25:
146:
1034:
869:(Decision No. 123 of 1962), while acknowledging the legitimacy of the section, recognized the lawfulness of secondary strikes if genuine commonality of interest is present. In particular, a solidarity action may be legitimate to protest the dismissal of workers by a company in a particular industry.
999:. Some legal definitions for secondary boycotting divide it into two different kinds: secondary consumer boycotts according to the above definition of secondary boycotts, and secondary employee boycotts, also defined as a secondary strike.
1021:
and its primary boycotts of
California grapes, lettuce and wine. Its secondary boycotts involved asking consumers to stop shopping at a grocery store chain until the chain stopped carrying the boycotted grapes, lettuce, or wine.
920:
Solidarity action rights in Sweden are very broad. In particular, there are no requirements for either reasonable proportion between the primary and secondary actions, or a connection to the targeted parties. Moreover, the
845:
The secondary action is also legal if there is a close relationship between the target in the secondary dispute and the primary dispute, on the premise that in such case the secondary target can influence the primary one.
893:
In Polish law the solidarity strike is permitted only for a maximum length of half a day, and only in solidarity with the sectors that themselves do not have the right to strike (e.g. police, military).
906:
had recognized their legality if there is at least a minimum convergence of interest, as established by courts on a case-by-case basis, between the participants in the primary and secondary strikes.
1181:
885:
In 2014 the high council of the
Netherlands ruled that solidarity strikes are in principle legal, when the involved secondary parties are not disproportionately affected.
925:
does not apply to the secondary action, the general prohibition of industrial action against a neutral third party is lifted, and permissible actions are not limited to
967:
855:
922:
820:
1173:
973:
In 2005, union leaders called for the legalization of solidarity strikes in the aftermath of the strike action against the catering company
1320:
1408:
2135:
410:
1240:
1214:
2027:
952:
944:
418:
89:
995:
Secondary boycotting is frequently confused with secondary striking, also a prohibited tactic for labour unions covered by the
379:
61:
1371:
1058:
778:, Italy and Spain have restrictions in place that restrict the circumstances in which solidarity action can take place (see
966:, which outlawed solidarity action entirely. The laws outlawing solidarity strikes remain to this day, as codified by the
405:
180:
68:
948:
42:
1997:
1519:
812:
289:
108:
2110:
551:
423:
274:
75:
1931:
703:
626:
2180:
1401:
324:
319:
46:
57:
2226:
611:
903:
866:
586:
1539:
1479:
1936:
1781:
1426:
1302:
789:
with a worker's direct contractual employer. Thus, a secondary action is a dispute with the employer's
660:
596:
1445:
1394:
938:
860:
767:
616:
344:
284:
2231:
2115:
1977:
1951:
1921:
1570:
591:
566:
294:
195:
1095:
815:. In the 1910s, sympathy strikes were sometimes called to extend a strike beyond the bounds of an
785:
The term "secondary action" is often used with the intention of distinguishing different types of
2236:
1941:
1761:
1585:
1529:
1484:
1039:
990:
958:
Solidarity action remained legal until 1980, when the government of
Margaret Thatcher passed the
763:
606:
135:
35:
2120:
1801:
571:
541:
533:
304:
82:
770:, solidarity action is theoretically illegal, and strikes can only be against the contractual
1926:
1580:
1358:
806:
759:
601:
561:
546:
269:
175:
1366:. European Trade Union Institute for Research, Education and Health and Safety (ETUI-REHS).
1590:
1504:
1494:
1289:
996:
752:
650:
581:
400:
235:
205:
8:
2241:
2185:
2039:
2022:
1646:
1605:
1499:
1007:
963:
959:
779:
696:
576:
230:
877:
Secondary action is illegal, unless its objective is to facilitate a general agreement.
2170:
1972:
1946:
1871:
1751:
1741:
1575:
915:
479:
339:
2095:
2090:
1806:
1715:
1631:
1595:
1367:
831:
Secondary action is generally prohibited, unless it satisfies the multiple criteria:
775:
736:
670:
621:
556:
309:
165:
1135:
2100:
2075:
1560:
1349:
M Kite and T Freinberg, 'Unions to
Challenge Blair Over Ban on Secondary Strikes' (
816:
655:
645:
200:
1241:"Art. 19. – [Niedopuszczalność strajku] – Rozwiązywanie sporów zbiorowych"
1916:
1866:
1766:
1736:
1474:
1436:
978:
675:
489:
447:
369:
155:
2195:
2080:
2054:
2034:
2012:
1896:
1891:
1876:
1839:
1641:
1469:
1244:
1218:
1215:"Art. 22. – [Strajk solidarnościowy] – Rozwiązywanie sporów zbiorowych"
977:, but Labour ministers stated that they had no intention of repealing the law.
