had an effective range of about 50 to 100 yards (46–91 m), the Model 1855 had an effective range of 400 yards (370 m) and was deadly to over 1,000 yards (910 m).
472:
works. While the powder and Minié ball still had to be loaded conventionally, the tape system was designed to automate the placing of the percussion cap and therefore speed up the overall rate of fire of the weapon.
488:
In the field, the
Maynard tape primer proved to be unreliable. Tests conducted between 1859 and 1860 found that half of the primers misfired, and also reported that the tape primer springs did not feed well.
476:
The
Maynard tape system gave the Model 1855 a unique hump under the rifled musket's hammer. The weapon could also be primed in the usual way with standard percussion caps if the tape was unavailable. The
326:
Diagram of a
Springfield Model 1855 rifled musket's lock mechanism from "Rules for Management & Cleaning of the Rifle Musket – Model 1855" Washington Government Printing Office, 1862
318:
Diagram of a
Springfield Model 1855 rifled musket and bayonet from "Rules for Management & Cleaning of the Rifle Musket – Model 1855" Washington Government Printing Office, 1862
589:
on the side of the buttstock, and an iron nosecap to replace the brass one. This variant is sometimes referred to as the Type II with the earlier model designated the Type I.
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referred to as the
Harpers Ferry Model 1855 rifle, was also produced. This shorter rifle had a 33-inch (84 cm) barrel and an overall length of 49 inches (120 cm).
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captured the
Harpers Ferry arsenal in April 1861, and several thousand more were in Southern hands. Approximately 10,000 rifled muskets had also been shipped to
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732:"Gunsmoke and saddle leather: firearms in the nineteenth-century American West" By Charles G. Worman, published by the University of New Mexico Press, 2005
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where it too was put to use for significant arms production throughout the War. As a result of using the original arsenal machinery, the
988:
928:
784:"2008 Standard Catalog of Firearms: The Collector's Price and Reference Guide" by Dan Shideler, Published by Krause Publications, 2008
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750:"The Guns That Won the West: Firearms on the American Frontier, 1848-1898", by John Walter, Published by MBI Publishing Company, 2006
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107:
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abandoned the
Maynard system and went back to the standard percussion lock in later rifled muskets like the Model 1861.
514:, where it formed the backbone of Confederate weapon manufacturing capability. The rifled musket machinery was taken to
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The Model 1855 rifled musket was modified in 1858 to include a simpler rear sight (the typical flip-up leaf type), a
983:
963:
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875:
677:"Civil War Weapons and Equipment" by Russ A. Pritchard, Jr., Russ A. Pritchard Jr. Published by Globe Pequot, 2003
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had been .69 caliber, about the same as all
European muskets since 18th century, but tests conducted by the
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511:
938:
741:"Firearms: The Life Story of a Technology" by Roger Pauly, Published by Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004
424:. In the 1840s, the unreliable flintlocks had been replaced by much more reliable and weather resistant
386:
The Model 1855 Springfield was a rifled musket used in the mid-19th century. It was manufactured by the
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693:"Arms and Equipment of the Civil War" by Jack Coggins, Published by Courier Dover Publications, 2004
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undersized to reduce the effects of powder fouling and for the skirt to grip the grooves when firing
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Most Model 1855 rifled muskets were used throughout the Civil War with standard percussion caps.
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The Model 1855 was in production from 1856 until 1860 and was the standard-issue firearm of the
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565:(Spokane Plains) where the Northern tribes greatly outnumbered U.S. troops. The attacking
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The machinery to make the Model 1855 rifled muskets, at Harpers Ferry was captured by the
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448:, barrel on the Model 1855 was .58 caliber, which was smaller than previous muskets. The
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Sharps M1848, M1850, M1851, M1852, M1853, M1855, M1859, M1863, M1865 carbine and rifle
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showed that the smaller .58 caliber was more accurate when used with a Minié ball.
