Solar System - Knowledge

3492: 1715: 1994: 2899: 1175: 3106: 23040: 20013: 21040: 2599: 2405: 1431: 10071: 2657: 958: 946: 3359: 1049: 3072: 2977: 2611:. Most scattered disc objects have perihelia within the Kuiper belt but aphelia far beyond it (some more than 150 AU from the Sun). SDOs' orbits can be inclined up to 46.8° from the ecliptic plane. Some astronomers consider the scattered disc to be merely another region of the Kuiper belt and describe scattered-disc objects as "scattered Kuiper belt objects". Some astronomers classify centaurs as inward-scattered Kuiper belt objects along with the outward-scattered residents of the scattered disc. 1224: 1810: 2417: 6136: 18356: 36: 2833: 10068: 22780: 20880: 2752: 3255: 6082: 2440:. The latter have orbits whose periods are in a simple ratio to that of Neptune: for example, going around the Sun twice for every three times that Neptune does, or once for every two. The classical belt consists of objects having no resonance with Neptune, and extends from roughly 39.4 to 47.7 AU. Members of the classical Kuiper belt are sometimes called "cubewanos", after the first of their kind to be discovered, originally designated 18254: 18322: 18339: 18305: 18134: 18373: 23064: 18288: 834: 3032:. Their closest approaches to the Sun are mostly clustered around one sector and their orbits are similarly tilted, suggesting that a large planet might be influencing their orbit over millions of years. However, some astronomers said that this observation might be credited to observational biases or just sheer coincidence. An alternative hypothesis has a close flyby of another star disrupting the outer Solar System. 23016: 19989: 3618: 22894: 20892: 18271: 23028: 20001: 3646: 3632: 689: 9790: 9706: 1024:. With the exception of Mercury, the orbits of the planets are nearly circular, but many comets, asteroids, and Kuiper belt objects follow highly elliptical orbits. Kepler's laws only account for the influence of the Sun's gravity upon an orbiting body, not the gravitational pulls of different bodies upon each other. On a human time scale, these perturbations can be accounted for using 23052: 22791: 3013:) from the Sun and possibly to as far as 100,000 AU (~1.8 ly). The Oort cloud is thought to be composed of comets that were ejected from the inner Solar System by gravitational interactions with the outer planets. Oort cloud objects move very slowly, and can be perturbed by infrequent events, such as collisions, the gravitational effects of a passing star, or the 2429:

planets. There are estimated to be over 100,000 Kuiper belt objects with a diameter greater than 50 km (30 mi), but the total mass of the Kuiper belt is thought to be only a tenth or even a hundredth the mass of Earth. Many Kuiper belt objects have satellites, and most have orbits that are substantially inclined (~10°) to the plane of the ecliptic.

830:. There is a small chance that another star will pass through the Solar System in the next few billion years. Although this could destabilize the system and eventually lead millions of years later to expulsion of planets, collisions of planets, or planets hitting the Sun, it would most likely leave the Solar System much as it is today. 2390:. It appears to consist overwhelmingly of many thousands of small worlds—the largest having a diameter only a fifth that of Earth and a mass far smaller than that of the Moon—composed mainly of rock and ice. This region is sometimes described as the "third zone of the Solar System", enclosing the inner and the outer Solar System. 4362: 4173:

and the asteroid belt (estimated to be 0.0005 Earth mass) for a total, rounded upwards, of ~37 Earth masses, or 8.1% of the mass in orbit around the Sun. With the combined masses of Uranus and Neptune (~31 Earth masses) subtracted, the remaining ~6 Earth masses of material comprise 1.3% of the total orbiting mass.

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stars than Mercury is to the Sun, a hypothesis has arisen that all planetary systems start with many close-in planets, and that typically a sequence of their collisions causes consolidation of mass into few larger planets, but in case of the Solar System the collisions caused their destruction and ejection.

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K. E.; Magnes, W.; McNutt, R. L.; Miller, J.; Moebius, E.; Mostafavi, P.; Opher, M.; Paxton, L.; Plaschke, F.; Poppe, A. R.; Roelof, E. C.; Runyon, K.; Redfield, S.; Schwadron, N.; Sterken, V.; Swaczyna, P.; Szalay, J.; Turner, D.; Vannier, H.; Wimmer-Schweingruber, R.; Wurz, P.; Zirnstein, E. J. (2023).

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possessed by all its moving components. Although the Sun dominates the system by mass, it accounts for only about 2% of the angular momentum. The planets, dominated by Jupiter, account for most of the rest of the angular momentum due to the combination of their mass, orbit, and distance from the Sun,

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Brandt, P. C.; Provornikova, E.; Bale, S. D.; Cocoros, A.; DeMajistre, R.; Dialynas, K.; Elliott, H. A.; Eriksson, S.; Fields, B.; Galli, A.; Hill, M. E.; Horanyi, M.; Horbury, T.; Hunziker, S.; Kollmann, P.; Kinnison, J.; Fountain, G.; Krimigis, S. M.; Kurth, W. S.; Linsky, J.; Lisse, C. M.; Mandt,

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The mass of the Solar System excluding the Sun, Jupiter and Saturn can be determined by adding together all the calculated masses for its largest objects and using rough calculations for the masses of the Oort cloud (estimated at roughly 3 Earth masses), the Kuiper belt (estimated at 0.1 Earth mass)

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The four outer planets, called giant planets or Jovian planets, collectively make up 99% of the mass known to orbit the Sun. All four giant planets have multiple moons and a ring system, although only Saturn's rings are easily observed from Earth. Jupiter and Saturn are composed mainly of gases with

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from the Sun, which lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. It is thought to be remnants from the Solar System's formation that failed to coalesce because of the gravitational interference of Jupiter. The asteroid belt contains tens of thousands, possibly millions, of objects over one kilometer

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Uncommonly, it has only small terrestrial and large gas giants; elsewhere planets of intermediate size are typical—both rocky and gas—so there is no "gap" as seen between the size of Earth and of Neptune (with a radius 3.8 times as large). As many of these super-Earths are closer to their respective

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that contains 99.86% of the system's known mass and dominates it gravitationally. The Sun's four largest orbiting bodies, the giant planets, account for 99% of the remaining mass, with Jupiter and Saturn together comprising more than 90%. The remaining objects of the Solar System (including the four

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The composition of Mercury's exosphere, with its abundant H and He, clearly indicates a strong solar wind source. Once solar wind plasma and particles gain access to the magnetosphere, they predominantly precipitate to the surface, where solar wind species are neutralized, thermalized, and released

2779:, this boundary is roughly 80–100 AU from the Sun upwind of the interstellar medium and roughly 200 AU from the Sun downwind. Here the solar wind collides with the interstellar medium and dramatically slows, condenses and becomes more turbulent, forming a great oval structure known as the 1068:

With a few exceptions, the farther a planet or belt is from the Sun, the larger the distance between its orbit and the orbit of the next nearest object to the Sun. For example, Venus is approximately 0.33 AU farther out from the Sun than Mercury, whereas Saturn is 4.3 AU out from Jupiter,

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life combined. The Solar System will remain roughly as it is known today until the hydrogen in the core of the Sun has been entirely converted to helium, which will occur roughly 5 billion years from now. This will mark the end of the Sun's main-sequence life. At that time, the core of the Sun

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The expanding Sun is expected to vaporize Mercury as well as Venus, and render Earth uninhabitable (possibly destroying it as well). Eventually, the core will be hot enough for helium fusion; the Sun will burn helium for a fraction of the time it burned hydrogen in the core. The Sun is not massive

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icy compounds to remain solid. The ices that formed these planets were more plentiful than the metals and silicates that formed the terrestrial inner planets, allowing them to grow massive enough to capture large atmospheres of hydrogen and helium, the lightest and most abundant elements. Leftover

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Emery, J. P.; Wong, I.; Brunetto, R.; Cook, J. C.; Pinilla-Alonso, N.; Stansberry, J. A.; Holler, B. J.; Grundy, W. M.; Protopapa, S.; Souza-Feliciano, A. C.; Fernández-Valenzuela, E.; Lunine, J. I.; Hines, D. C. (2024). "A Tale of 3 Dwarf Planets: Ices and Organics on Sedna, Gonggong, and Quaoar

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Much of the Solar System is still unknown. Areas beyond thousands of AU away are still virtually unmapped and learning about this region of space is difficult. Study in this region depends upon inferences from those few objects whose orbits happen to be perturbed such that they fall closer to the

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The Kuiper belt is a great ring of debris similar to the asteroid belt, but consisting mainly of objects composed primarily of ice. It extends between 30 and 50 AU from the Sun. It is composed mainly of small Solar System bodies, although the largest few are probably large enough to be dwarf

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from the early Sun; those objects closer to the Sun, which are more affected by heat and light pressure, are composed of elements with high melting points. Objects farther from the Sun are composed largely of materials with lower melting points. The boundary in the Solar System beyond which those

2922:. When passing through the Solar System, comets produce a trail of meteoroids; it is hypothesized that this is caused either by vaporization of the comet's material or by simple breakup of dormant comets. When crossing an atmosphere, these meteoroids will produce bright streaks in the sky due to 11837: 9515:

Seidelmann, P. Kenneth; Archinal, Brent A.; A'Hearn, Michael F.; Conrad, Albert R.; Consolmagno, Guy J.; Hestroffer, Daniel; Hilton, James L.; Krasinsky, Georgij A.; Neumann, Gregory A.; Oberst, Jürgen; Stooke, Philip J.; Tedesco, Edward F.; Tholen, David J.; Thomas, Peter C.; Williams, Iwan P.

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One of the most striking features of Phobos, aside from its irregular shape, is its giant crater Stickney. Because Phobos is only 28 by 20 kilometers (17 by 12 mi), it must have been nearly shattered from the force of the impact that caused the giant crater. Grooves that extend across the

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orbit in this region. Due to their greater distance from the Sun, the solid objects in the outer Solar System contain a higher proportion of volatiles, such as water, ammonia, and methane than those of the inner Solar System because the lower temperatures allow these compounds to remain solid,

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The radius of the Sun is 0.0047 AU (700,000 km; 400,000 mi). Thus, the Sun occupies 0.00001% (1 part in 10) of the volume of a sphere with a radius the size of Earth's orbit, whereas Earth's volume is roughly 1 millionth (10) that of the Sun. Jupiter, the largest planet, is

1375:. Coronal mass ejections and similar events blow a magnetic field and huge quantities of material from the surface of the Sun. The interaction of this magnetic field and material with Earth's magnetic field funnels charged particles into Earth's upper atmosphere, where its interactions create 3336:, gravitational instabilities, and radiation that could disrupt the Solar System, but since Earth stays in the Local Spur and therefore does not pass frequently through spiral arms, this has given Earth long periods of stability for life to evolve. However, according to the controversial 1142:

Besides solar energy, the primary characteristic of the Solar System enabling the presence of life is the heliosphere and planetary magnetic fields (for those planets that have them). These magnetic fields partially shield the Solar System from high-energy interstellar particles called

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from this disc, in which dust and gas gravitationally attracted each other, coalescing to form ever larger bodies. Hundreds of protoplanets may have existed in the early Solar System, but they either merged or were destroyed or ejected, leaving the planets, dwarf planets, and leftover

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again into the exosphere. Moreover, bombardment of the surface by solar wind particles, especially energetic ions, contributes to ejection of neutral species from the surface into the exosphere (via "sputtering") as well as other chemical and physical surface modification processes.

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Kuiper belt (that is, a Kuiper belt object not in a confirmed resonance with Neptune). Makemake is the brightest object in the Kuiper belt after Pluto. Discovered in 2005, it was officially named in 2009. Its orbit is far more inclined than Pluto's, at 29°. It has one known moon,

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is a theorized spherical shell of up to a trillion icy objects that is thought to be the source for all long-period comets. No direct observation of the Oort cloud is possible with present imaging technology. It is theorized to surround the Solar System at roughly 50,000 AU

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in dark, unpolluted skies. It may be generated by collisions within the asteroid belt brought on by gravitational interactions with the planets; a more recent proposed origin is materials from planet Mars. The outer Solar System hosts a cosmic dust cloud. It extends from about

4350: 2310:(29.9–30.5 AU) is the furthest planet known in the Solar System. Its outer atmosphere has a slightly muted cyan color, with occasional storms on the surface that look like dark spots. Like Uranus, many atmospheric phenomena of Neptune are still unexplained, such as the 973:. Smaller icy objects such as comets frequently orbit at significantly greater angles to this plane. Most of the planets in the Solar System have secondary systems of their own, being orbited by natural satellites called moons. All of the largest natural satellites are in 2627:(38.3–97.5 AU) is the largest known scattered disc object and the most massive known dwarf planet. Eris's discovery contributed to a debate about the definition of a planet because it is 25% more massive than Pluto and about the same diameter. It has one known moon, 3951: 2808:

prevailing to the south, e.g. it is bluntly shaped with the northern hemisphere extending 9 AU farther than the southern hemisphere. The heliopause is considered the beginning of the interstellar medium. Beyond the heliopause, at around 230 AU, lies the

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Marchi, S.; Raponi, A.; Prettyman, T. H.; De Sanctis, M. C.; Castillo-Rogez, J.; Raymond, C. A.; Ammannito, E.; Bowling, T.; Ciarniello, M.; Kaplan, H.; Palomba, E.; Russell, C. T.; Vinogradoff, V.; Yamashita, N. (2018). "An aqueously altered carbon-rich Ceres".

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If the Sun–Neptune distance is scaled to 100 metres (330 ft), then the Sun would be about 3 cm (1.2 in) in diameter (roughly two-thirds the diameter of a golf ball), the giant planets would be all smaller than about 3 mm (0.12 in), and

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is Mars's outer moon. Like Phobos, it is irregularly shaped, with a mean radius of 6 km (4 mi) and its surface reflects little light. However, the surface of Deimos is noticeably smoother than Phobos because the regolith partially covers the impact

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Solid objects smaller than one meter are usually called meteoroids and micrometeoroids (grain-sized), with the exact division between the two categories being debated over the years. By 2017, the IAU designated any solid object having a diameter between

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Some objects in the Solar System have a very large orbit, and therefore are much less affected by the known giant planets than other minor planet populations. These bodies are called extreme trans-Neptunian objects, or ETNOs for short. Generally, ETNOs'

2524:(30.3–48.1 AU), is in the same 2:3 orbital resonance with Neptune as Pluto, and is the largest such object after Pluto itself. Its eccentricity and inclination are similar to Pluto's, but its perihelion lies about 120° from that of Pluto. Thus, the 11845: 8712:

Margot, Jean-Luc; Peale, Stanton J.; Solomon, Sean C.; Hauck, Steven A.; Ghigo, Frank D.; Jurgens, Raymond F.; Yseboodt, Marie; Giorgini, Jon D.; Padovan, Sebastiano; Campbell, Donald B. (2012). "Mercury's moment of inertia from spin and gravity data".

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The scattered disc, which overlaps the Kuiper belt but extends out to near 500 AU, is thought to be the source of short-period comets. Scattered-disc objects are believed to have been perturbed into erratic orbits by the gravitational influence of

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will contract with hydrogen fusion occurring along a shell surrounding the inert helium, and the energy output will be greater than at present. The outer layers of the Sun will expand to roughly 260 times its current diameter, and the Sun will become a

2813:: a plasma "wake" left by the Sun as it travels through the Milky Way. Large objects outside the heliopause remain gravitationally bound to the sun, but the flow of matter in the interstellar medium homogenizes the distribution of micro-scale objects. 3515:

had theorized this about comets in the 1st century. Careful observations of the 1769 transit of Venus allowed astronomers to calculate the average Earth–Sun distance as 93,726,900 miles (150,838,800 km), only 0.8% greater than the modern value.

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and send many comets into the inner Solar System, producing collisions with potentially catastrophic implications for life on Earth. In this scenario, the intense radiation of the Galactic Center could interfere with the development of complex life.

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The heliosheath has been theorized to look and behave very much like a comet's tail, extending outward for a further 40 AU on the upwind side but tailing many times that distance downwind to possibly several thousands of AU. Evidence from the

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Alves, João; Zucker, Catherine; Goodman, Alyssa A.; Speagle, Joshua S.; Meingast, Stefan; Robitaille, Thomas; Finkbeiner, Douglas P.; Schlafly, Edward F.; Green, Gregory M. (23 January 2020). "A Galactic-scale gas wave in the Solar Neighborhood".

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Buie, M. W.; Millis, R. L.; Wasserman, L. H.; Elliot, J. L.; Kern, S. D.; Clancy, K. B.; Chiang, E. I.; Jordan, A. B.; Meech, K. J.; Wagner, R. M.; Trilling, D. E. (2005). "Procedures, Resources and Selected Results of the Deep Ecliptic Survey".

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closer to the Sun by the outer planets, and are expected to become comets or get ejected out of the Solar System. While most centaurs are inactive and asteroid-like, some exhibit clear cometary activity, such as the first centaur discovered,

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Swaczyna, Paweł; Schwadron, Nathan A.; Möbius, Eberhard; Bzowski, Maciej; Frisch, Priscilla C.; Linsky, Jeffrey L.; McComas, David J.; Rahmanifard, Fatemeh; Redfield, Seth; Winslow, Réka M.; Wood, Brian E.; Zank, Gary P. (1 October 2022).

12847:; Van Dam, M.A.; Bouchez, A.H.; Le Mignant, D.; Campbell, R.D.; Chin, J.C.Y.; Conrad, A.; Hartman, S.K.; Johansson, E.M.; Lafon, R.E.; Rabinowitz, D.L. Rabinowitz; Stomski, P.J. Jr.; Summers, D.M.; Trujillo, C.A.; Wizinowich, P.L. (2006). 2579:(41.9–45.5 AU) is the second-largest known object in the classical Kuiper belt, after Makemake. Its orbit is significantly less eccentric and inclined than those of Makemake or Haumea. It possesses a ring system and one known moon, 14482:

Reisenfeld, Daniel B.; Bzowski, Maciej; Funsten, Herbert O.; Heerikhuisen, Jacob; Janzen, Paul H.; Kubiak, Marzena A.; McComas, David J.; Schwadron, Nathan A.; Sokół, Justyna M.; Zimorino, Alex; Zirnstein, Eric J. (1 June 2021).

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Short-period comets have orbits lasting less than two hundred years. Long-period comets have orbits lasting thousands of years. Short-period comets are thought to originate in the Kuiper belt, whereas long-period comets, such as

704:. This initial cloud was likely several light-years across and probably birthed several stars. As is typical of molecular clouds, this one consisted mostly of hydrogen, with some helium, and small amounts of heavier elements 1685:

is Mars's inner moon. It is a small, irregularly shaped object with a mean radius of 11 km (7 mi). Its surface is very unreflective and dominated by impact craters. In particular, Phobos's surface has a very large

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Snodgrass, Colin; Agarwal, Jessica; Combi, Michael; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Guilbert-Lepoutre, Aurelie; Hsieh, Henry H.; Hui, Man-To; Jehin, Emmanuel; Kelley, Michael S. P.; Knight, Matthew M.; Opitom, Cyrielle (November 2017).