790:
689:
514:
509:
494:
457:
279:
125:
2220:
2165:
2130:
2125:
2044:
2002:
1826:
1796:
1756:
1636:
1626:
1600:
1565:
1544:
1011:
786:
744:
439:
374:
334:
299:
225:
1290:
Section 224 of the Trade Union and Labour
Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992
2200:
2160:
2155:
2085:
1861:
1849:
1816:
1710:
1705:
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519:
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467:
364:
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314:
264:
259:
251:
185:
2145:
2105:
2017:
1811:
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1700:
1690:
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1610:
1534:
1524:
1509:
1441:
740:
393:
220:
190:
170:
2175:
2150:
2140:
2059:
2049:
1967:
1695:
1514:
1015:
1003:
794:
665:
359:
354:
2007:
1856:
1791:
1776:
1771:
1685:
474:
215:
210:
24:
2205:
2190:
1786:
1386:
1051:
926:
771:
748:
747:
initiated by workers in a separate corporation, but often the same
329:
1002:
Because farm laborers in the United States are not covered by the
797:, contracting parties, or any other employer in another industry.
145:
1886:
1047:
504:
1834:
1746:
452:
1033:
854:
Solidarity action is generally a crime per article 505 of the
1844:
943:
In the United
Kingdom, sympathy strikes were outlawed by the
462:
1360:
Strike Rules in the EU27 and Beyond: A Comparative
Overview
968:
Trade Union and Labour
Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992
1271:
1119:
1117:
811:
In
Australia, secondary boycotts are prohibited by the
1303:"Sympathy Strikes & the Law: Is Solidarity Legal?"
1259:
1174:"Stakingsrecht opgerekt: ook acties bij leveranciers"
902:
Secondary action is generally unlawful, however, the
1195:
1153:
1141:
1114:
1029:
1102:
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2218:
1010:union has legally used solidarity boycotting of
838:direct effect on a party in the primary dispute;
1321:"Labor Relations, Overview – Sympathy Strikes"
841:proportionality and fairness to the objective.
1825:
1402:
697:
16:Strike action in support of another workplace
1171:
955:, passed by the postwar Labour Government.
2136:International comparisons of labour unions
1409:
1395:
704:
690:
981:staff walked out in solidarity, however.
962:to restrict it. That was followed by the
929:(can include boycotts, blockades, etc.).
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1300:
1078:See H Collins, KD Ewing and A McColgan,
953:Trade Disputes and Trade Unions Act 1946
945:Trade Disputes and Trade Unions Act 1927
835:no promotion of strikers’ own interests;
819:to make it eligible for handling by the
1356:
1277:
1265:
1201:
1159:
1147:
1123:
1108:
2219:
1390:
1090:
1088:
1014:chains to aid to its strikes against
1416:
1301:Schwartz, Robert (23 October 2008).
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
380:Workers' right to access the toilet
13:
1085:
1059:Longshoremen v. Allied Int'l, Inc.
880:
14:
2253:
1998:Labour spies in the United States
1096:Competition and Consumer Act 2010
932:
813:Competition and Consumer Act 2010
2111:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
1172:HerderscheĂŞ, Gijs (2014-11-03).
1032:
984:
275:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
144:
23:
1932:Enterprise bargaining agreement
1313:
1294:
1283:
1233:
1207:
1184:from the original on 2021-10-27
34:needs additional citations for
2181:Occupational safety and health
1165:
1129:
1072:
325:Occupational safety and health
320:Occupational safety and health
1:
1343:
448:Chronological list of strikes
1099:(Cth), sections 45D to 45DD.
800:
7:
1540:Duty of fair representation
1480:National trade union centre
1025:
951:. That was repealed by the
10:
2258:
1937:Global Framework Agreement
1327:. Bloomburg Industry Group
988:
936:
913:
826:
804:
762:, Latvia, Luxembourg, the
2068:
1990:
1960:
1909:
1724:
1673:
1664:
1619:
1553:
1462:
1455:
1422:
939:United Kingdom labour law
909:
888:
872:
821:federal arbitration court
411:International comparisons
345:Right to rest and leisure
285:Employment discrimination
2116:Equal pay for equal work
1952:Union security agreement
1922:Collaborative bargaining
1571:Social movement unionism
1136:Sentenza n. 123 del 1962
1065:
947:in the aftermath of the
897:
849:
196:Social movement unionism
1762:Occupation of factories
1485:Global union federation
1040:Organized labour portal
991:United States labor law
406:Trade union federations
401:Trade unions by country
2121:Exploitation of labour
1802:Organizational dissent
305:Freedom of association
176:Exploitation of labour
1978:Workers' compensation
1927:Collective bargaining
1581:Members-only unionism
807:Australian labour law
755:, or connected firm.
290:Employment protection
270:Collective bargaining
2227:Community organizing
1591:Open-source unionism
1505:Father of the chapel
1495:Union representative
1357:Warneck, W. (2007).