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in early 1861. The captured machinery to produce rifled muskets was taken to
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James 24-pounder M1839, 32-pounder M1829 and 42-pounder M1841 rifled cannon
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Parrott 30-pounder, 100-pounder, 200-pounder and 300-pounder rifled cannon
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supplanted it, obviating the use of the insufficiently weather resistant
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1541:(also known as James 6-pounder M1861 or 3.8-inch M1861 rifled cannon)
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authorized the adoption of the Maynard system for the Model 1855.
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1,000 ft/s (300 m/s) to 1,400 ft/s (430 m/s)
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707:"U.S. Model 1855 Springfield: The Rifle-Musket of the Regulars"
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Approximately 75,000 Model 1855 rifled muskets were produced.
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were two of the finest weapons produced by the Confederacy.
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The Model 1855 got its first test in September 1858 in the
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Joslyn M1855, M1861, M1862, M1864, M1865 carbine and rifle
582:
A pistol-carbine of the Model 1855 was produced as well.
334:
Springfield Model 1855 with Maynard tape primer mechanism
549:, and therefore were useless for the Union war effort.
825:
174:
Type I, Type II, two band short rifle, pistol-carbine
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8-inch M1841, 10-inch M1841 and 13-inch M1861 mortar
358:. It exploited the advantages of the new conical
1729:
1255:Spencer M1860, M1865 repeating carbine and rifle
468:was cocked, similar to the way a modern child's
264:User dependent; usually 2 to 3 rounds per minute
811:
1758:Weapons of the Confederate States of America
929:Allen & Thurber M1837 revolver pepperbox
881:M1850 army staff & field officer's sword
994:Deringer M1825 Philadelphia caplock pistol
866:M1840 army noncommissioned officer's sword
818:
804:
452:and all of its derivatives up through the
1082:Wesson and Leavitt M1850 Dragoon revolver
1039:Remington M1860 Elliot revolver pepperbox
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329:
321:
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290:800 to 1,000 yd (730 to 910 m)
944:Butterfield M1855 transitional revolver
428:. The smoothbore barrel and inaccurate
1730:
1566:Parrott 20-pounder M1861 rifled cannon
1561:Parrott 10-pounder M1861 rifled cannon
1518:12-pounder M1857 Napoleon field cannon
495:United States Army Ordnance Department
282:200 to 400 yd (180 to 370 m)
108:United States Army Ordnance Department
1415:Billinghurst Requa Battery volley gun
1134:Colt M1855 revolver carbine and rifle
799:
342:Springfield Model 1855 pistol-carbine
1538:James 14-pounder M1861 rifled cannon
1004:Harpers Ferry M1836 and M1842 pistol
906:USMC noncommissioned officer's sword
762:"The U.S. Model 1855 Pistol Carbine"
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1551:Ordnance 3-inch M1861 rifled cannon
1054:Smith & Wesson Model No. 2 Army
934:Allen & Wheelock M1861 revolver
759:
13:
1634:Whitworth 70-pounder rifled cannon
1581:Whitworth 12-pounder rifled cannon
1513:12-pounder M1841 mountain howitzer
1245:Sharps & Hankins M1862 carbine
1129:Charleville M1816 and M1822 musket
999:Elgin M1838 cutlass caplock pistol
14:
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1058:Spiller & Burr M1861 revolver
827:Weapons of the American Civil War
791:
723:
696:
680:
662:
1044:Savage-North M1861 Navy revolver
659:, House Documents, 1861, P. 167.
279:Effective firing range
29:
1556:Ordnance 4.5-inch rifled cannon
1310:Springfield M1863 rifled musket
1305:Springfield M1861 rifled musket
1300:Springfield M1855 rifled musket
1119:Brunswick P1836 and P1841 rifle
1072:Volcanic M1855 repeating pistol
1480:Coehorn 5.82-inch M1841 mortar
1330:Wesson M1859 carbine and rifle
1325:Volcanic M1855 repeating rifle
1062:Starr M1858 and M1863 revolver
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753:
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735:
650:
287:Maximum firing range
160:
1:
939:Beaumont–Adams M1862 revolver
643:
537:in the pre-Civil War years.