1344:. This stream spreads outwards at speeds from 900,000 kilometres per hour (560,000 mph) to 2,880,000 kilometres per hour (1,790,000 mph), filling the vacuum between the bodies of the Solar System. The result is a 9344:; Grundy, Will; Sykes, Mark; Stern, Alan; Bell, James; Detelich, Charlene; Runyon, Kirby; Summers, Michael (2021), "Moons are planets: Scientific usefulness versus cultural teleology in the taxonomy of planetary science", 12605:

Stansberry, John; Grundy, Will; Brown, Mike; Cruikshank, Dale; Spencer, John; Trilling, David; Margot, Jean-Luc (2007). "Physical Properties of Kuiper Belt and Centaur Objects: Constraints from Spitzer Space Telescope".

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in diameter. Despite this, the total mass of the asteroid belt is unlikely to be more than a thousandth of that of Earth. The asteroid belt is very sparsely populated; spacecraft routinely pass through without incident.

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Sun, and even then, detecting these objects has often been possible only when they happened to become bright enough to register as comets. Many objects may yet be discovered in the Solar System's uncharted regions.

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resides) at a distance of 26,660 light-years, orbiting at roughly the same speed as that of the spiral arms. If it orbited close to the center, gravitational tugs from nearby stars could perturb bodies in the

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and metals, the objects of the inner Solar System are relatively close to the Sun; the radius of this entire region is less than the distance between the orbits of Jupiter and Saturn. This region is within the

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Watters, Thomas R.; Solomon, Sean C.; Robinson, Mark S.; Head, James W.; André, Sarah L.; Hauck, Steven A.; Murchie, Scott L. (August 2009). "The tectonics of Mercury: The view after MESSENGER's first flyby".

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Mejías, Andrea; Minniti, Dante; Alonso-García, Javier; Beamín, Juan Carlos; Saito, Roberto K.; Solano, Enrique (2022). "VVVX near-IR photometry for 99 low-mass stars in the Gaia EDR3 Catalog of Nearby Stars".

2631:. Like Pluto, its orbit is highly eccentric, with a perihelion of 38.2 AU (roughly Pluto's distance from the Sun) and an aphelion of 97.6 AU, and steeply inclined to the ecliptic plane at an angle of 44°. 5332:. Washington D.C.: Space Studies Board, Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration, National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, National Academies Press. 1990. pp. 21–33. 3063:

with respect to the galactic nucleus, the effective range of its gravitational influence, is thought to extend up to a thousand times farther and encompasses the hypothetical Oort cloud. It was calculated by

1542:. At the surface, the atmospheric pressure is ninety times as dense as on Earth's sea level. Venus is the hottest planet, with surface temperatures over 400 °C (752 °F), mainly due to the amount of 16306:

Mamajek, Eric E.; Barenfeld, Scott A.; Ivanov, Valentin D.; Kniazev, Alexei Y.; Väisänen, Petri; Beletsky, Yuri; Boffin, Henri M. J. (February 2015). "The Closest Known Flyby of a Star to the Solar System".

2165:, which orbit inside or close to Saturn's rings. A moonlet can only partially clear out dust in their orbit, while the ring shepherds are able to completely clear out dust, forming visible gaps in the rings. 2875:

orbits may originate outside the Solar System, but determining their precise orbits is difficult. Old comets whose volatiles have mostly been driven out by solar warming are often categorized as asteroids.

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is the largest to orbit in the opposite, retrograde manner. Most larger objects rotate around their own axes in the prograde direction relative to their orbit, though the rotation of Venus is retrograde.

1663:. Mars has an atmosphere composed mostly of carbon dioxide, with surface pressure 0.6% of that of Earth, which is sufficient to support some weather phenomena. Its surface is peppered with volcanoes and 801:

into different orbits. This led to dynamical instability of the entire system, which scattered the planetisimals and ultimately placed the gas giants in their current positions. During this period, the

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of Orcus's orbit is opposite to Pluto's: Orcus is at aphelion (most recently in 2019) around when Pluto is at perihelion (most recently in 1989) and vice versa. For this reason, it has been called the

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do not have a definite surface, as they are mainly composed of gases and liquids. Over 99.86% of the Solar System's mass is in the Sun and nearly 90% of the remaining mass is in Jupiter and Saturn.

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Some meteoroids formed via disintegration of comets and asteroids, while a few formed via impact debris ejected from planetary bodies. Most meteoroids are made of silicates and heavier metals like

2738:, who discovered the object in 2003, asserts that it cannot be part of the scattered disc or the Kuiper belt because its perihelion is too distant to have been affected by Neptune's migration. The 1317:

could be enriched with these atoms. The oldest stars contain few metals, whereas stars born later have more. This higher metallicity is thought to have been crucial to the Sun's development of a

984:, planets and most other objects orbit the Sun in the same direction that the Sun is rotating. That is, counter-clockwise, as viewed from above Earth's north pole. There are exceptions, such as 17876: 18122: 3801: 841:

The Sun's main-sequence phase, from beginning to end, will last about 10 billion years for the Sun compared to around two billion years for all other subsequent phases of the Sun's pre-

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caused it to rotate faster. The center, where most of the mass collected, became increasingly hotter than the surroundings. As the contracting nebula spun faster, it began to flatten into a

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are in a 3:2 resonance with Jupiter; that is, they go around the Sun three times for every two Jovian orbits. They lie in three linked clusters between Jupiter and the main asteroid belt.

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orbiting around its equator, which is composed of small ice and rock particles. Like Jupiter, it is mostly made of hydrogen and helium. At its north and south poles, Saturn has peculiar

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in the interstellar medium roughly 300 light-years across. The bubble is suffused with high-temperature plasma, suggesting that it may be the product of several recent supernovae.

1852:(2.55–2.98 AU) is the only dwarf planet in the asteroid belt. It is the largest object in the belt, with a diameter of 940 km (580 mi). Its surface contains a mixture of 10178:

Bolin, Bryce T.; Ahumada, T.; van Dokkum, P.; Fremling, C.; Granvik, M.; Hardegree-Ullmann, K. K.; Harikane, Y.; Purdum, J. N.; Serabyn, E.; Southworth, J.; Zhai, C. (November 2022).

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The giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) formed further out, beyond the frost line, the point between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter where material is cool enough for

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in 1747. At that time, Uranus, Neptune, nor the asteroid belts have been discovered yet. Orbits of planets are drawn to scale, but the orbits of moons and the size of bodies are not.

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Its speed around the center of the Milky Way is about 220 km/s, so that it completes one revolution every 240 million years. This revolution is known as the Solar System's

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Torres, S.; Cai, M. X.; Brown, A. G. A.; Portegies Zwart, S. (September 2019). "Galactic tide and local stellar perturbations on the Oort cloud: creation of interstellar comets".

22631: 4160:, abbreviated AU, is equal to 150,000,000 km; 93,000,000 mi. This is what the distance from the Earth to the Sun would be if the planet's orbit were perfectly circular. 2734:(76.2–937 AU) was the first extreme trans-Neptunian object to be discovered. It is a large, reddish object, and it takes ~11,400 years for Sedna to complete one orbit. 17823: 14413:

Kornbleuth, M.; Opher, M.; Baliukin, I.; Gkioulidou, M.; Richardson, J. D.; Zank, G. P.; Michael, A. T.; Tóth, G.; Tenishev, V.; Izmodenov, V.; Alexashov, D. (1 December 2021).

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Vorobyov, Eduard I. (March 2011). "Embedded Protostellar Disks Around (Sub-)Solar Stars. II. Disk Masses, Sizes, Densities, Temperatures, and the Planet Formation Perspective".

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Elements of Natural Philosophy ... To which are added. Some Thoughts concerning Reading and Study for a Gentleman. By the same author. With prefatory remarks by P. Des Maizeaux

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Durda, D .D.; Stern, S. A.; Colwell, W. B.; Parker, J. W.; Levison, H. F.; Hassler, D. M. (2004). "A New Observational Search for Vulcanoids in SOHO/LASCO Coronagraph Images".

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Hussmann, Hauke; Sohl, Frank; Spohn, Tilman (November 2006). "Subsurface oceans and deep interiors of medium-sized outer planet satellites and large trans-neptunian objects".

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and the strength of the Sun's magnetic field change on very long timescales, so the level of cosmic-ray penetration in the Solar System varies, though by how much is unknown.

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were of the same object, returning regularly once every 75–76 years. This was the first evidence that anything other than the planets repeatedly orbited the Sun, though

19916: 19490: 16650: 9124: 15974:"The Interface between the Outer Heliosphere and the Inner Local ISM: Morphology of the Local Interstellar Cloud, Its Hydrogen Hole, Strömgren Shells, and 60 Fe Accretion*" 11712: 7847: 7296: 20929: 6796: 2716:

ETNOs, with perihelia approximately between 40–45 and 50–60 AU, are less affected by Neptune than the scattered ETNOs, but are still relatively close to Neptune. The

15843:"The Interface between the Outer Heliosphere and the Inner Local ISM: Morphology of the Local Interstellar Cloud, Its Hydrogen Hole, Strömgren Shells, and 60Fe Accretion" 4061: 4007: 2057:(4.95–5.46 AU) is the biggest and most massive planet in the Solar System. On the surface, there are orange-brown and white cloud bands moving via the principles of 19886: 14391: 9294: 7441:

Langner, U. W.; Potgieter, M. S. (2005). "Effects of the position of the solar wind termination shock and the heliopause on the heliospheric modulation of cosmic rays".

4034: 3980: 3669: 4375:—Select "Ephemeris Type: Orbital Elements", "Time Span: 2000-01-01 12:00 to 2000-01-02". ("Target Body: Neptune Barycenter" and "Center: Solar System Barycenter (@0)".) 17735: 9225: 854:

enough to commence the fusion of heavier elements, and nuclear reactions in the core will dwindle. Its outer layers will be ejected into space, leaving behind a dense

2930:. If a stream of meteoroids enter the atmosphere on parallel trajectories, the meteors will seemingly 'radiate' from a point in the sky, hence the phenomenon's name: 19687: 15477: 10184: 4767:

Mumma, M. J.; Disanti, M. A.; Dello Russo, N.; et al. (2003). "Remote infrared observations of parent volatiles in comets: A window on the early solar system".

4705: 8110:

Lineweaver, Charles H. (9 March 2001). "An Estimate of the Age Distribution of Terrestrial Planets in the Universe: Quantifying Metallicity as a Selection Effect".

4199:

Lurie, John C.; Henry, Todd J.; Jao, Wei-Chun; et al. (2014). "The Solar neighborhood. XXXIV. A search for planets orbiting nearby M dwarfs using astrometry".

3786: 3557:

since the 1960s. By 1989, all eight planets have been visited by space probes. Probes have returned samples from comets and asteroids, as well as flown through the

2797:

spacecraft has suggested that it is forced into a bubble shape by the constraining action of the interstellar magnetic field, but the actual shape remains unknown.

1550:

by the solar wind, which suggests that its atmosphere is sustained by volcanic activity. Its surface displays extensive evidence of volcanic activity with stagnant

766:. As helium accumulates at its core, the Sun is growing brighter; early in its main-sequence life its brightness was 70% that of what it is today. The temperature, 1762:, asteroids between the orbit of Mercury and the Sun, have been discovered. As of 2024, one asteroid has been discovered to orbit completely within Venus's orbit, 16997: 11584: 3217: 23099: 13939:

Kiss, Csaba; Marton, Gábor; Farkas-Takács, Anikó; Stansberry, John; Müller, Thomas; Vinkó, József; Balog, Zoltán; Ortiz, Jose-Luis; Pál, András (16 March 2017).

7383: 3228:

of the Sun some ~70 thousands years ago, likely passing through the outer Oort cloud. There is a 1% chance every billion years that a star will pass within

4588: 2478:

with Neptune, meaning that Pluto orbits twice around the Sun for every three Neptunian orbits. Kuiper belt objects whose orbits share this resonance are called

18048:"Quiz - Is Pluto A Planet? - Who doesn't love Pluto? It shares a name with the Roman god of the underworld and a Disney dog. But is it a planet? - Interactive" 12722: 10304: 15724: 12473: 7419: 7099:

Emilio, Marcelo; Kuhn, Jeff R.; Bush, Rock I.; Scholl, Isabelle F. (2012). "Measuring the Solar Radius from Space during the 2003 and 2006 Mercury Transits".

850:. Because of its increased surface area, the surface of the Sun will be cooler (2,600 K (4,220 °F) at its coolest) than it is on the main sequence. 17853: 9696: 3100: 2608: 977:, with one face permanently turned toward their parent. The four giant planets have planetary rings, thin discs of tiny particles that orbit them in unison. 17230: 16782: 11132:

Vernazza, Pierre; Ferrais, Marin; Jorda, Laurent; Hanus, Josef; Carry, Benoit; Marsset, Michael; Brož, Miroslav; Fetick, Roman; HARISSA team (6 July 2022).

10936:

Vernazza, Pierre; Ferrais, Marin; Jorda, Laurent; Hanus, Josef; Carry, Benoit; Marsset, Michael; Brož, Miroslav; Fetick, Roman; HARISSA team (6 July 2022).

4644:

Chiang, E. I.; Jordan, A. B.; Millis, R. L.; et al. (2003). "Resonance Occupation in the Kuiper Belt: Case Examples of the 5:2 and Trojan Resonances".

2542:(34.6–51.6 AU) was discovered in 2005. It is in a temporary 7:12 orbital resonance with Neptune. Haumea possesses a ring system, two known moons named 1313:. Elements heavier than hydrogen and helium were formed in the cores of ancient and exploding stars, so the first generation of stars had to die before the 17408: 8352: 10543: 5365:

Boss, A. P.; Durisen, R. H. (2005). "Chondrule-forming Shock Fronts in the Solar Nebula: A Possible Unified Scenario for Planet and Chondrite Formation".

4813: 928:

The Sun is composed of roughly 98% hydrogen and helium, as are Jupiter and Saturn. A composition gradient exists in the Solar System, created by heat and

13381: 10751:

Ermakov, A. I.; Fu, R. R.; Castillo-Rogez, J. C.; Raymond, C. A.; Park, R. S.; Preusker, F.; Russell, C. T.; Smith, D. E.; Zuber, M. T. (November 2017).

3534:

was identified as a planet some years later, in 1846, thanks to its gravitational pull causing a slight but detectable variation in the orbit of Uranus.

3530:, an apparent shift in the position of a star created by Earth's motion around the Sun, providing the first direct, experimental proof of heliocentrism. 10914: 20942: 14590: 8899: 8686: 8451:(2020). "The Inner Solar System's Habitability Through Time". In Meadows, Victoria S.; Arney, Giada N.; Schmidt, Britney; Des Marais, David J. (eds.). 1524:

plains similar to the Moon. It is likely that Mercury has a silicate crust and a large iron core. Mercury has a very tenuous atmosphere, consisting of

17128:

Athreya, A.; Gingerich, O. (December 1996). "An Analysis of Kepler's Rudolphine Tables and Implications for the Reception of His Physical Astronomy".

9818: 5260:

estimates of disk radii in the Taurus and Ophiuchus star forming regions lie in a wide range between 50 AU and 1000 AU, with a median value of 200 AU.

1158:

of the Solar System is conventionally located in the inner Solar System, where planetary surface or atmospheric temperatures admit the possibility of

20810: 16368: 15412: 11561: 6012: 5951: 5881: 5343: 4948: 4903: 2971: 2249:

is >90°. This gives the planet extreme seasonal variation as each pole points toward and then away from the Sun. Uranus's outer layer has a muted

12549: 9767: 7479: 743:

Due to their higher boiling points, only metals and silicates could exist in solid form in the warm inner Solar System close to the Sun (within the

20922: 19923: 13196: 9685: 8267: 5918: 3664: 3522:, having occasionally been observed since 1690 and possibly from antiquity, was recognized to be a planet orbiting beyond Saturn by 1783. In 1838, 2100:. They orbit substantially closer to Jupiter than other satellites. Materials from these natural satellites are the source of Jupiter's faint ring. 1186:

Compared to many extrasolar systems, the Solar System stands out in lacking planets interior to the orbit of Mercury. The known Solar System lacks

911: 14768: 12924:

Chiang, E.I.; Jordan, A.B.; Millis, R.L.; Buie, M.W.; Wasserman, L.H.; Elliot, J.L.; Kern, S.D.; Trilling, D.E.; Meech, K.J.; et al. (2003).

10594: 8425: 5176: 20817: 17516: 15587:

Pfalzner, Susanne; Govind, Amith; Zwart, Simon Portegies (September 2024). "Trajectory of the stellar flyby that shaped the outer Solar System".

15330: 14361: 10850: 4742: 2637:(33.8–101.2 AU) is a dwarf planet in a comparable orbit to Eris, except that it is in a 3:10 resonance with Neptune. It has one known moon, 2366:, which has been classified as a comet (95P) because it develops a coma just as comets do when they approach the Sun. The largest known centaur, 14826: 12272: 11147: 10951: 1919:. Not much is known about Pallas because it has never been visited by a spacecraft, though its surface is predicted to be composed of silicates. 15514: 15449: 14950: 13262: 11936:

Sremčević, Miodrag; Schmidt, Jürgen; Salo, Heikki; Seiß, Martin; Spahn, Frank; Albers, Nicole (2007). "A belt of moonlets in Saturn's A ring".

10693: 9398: 8236: 4087:, specifies capitalizing the names of all individual astronomical objects but uses mixed "Solar System" and "solar system" structures in their 2911:

and 1 meter as meteoroids, and depreciated the micrometeoroid categorization, instead terms smaller particles simply as 'dust particles'.

2382:", with the doughnut-shaped Kuiper belt, home of Pluto and several other dwarf planets, and an overlapping disc of scattered objects, which is 9840: 7357: 6450: 3476: 22828: 19475: 12784: 8960: 7163: 3353: 2558:

of Kuiper belt objects that share similar orbits, which suggests a giant impact on Haumea ejected fragments into space billions of years ago.

1069:

and Neptune lies 10.5 AU out from Uranus. Attempts have been made to determine a relationship between these orbital distances, like the

16818: 15245: 15024: 10420: 9935: 9650: 6637: 6562:

Levison, Harold F.; Duncan, Martin J. (1997). "From the Kuiper Belt to Jupiter-Family Comets: The Spatial Distribution of Ecliptic Comets".