1325:www.bloomberglaw.com
904:Constitutional Court
867:Constitutional Court
651:Industrial relations
640:Academic disciplines
236:National-syndicalism
206:Democratic socialism
43:improve this article
2186:Occupational stress
2040:Demarcation dispute
2023:Anti-union violence
1647:Industrial unionism
1606:Solidarity unionism
1520:Vigilance committee
1500:Clerk of the chapel
1008:United Farm Workers
964:Employment Act 1990
960:Employment Act 1980
780:European labour law
231:Anarcho-syndicalism
58:"Solidarity action"
2171:Professional abuse
1973:Union wage premium
1947:Pattern bargaining
1882:Solidarity actions
1742:Diversity training
1576:Community unionism
1353:, 27 August 2005).
1050:, for the related
916:Swedish labour law
753:group of companies
340:Professional abuse
2214:
2213:
2096:Conflict theories
2091:Four-day workweek
1986:
1985:
1905:
1904:
1807:Industrial action
1716:Union co-op model
1660:
1659:
1632:Independent union
1596:Business unionism
1373:978-2-87452-087-7
1280:, pp. 68–69.
1247:. 27 January 2020
1221:. 27 January 2020
793:, its suppliers,
737:industrial action
729:solidarity strike
725:secondary boycott
717:Solidarity action
714:
713:
671:Post-work society
500:Solidarity action
310:Legal working age
166:Conflict theories
119:
118:
111:
93:
2249:
2101:Critique of work
2076:35-hour workweek
1867:Pen-down strikes
1823:
1822:
1674:Shops and hiring
1671:
1670:
1561:Organizing model
1460:
1459:
1417:Organized labour
1411:
1404:
1397:
1388:
1387:
1383:
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1380:
1365:
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1332:
1317:
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1199:
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1190:
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1133:
1127:
1121:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1092:
1083:
1076:
1042:
1037:
1036:
997:Taft–Hartley Act
923:peace obligation
865:. However, the
864:
817:Australian state
743:in support of a
721:secondary action
706:
699:
692:
656:Labour economics
646:Critique of work
490:Pen-down strikes
201:Social democracy
148:
138:
137:Organized labour
128:
121:
120:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2232:Protest tactics
2217:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2064:
1982:
1956:
1942:Master contract
1917:Bargaining unit
1901:
1897:Wildcat strikes
1821:
1767:Precarious work
1737:Contingent work
1720:
1666:
1656:
1615:
1549:
1475:Union organizer
1451:
1437:Labour movement
1418:
1415:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1363:
1351:Daily Telegraph
1346:
1341:
1340:
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1328:
1319:
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1314:
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1212:
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1146:
1142:
1134:
1130:
1122:
1115:
1107:
1103:
1093:
1086:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1038:
1031:
1028:
993:
987:
979:British Airways
970:(Section 224).
941:
935:
918:
912:
900:
891:
883:
881:The Netherlands
875:
858:
852:
829:
809:
803:
733:sympathy strike
719:(also known as
710:
681:
680:
676:Refusal of work
641:
633:
632:
631:
536:
526:
525:
524:
515:Wildcat strikes
510:Whipsaw strikes
495:Sitdown strikes
442:
432:
431:
428:
396:
386:
385:
384:
370:Toxic workplace
254:
244:
243:
240:
158:
156:Labour movement
136:
126:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2255:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2237:Labor disputes
2234:
2229:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2196:Social support
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2166:Prison strikes
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2131:Hunger strikes
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2081:Eight-hour day
2078:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2055:Featherbedding
2052:
2047:
2045:Strikebreaking
2042:
2037:
2035:Union violence
2032:
2031:
2030:
2020:
2015:
2013:Churn and burn
2010:
2005:
2000:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1877:Sitdown strike
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1840:General strike
1837:
1831:
1829:
1827:Strike actions
1820:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
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1774:
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1668:
1662:
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1644:
1642:Craft unionism
1639:
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1629:
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1527:
1522:
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1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
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1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1470:Labour council
1466:
1464:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1427:Labour history
1423:
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1414:
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1406:
1399:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1372:
1354:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1312:
1293:
1282:
1270:
1258:
1245:Wolters Kluwer
1232:
1219:Wolters Kluwer
1206:
1194:
1164:
1152:
1140:
1128:
1113:
1101:
1084:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1055:
1044:
1043:
1027:
1024:
986:
983:
949:general strike
934:
933:United Kingdom
931:
911:
908:
899:
896:
890:
887:
882:
879:
874:
871:
851:
848:
843:
842:
839:
836:
828:
825:
802:
799:
791:parent company
768:United Kingdom
712:
711:
709:
708:
701:
694:
686:
683:
682:
679:
678:
673:
668:
663:
661:Labour history
658:
653:
648:
642:
639:
638:
635:
634:
630:
629:
624:
622:United Kingdom
619:
614:
609:
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599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
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538:
537:
534:Labour parties
532:
531:
528:
527:
523:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
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487:
482:
477:
472:
471:
470:
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458:General strike
455:
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347:
342:
337:
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297:
292:
287:
282:
280:Eight-hour day
277:
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233:
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132:
131:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2254:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2126:Forced labour
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
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2084:
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2079:
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2074:
2073:
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2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2028:United States
2026:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2003:Union busting
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
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1918:
1915:
1914:
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1908:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
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1862:Overtime bans
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375:Unfree labour
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300:Four-day week
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60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2201:Wage slavery
2161:Maximum wage
2156:Minimum wage
2086:Six-hour day
2069:Other topics
1961:Compensation
1881:
1817:Work-to-rule
1711:Scope clause
1652:Police union
1490:Unionization
1377:. Retrieved
1359:
1350:
1329:. Retrieved
1324:
1315:
1306:
1296:
1285:
1278:Warneck 2007
1273:
1266:Warneck 2007
1261:
1249:. Retrieved
1235:
1223:. Retrieved
1209:
1202:Warneck 2007
1197:
1186:. Retrieved
1180:(in Dutch).