1503:6-pounder M1841 field cannon
1423:Gatling I and II machine gun
1235:Richmond M1861 rifled musket
949:Colt M1836 Paterson revolver
552:
432:were also being replaced by
7:
1295:Springfield M1847 musketoon
1184:Henry M1860 repeating rifle
1149:Enfield P1853 rifled musket
1144:Deringer M1817 Common rifle
1139:Deringer M1814 Common rifle
959:Colt M1848 Dragoon revolver
886:M1852 naval officer's sword
876:M1840 light artillery saber
621:
573:
187:9.25 lb (4.20 kg)
10:
1774:
1753:American Civil War weapons
1201:Lorenz M1854 rifled musket
1049:Smith & Wesson Model 1
984:Colt M1862 Police revolver
964:Colt M1849 Pocket revolver
954:Colt M1847 Walker revolver
858:M1832 foot artillery sword
381:
206:40 in (1,000 mm)
195:56 in (1,400 mm)
1748:American Civil War rifles
1646:
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1528:32-pounder M1844 howitzer
1523:24-pounder M1841 howitzer
1508:12-pounder M1841 howitzer
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1465:
1456:
1400:
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1095:
1019:Lefaucheux M1858 revolver
1014:Lefaucheux M1854 revolver
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896:M1860 light cavalry saber
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604:United States Army rifle
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48:Place of origin
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1604:Bomford Columbiad cannon
1290:Springfield M1842 musket
1285:Springfield M1840 musket
1280:Springfield M1835 musket
1275:Springfield M1822 musket
1270:Springfield M1816 musket
1265:Springfield M1812 musket
1260:Springfield M1795 musket
1179:Harper Ferry M1803 rifle
1174:Hall-North M1843 carbine
1159:Fayetteville M1862 rifle
1034:Remington M1858 revolver
989:Colt Root M1855 revolver
979:Colt M1861 Navy revolver
974:Colt M1860 Army revolver
969:Colt M1851 Navy revolver
1629:Rodman Columbiad cannon
1364:Double-barreled shotgun
1216:Mississippi M1841 rifle
1154:Enfield P1861 musketoon
23:Springfield Model 1855
1164:Gallager M1861 carbine
1124:Burnside M1855 carbine
1087:Whitney M1857 revolver
1067:Tranter M1856 revolver
613:Springfield Model 1861
454:Springfield Model 1842
450:Springfield Model 1816
372:Springfield Model 1861
348:Springfield Model 1855
343:
335:
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260:Rate of fire
1533:Blakely rifled cannon
1443:Vandenberg volley gun
1335:Whitworth P1857 rifle
1320:Tarpley M1863 carbine
1211:Merrill M1858 carbine
1206:Maynard M1851 carbine
1109:Augustin M1842 musket
341:
333:
325:
317:
1738:Springfield firearms
1609:Brooke rifled cannon
1576:Pate revolver cannon
1448:Williams machine gun
1433:Pate revolver cannon
1369:Hale rocket launcher
1230:Potzdam M1831 musket
1077:Walch M1859 revolver
1029:Moore M1864 revolver
1024:LeMat M1856 revolver
924:Adams M1851 revolver
638:Harpers Ferry pistol
563:Battle of Four Lakes
543:Confederate military
516:Fayetteville Arsenal
442:Pattern 1853 Enfield
396:Harpers Ferry Armory
270:Muzzle velocity
134:Harpers Ferry Armory
89:American Indian Wars
1697:Maynard tape primer
1419:Claxton machine gun
1315:Starr M1858 carbine
1250:Smith M1857 carbine
1114:Ballard M1861 rifle
1009:Kerr M1855 revolver
871:M1840 cavalry saber
862:M1833 dragoon saber
528:Fayetteville rifles
376:Maynard tape primer
354:widely used in the
249:Maynard tape primer
1438:Ripley machine gun
1428:Gorgas machine gun
1402:Rapid fire weapons
843:Arkansas toothpick
633:Springfield musket
388:Springfield Armory
356:American Civil War
344:
336:
328:
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147:$ 20 $ 655 in 2023
130:Springfield Armory
99:Production history
93:American Civil War
79:Confederate States
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1596:Coastal artillery
1542:
766:American Rifleman
760:Mcaulay, John D.