6412: 11868: 10621: 9159: 7991: 7641: 6276: 2229:

Irregular satellites, consisting of substantially smaller natural satellites. They have more distant orbits than the objects listed above.

1788:

are those with perhihelia above 1.3 AU which cross the orbit of Mars. As of 2024, NASA lists 26,182 confirmed Mars-crossing asteroids,

16184:

McKee, Christopher F.; Parravano, Antonio; Hollenbach, David J. (November 2015). "Stars, Gas, and Dark Matter in the Solar Neighborhood".

9255: 8534: 6059: 20939: 20915: 19620: 17356: 14688: 14489: 8925: 7544: 3155:, although it is not clear if it is embedded in the Local Interstellar Cloud or if it lies just outside the cloud's edge. Multiple other 1088:

attempt to convey the relative scales involved in the Solar System in human terms. Some are small in scale (and may be mechanical—called

981: 678: 453: 18208: 17256:. Transits of Venus: New Views of the Solar System and Galaxy, Proceedings of IAU Colloquium #196, held 7–11 June 2004 in Preston, U.K. 14236: 10884: 10276:

Morbidelli, A.; Bottke, W.F.; Froeschlé, Ch.; Michel, P. (January 2002). W.F. Bottke Jr.; A. Cellino; P. Paolicchi; R.P. Binzel (eds.).

9634:

Gatling, David C.; Leovy, Conway (2007). "Mars Atmosphere: History and Surface Interactions". In Lucy-Ann McFadden; et al. (eds.).

9485: 1274:

and that of the coolest stars. Stars brighter and hotter than the Sun are rare, whereas substantially dimmer and cooler stars, known as

1012:, which causes the body's distance from the Sun to vary over the course of its year. A body's closest approach to the Sun is called its 20151: 17200: 13594: 10221: 9462: 6509:; Morbidelli, A. (27 November 2003). "The formation of the Kuiper belt by the outward transport of bodies during Neptune's migration". 2602:

The orbital eccentricities and inclinations of the scattered disc population compared to the classical and resonant Kuiper belt objects

2470:(29.7–49.3 AU) is the largest known object in the Kuiper belt. Pluto has a relatively eccentric orbit, inclined 17 degrees to the 1137: 18441: 17815: 13818: 13322: 11477: 9961: 6184: 3405:. Using a heliocentric model that improved upon Copernicus by allowing orbits to be elliptical, and the precise observational data of 2126:

Irregular satellites, consisting of substantially smaller natural satellites. They have more distant orbits than objects listed above.

1758:

within the orbit of Mercury. At least 362 are known to date, and include the closest objects to the Sun known in the Solar System. No

762:

Within 50 million years, the pressure and density of hydrogen in the center of the protostar became great enough for it to begin

19386: 17784: 14790: 3491: 1052:

To-scale diagram of distance between planets, with the white bar showing orbital variations. The size of the planets is not to scale.

11245: 10125:

Steffl, A. J.; Cunningham, N. J.; Shinn, A. B.; Stern, S. A. (2013). "A Search for Vulcanoids with the STEREO Heliospheric Imager".

18217:

If the Moon were only 1 Pixel: A Tediously Accurate Map of the Solar System (web based scroll map scaled to the Moon being 1 pixel)

16887: 16603: 13564: 13351: 12242: 9135: 3485: 16958: 12976: 12899: 12375:

Sheppard, S. S.; Jewitt, D.; Kleyna, J. (2005). "An Ultradeep Survey for Irregular Satellites of Uranus: Limits to Completeness".

11914: 9910: 7327: 7222: 5474: 2268:

Inner satellites, which orbit inside Uranus's ring system. They are very close to each other, which suggest that their orbits are

20529: 17962: 13898:

Dumas, C.; Merlin, F.; Barucci, M. A.; de Bergh, C.; Hainault, O.; Guilbert, A.; Vernazza, P.; Doressoundiram, A. (August 2007).

7851: 4875: 2046:. Icy substances comprise the majority of the satellites of the giant planets and small objects that lie beyond Neptune's orbit. 894:. Since the discovery of the Kuiper belt, the outermost parts of the Solar System are considered a distinct region consisting of 18019: 5604:

Shaviv, Nir J. (2003). "Towards a Solution to the Early Faint Sun Paradox: A Lower Cosmic Ray Flux from a Stronger Solar Wind".

5044: 1061:

from the Sun and has a radius of 71,000 km (0.00047 AU; 44,000 mi), whereas the most distant planet, Neptune, is

19541: 19186: 19171: 19151: 18463: 18410: 17666: 13455: 10988: 5499:

Yi, Sukyoung; Demarque, Pierre; Kim, Yong-Cheol; et al. (2001). "Toward Better Age Estimates for Stellar Populations: The

4268: 3092: 1751: 18459: 18444: 14383: 14176: 13788: 13754: 11375:

Christou, Apostolos A.; Wiegert, Paul (January 2012). "A population of main belt asteroids co-orbiting with Ceres and Vesta".

10333: 10254: 1954:

population is roughly equal to that of the asteroid belt. After Jupiter, Neptune possesses the most confirmed trojans, at 28.

22988: 22663: 19485: 19218: 19181: 19176: 18453: 18002: 17761: 17448: 17092: 17065: 16636: 15763: 13485: 13414: 13308: 12074: 11671: 9437: 9104: 9095: 8308: 8186: 7937: 7522: 6843: 6612: 6487: 6363: 5438: 4409: 4358: 2370:, has a diameter of about 250 km (160 mi) and is one of the only few minor planets known to possess a ring system. 1833:

Below are the descriptions of the three largest bodies in the asteroid belt. They are all considered to be relatively intact

17454: 14885:

Jorgensen, J. L.; Benn, M.; Connerney, J. E. P.; Denver, T.; Jorgensen, P. S.; Andersen, A. C.; Bolton, S. J. (March 2021).

14148: 13089: 12575: 12100: 12037: 11222:

Barucci, M. A.; Kruikshank, D. P.; Mottola, S.; Lazzarin, M. (2002). "Physical Properties of Trojan and Centaur Asteroids".

9876: 9217: 9045: 8829: 7528: 4555: 4525: 1270:. Hotter main-sequence stars are more luminous but shorter lived. The Sun's temperature is intermediate between that of the 19911: 19848: 19502: 19223: 19161: 19156: 18452: 17727: 14415:"The Development of a Split-tail Heliosphere and the Role of Non-ideal Processes: A Comparison of the BU and Moscow Models" 13734:

Gomes, R. S.; Fernández, J. A.; Gallardo, T.; Brunini, A. (2008). "The Scattered Disk: Origins, Dynamics, and End States".

12495:

Soderblom, L. A.; Kieffer, S. W.; Becker, T. L.; Brown, R. H.; Cook, A. F. II; Hansen, C. J.; Johnson, T. V.; Kirk, R. L.;

3679: 3117:

and surrounding stars. As of 2022, the precise location of the Solar System in the clouds is an open question in astronomy.

2387: 1001: 22938: 18450: 18447: 18443: 18439: 9582: 6389: 4110: 22993: 20065: 19166: 18242: 8603: 7961: 6749: 3946:{\displaystyle \cos \psi =\cos(\beta _{g})\cos(\beta _{e})\cos(\alpha _{g}-\alpha _{e})+\sin(\beta _{g})\sin(\beta _{e})} 3378:

of the universe and categorically different from the divine or ethereal objects that moved through the sky. Although the

3036: 2989: 1730:, refractory rocky and metallic minerals, with some ice. They range from a few meters to hundreds of kilometers in size. 1025: 700:

The Solar System formed at least 4.568 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a region within a large

20955: 18457: 18449: 22638: 21957: 18446: 17595: 17402: 16991: 16429: 14326:"Model of the solar wind interaction with the local interstellar medium: Numerical solution of self-consistent problem" 13748: 12764: 11706: 9809:"Why the 'Super Weird' Moons of Mars Fascinate Scientists - What's the big deal about little Phobos and tinier Deimos?" 9612: 9288: 8478: 6980: 5337: 4327: 3274:

containing more than 100 billion stars. The Sun is part of one of the Milky Way's outer spiral arms, known as the

1504:(0.31–0.59 AU from the Sun) is the smallest planet in the Solar System. Its surface is grayish, with an expansive 18464: 18460: 14862:

Meteors in the Earth's Atmosphere: Meteoroids and Cosmic Dust and Their Interactions with the Earth's Upper Atmosphere

12148: 11018: 7387: 6672: 4091: 19314: 19287: 18455: 16309: 15786: 15055: 14869: 13949: 11883: 11595: 10722: 10356: 7739: 7028: 6892: 6782: 5792: 4596: 2344: 12714: 10277: 10180:"The discovery and characterization of (594913) 'Ayló'chaxnim, a kilometre sized asteroid inside the orbit of Venus" 1380: 20648: 19702: 18465: 18139: 17302: 15714: 12465: 10753:"Constraints on Ceres' Internal Structure and Evolution From Its Shape and Gravity Measured by the Dawn Spacecraft" 10565:

McCord, Thomas B.; McFadden, Lucy A.; Russell, Christopher T.; Sotin, Christophe; Thomas, Peter C. (7 March 2006).

7411: 5505: 4495: 4439: 4127: 4080: 3756:

million years, and is thought to be the date of the formation of the first solid material in the collapsing nebula.

3535: 3202: 716: 18260: 17845: 17222: 15267:

Batygin, Konstantin; Adams, Fred C.; Brown, Michael E.; Becker, Juliette C. (2019). "The Planet Nine Hypothesis".

13507:

Noviello, Jessica L.; Desch, Stephen J.; Neveu, Marc; Proudfoot, Benjamin C. N.; Sonnett, Sarah (September 2022).

10047: 9693: 8774:

Domingue, Deborah L.; Koehn, Patrick L.; et al. (2009). "Mercury's Atmosphere: A Surface-Bounded Exosphere".

3401:

Heliocentrism did not triumph immediately over geocentrism, but the work of Copernicus had its champions, notably

3362:

The motion of 'lights' moving across the sky is the basis of the classical definition of planets: wandering stars.

2709: 2353:

are greater than Jupiter's and less than Neptune's (between 5.5 and 30 AU). These are former Kuiper belt and

2207:(trojans of Dione). These small moons share their orbits with Tethys and Dione, leading or trailing behind either. 751:

materials only comprised a small fraction of the solar nebula, the terrestrial planets could not grow very large.

22350: 20466: 18328: 18166: 17021: 16911:"The Alvarez Impact Theory of Mass Extinction; Limits to its Applicability and the "Great Expectations Syndrome"" 16549:

Kaib, Nathan A.; Quinn, Thomas (September 2008). "The formation of the Oort cloud in open cluster environments".

11734:

Anderson, J.D.; Johnson, T.V.; Shubert, G.; et al. (2005). "Amalthea's Density Is Less Than That of Water".

11169: 8380: 6882: 5606: 5014: 4156:

The scale of the Solar System is sufficiently large that astronomers use a custom unit to express distances. The

4130:'s Minor Planet Center has yet to officially list Orcus, Quaoar, Gonggong, and Sedna as dwarf planets as of 2024. 2437: 822:

orbits around the Sun. Although the Solar System has been fairly stable for billions of years, it is technically

19230: 14887:"Distribution of Interplanetary Dust Detected by the Juno Spacecraft and Its Contribution to the Zodiacal Light" 8344: 8322: 1763: 1174: 759:

debris that never became planets congregated in regions such as the asteroid belt, Kuiper belt, and Oort cloud.

22643: 22280: 22264: 21299: 20144: 19881: 19297: 19131: 14612:

Sekanina, Zdeněk (2001). "Kreutz sungrazers: the ultimate case of cometary fragmentation and disintegration?".

11785:

Burns, J. A.; Showalter, M. R.; Hamilton, D. P.; et al. (1999). "The Formation of Jupiter's Faint Rings".

10535: 4465: 3121:

Within 10 light-years of the Sun there are relatively few stars, the closest being the triple star system

3105: 3029: 2794: 2651: 2350: 1976: 1872:. Ceres has a very thin water vapor atmosphere, but practically speaking it is indistinguishable from a vacuum. 1462: 989: 748: 257: 15215: 15152:

Stern SA, Weissman PR (2001). "Rapid collisional evolution of comets during the formation of the Oort cloud".

13377: 12747:

Tegler, Stephen C. (2007). "Kuiper Belt Objects: Physical Studies". In Lucy-Ann McFadden; et al. (eds.).

11531: 4821: 3193:, before dissolving into co-moving associations. A prominent grouping that is visible to the naked eye is the 2898: 1623:

is Earth's only natural satellite. Its diameter is one-quarter the size of Earth's. Its surface is covered in

969:

The planets and other large objects in orbit around the Sun lie near the plane of Earth's orbit, known as the

22908: 22690: 22557: 20752: 19406: 19302: 12500: 10906: 5330:

Strategy for the Detection and Study of Other Planetary Systems and Extrasolar Planetary Materials: 1990–2000

5168: 3674: 1950:, 60° behind in its orbit. Every planet except Mercury and Saturn is known to possess at least 1 trojan. The 1838: 827: 20: 19819: 18362: 14582: 8852: 8690: 6916:

Lecar, Myron; Franklin, Fred A.; Holman, Matthew J.; Murray, Norman J. (2001). "Chaos in the Solar System".

3340:, the changing position of the Solar System relative to other parts of the Milky Way could explain periodic 3216:

Stellar flybys that pass within 0.8 light-years of the Sun occur roughly once every 100,000 years. The

22983: 22814: 22673: 22624: 22599: 21892: 20418: 19906: 19461: 19441: 19336: 14556: 9808: 7011:

Marochnik, L.; Mukhin, L. (1995). "Is Solar System Evolution Cometary Dominated?". In Shostak, G.S. (ed.).

3539: 3480:

of 1687, demonstrated that celestial bodies are not quintessentially different from Earthly ones: the same

3329: 2433: 1779: 1209:

and partly with long interactions of a quite high number of planets, the exact causes remain undetermined.

1155: 907: 19824: 18462: 18047: 15473:"Twisted extreme trans-Neptunian orbital parameter space: statistically significant asymmetries confirmed" 13197:"Autoresonant (nonstationary) excitation of pendulums, Plutinos, plasmas, and other nonlinear oscillators" 11553: 1387:, a spiral form created by the actions of the Sun's rotating magnetic field on the interplanetary medium. 1235:), which comprises 99.86% of all the mass in the Solar System, produces temperatures and densities in its 1201:

The orbits of Solar System planets are nearly circular. Compared to many other systems, they have smaller

774:

was achieved: the thermal pressure counterbalancing the force of gravity. At this point, the Sun became a

22614: 22594: 19981: 19507: 19436: 19401: 18440: 18434: 18216: 17297: 15628: 14649: 14184: 13204: 12639:

Braga-Ribas, F.; et al. (April 2014). "A ring system detected around the Centaur (10199) Chariklo".

9775: 4405: 4140: 3684: 3553:

In the 20th century, humans began their space exploration around the Solar System, starting with placing

2295:. Most of them have a roughly equal amounts rock and ice, except Miranda, which is made primarily of ice. 1569: 46: 21977: 19421: 18075: 13229: 9923:

It thus appears smoother than Phobos because its craters lie partially buried under this loose material.

9679: 8259: 7489: 5876: 2724:

objects, with perihelia beyond 50–60 AU, are too far from Neptune to be strongly influenced by it.

2614:

Currently, there is strong consensus among astronomers that two of the bodies in the scattered disc are

23089: 23006: 22678: 22609: 22579: 20895: 20803: 20585: 20377: 19896: 19697: 19580: 19563: 19529: 18461: 18403: 14732: 11663: 11195:

Feierberg, M. A.; Larson, H. P.; Lebofsky, L. A. (1982). "The 3 Micron Spectrum of Asteroid 2 Pallas".

10566: 8417: 7925: 7443: 3659: 3481: 3258:

Diagram of the Milky Way, with galactic features and the relative position of the Solar System labeled.

3206: 3096: 2188:. They are all composed mostly of water ice and are believed to have differentiated internal structure. 1384: 18190: 16727:

Abuter, R.; Amorim, A.; Bauböck, M.; Berger, J. P.; Bonnet, H.; Brandner, W.; et al. (May 2019).

15380: 14261:"Future Exploration of the Outer Heliosphere and Very Local Interstellar Medium by Interstellar Probe" 10839: 4700: 4294: 3507:

used it to refer to the Sun, planets, and comets. In 1705, Halley realized that repeated sightings of

2314:'s abnormally high temperature or the strong tilt (47°) of its magnetosphere. As of 2024, Neptune has 1004:

describe the orbits of objects around the Sun. These laws stipulate that each object travels along an

806:

suggests that a final inward migration of Jupiter dispersed much of the asteroid belt, leading to the

22685: 22562: 22539: 22121: 21570: 21565: 21560: 21555: 21550: 21545: 21025: 20999: 20824: 20641: 20606: 20599: 20446: 20137: 19739: 19714: 19524: 18158: 17477: 17325: 16674: 16459: 16186: 15978: 15847: 14419: 14080: 13622: 12856: 12783:

Grundy, W. M.; Noll, K. S.; Buie, M. W.; Benecchi, S. D.; Ragozzine, D.; Roe, H. G. (December 2018).

12268: 11133: 11081:

Schenk, P.; et al. (2012). "The Geologically Recent Giant Impact Basins at Vesta's South Pole".

10937: 10361: 9402: 8968:

Johnson Space Center Houston, TX, Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM

8073: 7879: 7794: 7571: 7101: 7046: 6479: 6473: 6212: 5367: 4551: 4521: 4491: 4100: 4084: 2938: 2889: 2844: 2509: 1723: 1672: 1409: 1271: 1263: 1252: 1182:

for different stellar temperatures, with a sample of known exoplanets plus the Earth, Mars, and Venus

1105: 934: 917: 744: 607: 485: 320: 313: 18458: 17254:

Jeremiah Horrocks, William Crabtree, and the Lancashire observations of the transit of Venus of 1639

16842:"The evidence for and against astronomical impacts on climate change and mass extinctions: a review" 16364:"Future trajectories of the Solar System: dynamical simulations of stellar encounters within 100 au" 15472: 15407: 14942: 14834: 13254: 10644: 10480:"The Statistical Asteroid Model. I. The Main-Belt Population for Diameters Greater than 1 Kilometer" 9850: 8735: 8631: 8144: 7737:

Volk, Kathryn; Gladman, Brett (2015). "Consolidating and Crushing Exoplanets: Did it happen here?".