1177:
1167:
1160:Warneck 2007
1155:
1148:Warneck 2007
1143:
1138:(in Italian)
1131:
1124:Warneck 2007
1111:, p. 8.
1109:Warneck 2007
1104:
1094:
1079:
1074:
1057:
1019:agribusiness
1001:
994:
975:Gate Gourmet
972:
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942:
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876:
853:
844:
830:
810:
784:
757:
732:
728:
724:
720:
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520:Work-to-rule
499:
394:Trade unions
365:Six-hour day
350:Right to sit
315:Minimum wage
265:Child labour
260:Annual leave
186:New unionism
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2146:Labour code
2106:Decent work
2060:Union raids
2050:Goon squads
2018:Paper local
1872:Recognition
1812:Unfair list
1732:Bossnapping
1701:Hiring hall
1691:Agency shop
1681:Closed shop
1611:Syndicalism
1535:Trades hall
1525:Union label
1510:Local union
1442:Trade union
1331:24 November
1307:Labor Notes
1251:15 November
1225:15 November
859: [
741:trade union
617:South Korea
597:Netherlands
592:New Zealand
221:Syndicalism
191:Proletariat
171:Decent work
99:August 2023
2242:Labour law
2221:Categories
2176:Protection
2151:Labour law
2141:Job strain
1968:Strike pay
1910:Bargaining
1857:Green bans
1850:newspapers
1696:Union shop
1665:Industrial
1515:Union dues
1379:2023-12-30
1344:References
1188:2023-12-17
1178:Volkskrant
1082:(2012) 693
1080:Labour Law
1016:California
1004:Wagner Act
989:See also:
937:See also:
914:See also:
856:Penal Code
805:See also:
795:financiers
766:, and the
749:enterprise
666:Labour law
475:Green bans
468:newspapers
360:Sick leave
355:Sabbatical
69:newspapers
2008:Givebacks
1991:Reactions
1792:Stay-away
1777:Picketing
1772:Precarity
1752:Grievance
1686:Open shop
1667:relations
1463:Structure
1456:Formation
927:walk-outs
801:Australia
760:Australia
612:Singapore
567:Hong Kong
542:Australia
295:Equal pay
216:Communism
211:Socialism
2206:Workload
2191:Overwork
1787:Slowdown
1182:Archived
1052:consumer
1026:See also
772:employer
607:Portugal
547:Barbados
505:Walkouts
480:Lockouts
330:Overwork
181:Timeline
127:a series
124:Part of
1892:Whipsaw
1887:Walkout
1782:Salting
1725:Actions
1054:concept
1048:Boycott
827:Germany
776:Germany
731:, or a
572:Ireland
562:Georgia
83:scholar
1835:Hartal
1747:Gherao
1554:Models
1370:
1006:, the
910:Sweden
889:Poland
873:Latvia
745:strike
627:Sweden
602:Norway
577:Israel
552:Brazil
453:Hartal
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1845:Bandh
1620:Types
1364:(PDF)
1066:Notes
898:Spain
863:]
850:Italy
739:by a
735:) is
582:Malta
463:Bandh
90:JSTOR
76:books
1706:Bump
1530:Salt
1368:ISBN
1333:2023
1253:2023
1227:2023
727:, a
723:, a
557:Fiji
424:WFTU
419:ITUC
62:news
782:).
758:In
45:by
2223::
1323:.
1305:.
1243:.
1217:.
1176:.
1116:^
1087:^
861:it
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774:.
751:,
130:on
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1444:(
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705:e
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106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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