711:American Rifleman
628:Springfield rifle
619:
618:
610:Succeeded by
598:Model 1816 Musket
559:Pacific Northwest
406:) along with the
370:alike, until the
312:
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1614:Carronade cannon
1540:
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1410:Ager machine gun
1392:Winans Steam Gun
1221:P1839 and P1842
1169:Hall M1819 rifle
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508:Confederate Army
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417:had mostly been
295:Feed system
238:.58 (14.7320 mm)
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1619:Dahlgren cannon
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58:Service history
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1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1682:Canister shot
1680:
1678:
1677:Buck and ball
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:and equipment
1653:
1649:
1645:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1491:
1487:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:Rains grenade
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:Adams grenade
1349:
1348:
1346:
1344:Other weapons
1342:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
921:
919:
917:
913:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
891:M1860 cutlass
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
840:
838:
836:
835:Edged weapons
832:
828:
821:
816:
814:
809:
807:
802:
801:
798:
781:
767:
763:
756:
747:
738:
729:
727:
712:
708:
702:
700:
690:
688:
686:
684:
674:
672:
670:
668:
666:
658:
653:
649:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
625:
614:
605:
599:
593:
590:
588:
583:
580:
571:
568:
564:
560:
550:
548:
544:
538:
536:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
504:
501:
498:
496:
490:
486:
484:
480:
474:
471:
467:
461:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
438:
435:
431:
427:
423:
420:
416:
411:
409:
405:
404:West Virginia
401:
397:
393:
392:Massachusetts
389:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
352:rifled musket
349:
340:
332:
324:
316:
307:
303:
300:
299:Muzzle-loaded
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
271:
267:
263:
261:
257:
254:
250:
247:
245:
241:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
220:
218:
214:
209:
205:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
177:
173:
169:
165:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
139:
135:
131:
128:
124:
120:
116:
113:
109:
106:
102:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
75:United States
73:
69:
65:
61:
56:
53:
52:United States
50:
46:
43:
42:Rifled musket
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
16:Rifled musket
1299:
1222:
1189:
1188:Jenks M1841
780:
769:. Retrieved
765:
755:
746:
737:
714:. Retrieved
710:
652:
603:
584:
581:
577:
556:
539:
535:Regular Army
532:
505:
502:
499:
491:
487:
481:at the time
475:
462:
446:Lorenz rifle
439:
412:
402:(modern-day
385:
368:Confederates
347:
345:
203: length
126:Manufacturer
71:Used by
853:Bowie knife
394:and at the
308:Iron sights
163: built
1732:Categories
1702:Minié ball
1652:cartridges
1648:Ammunition
1223:Brown Bess
771:2021-08-21
716:2021-05-28
644:References
607:1855-1861
547:California
440:Following
430:round ball
422:flintlocks
419:smoothbore
360:Minié ball
226:Minié ball
1692:Gunpowder
1667:.44 Henry
1662:.22 Short
1458:Artillery
1354:Coach gun
587:patch box
553:First use
458:U.S. Army
217:Cartridge
166:c. 75,000
155:1856–1860
66:1856–1865
1387:Sea mine
1190:Mule ear
916:Sidearms
622:See also
574:Variants
526:and the
444:and the
413:Earlier
400:Virginia
171:Variants
152:Produced
118:Designed
104:Designer
1467:Mortars
1192:carbine
1101:muskets
848:Bayonet
561:at the
470:cap gun
415:muskets
382:Origins
234:Caliber
1717:Ramrod
1225:musket
1097:Rifles
466:hammer
434:rifled
350:was a
305:Sights
244:Action
201:Barrel
192:Length
1591:Naval
1490:Field
364:Union
1099:and
366:and
346:The
184:Mass
121:1855
85:Wars
38:Type
1593:and
1492:and
398:in
390:in
161:No.
1734::
1650:,
764:.
725:^
709:.
698:^
682:^
664:^
518:,
410:.
378:.
224:,
110:,
819:e
812:t
805:v
774:.
719:.
251:/
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