5877:"Future trajectories of the Solar System: dynamical simulations of stellar encounters within 100 au" 4789: 2708:

of more than 0.85. As with the regular scattered disc objects, they were likely formed as result of

1882:(2.13–3.41 AU) is the second-largest object in the asteroid belt. Its fragments survive as the 858:, half the original mass of the Sun but only the size of Earth. The ejected outer layers may form a 22914: 22876: 21828: 21702: 21337: 20847: 20613: 20030: 19635: 14981: 14973: 13004: 12933: 12756: 11042:"Mineralogical records of early planetary processes on the HED parent body with reference to Vesta" 8228: 7361: 7155: 6442: 5119:(2010). "The age of the Solar System redefined by the oldest Pb–Pb age of a meteoritic inclusion". 4646: 3395: 3294: 3182:), each of which are some thousands of light-years in length. All these structures are part of the 3152: 3110: 2690: 2669: 2358: 2066: 1635:, are formed from past volcanic activity. The Moon's atmosphere is extremely thin, consisting of a 1262:

Because the Sun fuses hydrogen at its core, it is a main-sequence star. More specifically, it is a

1239:

high enough to sustain nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium. This releases an enormous amount of

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Duncan, Martin J.; Lissauer, Jack J. (1997). "Orbital Stability of the Uranian Satellite System".

11623:

Podolak, M.; Weizman, A.; Marley, M. (December 1995). "Comparative models of Uranus and Neptune".

8971: 2386:

of the Solar System and reaches much further out than the Kuiper belt. The entire region is still

2226:. In particular, Titan is the only satellite in the Solar System to have a substantial atmosphere. 1231:

The Sun is the Solar System's star and by far its most massive component. Its large mass (332,900

747:). They would eventually form the rocky planets of Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. Because these 22604: 22355: 22154: 22064: 22024: 22006: 21932: 21503: 21429: 20708: 20494: 20353: 20332: 20291: 20255: 20223: 19719: 19546: 19193: 19097: 19010: 18710: 18560: 18451: 18442: 17330: 15049:

Bernardinelli, Pedro H.; Bernstein, Gary M.; Montet, Benjamin T.; et al. (1 November 2021).

13844: 13289: 11469: 10453: 10392:

C. A. Angeli - D. Lazzaro (2002). "Spectral properties of Mars-crossers and near-Earth objects".

9939: 9658: 9429: 6833: 6416: 4039: 3985: 3313: 3194: 2848: 2634: 2450:, (and has since been named Albion); they are still in near primordial, low-eccentricity orbits. 2404: 2147: 2058: 2031: 1929: 1865: 1785: 1769: 771: 755: 737: 618:(just outside Neptune's orbit). Six planets, seven dwarf planets, and other bodies have orbiting 587: 575: 465: 241: 17937: 15237: 11889: 10617: 9163: 8290: 7983: 7929: 7625: 6603:; Schneider, Nicholas; Voit, Mark (2020). "4.5 Orbits, Tides, and the Acceleration of Gravity". 6287: 6249:

Morbidelli, Alessandro (2005). "Origin and dynamical evolution of comets and their reservoirs".

4012: 3958: 2598: 2453:

Currently, there is strong consensus among astronomers that five members of the Kuiper belt are

782:

and swept away the remaining gas and dust from the protoplanetary disc into interstellar space.

23094: 22765: 22745: 22517: 22512: 22410: 22305: 22254: 22059: 22049: 21722: 21520: 21488: 21379: 21362: 20959: 20761: 20634: 20627: 20550: 20344: 19724: 19662: 19610: 19600: 19585: 19536: 19396: 19326: 18748: 18436: 12496: 9518:"Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on cartographic coordinates and rotational elements: 2006" 9247: 8853:"The deep atmosphere of Venus and the possible role of density-driven separation of CO2 and N2" 8730: 8626: 8498: 8139: 6051: 4784: 3603: 3366:

Humanity's knowledge of the Solar System has grown incrementally over the centuries. Up to the

3210: 3043:). Lower estimates for the radius of the Oort cloud, by contrast, do not place it farther than 2981: 2963: 2776: 2693:

orbits the Sun once every ~32,000 years, with a distance of 65–2000 AU from the Sun.

2379: 1967: 1714: 1656: 1651:(1.38–1.67 AU) has a radius about half of that of Earth. Most of the planet is red due to 895: 807: 642: 599: 481: 359: 308: 19645: 18456: 18448: 18445: 17057: 16419: 15755: 12147:

Forget, F.; Bertrand, T.; Vangvichith, M.; Leconte, J.; Millour, E.; Lellouch, E. (May 2017).

11696: 11267:

Connors, Martin; Wiegert, Paul; Veillet, Christian (27 July 2011). "Earth's Trojan asteroid".

9187:"Seeing Forests for the Trees and the Carbon: Mapping the World's Forests in Three Dimensions" 8934: 7541: 6970: 4063:= 18h 0m 00s are those for the north pole of the ecliptic. (Both pairs of coordinates are for 4009:= 12h 51m 26.282s are the declination and right ascension of the north galactic pole, whereas 3458:

observed a transit of Mercury across the Sun, leading him to realize that observations of the

2525: 818:

The Solar System remains in a relatively stable, slowly evolving state by following isolated,

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Space Physics: An introduction to plasmas and particles in the heliosphere and magnetospheres

5325: 5272:

Greaves, Jane S. (7 January 2005). "Disks Around Stars and the Growth of Planetary Systems".

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in 1639. This provided a strong vindication of heliocentrism and Kepler's elliptical orbits.

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material, has a denser composition than Ceres's. Its surface is marked by two giant craters:

1869: 1613: 1547: 1364: 1349: 1267: 819: 803: 767: 441: 21737: 19759: 18202: 17585: 17382: 17045: 16754: 15747: 15683: 14748: 14662: 14228: 14197: 13915: 13027: 12748: 12222: 11636: 11519: 11057: 10876: 10838:

Raymond, C.; Castillo-Rogez, J. C.; Park, R. S.; Ermakov, A.; et al. (September 2018).

10179: 10069:

List of asteroids with q<0.3075 AU generated by the JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine

10019: 9454: 9134: 8570: 8037: 7892: 7297:"Is it a coincidence that most of the planets fall within the Titius-Bode law's boundaries?" 7044:

Bi, S. L.; Li, T. D.; Li, L. H.; Yang, W. M. (2011). "Solar Models with Revised Abundance".

6939: 6225: 2459:. Many dwarf planet candidates are being considered, pending further data for verification. 1104:

as its substitute Sun, and, following the scale, Jupiter is a 7.5-meter (25-foot) sphere at

22760: 22658: 22648: 22497: 22465: 22259: 22054: 22039: 21352: 20723: 20655: 20473: 20411: 20202: 20179: 20172: 19652: 19605: 19262: 18720: 18685: 18680: 18574: 18525: 18498: 18454: 18433: 18154: 17697: 17634: 17550: 17390: 17261: 17168: 17156: 17137: 17026: 16863: 16750: 16693: 16568: 16531: 16478: 16387: 16328: 16264: 16205: 16142: 16070: 15997: 15927: 15866: 15805: 15679: 15602: 15559: 15496: 15431: 15347: 15288: 15161: 15074: 15000: 14898: 14744: 14697: 14658: 14621: 14614:

Publications of the Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

14498: 14438: 14337: 14272: 14193: 14177:"A 5-fluid hydrodynamic approach to model the Solar System-interstellar medium interaction" 14099: 14034: 13968: 13911: 13856: 13810: 13692: 13641: 13590: 13520: 13293: 13213: 13169: 13134: 13073: 13023: 12952: 12875: 12806: 12660: 12621: 12517: 12439: 12394: 12349: 12306: 12230: 12218: 12163: 12005: 11947: 11794: 11743: 11632: 11515: 11441: 11394: 11347: 11278: 11204: 11090: 11053: 10764: 10659: 10578: 10491: 10437: 10288: 10203: 10144: 10099: 10015: 9969: 9744: 9732: 9529: 9365: 9009: 8867: 8783: 8722: 8618: 8566: 8466: 8389: 8131: 8082: 8033: 7888: 7813: 7792:

Goldreich, Peter; Lithwick, Yoram; Sari, Re'em (2004). "Final Stages of Planet Formation".

7758: 7693: 7633: 7590: 7452: 7198: 7120: 7065: 7016: 6935: 6709: 6573: 6520: 6333: 6315: 6221: 6180: 6104: 5970: 5900: 5829: 5772: 5717: 5670: 5661: 5625: 5570: 5524: 5466: 5386: 5283: 5243: 5206: 5128: 5079: 4967: 4859: 4776: 4724: 4665: 4218: 3771: 3596: 3566: 3383: 3275: 3267: 3197:, which is around 80 light-years away within the Local Bubble. The nearest star cluster is 2805: 2789: 2731: 2705: 2521: 1847: 1814: 1206: 1202: 1092:)—whereas others extend across cities or regional areas. The largest such scale model, the 974: 583: 555: 551: 469: 251: 216: 211: 84: 21195: 18437: 18435: 17792: 16729:"A geometric distance measurement to the Galactic center black hole with 0.3% uncertainty" 6083:"The mysterious age invariance of the planetary nebula luminosity function bright cut-off" 4619: 3140:, orbits the pair at a distance of 0.2 light-years. In 2016, a potentially habitable 2412:

and other asteroid populations. J, S, U and N denotes Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

1829:. Only Ceres and Vesta have been visited by a spacecraft and thus have a detailed picture. 8: 23020: 22962: 22956: 22926: 22220: 22203: 21874: 21776: 21599: 20854: 20796: 20592: 20543: 20439: 20386: 20209: 20104: 19993: 19831: 19804: 19754: 19558: 19022: 18715: 18567: 16457:

Drimmel, R.; Spergel, D. N. (2001). "Three Dimensional Structure of the Milky Way Disk".

13035: 12926:"Resonance Occupation in the Kuiper Belt: Case Examples of the 5:2 and Trojan Resonances" 12830: 12749: 12149:"A post-New Horizons Global climate model of Pluto including the N 2, CH 4 and CO cycles" 11237: 7987: 3734: 3623: 3391: 3186:, which contains most of the stars in the Milky Way that are visible to the unaided eye. 3076: 2864: 2836: 2760: 2624: 2383: 2298:

Irregular satellites, having more distant and eccentric orbits than objects listed above.

2143: 1944: 1937: 1148: 1121: 1093: 1070: 1036: 867: 798: 786: 720: 693: 579: 461: 246: 22360: 18918: 18797: 17701: 17638: 17554: 17394: 17319: 17265: 17172: 17141: 17030: 16867: 16841: 16697: 16572: 16535: 16482: 16391: 16332: 16268: 16209: 16146: 16074: 16001: 15931: 15870: 15809: 15606: 15563: 15500: 15435: 15351: 15292: 15165: 15078: 15004: 14902: 14701: 14625: 14502: 14442: 14341: 14276: 14103: 14038: 13972: 13860: 13696: 13645: 13556: 13524: 13477: 13451: 13347: 13217: 13173: 13138: 13077: 12956: 12879: 12810: 12664: 12625: 12521: 12443: 12398: 12353: 12310: 12193: 12167: 12009: 11951: 11798: 11747: 11445: 11398: 11351: 11282: 11208: 11094: 10768: 10663: 10582: 10495: 10441: 10292: 10207: 10148: 10103: 9736: 9533: 9369: 9013: 8871: 8787: 8726: 8622: 8470: 8393: 8135: 8086: 7817: 7762: 7697: 7637: 7594: 7456: 7202: 7124: 7069: 7020: 6713: 6577: 6524: 6337: 6108: 5974: 5904: 5833: 5776: 5721: 5674: 5629: 5574: 5528: 5470: 5390: 5287: 5247: 5210: 5132: 5083: 4971: 4863: 4780: 4728: 4669: 4222: 4098:. The name is commonly rendered in lower case ('solar system'), as, for example, in the 3721:

are not added because the individual asteroids are too small to be shown on the diagram.

3293:, the direction of the Sun's path through interstellar space, is near the constellation 2656: 2324:

Irregular satellites, which as the name implies, have less regular orbits. One of them,

2185: 23068: 22866: 22837: 22755: 22716: 22668: 22653: 22567: 22507: 22430: 22340: 22310: 22300: 22244: 22166: 21857: 21493: 21292: 21253: 21088: 21084: 21080: 20883: 20782: 20487: 20457: 20404: 20339: 20287: 20262: 20084: 19954: 19901: 19779: 19749: 19657: 19470: 18607: 18438: 18052: 17658: 17624: 17566: 17508: 17500: 17192: 16950: 16910: 16879: 16853: 16774: 16740: 16709: 16683: 16595: 16558: 16521: 16494: 16468: 16377: 16344: 16318: 16288: 16254: 16221: 16195: 16166: 16132: 16102: 16060: 16023: 15987: 15951: 15917: 15884: 15856: 15795: 15695: 15669: 15592: 15549: 15486: 15421: 15371: 15304: 15278: 15185: 15100: 15064: 15016: 14990: 14924: 14760: 14713: 14686:

Whipple, Fred L. (1992). "The activities of comets related to their aging and origin".

14532: 14464: 14428: 14301: 14260: 14117: 14089: 14052: 14024: 13986: 13958: 13880: 13659: 13631: 13538: 13124: 13039: 13013: 12968: 12942: 12891: 12865: 12848: 12822: 12692: 12650: 12611: 12541: 12410: 12384: 12322: 12234: 12208: 12029: 11971: 11906: 11818: 11767: 11410: 11384: 11337: 11302: 11114: 11066: 11041: 10820: 10782: 10685: 10517: 10193: 10160: 10134: 10039: 10005: 9965: 9902: 9813: 9748: 9381: 9355: 9129: 8891: 8799: 8756: 8526: 8456: 8157: 8121: 8049: 8023: 7918: 7829: 7803: 7774: 7748: 7719: 7683: 7606: 7580: 7569:

Martin, Rebecca G.; Livio, Mario (2015). "The Solar System as an Exoplanetary System".

7335: 7277: 7269: 7186: 7136: 7110: 7081: 7055: 6951: 6925: 6874: 6829: 6741: 6544: 6250: 6128: 6094: 6021: 5988: 5960: 5890: 5798: 5762: 5686: 5641: 5615: 5586: 5540: 5514: 5455: 5402: 5376: 5307: 5233: 5144: 5097: 4985: 4957: 4912: 4714: 4681: 4655: 4242: 4208: 3689: 3637: 3581: 3547: 3512: 3443: 3420: 3201:, which lies at the edge of the Local Bubble. The closest star-forming regions are the 3156: 3145: 2555: 2070: 1971: 1425: 1376: 1290: 1190:, planets between one and ten times as massive as the Earth, although the hypothetical 1085: 887: 879: 646: 496: 18891: 18854: 17910: 16340: 12925: 12318: 11527: 7770: 7706: 7671: 7602: 7132: 7077: 5255: 4847: 4798: 1993: 546:

There is a strong consensus among astronomers that the Solar System has at least nine

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Copernicus, Darwin, & Freud: revolutions in the history and philosophy of science

17046: 16987: 16942: 16778: 16766: 16642: 16632: 16425: 16292: 16280: 16240: 16217: 16170: 16158: 16106: 16094: 16086: 16046: 16042: 16027: 16015: 15943: 15888: 15823: 15759: 15748: 15699: 15363: 15326: 15308: 15189: 15177: 15104: 15092: 14928: 14916: 14865: 14764: 14756: 14717: 14536: 14524: 14516: 14468: 14456: 14353: 14306: 14288: 14121: 14056: 13872: 13744: 13708: 13663: 13654: 13617: 13542: 13420: 13410: 13314: 13304: 13081: 12826: 12760: 12684: 12676: 12533: 12508: 12326: 12294: 12021: 11963: 11879: 11810: 11759: 11702: 11677: 11667: 11644: 11306: 11294: 11118: 11106: 10824: 10786: 10689: 10521: 10509: 10164: 10031: 9993: 9574: 9433: 9385: 9341: 9284: 9100: 8895: 8883: 8803: 8748: 8652: 8518: 8474: 8448: 8314: 8304: 8192: 8182: 8053: 7933: 7901: 7874: 7778: 7723: 7711: 7672:"New extreme trans-Neptunian objects: Toward a super-Earth in the outer solar system" 7663: 7610: 7518: 7281: 7261: 7214: 7140: 7085: 7024: 6976: 6898: 6888: 6849: 6839: 6788: 6778: 6733: 6725: 6618: 6608: 6536: 6506: 6483: 6234: 6207: 6132: 5983: 5946: 5857: 5852: 5817: 5802: 5788: 5735: 5690: 5590: 5544: 5434: 5333: 5299: 5274: 5036: 4989: 4867: 4246: 4234: 4230: 4157: 3508: 3424: 3411: 3341: 3241: 3080: 3028:(a planet beyond Neptune) might exist, based on statistical variance in the orbit of 2923: 2570: 2564:(38.1–52.8 AU), although smaller than Pluto, is the largest known object in the 2475: 2421: 2254: 2204: 1912:(2.15–2.57 AU) is the third-largest object in the asteroid belt. It has its own 1903: 1775: 1744: 1687: 1454: 1372: 1279: 1194:, if it does exist, could be a super-Earth orbiting in the edge of the Solar System. 985: 654: 638: 619: 271: 22191: 18974: 17612: 17512: 16954: 16728: 16713: 16498: 16348: 16225: 15020: 13990: 13884: 13043: 12972: 12414: 12238: 12194:"Irregular Satellites of the Planets: Products of Capture in the Early Solar System" 12122: 11822: 11414: 10980: 10739:... There are many other asteroids that can come close to the orbital path of Ceres. 9752: 9068:"What are the characteristics of the Solar System that lead to the origins of life?" 8760: 8687:"MESSENGER Provides New Look at Mercury's Surprising Core and Landscape Curiosities" 8161: 7833: 6955: 6322:; Vasilyev, M. V.; Yagudina, E. I. (July 2002). "Hidden Mass in the Asteroid Belt". 5992: 5706:"Origin of the cataclysmic Late Heavy Bombardment period of the terrestrial planets" 5645: 5561:

Gough, D. O. (November 1981). "Solar Interior Structure and Luminosity Variations".

5406: 5311: 5148: 5101: 4685: 4260: 2543: 1538:(0.72–0.73 AU) has a reflective, whitish atmosphere that is mainly composed of 957: 945: 23032: 22856: 22534: 22487: 22437: 22425: 22403: 22398: 22325: 22285: 22232: 22014: 21937: 21912: 21806: 21727: 21451: 21412: 21069: 20694: 20673: 20508: 20501: 20005: 19809: 19799: 19692: 19667: 19077: 19047: 18898: 18772: 18612: 18477: 18294: 17757: 17705: 17642: 17558: 17496: 17492: 17269: 17176: 16932: 16922: 16883: 16871: 16758: 16701: 16576: 16486: 16395: 16336: 16272: 16213: 16150: 16078: 16005: 15955: 15935: 15874: 15813: 15719: 15687: 15610: 15567: 15504: 15439: 15375: 15355: 15338: 15296: 15169: 15082: 15008: 14906: 14752: 14705: 14666: 14506: 14446: 14345: 14296: 14280: 14201: 14107: 14042: 13976: 13919: 13864: 13840: 13780: 13735: 13716: 13700: 13683: 13649: 13528: 13373: 13221: 13177: 13142: 13031: 12960: 12895: 12883: 12844: 12814: 12696: 12668: 12641: 12545: 12525: 12447: 12430: 12402: 12357: 12314: 12226: 12171: 12033: 12013: 11975: 11955: 11938: 11802: 11751: 11640: 11523: 11449: 11402: 11355: 11286: 11269: 11137: 11098: 11061: 10976: 10941: 10812: 10803: 10772: 10675: 10667: 10586: 10499: 10445: 10428: 10401: 10329: 10296: 10246: 10211: 10152: 10107: 10090: 10043: 10023: 9740: 9566: 9537: 9373: 9346: 9017: 8996:

Elkins-Tanton, L. T.; Smrekar, S. E.; Hess, P. C.; Parmentier, E. M. (March 2007).

8875: 8791: 8740: 8644: 8636: 8574: 8510: 8397: 8149: 8112: 8090: 8041: 7896: 7821: 7766: 7701: 7598: 7460: 7253: 7206: 7128: 7073: 7015:. Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series. Vol. 74. p. 83. 6947: 6943: 6821: 6745: 6717: 6700: 6581: 6564: 6548: 6528: 6511: 6359: 6341: 6324: 6319: 6229: 6120: 6112: 6031: 5978: 5908: 5847: 5837: 5780: 5725: 5678: 5633: 5578: 5532: 5394: 5291: 5251: 5136: 5116: 5087: 4975: 4922: 4794: 4732: 4673: 4267:. Research Consortium On Nearby Stars, Georgia State University. 7 September 2007. 4226: 3651: 3527: 3523: 3428: 3375: 3367: 3337: 3249: 3221: 3137: 2868: 2735: 2315: 2245:(18.3–20.1 AU), uniquely among the planets, orbits the Sun on its side as its 2078: 2039: 2013:, compared to the inner planets Earth, Venus, Mars, and Mercury at the bottom right 1933: 1895: 1546:

in the atmosphere. The planet lacks a protective magnetic field to protect against

1499: 1474: 1435: 1337: 1318: 1163: 1032: 1009: 925:, and comets) together comprise less than 0.002% of the Solar System's total mass. 878:

Astronomers sometimes divide the Solar System structure into separate regions. The

859: 662: 626: 500: 387: 155: 107: 16762: 15691: 15300: 14011:

Sheppard, Scott S.; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Tholen, David J.; Kaib, Nathan (2019).

12066: 11806: 11771: 9038:"How Many Moons Does Each Planet Have? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids" 8822:"How Many Moons Does Each Planet Have? | NASA Space Place – NASA Science for Kids" 8045: 6006:

Aungwerojwit, Amornrat; Gänsicke, Boris T; Dhillon, Vikram S; et al. (2024).

4401: 3415:, which enabled accurate computations of the positions of the then-known planets. 3213:; the latter lies just beyond the Local Bubble and is part of the Radcliffe wave. 2800:

The shape and form of the outer edge of the heliosphere is likely affected by the

1778:

have orbits that approach relatively close to Earth's orbit, and some of them are

22721: 22524: 22393: 22237: 22208: 22149: 22144: 22019: 21747: 21712: 21646: 21592: 21587: 21532: 21342: 21233: 20840: 20515: 20432: 20370: 20325: 20269: 19876: 19774: 19682: 19573: 19551: 19348: 19292: 19282: 19072: 19052: 19027: 19015: 18969: 18957: 18861: 18844: 18804: 18782: 18777: 18185: 17438: 17350: 17053: 16580: 15269: 14671: 14640: 14136: 13924: 13899: 13181: 13146: 13058: 12818: 12583: 12529: 12451: 12175: 12096: 11991:"Cassini Imaging Science: Initial Results on Saturn's Rings and Small Satellites" 11990: 11406: 10405: 10156: 10075: 9872: 9700: 9689: 9377: 9037: 8821: 7548: 7512: 7510: 6870: 6696:"Neptune's capture of its moon Triton in a binary–planet gravitational encounter" 6158: 4547: 4517: 4114: 4095: 3592: 3574: 3558: 3554: 3543: 3451: 3435: 3416: 3402: 3309: 2856: 2772: 2713: 2686: 2638: 2628: 2495: 2262: 2219: 2151: 2139: 2112: 2108: 2093: 2089: 1738: 1652: 1605: 1470: 1301:

galaxy. It has a higher abundance of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium ("

1048: 842: 701: 457: 380: 332: 18345: 18311: 13676: 13160:

Tancredi, G.; Favre, S. A. (2008). "Which are the dwarfs in the Solar System?".

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in 2006, hence the demotion of Pluto to a dwarf planet, and further interest in

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Orbit classification of Kuiper belt objects. Some clusters that is subjected to

1453:

The four terrestrial or inner planets have dense, rocky compositions, few or no

22944: 22920: 22783: 22549: 22388: 22215: 22186: 22161: 22094: 21783: 21651: 21537: 21439: 21329: 21319: 21053: 20687: 20620: 20522: 19860: 19640: 19630: 19568: 19431: 19358: 19319: 19240: 19213: 19067: 18937: 18908: 18886: 18876: 18866: 18819: 17562: 16082: 16010: 15973: 15879: 15842: 15818: 15781: 15614: 15087: 15050: 14511: 14484: 14451: 14414: 14284: 14112: 14071: 14047: 14012: 13981: 13940: 13704: 11838:"Geology of the Icy Galilean Satellites: A Framework for Compositional Studies" 11134:

VLT/SPHERE imaging survey of D>100 km asteroids: Final results and synthesis

10938:

VLT/SPHERE imaging survey of D>100 km asteroids: Final results and synthesis

9280:

Radioecology: Sources and Consequences of Ionising Radiation in the Environment

8998:"Volcanism and volatile recycling on a one-plate planet: Applications to Venus" 8578: 6825: 6379: 5784: 4105: 4076: 3718: 3588: 3570: 3459: 3379: 3316: 3302: 3171: 3122: 2942: 2801: 2593: 2483: 2471: 2367: 2354: 2321:

Regular satellites, which have circular orbits that lie near Neptune's equator.

2292: 2284: 2276: 2269: 2223: 2196: 2192: 2104: 2062: 2043: 1951: 1923: 1734: 1660: 1636: 1589: 1543: 1539: 1478: 1458: 1306: 1244: 1179: 1078: 929: 823: 794: 763: 705: 391: 119: 17709: 17274: 16875: 16276: 16154: 15903: 15645:; Bibring, J. P.; Blanc, M.; Barucci, M. A.; Roques, F.; Zarka, P. H. (2004). 13941:"Discovery of a Satellite of the Large Trans-Neptunian Object (225088) 2007 OR 13318: 12785:"The Mutual Orbit, Mass, and Density of Transneptunian Binary Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà ( 10816: 10671: 10027: 9558: 9542: 9517: 8795: 8660: 7953: 7464: 6695: 6622: 6116: 5092: 5067: 3442:

independently discovered that Jupiter had four satellites in orbit around it.

2976: 23078: 22735: 22529: 22492: 22460: 22335: 22044: 21867: 21838: 21816: 21434: 21407: 21384: 21285: 21133: 20988: 20745: 19959: 19939: 19519: 19252: 19235: 19056: 18979: 18942: 18913: 18903: 18871: 18849: 18829: 18792: 18765: 18760: 18755: 17984: 17888: 17714: 17654: 17188: 17180: 17102: 16946: 16770: 16400: 16363: 16243:; et al. (2020). "A Galactic-scale gas wave in the solar neighborhood". 16090: 16019: 15904:"A terrestrial planet candidate in a temperate orbit around Proxima Centauri" 15827: 15509: 15444: 15322: 15120:"Our solar system may have a hidden planet beyond Neptune – no, not that one" 15096: 15051:"C/2014 UN 271 (Bernardinelli-Bernstein): The Nearly Spherical Cow of Comets" 14920: 14520: 14460: 14357: 14292: 13712: 13424: 13085: 12680: 11681: 10513: 10216: 10035: 9794: 9710: 9578: 8887: 8752: 8595: 8522: 8318: 7715: 7667: 7265: 7218: 6878: 6853: 6729: 6600: 5913: 4927: 4898: 4871: 4737: 4238: 3793: 3789: 3710: 3496: 3455: 3286: 3245: 3014: 2931: 2867:, are thought to originate in the Oort cloud. Many comet groups, such as the 2580: 2550:, and rotates so quickly (once every 3.9 hours) that it is stretched into an 2547: 2505: 2325: 2280: 2258: 2230: 2200: 2177: 2162: 2120: 1913: 1887: 1809: 1798: 1693: 1682: 1676: 1628: 1609: 1551: 1430: 1368: 1325: 1310: 1256: 993: 965:

orbiting. This animation is 100 times faster than the inner planet animation.

883: 775: 611: 540: 16937: 16646: 15902:

Anglada-Escudé, Guillem; Amado, Pedro J.; Barnes, John; et al. (2016).

14070:

de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl (12 September 2018).

13900:"Surface composition of the largest dwarf planet 136199 Eris (2003 UB{313})" 13868: 13720: 12017: 11878:. Vol. 1. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 263–280. 11755: 11194: 11102: 10300: 9604: 8648: 8196: 6036: 6007: 5295: 4319: 4144: 3125:, which is about 4.4 light-years away and may be in the Local Bubble's 23056: 22795: 22420: 22415: 22315: 22198: 22181: 22139: 22109: 22099: 22034: 21917: 21862: 21843: 21823: 21801: 21793: 21636: 21629: 21468: 21389: 21372: 21238: 20701: 20680: 20037: 19814: 19769: 19426: 19309: 19203: 19143: 19126: 18952: 18930: 18881: 18839: 18824: 18809: 18675: 18634: 18599: 17994: 16672:

Reid, M. J.; Brunthaler, A. (2004). "The Proper Motion of Sagittarius A*".

16284: 16162: 16098: 15947: 15538:"No Evidence for Orbital Clustering in the Extreme Trans-Neptunian Objects" 15406:

de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl (1 September 2021).

15367: 15181: 14551: 14310: 14013:"A New High Perihelion Trans-Plutonian Inner Oort Cloud Object: 2015 TG387" 13876: 13679:"A dense ring of the trans-Neptunian object Quaoar outside its Roche limit" 13586: 12688: 12537: 12361: 12025: 11967: 11814: 11784: 11763: 11360: 11321: 11298: 11110: 11010: 10718: 10449: 10111: 9962:"Are Kuiper Belt Objects asteroids? Are large Kuiper Belt Objects planets?" 8656: 8599: 8153: 6792: 6737: 6668: 6585: 6540: 6345: 5861: 5842: 5739: 5303: 4980: 4943: 4088: 3471: 3463: 3447: 3439: 3387: 3190: 3160: 3130: 2533: 2499: 2441: 2416: 2311: 2288: 2215: 2181: 2097: 2085: 1988: 1963: 1916: 1883: 1509: 1159: 1097: 962: 950: 862:, returning some of the material that formed the Sun—but now enriched with 712: 547: 473: 428: 349: 282: 202: 79: 18221: 18020:"NASA planning to spend up to $ 1 billion on space station deorbit module" 17611:

Bhatnagar, Siddharth; Vyasanakere, Jayanth P.; Murthy, Jayant (May 2021).

17082: 16927: 14943:"ESA scientist discovers a way to shortlist stars that might have planets" 13404: 10370: 9890:

surface from Stickney appear to be surface fractures caused by the impact.

8294: 6902: 5201:

Irvine, W. M. (1983). "The chemical composition of the pre-solar nebula".

5029: 4899:"On the local and global properties of gravitational spheres of influence" 4701:"Past the outer rim, into the unknown: structures beyond the Kuiper Cliff" 3170:

The Local Bubble is a small superbubble compared to the neighboring wider

1028:, but the planetary system can change chaotically over billions of years. 35: 22711: 22383: 22375: 22365: 22345: 22320: 22249: 22171: 21927: 21902: 21897: 21811: 21771: 21732: 21697: 21680: 21675: 21347: 21186: 21076: 20768: 20078: 20072: 19855: 19843: 19838: 19789: 19764: 19734: 19729: 19677: 19672: 19497: 19411: 19370: 19331: 19208: 19039: 18962: 18925: 18814: 17875:

Corum, Jonathan; Gröndahl, Mika; Parshina-Kottas, Yuliya (13 July 2015).

16688: 16626: 16473: 15972:

Linsky, Jeffrey L.; Redfield, Seth; Tilipman, Dennis (20 November 2019).

15572: 15537: 14995: 14911: 14886: 14325: 13533: 13508: 13018: 12947: 12870: 12616: 12389: 12213: 11142: 10946: 10777: 10752: 10590: 9570: 9120: 9022: 8997: 8744: 8514: 8402: 8375: 8289:

Fraknoi, Andrew; Morrison, David; Wolff, Sidney C.; et al. (2022) .

8176: 8126: 7808: 6930: 6255: 5637: 5519: 5381: 4660: 3714: 3591:

in the 1960s and 1970s and will return to the Moon in the 2020s with the

3406: 3371: 3164: 3159:

exist in the region within 300 light-years of the Sun, known as the

3060: 3025: 3018: 2993: 2967: 2893: 2832: 2780: 2764: 2721: 2677: 2676:(red, brown and cyan) along with the predicted orbit of the hypothetical 2661: 2516:

of gravity above their surfaces (i.e. they appear to "orbit each other").

2487: 2409: 2399: 2363: 2211: 2123:. They are the largest moons of Jupiter and exhibit planetary properties. 1861: 1834: 1675:

internal structure, and lost its magnetosphere 4 billion years ago.

1664: 1597: 1490: 1360: 1329: 1302: 1248: 1223: 1191: 1187: 1124:

along with that of the other terrestrial planets would be smaller than a

1109: 891: 863: 855: 779: 634: 615: 477: 369: 17292: 17260:. Vol. 2004. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 3–26. 16047:"Star formation near the Sun is driven by expansion of the Local Bubble" 15939: 15359: 13616:

Parker, A. H.; Buie, M. W.; Grundy, W. M.; Noll, K. S. (25 April 2016).

12672: 11959: 11290: 10680: 9316: 8530: 7384:"Luleå är Sedna. I alla fall om vår sol motsvaras av Globen i Stockholm" 6772: 6721: 6532: 5730: 5705: 5620: 4487: 4431: 1580:, which is the result of the presence of life. The planet has a complex 992:

direction, matching the direction of planetary rotation; Neptune's moon

22932: 22295: 21992: 21965: 21942: 21922: 21907: 21759: 21663: 21641: 21619: 21614: 21478: 20738: 20715: 20195: 20097: 20044: 19784: 19363: 18947: 18142:

was created from a revision of this article dated 31 May 2021

17909:

McCartney, Gretchen; Brown, Dwayne; Wendel, JoAnna (7 September 2018).

17846:"NASA's Parker Solar Probe becomes first spacecraft to 'touch' the sun" 17646: 17504: 17434: 17430: 17346: 17157:"Simon Marius's Mundus Iovialis: 400th Anniversary in Galileo's Shadow" 15207: 14709: 13509:"Let It Go: Geophysically Driven Ejection of the Haumea Family Members" 12710: 9845: 9723:

Nimmo, Francis; Tanaka, Ken (2005). "Early Crustal Evolution of Mars".

9162:. UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. Archived from 6124: 5582: 3504: 3462:

of a planet (more ideally using the transit of Venus) could be used to

3290: 3271: 3179: 3052: 3010: 3005: 2985: 2908: 2751: 2665: 2513: 2491: 2246: 2027: 1899: 1632: 1624: 1593: 1525: 1513: 1482: 1341: 1294: 1236: 1232: 1144: 1014: 937:, and it lies at roughly five times the Earth's distance from the Sun. 790: 665:, is 4.25 light-years (269,000 AU) away. Both stars belong to the 650: 630: 113: 22806: 17728:"50th Anniversary of OAO 2: NASA's 1st Successful Stellar Observatory" 17688:

Clemence, G. M. (1947). "The Relativity Effect in Planetary Motions".

15841:

Linsky, Jeffrey L.; Redfield, Seth; Tilipman, Dennis (November 2019).

15470: 15405: 14528: 14349: 14069: 13225: 11320:

de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl (21 May 2017).

11319: 11173: 9514: 7273: 7210: 5006: 4698: 3254: 2992:

of the Solar System, including a depiction of the much further inside

2328:, is Neptune's largest moon. It is geologically active, with erupting 2034:, as in chemical compounds with melting points of up to a few hundred 1305:" in astronomical parlance) than the older population II stars in the 1205:. Although there are attempts to explain it partly with a bias in the 22883: 22861: 22482: 22330: 22114: 22079: 22074: 22069: 22029: 21982: 21972: 21766: 21742: 21717: 21624: 21575: 21508: 21498: 21473: 21446: 21422: 21357: 21203: 21146: 21098: 20833: 20160: 20058: 20051: 19480: 19446: 19277: 19198: 19121: 19116: 19087: 18834: 18787: 18656: 18639: 18024: 16137: 15471:

de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl (1 May 2022).

15173: 10478:

Tedesco, Edward F.; Cellino, Alberto; Zappalá, Vincenzo (June 2005).

8879: 4814:"NASA Spacecraft Embarks on Historic Journey Into Interstellar Space" 3738: 3542:, a planet interior of Mercury, but these attempts were quashed with 3333: 3279: 3263: 3183: 3141: 3134: 2885: 2810: 2701: 2551: 2173: 2116: 2023: 1826: 1759: 1755: 1601: 1486: 1466: 1298: 1283: 1275: 1108:, 40 km (25 mi) away, whereas the farthest current object, 1101: 847: 728: 666: 603: 528: 516: 89: 19082: 17963:"Parker Solar Probe Changed the Game Before it Even Launched - NASA" 14481: 6081:

Gesicki, K.; Zijlstra, A. A.; Miller Bertolami, M. M. (7 May 2018).

5140: 4461: 2696:

This population is divided into three subgroups by astronomers. The

2508:, the largest of Pluto's moons, is sometimes described as part of a 1772:

are those that cross the orbit of Venus. There are 2,809 as of 2015.

1485:

substantial enough to generate weather; all have impact craters and

1035:

of the Solar System is a measure of the total amount of orbital and

22475: 22176: 21850: 21609: 21582: 21159: 21120: 20111: 19949: 19416: 19272: 19257: 18998: 18705: 18553: 18201: 17629: 16745: 16705: 16490: 16382: 16323: 16259: 16200: 16065: 15992: 15922: 15861: 15800: 15674: 15597: 15554: 15491: 15426: 15283: 15069: 15012: 14433: 14094: 14029: 13963: 13636: 13129: 12964: 12887: 12501:"Triton's Geyser-Like Plumes: Discovery and Basic Characterization" 12406: 11874:. In Fran Bagenal; Timothy E. Dowling; William B. McKinnon (eds.). 11503: 11454: 11429: 11342: 10504: 10479: 10198: 10010: 9360: 8461: 8300: 8095: 8068: 8028: 7825: 7753: 7688: 7585: 7257: 6099: 6026: 5895: 5536: 5398: 4917: 4719: 4677: 3503:

The term "Solar System" entered the English language by 1704, when

2727:

Currently, there is one ETNO that is classified as a dwarf planet:

2561: 1932:

are bodies located in within another body's gravitationally stable

1909: 1822: 1709: 1573: 1404: 1400: 1333: 1314: 1020: 970: 922: 591: 571: 236: 22893: 16858: 16563: 16526: 16113: 15408:"Peculiar orbits and asymmetries in extreme trans-Neptunian space" 12655: 11389: 10139: 8995: 7115: 7060: 5965: 5767: 5238: 5169:"Lecture 13: The Nebular Theory of the origin of the Solar System" 4962: 4897:

Souami, D; Cresson, J; Biernacki, C; Pierret, F (21 August 2020).

4766: 4213: 3580:

accelerating when flyby planets in the outer Solar System and the

2767:, a region of space dominated by the Sun, has its boundary at the 2332:

of nitrogen gas, and possesses a thin, cloudy nitrogen atmosphere.

1113: 22750: 22225: 21987: 21754: 21707: 21690: 21685: 21604: 19353: 19341: 19267: 18666: 18644: 18519: 18504: 17541:

Bourtembourg, René (2013). "Was Uranus Observed by Hipparchos?".

15901: 15048: 14412: 14384:"Cassini's Big Sky: The View from the Center of Our Solar System" 13938: 11226:. Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press. pp. 273–287. 10645:"The violent collisional history of aqueously evolved (2) Pallas" 9793:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

9709:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

9240: 8376:"Modeling the heliospheric current sheet: Solar cycle variations" 5659:

Chrysostomou, A.; Lucas, P. W. (2005). "The Formation of Stars".

5454:

Nagasawa, M.; Thommes, E. W.; Kenyon, S. J.; et al. (2007).

5203:

Cometary exploration; Proceedings of the International Conference

4699:

de la Fuente Marcos, C.; de la Fuente Marcos, R. (January 2024).

3531: 3446:

followed on from these observations by discovering Saturn's moon

3301:. The plane of the ecliptic lies at an angle of about 60° to the 3126: 3114: 2954:, and was probably created by collisions within the Kuiper belt. 2902:

The planets, zodiacal light and meteor shower (top left of image)

2739: 2717: 2479: 2305: 2158: 2052: 2010: 1998: 1877: 1857: 1818: 1668: 1585: 1581: 1520:. In the past, Mercury was volcanically active, producing smooth 1005: 890:

includes Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and the bodies in the

536: 520: 340: 190: 175: 21232: 18379: 18226: 13678: 12146: 11733: 11221: 10837: 9990: 8012: 6820: 6314: 6005: 5704:

Gomes, R.; Levison, H. F.; Tsiganis, K.; Morbidelli, A. (2005).

3332:

on Earth. Spiral arms are home to a far larger concentration of

3328:

The Solar System's location in the Milky Way is a factor in the

1868:

material such as water are erupted onto the surface, as seen in

1481:. Three of the four inner planets (Venus, Earth, and Mars) have 837:

The current Sun compared to its peak size in the red-giant phase

833: 22871: 22740: 22728: 21947: 21833: 21007: 20863: 19794: 18991: 18986: 18700: 18695: 18661: 18649: 18594: 18546: 18539: 18514: 18509: 18388: 16245: 16123: 16051: 15908: 12604: 11618: 11616: 11504:"Further investigations of random models of Uranus and Neptune" 11497: 11495: 10799: 10275: 6080: 3692: – Phrase used to remember the planets of the Solar System 3519: 3047:. Most of the mass is orbiting in the region between 3,000 and 2927: 2915: 2871:, formed from the breakup of a single parent. Some comets with 2576: 2539: 2329: 2240: 2133: 2074: 2035: 2006: 2002: 1891: 1853: 1837:, a precursor stage before becoming a fully-formed planet (see 1727: 1577: 1528:

particles and ejected atoms. Mercury has no natural satellites.

1521: 1517: 1345: 1336:, the Sun radiates a continuous stream of charged particles (a 1240: 1089: 567: 563: 539:). All terrestrial planets have solid surfaces. Inversely, all 532: 524: 492: 231: 226: 185: 180: 20937: 18076:"A Wild 'Interstellar Probe' Mission Idea Is Gaining Momentum" 17019:

Rufus, W. C. (1923). "The astronomical system of Copernicus".

15778: 15331:"A Sedna-like Body with a Perihelion of 80 Astronomical Units" 10750: 10177: 7511:

Robert T. Pappalardo; William B. McKinnon; K. Khurana (2009).

6270: 6268: 6266: 5703: 4518:"JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 225088 Gonggong (2007 OR10)" 4351:"HORIZONS Web-Interface for Neptune Barycenter (Major Body=8)" 2859:: a long tail of gas and dust often visible to the naked eye. 19111: 18690: 18622: 18617: 18532: 18487: 18482: 18236: 16305: 15659: 14972:

Landgraf, M.; Liou, J.-C.; Zook, H. A.; Grün, E. (May 2002).

14257: 13733: 13057:

Dotto, E.; Barucci, M. A.; Fulchignoni, M. (1 January 2003).

11867:

Sheppard, Scott S.; Jewitt, David C.; Porco, Carolyn (2004).

11592:

NASA Ames Research Center; California Institute of Technology

10421:"The Primordial Excitation and Clearing of the Asteroid Belt" 6838:(Advanced ed.). Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. 6777:. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society. p. 82. 5326:"3. Present Understanding of the Origin of Planetary Systems" 4896: 4064: 3562: 3467: 2996:(inset); the sizes of objects are over-scaled for visibility. 2827: 2465: 2169: 1559: 1533: 1505: 1443: 1439: 1383:. The largest stable structure within the heliosphere is the 1081:, but ongoing discoveries have invalidated these hypotheses. 688: 595: 559: 508: 504: 449: 293: 221: 165: 160: 20129: 18231: 17874: 14884: 11613: 11502:

Podolak, M.; Podolak, J. I.; Marley, M. S. (February 2000).

11492: 5816:

Malhotra, R.; Holman, Matthew; Ito, Takashi (October 2001).

5453: 3595:. Discoveries in the 20th and 21st century has prompted the 3584:

decelerating closer towards the Sun after flyby with Venus.

3297:

in the direction of the current location of the bright star

2018:

extremely low melting points, such as hydrogen, helium, and

1564:(0.98–1.02 AU) is the only place in the universe where 1018:, whereas its most distant point from the Sun is called its 882:

includes Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, and the bodies in the

649:. The outermost region of the Solar System is the theorized 22089: 21308: 18743: 18627: 18492: 17915: 16596:"Period of the Sun's Orbit around the Galaxy (Cosmic Year)" 15641: 14561: 13506: 13452:"IAUC 8812: Sats OF 2003 AZ_84, (50000), (55637),, (90482)" 12494: 10366: 8446: 7484: 6598: 6385: 6263: 4290: 3670:

List of gravitationally rounded objects of the Solar System

3298: 2919: 2673: 2250: 2019: 1722:

Asteroids except for the largest, Ceres, are classified as

1646: 1620: 1565: 1447: 1321:

because the planets formed from the accretion of "metals".

1125: 512: 170: 23051: 22790: 17610: 15895: 14010: 13897: 12421: 11989:

Porco, C. C.; Baker, E.; Barbara, J.; et al. (2005).

10642: 10564: 10124: 8933:(PhD thesis). Southwest Research Institute. Archived from 8773: 8555: 4848:"Gravitational Spheres of the Major Planets, Moon and Sun" 3282:

population of stars orbiting close to the galactic plane.

3024:

As of the 2020s, a few astronomers have hypothesized that

2712:

by Neptune and still interact with the giant planets. The

2150:

capable of producing weak auroras. As of 2024, Saturn has

916:

The principal component of the Solar System is the Sun, a

22455: 21033: 20305: 18472: 17087:. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 12, 27. 16726: 16238: 16119: 15478:

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters

13000: 12191: 11131: 10935: 10643:

Marsset, M.; Brož, M.; Vernazza, P.; et al. (2020).

10391: 10185:

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters

6972:

Introduction to the Maths and Physics of the Solar System

6915: 6638:"Planet found orbiting its star backwards for first time" 6008:"Long-term variability in debris transiting white dwarfs" 5465:. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. pp. 639–654. 4706:

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters

4435: 3438:

publicized the use of the telescope in astronomy; he and

2852: 1218: 696:, out of which Earth and other Solar System bodies formed 641:

from the Sun, the solar wind is halted, resulting in the

445: 141: 42: 21277: 17816:"Hayabusa 2 probe begins journey to land on an asteroid" 17785:"This Is What It Sounded Like When We Landed on a Comet" 17084:

Pierre Gassendi and the Birth of Early Modern Philosophy

16183: 14733:"Meteorite and meteoroid: new comprehensive definitions" 14076:

as an Outlier among the Extreme Trans-Neptunian Objects"

11935: 10735:

Ceres is (or now we can say it was) the largest asteroid

9938:. International Astronomical Union. 2006. Archived from 9218:"What Percentage of the Earth's Land Surface is Desert?" 8288: 4595:. Interstellar Probe Project. NASA. 2000. Archived from 4324:

The International Astronomical Union Minor Planet Center

2804:

of interactions with the interstellar medium as well as

2061:, with giant storms swirling on the surface such as the 1718:

Overview of the inner Solar System up to Jupiter's orbit

797:

between planetisimals and the gas giants caused each to

18212:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 157–158. 16514:

Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana, Supplementi

16512:

Gerhard, O. (2011). "Pattern speeds in the Milky Way".

16040: 15266: 13056: 10567:"Ceres, Vesta, and Pallas: Protoplanets, Not Asteroids" 10418: 10087: 9340: 8866:(7). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 473–477. 8851:

Lebonnois, Sebastien; Schubert, Gerald (26 June 2017).

8711: 7409: 17389:. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. pp. 3–16. 17317: 15971: 15840: 14731:

Rubin, Alan E.; Grossman, Jeffrey N. (February 2010).

14485:"A Three-dimensional Map of the Heliosphere from IBEX" 13406:

Dawn of Small Worlds: Dwarf planets, asteroids, comets

13066:

Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana Supplementi

13059:"Beyond Neptune, the new frontier of the Solar System" 12923: 12782: 12472:. Carnegie Institution for Science. 23 February 2024. 11622: 11558:

Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System

11501: 9178: 4944:"Two estimates of the distance to the Galactic Centre" 4643: 4139:

For more classifications of Solar System objects, see

3163:. The latter feature is an hourglass-shaped cavity or 3079:, with the different regions and their distances on a 3037:

dominate the gravitational forces of surrounding stars

1655:

in Martian soil, and the polar regions are covered in

1608:

that formed the continental masses. Earth's planetary

1588:

system, with conditions differing drastically between

1040:

with a possibly significant contribution from comets.

23004: 16361: 13113: 12333: 11266: 11136:(Report). Astronomy & Astrophysics. p. A56. 10940:(Report). Astronomy & Astrophysics. p. A56. 10477: 10330:"NEO Basics – Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs)" 9488:. In Richard D. Johnson & Charles Holbrow (ed.). 9486:"Chapter 5, Appendix J: Impact Upon Lunar Atmosphere" 8961:"Climate Change as a Regulator of Tectonics on Venus" 7791: 6058:. Harvard & Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. 5001: 4999: 4042: 4015: 3988: 3961: 3804: 3774: 3374:, astronomers from Europe to India believed Earth to 3232:

of the Sun, potentially disrupting the Solar System.

3101:

List of nearby stellar associations and moving groups

1477:—and metals such as iron and nickel which form their 1169: 491:

The largest objects that orbit the Sun are the eight

17911:"Legacy of NASA's Dawn, Near the End of its Mission" 17908: 17381:

Festou, M. C.; Keller, H. U.; Weaver, H. A. (2004).

15635: 14971: 13833: 13615: 12843: 12427: 12374: 10971: 10969: 9125:"Earth's Oxygen: A Mystery Easy to Take for Granted" 7328:"The Thousand-Yard Model: or, Earth as a Peppercorn" 7303:. Ask Astro. Vol. 30, no. 10. p. 70. 7098: 6869: 6472:

Weissman, Paul Robert; Johnson, Torrence V. (2007).

5944: 3613: 3569:). To save on fuel, some space missions make use of 3129:. Alpha Centauri A and B are a closely tied pair of 2261:

and erratic cloud formation. As of 2024, Uranus has

1962:

The outer region of the Solar System is home to the

1782:

because they might collide with Earth in the future.

1690:

that is roughly 4.5 km (2.8 mi) in radius.

1572:

are known to exist. Earth's atmosphere contains 78%

1395:

The inner Solar System is the region comprising the

625:

The Solar System is constantly flooded by the Sun's

17258:

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union

16628:

Classical Mechanics: Point particles and relativity

16355: 15586: 10840:"Dawn Data Reveal Ceres' Complex Crustal Evolution" 10419:Petit, J.-M.; Morbidelli, A.; Chambers, J. (2001). 9461:. Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology. 9185:Carlowicz, Michael; Simmon, Robert (15 July 2019). 8590: 8588: 8069:"On the Two Oosterhoff Groups of Globular Clusters" 6436: 6434: 5456:"The Diverse Origins of Terrestrial-Planet Systems" 5072:

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union

3308:The Sun follows a nearly circular orbit around the 2755:

Diagram of the Sun's magnetosphere and helioshealth

1592:. The solid surface of Earth is dominated by green 1332:, which spans much of the Solar System. Along with 933:volatile substances could coalesce is known as the 50:(true color, size to scale, distances not to scale) 20953: 17380: 17318: 15750:Planets Beyond: Discovering the Outer Solar System 15379: 13188: 12458: 11368: 10609: 9994:"The Main Belt Comets and ice in the Solar System" 8447:Del Genio, Anthony D.; Brain, David; Noack, Lena; 7917: 7434: 6694:Agnor, Craig B.; Hamilton, Douglas P. (May 2006). 5945:Schröder, K.-P.; Connon Smith, Robert (May 2008). 4996: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4381: 4198: 4055: 4028: 4001: 3974: 3945: 3780: 3144:was found to be orbiting Proxima Centauri, called 2957: 2645: 2378:Beyond the orbit of Neptune lies the area of the " 1747:, that is, asteroids that orbit larger asteroids. 988:. Most of the larger moons orbit their planets in 20987: 20969: 17443:. New York: Random House. pp. 26–27, 37–38. 17252:Chapman, Allan (April 2005). 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Halley's friend 3321: 3030:extreme trans-Neptunian objects 2958:Boundary area and uncertainties 2941:, which is visible as the hazy 2646:Extreme trans-Neptunian objects 2032:'ice' in the astronomical sense 1667:, and has a rich collection of 1604:. Earth's surface is shaped by 1461:. They are composed largely of 1348:, dusty atmosphere, called the 1131: 1000:To a good first approximation, 472:of hydrogen into helium at its 16:The Sun and objects orbiting it 21075:2 (5?) planets: 17497:10.1080/0025570X.2003.11953207 17155:Pasachoff, Jay M. (May 2015). 16809:Mullen, Leslie (18 May 2001). 13348:"MPEC 2004-D15 : 2004 DW" 12466:"New Uranus and Neptune Moons" 12299:Reports on Progress in Physics 11011:"A look into Vesta's interior" 8175:Kallenrode, May-Britt (2004). 7358:"Tours of Model Solar Systems" 6948:10.1146/annurev.astro.39.1.581 5066:Standish, E. M. 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There are a vast number of 21:Solar System (disambiguation) 22984:Kirkhill Astronomical Pillar 21130:1? planets: b? 21008:Sirius (Alpha Canis Majoris) 18191:Resources in other libraries 16733:Astronomy & Astrophysics 16581:10.1016/j.icarus.2008.03.020 15662:Astronomy & Astrophysics 14650:Astronomy & Astrophysics 14557:Astronomy Picture of the Day 14185:Astronomy & Astrophysics 13403:Moltenbrey, Michael (2016). 13182:10.1016/j.icarus.2007.12.020 13147:10.1016/j.icarus.2024.116017 12819:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.12.037 12530:10.1126/science.250.4979.410 12452:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.06.005 12176:10.1016/j.icarus.2016.11.038 11645:10.1016/0032-0633(95)00061-5 11585:"Formation of Giant Planets" 11407:10.1016/j.icarus.2011.10.016 10394:Astronomy & Astrophysics 10157:10.1016/j.icarus.2012.11.031 9453:Norman, M. (21 April 2004). 9378:10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114768 9216:Cain, Fraser (1 June 2010). 8016:Astronomy & Astrophysics 6360:"The Sun's Vital Statistics" 4618:Hurt, R. 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Uranus and Neptune are 1724:small Solar System bodies 1253:electromagnetic radiation 1106:Stockholm Arlanda Airport 940: 918:G-type main-sequence star 588:small Solar System bodies 486:G-type main-sequence star 456:when a dense region of a 423: 413: 401: 386: 378: 368: 358: 348: 331: 319: 307: 302: 291: 280: 269: 200: 147: 137: 132: 99: 64: 56: 33: 22915:Gravity Discovery Centre 22877:Eise Eisinga Planetarium 22644:With multiple exoplanets 20614:Gran Telescopio Canarias 20031:Local Interstellar Cloud 18749:other near-Earth objects 17355:. R. Taylor. p. 8. 17181:10.1177/0021828615585493 16625:Greiner, Walter (2004). 16011:10.3847/1538-4357/ab498a 15880:10.3847/1538-4357/ab498a 15819:10.3847/2041-8213/ac9120 15088:10.3847/2041-8213/ac32d3 14982:The Astronomical Journal 14639:Królikowska, M. 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The 3696: 3571:gravity assist maneuvers 3526:successfully measured a 3153:Local Interstellar Cloud 3111:Local Interstellar Cloud 3059:from the Sun. The Sun's 2710:gravitational scattering 2152:146 confirmed satellites 1770:Venus-crossing asteroids 795:gravitational encounters 74:Local Interstellar Cloud 60:4.568 billion years 21430:Asymptotic giant branch 21054:α Cen (Rigil Kentaurus) 20709:Astrology and astronomy 20419:Gravitational radiation 19994:Solar System portal 19720:Giant-impact hypothesis 19327:Trans-Neptunian objects 18209:Encyclopædia Britannica 17369:Posthumous publication. 17331:Oxford University Press 16755:2019A&A...625L..10G 15746:Littmann, Mark (2004). 15684:2019A&A...629A.139T 15627:: CS1 maint: bibcode ( 14749:2010M&PS...45..114R 14663:2001A&A...376..316K 14198:2000A&A...357..268F 13916:2007A&A...471..331D 13869:10.1126/science.1139415 13028:2003EM&P...92..113B 12223:2007ARA&A..45..261J 12018:10.1126/science.1108056 11756:10.1126/science.1110422 11637:1995P&SS...43.1517P 11520:2000P&SS...48..143P 11103:10.1126/science.1223272 11058:1997M&PS...32..841T 11015:Max-Planck-Gesellschaft 10301:10.2307/j.ctv1v7zdn4.33 10020:2017A&ARv..25....5S 9699:6 November 2015 at the 9559:"How Mars got its rust" 9455:"The Oldest Moon Rocks" 9430:Oxford University Press 9399:"The Smell of Moondust" 8571:2009E&PSL.285..283W 8503:The Mathematics Teacher 8038:2022A&A...660A.131M 7893:2000A&G....41a..12W 6940:2001ARA&A..39..581L 6824:; Olenick, Richard P.; 6226:2000A&G....41a..12W 5296:10.1126/science.1101979 4320:"Latest Published Data" 4113:27 January 2008 at the 3604:trans-Neptunian objects 3419:used them to predict a 3314:supermassive black hole 3224:, which approached to ~ 3195:Ursa Major moving group 3068:to be 230,000 AU. 2747:Edge of the heliosphere 2672:(pink), and other very 2384:tilted toward the plane 2316:16 confirmed satellites 2263:28 confirmed satellites 2079:95 confirmed satellites 2059:atmospheric circulation 1786:Mars-crossing asteroids 1677:Mars has two tiny moons 1293:, having formed in the 1075:Johannes Kepler's model 874:General characteristics 828:eventually be disrupted 772:hydrostatic equilibrium 683: 673:Formation and evolution 272:natural satellites 22766:Tidal disruption event 22255:Circumstellar envelope 21489:Luminous blue variable 20628:Hubble Space Telescope 19882:Possible dwarf planets 19725:Gravitational collapse 19663:Circumstellar envelope 18468: 18128: 18104:Listen to this article 16980:Orrell, David (2012). 16401:10.1093/mnras/stad3604 15536:Napier, K. J. (2021). 15510:10.1093/mnrasl/slac012 15445:10.1093/mnras/stab1756 14135:Jewitt, David (2004). 13779:Jewitt, David (2005). 12362:10.1006/icar.1996.5568 12099:. NASA. January 2024. 10450:10.1006/icar.2001.6702 10217:10.1093/mnrasl/slac089 10112:10.1006/icar.2000.6520 9649:Noever, David (2004). 9492:. NASA. Archived from 9424:Melosh, H. J. (1989). 9191:NASA Earth Observatory 8689:. NASA. Archived from 8453:Planetary Astrobiology 8154:10.1006/icar.2001.6607 7850:. NASA. Archived from 7416:NASA Educator Features 7326:Ottewell, Guy (1989). 6605:The Cosmic Perspective 6586:10.1006/icar.1996.5637 6415:. NASA. Archived from 6346:10.1006/icar.2002.6837 5914:10.1093/mnras/stad3604 5843:10.1073/pnas.231384098 5431:The cosmic perspective 4928:10.1093/mnras/staa1520 4738:10.1093/mnrasl/slad132 4620:"The Milky Way Galaxy" 4291:"Solar System Objects" 4057: 4030: 4003: 3976: 3947: 3782: 3500: 3409:, Kepler produced the 3363: 3259: 3211:Taurus molecular cloud 3118: 3087:Celestial neighborhood 3083: 3055:, have aphelia around 2997: 2964:Planets beyond Neptune 2903: 2840: 2777:local standard of rest 2756: 2681: 2660:The current orbits of 2603: 2425: 2413: 2380:trans-Neptunian region 2374:Trans-Neptunian region 2355:scattered disc objects 2154:, grouped as follows: 2014: 1830: 1719: 1688:Stickney impact crater 1450: 1365:coronal mass ejections 1228: 1212: 1183: 1053: 966: 954: 838: 810:of the inner planets. 808:Late Heavy Bombardment 697: 22852:Antikythera mechanism 22291:Effective temperature 21147:Gliese 65 A (BL Ceti) 20732:Astroparticle physics 20467:Australian Aboriginal 20091:Laniakea Supercluster 19708:Sample-return mission 18467: 18127: 16928:10.4202/app.2011.0058 16815:Astrobiology Magazine 16594:Leong, Stacy (2002). 15323:Trujillo, Chadwick A. 15206:Arnett, Bill (2006). 14265:Space Science Reviews 13484:. 17 September 2008. 12067:"The moons of Saturn" 10985:The Planetary Society 10078:Retrieved 30 May 2012 9484:Globus, Ruth (1977). 8959:Rincon, Paul (1999). 8776:Space Science Reviews 8260:"The Sun Does a Flip" 7873:Woolfson, M. (2000). 7547:15 April 2023 at the 6599:Bennett, Jeffrey O.; 6206:Woolfson, M. (2000). 6037:10.1093/mnras/stae750 4058: 4031: 4004: 3982:= 27° 07′ 42.01″ and 3977: 3948: 3783: 3781:{\displaystyle \psi } 3494: 3477:Principia Mathematica 3474:, in his magisterial 3450:and the shape of the 3434:In the 17th century, 3361: 3257: 3108: 3074: 2979: 2901: 2835: 2806:solar magnetic fields 2771:. Based on the Sun's 2754: 2742:is named after Sedna. 2659: 2601: 2419: 2407: 2144:hexagon-shaped storms 2069:, enough to redirect 1996: 1884:Vesta asteroid family 1812: 1717: 1614:atmospheric stripping 1518:impact event remnants 1433: 1403:. Composed mainly of 1350:interplanetary medium 1268:effective temperature 1226: 1177: 1051: 960: 948: 906:Further information: 836: 820:gravitationally bound 804:grand tack hypothesis 691: 659:2,000–200,000 AU 448:and the objects that 442:gravitationally bound 397:~60°, to the ecliptic 22761:Planet-hosting stars 22639:With resolved images 22610:Historical brightest 22540:Photometric-standard 22466:Solar radio emission 22260:Eddington luminosity 22040:Triple-alpha process 21978:Thorne–Żytkow object 21353:Young stellar object 21072:(4.2465 ± 0.0003 ly) 21070:C (Proxima Centauri) 20724:Astronomers Monument 20656:Very Large Telescope 20203:Astronomical symbols 20006:Astronomy portal 19907:Solar System objects 19653:Circumplanetary disk 18203:"Solar System" 18159:More spoken articles 17852:. 14 December 2021. 17485:Mathematics Magazine 16600:The Physics Factbook 14912:10.1029/2020JE006509 14589:. 19 December 2019. 14390:. 19 November 2009. 14217:See Figures 1 and 2. 14145:University of Hawaii 13785:University of Hawaii 12125:. NASA. January 2024 11848:on 30 September 2007 11361:10.1093/mnras/stx197 11143:10.5194/epsc2022-103 10947:10.5194/epsc2022-103 10778:10.1002/2017JE005302 10591:10.1029/2006EO100002 10074:3 March 2016 at the 9688:20 July 2014 at the 9571:10.1038/news040503-6 9023:10.1029/2006JE002793 8745:10.1029/2012JE004161 8515:10.5951/MT.92.9.0786 8418:"Inner Solar System" 8403:10.1029/2001JA000299 8374:Riley, Pete (2002). 8291:"15.4 Space weather" 7412:"Solar System Scale" 7156:"Neptune Fact Sheet" 6822:Frautschi, Steven C. 6443:"Jupiter Fact Sheet" 6181:"Kuiper Belt: Facts" 5662:Contemporary Physics 5638:10.1029/2003JA009997 5078:(IAUC196): 163–179. 4981:10.1093/mnras/stu631 4094:25 July 2021 at the 4040: 4036:= 66° 33′ 38.6″ and 4013: 3986: 3959: 3802: 3772: 3386:had speculated on a 3384:Aristarchus of Samos 3268:barred spiral galaxy 2484:Pluto has five moons 1870:surface bright spots 1776:Near-Earth asteroids 1764:594913 ꞌAylóꞌchaxnim 1671:. Mars has a highly 1570:surface liquid water 1203:orbital eccentricity 1156:zone of habitability 1044:Distances and scales 1008:with the Sun at one 975:synchronous rotation 764:thermonuclear fusion 466:balanced equilibrium 124: (4.36 ly) 19:For other uses, see 22963:Sweden Solar System 22959:(Somerset, England) 22957:Somerset Space Walk 22927:Monument to the Sun 22923:(Hvidovre, Denmark) 22917:(Gingin, Australia) 22838:Solar System models 22585:Highest temperature 22356:Color–color diagram 22221:Protoplanetary disk 22025:Proton–proton chain 21703:Chemically peculiar 20938: 20797:List of astronomers 20210:Astronomical object 20105:Observable universe 19902:Solar System models 19832:Protoplanetary disk 19755:Interstellar medium 19715:Frost/Ice/Snow line 17795:on 23 November 2014 17702:1947RvMP...19..361C 17639:2021AmJPh..89..454B 17555:2013JHA....44..377B 17395:2004come.book....3F 17329:(Online ed.). 17266:2005tvnv.conf....3C 17173:2015JHA....46..218P 17142:1996AAS...189.2404A 17031:1923PA.....31..510R 16868:2009IJAsB...8..213B 16698:2004ApJ...616..872R 16573:2008Icar..197..221K 16536:2011MSAIS..18..185G 16483:2001ApJ...556..181D 16392:2024MNRAS.527.6126R 16333:2015ApJ...800L..17M 16269:2020Natur.578..237A 16210:2015ApJ...814...13M 16147:2020Natur.578..237A 16075:2022Natur.601..334Z 16041:Zucker, Catherine; 16002:2019ApJ...886...41L 15940:10.1038/nature19106 15932:2016Natur.536..437A 15871:2019ApJ...886...41L 15810:2022ApJ...937L..32S 15607:2024NatAs.tmp..211P 15564:2021PSJ.....2...59N 15501:2022MNRAS.512L...6D 15436:2021MNRAS.506..633D 15387:on 16 December 2014 15360:10.1038/nature13156 15352:2014Natur.507..471T 15293:2019PhR...805....1B 15166:2001Natur.409..589S 15079:2021ApJ...921L..37B 15005:2002AJ....123.2857L 14903:2021JGRE..12606509J 14831:National Geographic 14702:1992CeMDA..54....1W 14626:2001PAICz..89...78S 14503:2021ApJS..254...40R 14443:2021ApJ...923..179K 14342:1993JGR....9815157B 14277:2023SSRv..219...18B 14104:2018RNAAS...2..167D 14039:2019AJ....157..139S 13973:2017ApJ...838L...1K 13861:2007Sci...316.1585B 13697:2023Natur.614..239M 13646:2016ApJ...825L...9P 13525:2022PSJ.....3..225N 13218:2001AmJPh..69.1096F 13174:2008Icar..195..851T 13139:2024Icar..41416017E 13078:2003MSAIS...3...20D 12957:2003AJ....126..430C 12880:2006ApJ...639L..43B 12811:2019Icar..334...30G 12673:10.1038/nature13155 12665:2014Natur.508...72B 12626:2008ssbn.book..161S 12522:1990Sci...250..410S 12499:(19 October 1990). 12444:2006Icar..185..258H 12399:2005AJ....129..518S 12354:1997Icar..125....1D 12311:2002RPPh...65.1741E 12168:2017Icar..287...54F 12010:2005Sci...307.1226P 11960:10.1038/nature06224 11952:2007Natur.449.1019S 11799:1999Sci...284.1146B 11793:(5417): 1146–1150. 11748:2005Sci...308.1291A 11742:(5726): 1291–1293. 11476:. 28 October 2018. 11474:Minor Planet Center 11446:2005AJ....130.2900Y 11399:2012Icar..217...27C 11352:2017MNRAS.467.1561D 11291:10.1038/nature10233 11283:2011Natur.475..481C 11209:1982BAAS...14..719F 11176:on 21 November 2021 11095:2012Sci...336..694S 11040:Takeda, H. (1997). 10981:"What Is A Planet?" 10769:2017JGRE..122.2267E 10664:2020NatAs...4..569M 10583:2006EOSTr..87..105M 10496:2005AJ....129.2869T 10459:on 21 February 2007 10442:2001Icar..153..338P 10293:2002aste.book..409M 10208:2022MNRAS.517L..49B 10149:2013Icar..223...48S 10104:2000Icar..148..312D 9737:2005AREPS..33..133N 9638:. pp. 301–314. 9534:2007CeMDA..98..155S 9370:2022Icar..37414768M 9042:spaceplace.nasa.gov 9014:2007JGRE..112.4S06E 8872:2017NatGe..10..473L 8826:spaceplace.nasa.gov 8788:2007SSRv..131..161D 8727:2012JGRE..117.0L09M 8623:1981Sci...213...62H 8499:"Astronomical Math" 8471:2018arXiv180704776D 8394:2002JGRA..107.1136R 8136:2001Icar..151..307L 8087:1973ApJ...185..477V 7818:2004ApJ...614..497G 7763:2015ApJ...806L..26V 7698:2016AJ....152..221S 7670:(7 December 2016). 7638:2015nova.pres..313K 7630:Aas Nova Highlights 7595:2015ApJ...810..105M 7542:Extract of page 658 7457:2005AdSpR..35.2084L 7203:1972AmJPh..40.1014J 7125:2012ApJ...750..135E 7070:2011ApJ...731L..42B 7021:1995ASPC...74...83M 6875:Leighton, Robert B. 6871:Feynman, Richard P. 6830:Goodstein, David L. 6722:10.1038/nature04792 6714:2006Natur.441..192A 6578:1997Icar..127...13L 6533:10.1038/nature02120 6525:2003Natur.426..419L 6413:"Saturn Fact Sheet" 6338:2002Icar..158...98K 6109:2018NatAs...2..580G 6052:"Planetary Nebulas" 5975:2008MNRAS.386..155S 5905:2024MNRAS.527.6126R 5834:2001PNAS...9812342M 5828:(22): 12342–12343. 5777:2009RvMA...21..215C 5731:10.1038/nature03676 5722:2005Natur.435..466G 5675:2005ConPh..46...29C 5630:2003JGRA..108.1437S 5575:1981SoPh...74...21G 5529:2001ApJS..136..417Y 5471:2007prpl.conf..639N 5391:2005ApJ...621L.137B 5288:2005Sci...307...68G 5248:2011ApJ...729..146V 5211:1983coex....1....3I 5133:2010NatGe...3..637B 5084:2005tvnv.conf..163S 4972:2014MNRAS.441.1105F 4864:1964SvA.....7..618C 4781:2003AdSpR..31.2563M 4729:2024MNRAS.527L.110D 4670:2003AJ....126..430C 4599:on 21 November 2013 4349:Yeomans, Donald K. 4223:2014AJ....148...91L 3624:Solar system portal 3555:telescopes in space 3427:did the same for a 3392:Nicolaus Copernicus 3157:interstellar clouds 3077:interstellar medium 2990:sphere of influence 2982:artist's impression 2939:zodiacal dust cloud 2761:stellar-wind bubble 2691:541132 Leleākūhonua 1972:short-period comets 1856:, frozen water and 1397:terrestrial planets 1149:interstellar medium 1094:Sweden Solar System 1086:Solar System models 1037:rotational momentum 980:As a result of the 868:interstellar medium 866:like carbon—to the 787:protoplanetary disk 721:protoplanetary disc 694:protoplanetary disk 497:terrestrial planets 462:protoplanetary disc 335:of outermost planet 112: (4.2465 30: 22953:(Ithaca, New York) 22867:Astronomical clock 22590:Lowest temperature 22341:Photometric system 22311:Absolute magnitude 22245:Circumstellar dust 21858:Stellar black hole 21494:Stellar population 21380:Herbig–Haro object 21017:white dwarf B 20783:Physical cosmology 20085:Virgo Supercluster 20066:Milky Way subgroup 19897:Natural satellites 19780:Nebular hypothesis 19760:Interstellar space 19750:Interstellar cloud 19658:Circumstellar disc 19248:Near-Earth objects 19132:names and meanings 18469: 18129: 18053:The New York Times 17881:The New York Times 17647:10.1119/10.0003349 17288:See, for example: 16241:Goodman, Alyssa A. 16043:Goodman, Alyssa A. 15573:10.3847/PSJ/abe53e 15327:Sheppard, Scott S. 14710:10.1007/BF00049540 14583:"In Depth: Comets" 13534:10.3847/PSJ/ac8e03 12719:American Scientist 12576:"Chiron biography" 11913:. 18 August 2021. 11907:"In Depth: Saturn" 11238:"Trojan Asteroids" 11017:. 6 January 2011. 10373:on 2 February 2002 10332:. CNEOS NASA/JPL. 9966:Cornell University 9814:The New York Times 9130:The New York Times 9123:(3 October 2013). 8693:on 12 January 2019 8299:. Houston, Texas: 7668:Trujillo, Chadwick 7664:Sheppard, Scott S. 7408:See, for example, 6293:on 29 January 2007 5583:10.1007/BF00151270 4053: 4026: 3999: 3972: 3943: 3778: 3690:Planetary mnemonic 3638:Outer space portal 3582:Parker Solar Probe 3573:, such as the two 3548:general relativity 3501: 3444:Christiaan Huygens 3421:transit of Mercury 3364: 3260: 3146:Proxima Centauri b 3119: 3084: 2998: 2904: 2841: 2757: 2740:sednoid population 2682: 2604: 2556:collisional family 2554:. It is part of a 2426: 2414: 2388:largely unexplored 2071:ionizing radiation 2015: 1997:The outer planets 1958:Outer Solar System 1831: 1720: 1659:made of water and 1625:very fine regolith 1469:—which form their 1451: 1426:Terrestrial planet 1391:Inner Solar System 1373:geomagnetic storms 1229: 1184: 1178:Comparison of the 1054: 967: 955: 888:outer Solar System 880:inner Solar System 839: 814:Present and future 698: 655:long-period comets 647:interstellar space 639:astronomical units 620:natural satellites 364:detected at 120 AU 309:Star spectral type 283:minor planets 259:more candidates... 203:dwarf planets 28: 23090:Planetary science 23002: 23001: 22951:Sagan Planet Walk 22947:(Lofoten, Norway) 22935:(Zagreb, Croatia) 22804: 22803: 22707:Substellar object 22686:Planetary nebulae 22105:Luminous red nova 22015:Deuterium burning 22001: 22000: 21484:Instability strip 21464:Wolf-Rayet nebula 21418:Horizontal branch 21363:Pre-main-sequence 21275: 21274: 21271: 21270: 21267: 21266: 21224: 21223: 21220: 21219: 21177: 21176: 21173: 21172: 20979: 20978: 20975: 20974: 20905: 20904: 20790:Quantum cosmology 20776:Planetary geology 20569: 20568: 20280:Celestial subject 20127: 20126: 19972: 19971: 19968: 19967: 19945:Lagrangian points 19917:by discovery date 19515:Human spaceflight 19486:historical models 19379: 19378: 19004:S/2015 (136472) 1 18167:Library resources 18125: 18004:978-0-553-59337-2 17450:978-0-3078-0105-0 17337:(Subscription or 17227:ESA Space Science 17094:978-0-511-34982-9 17067:978-1-4051-8183-9 17022:Popular Astronomy 16638:978-0-387-21851-9 16253:(7794): 237–239. 16131:(7794): 237–239. 16059:(7893): 334–337. 15916:(7617): 437–440. 15765:978-0-486-43602-9 15346:(7493): 471–474. 15160:(6820): 589–591. 14837:on 7 October 2015 14350:10.1029/93JA01171 13841:Brown, Michael E. 13691:(7947): 239–243. 13416:978-3-319-23003-0 13376:(23 March 2009). 13310:978-0-816-52755-7 13261:. 6 August 2021. 13255:"In Depth: Pluto" 13226:10.1119/1.1389278 13212:(10): 1096–1102. 12713:(February 2015). 12516:(4979): 410–415. 12305:(12): 1741–1783. 11946:(7165): 1019–21. 11895:on 26 March 2009. 11673:978-0-521-80090-7 11631:(12): 1517–1522. 11322:"Asteroid 2014 YX 11277:(7357): 481–483. 11089:(6082): 694–697. 10977:Lakdawalla, Emily 10763:(11): 2267–2293. 10542:. 14 April 2000. 9972:on 3 January 2009 9778:on 18 August 2011 9439:978-0-19-504284-9 9254:. 6 August 2006. 9139:on 3 October 2013 9106:978-1-4987-5428-6 8860:Nature Geoscience 8351:. 22 April 2003. 8310:978-1-947-17224-1 8188:978-3-540-20617-0 7939:978-0-691-05781-1 7854:on 2 January 2008 7524:978-0-8165-2844-8 7451:(12): 2084–2090. 7211:10.1119/1.1986734 6879:Sands, Matthew L. 6845:978-0-521-71590-4 6708:(7090): 192–194. 6614:978-0-134-87436-4 6519:(6965): 419–421. 6489:978-0-12-088589-3 6378:Eddy, J. (1979). 5716:(7041): 466–469. 5440:978-0-134-87436-4 5121:Nature Geoscience 4775:(12): 2563–2575. 4524:. 10 April 2017. 4158:astronomical unit 3737:found to date in 3464:trigonometrically 3425:Jeremiah Horrocks 3412:Rudolphine Tables 3342:extinction events 3242:Location of Earth 3236:Galactic position 3081:logarithmic scale 2924:atmospheric entry 2869:Kreutz sungrazers 2769:termination shock 2571:S/2015 (136472) 1 2422:orbital resonance 1627:and dominated by 1465:minerals such as 1291:population I star 1164:subsurface oceans 727:and a hot, dense 653:, the source for 627:charged particles 434: 433: 23107: 23067: 23066: 23065: 23055: 23054: 23043: 23042: 23041: 23031: 23030: 23029: 23019: 23018: 23017: 23010: 22929:(Zadar, Croatia) 22896: 22857:Armillary sphere 22831: 22824: 22817: 22808: 22807: 22796:Stars portal 22794: 22793: 22782: 22781: 22438:Planetary system 22361:Strömgren sphere 22233:Asteroseismology 21954:Black hole star 21526: 21525: 21452:Planetary nebula 21413:Red-giant branch 21302: 21295: 21288: 21279: 21278: 21259: 21244: 21243: 21234:Sub-brown dwarfs 21230: 21229: 21209: 21192: 21191: 21183: 21182: 21165: 21152: 21139: 21126: 21116: 21103: 21059: 21047: 21042: 21013: 20996: 20995: 20985: 20984: 20966: 20965: 20962: 20957: 20951: 20950: 20932: 20925: 20918: 20909: 20908: 20898: 20894: 20893: 20886: 20882: 20881: 20866: 20857: 20850: 20843: 20836: 20827: 20820: 20813: 20811:Medieval Islamic 20806: 20799: 20792: 20785: 20778: 20771: 20764: 20755: 20748: 20741: 20734: 20727: 20718: 20711: 20704: 20697: 20695:Astroinformatics 20690: 20683: 20676: 20674:Archaeoastronomy 20658: 20651: 20644: 20637: 20635:Keck Observatory 20630: 20623: 20616: 20609: 20602: 20595: 20588: 20562: 20553: 20546: 20539: 20532: 20530:Medieval Islamic 20525: 20518: 20511: 20504: 20497: 20490: 20483: 20476: 20469: 20449: 20442: 20435: 20428: 20421: 20414: 20407: 20389: 20380: 20373: 20366: 20359: 20357: 20349: 20347: 20335: 20328: 20308: 20301: 20294: 20272: 20265: 20258: 20251: 20238: 20237: 20226: 20219: 20212: 20205: 20198: 20189: 20182: 20175: 20154: 20147: 20140: 20131: 20130: 20121: 20119: 20110: 20103: 20096: 20089: 20083: 20077: 20071: 20064: 20057: 20050: 20043: 20036: 20029: 20016: 20015: 20014: 20004: 20003: 20002: 19992: 19991: 19990: 19693:Exozodiacal dust 19383: 19382: 19349:Detached objects 18591: 18590: 18587: 18586: 18431: 18413: 18406: 18399: 18390: 18389: 18384: 18376: 18375: 18374: 18367: 18366:from Wikiversity 18359: 18358: 18357: 18350: 18342: 18341: 18340: 18333: 18325: 18324: 18323: 18316: 18308: 18307: 18306: 18299: 18291: 18290: 18289: 18282: 18274: 18273: 18272: 18265: 18257: 18256: 18255: 18245: 18213: 18205: 18149: 18147: 18136: 18135: 18126: 18116: 18114: 18110: 18105: 18091: 18090: 18088: 18086: 18071: 18065: 18064: 18062: 18060: 18043: 18037: 18036: 18034: 18032: 18015: 18009: 18008: 17981: 17975: 17974: 17972: 17970: 17965:. 4 October 2018 17959: 17953: 17952: 17950: 17948: 17942:science.nasa.gov 17934: 17928: 17927: 17925: 17923: 17906: 17900: 17899: 17897: 17895: 17872: 17866: 17865: 17863: 17861: 17842: 17836: 17835: 17833: 17831: 17811: 17805: 17804: 17802: 17800: 17791:. Archived from 17780: 17774: 17773: 17771: 17769: 17754: 17748: 17747: 17745: 17743: 17723: 17717: 17713: 17685: 17679: 17678: 17676: 17674: 17632: 17608: 17602: 17601: 17581: 17575: 17574: 17538: 17532: 17531: 17529: 17527: 17521: 17482: 17473: 17467: 17466: 17464: 17462: 17427: 17421: 17420: 17418: 17416: 17378: 17372: 17368: 17366: 17364: 17342: 17334: 17322: 17314: 17312: 17310: 17286: 17280: 17279: 17277: 17249: 17243: 17242: 17240: 17238: 17219: 17213: 17212: 17210: 17208: 17152: 17146: 17145: 17125: 17119: 17118: 17116: 17114: 17078: 17072: 17071: 17051: 17041: 17035: 17034: 17016: 17010: 17009: 17007: 17005: 16977: 16971: 16970: 16968: 16966: 16940: 16938:20.500.12128/534 16930: 16906: 16900: 16899: 16897: 16895: 16861: 16837: 16831: 16830: 16828: 16826: 16806: 16795: 16794: 16792: 16790: 16748: 16724: 16718: 16717: 16691: 16689:astro-ph/0408107 16669: 16663: 16662: 16660: 16658: 16622: 16616: 16615: 16613: 16611: 16591: 16585: 16584: 16566: 16546: 16540: 16539: 16529: 16509: 16503: 16502: 16476: 16474:astro-ph/0101259 16454: 16448: 16447: 16445: 16443: 16415: 16406: 16405: 16403: 16385: 16376:(3): 6126–6138. 16359: 16353: 16352: 16326: 16303: 16297: 16296: 16262: 16236: 16230: 16229: 16203: 16181: 16175: 16174: 16140: 16117: 16111: 16110: 16068: 16038: 16032: 16031: 16013: 15995: 15969: 15960: 15959: 15925: 15899: 15893: 15892: 15882: 15864: 15838: 15832: 15831: 15821: 15803: 15776: 15770: 15769: 15753: 15743: 15737: 15736: 15734: 15732: 15710: 15704: 15703: 15677: 15657: 15651: 15650: 15647:The Solar System 15639: 15633: 15632: 15626: 15618: 15600: 15589:Nature Astronomy 15584: 15578: 15577: 15575: 15557: 15533: 15527: 15526: 15524: 15522: 15512: 15494: 15468: 15462: 15461: 15459: 15457: 15447: 15429: 15403: 15397: 15396: 15394: 15392: 15386: 15383: 15378:. Archived from 15335: 15319: 15313: 15312: 15286: 15264: 15258: 15257: 15255: 15253: 15234: 15228: 15227: 15225: 15223: 15203: 15194: 15193: 15174:10.1038/35054508 15149: 15140: 15139: 15137: 15135: 15115: 15109: 15108: 15090: 15072: 15046: 15040: 15039: 15037: 15035: 15029: 14998: 14996:astro-ph/0201291 14989:(5): 2857–2861. 14978: 14969: 14963: 14962: 14960: 14958: 14939: 14933: 14932: 14914: 14882: 14876: 14875: 14853: 14847: 14846: 14844: 14842: 14833:. Archived from 14823: 14817: 14816: 14814: 14812: 14806: 14795: 14787: 14781: 14780: 14778: 14776: 14728: 14722: 14721: 14683: 14677: 14676: 14674: 14636: 14630: 14629: 14609: 14603: 14602: 14600: 14598: 14579: 14573: 14572: 14570: 14568: 14547: 14541: 14540: 14514: 14479: 14473: 14472: 14454: 14436: 14410: 14404: 14403: 14401: 14399: 14380: 14374: 14373: 14371: 14369: 14321: 14315: 14314: 14304: 14255: 14249: 14248: 14246: 14244: 14229:"The Heliopedia" 14224: 14218: 14216: 14214: 14212: 14207:on 8 August 2017 14206: 14200:. Archived from 14181: 14172: 14161: 14160: 14158: 14156: 14137:"Sedna – 2003 VB 14132: 14126: 14125: 14115: 14097: 14067: 14061: 14060: 14050: 14032: 14008: 13995: 13994: 13984: 13966: 13936: 13930: 13929: 13927: 13895: 13889: 13888: 13837: 13831: 13830: 13828: 13826: 13807: 13801: 13800: 13798: 13796: 13776: 13770: 13769: 13767: 13765: 13759: 13742: 13731: 13725: 13724: 13674: 13668: 13667: 13657: 13639: 13613: 13607: 13606: 13604: 13602: 13589:(5 April 2008). 13583: 13577: 13576: 13574: 13572: 13563:. 19 July 2009. 13553: 13547: 13546: 13536: 13504: 13498: 13497: 13495: 13493: 13474: 13468: 13467: 13465: 13463: 13447: 13441: 13440: 13438: 13436: 13400: 13394: 13393: 13391: 13389: 13374:Michael E. Brown 13370: 13364: 13363: 13361: 13359: 13344: 13338: 13337: 13335: 13333: 13327: 13298: 13286: 13275: 13274: 13272: 13270: 13251: 13245: 13244: 13242: 13240: 13234: 13228:. Archived from 13201: 13192: 13186: 13185: 13157: 13151: 13150: 13132: 13111: 13105: 13104: 13102: 13100: 13094: 13063: 13054: 13048: 13047: 13021: 13019:astro-ph/0309251 12998: 12992: 12991: 12989: 12987: 12981: 12950: 12948:astro-ph/0301458 12930: 12921: 12915: 12914: 12912: 12910: 12904: 12873: 12871:astro-ph/0510029 12853: 12841: 12835: 12834: 12833:on 7 April 2019. 12829:. Archived from 12796: 12791: 12787:(229762) 2007 UK 12780: 12771: 12770: 12754: 12744: 12735: 12734: 12732: 12730: 12707: 12701: 12700: 12658: 12636: 12630: 12629: 12619: 12617:astro-ph/0702538 12602: 12596: 12595: 12593: 12591: 12582:. Archived from 12571: 12565: 12564: 12562: 12560: 12554: 12505: 12497:Shoemaker, E. M. 12492: 12486: 12485: 12483: 12481: 12462: 12456: 12455: 12425: 12419: 12418: 12392: 12390:astro-ph/0410059 12372: 12366: 12365: 12337: 12331: 12330: 12291: 12285: 12284: 12282: 12280: 12264: 12258: 12257: 12255: 12253: 12247: 12216: 12214:astro-ph/0703059 12198: 12189: 12180: 12179: 12153: 12144: 12135: 12134: 12132: 12130: 12119: 12113: 12112: 12110: 12108: 12093: 12087: 12086: 12084: 12082: 12062: 12053: 12052: 12050: 12048: 12042: 11995: 11986: 11980: 11979: 11933: 11927: 11926: 11924: 11922: 11903: 11897: 11896: 11894: 11888:. Archived from 11873: 11864: 11858: 11857: 11855: 11853: 11844:. Archived from 11842:Brown University 11833: 11827: 11826: 11782: 11776: 11775: 11731: 11725: 11724: 11722: 11720: 11692: 11686: 11685: 11662:(9th ed.). 11655: 11649: 11648: 11620: 11611: 11610: 11608: 11606: 11601:on 26 March 2009 11600: 11594:. Archived from 11589: 11580: 11574: 11573: 11571: 11569: 11550: 11544: 11543: 11541: 11539: 11514:(2–3): 143–151. 11499: 11490: 11489: 11487: 11485: 11466: 11460: 11459: 11457: 11425: 11419: 11418: 11392: 11372: 11366: 11365: 11363: 11345: 11336:(2): 1561–1568. 11317: 11311: 11310: 11264: 11258: 11257: 11255: 11253: 11234: 11228: 11227: 11219: 11213: 11212: 11192: 11186: 11185: 11183: 11181: 11172:. Archived from 11166: 11160: 11159: 11157: 11155: 11145: 11129: 11123: 11122: 11078: 11072: 11071: 11069: 11037: 11031: 11030: 11028: 11026: 11007: 11001: 11000: 10998: 10996: 10973: 10964: 10963: 10961: 10959: 10949: 10933: 10927: 10926: 10924: 10922: 10913:. 6 April 2017. 10903: 10897: 10896: 10894: 10892: 10872: 10866: 10865: 10863: 10861: 10855: 10849:. Vol. 12. 10844: 10835: 10829: 10828: 10804:Nature Astronomy 10797: 10791: 10790: 10780: 10748: 10742: 10741: 10738: 10732: 10730: 10715: 10709: 10708: 10706: 10704: 10698: 10683: 10652:Nature Astronomy 10649: 10640: 10634: 10633: 10631: 10629: 10613: 10607: 10606: 10604: 10602: 10562: 10556: 10555: 10553: 10551: 10532: 10526: 10525: 10507: 10490:(6): 2869–2886. 10475: 10469: 10468: 10466: 10464: 10458: 10452:. Archived from 10425: 10416: 10410: 10409: 10389: 10383: 10382: 10380: 10378: 10369:. Archived from 10352: 10346: 10345: 10343: 10341: 10326: 10320: 10319: 10317: 10315: 10309: 10282: 10273: 10267: 10266: 10264: 10262: 10243: 10234: 10233: 10231: 10229: 10219: 10201: 10175: 10169: 10168: 10142: 10122: 10116: 10115: 10085: 10079: 10066: 10060: 10059: 10057: 10055: 10013: 9988: 9982: 9981: 9979: 9977: 9968:. Archived from 9958: 9952: 9951: 9949: 9947: 9932: 9926: 9925: 9920: 9918: 9899: 9893: 9892: 9886: 9884: 9869: 9863: 9862: 9860: 9858: 9853:on 22 April 2009 9837: 9831: 9830: 9828: 9826: 9804: 9798: 9792: 9791: 9787: 9785: 9783: 9774:. Archived from 9763: 9757: 9756: 9720: 9714: 9708: 9707: 9677: 9671: 9670: 9668: 9666: 9661:on 14 March 2020 9657:. Archived from 9646: 9640: 9639: 9631: 9625: 9624: 9622: 9620: 9601: 9595: 9594: 9592: 9590: 9565:: news040503–6. 9554: 9548: 9547: 9545: 9512: 9506: 9505: 9503: 9501: 9481: 9475: 9474: 9472: 9470: 9450: 9444: 9443: 9421: 9415: 9414: 9412: 9410: 9395: 9389: 9388: 9363: 9338: 9332: 9331: 9329: 9327: 9313: 9307: 9306: 9304: 9302: 9274: 9268: 9267: 9265: 9263: 9244: 9238: 9237: 9235: 9233: 9213: 9207: 9206: 9204: 9202: 9182: 9176: 9175: 9173: 9171: 9166:on 8 August 2010 9155: 9149: 9148: 9146: 9144: 9138: 9133:. Archived from 9117: 9111: 9110: 9090: 9084: 9083: 9081: 9079: 9064: 9058: 9057: 9055: 9053: 9034: 9028: 9027: 9025: 8993: 8987: 8986: 8984: 8982: 8976: 8970:. Archived from 8965: 8956: 8950: 8949: 8947: 8945: 8939: 8932: 8921: 8915: 8914: 8912: 8910: 8904: 8880:10.1038/ngeo2971 8857: 8848: 8842: 8841: 8839: 8837: 8818: 8812: 8811: 8782:(1–4): 161–186. 8771: 8765: 8764: 8738: 8709: 8703: 8702: 8700: 8698: 8682: 8676: 8675: 8673: 8671: 8665: 8659:. Archived from 8649:2060/20020090713 8634: 8608: 8600:Solomon, Sean C. 8592: 8583: 8582: 8565:(3–4): 283–296. 8553: 8547: 8546: 8544: 8542: 8494: 8485: 8484: 8464: 8444: 8438: 8437: 8435: 8433: 8414: 8408: 8407: 8405: 8371: 8365: 8364: 8362: 8360: 8341: 8335: 8334: 8332: 8330: 8286: 8280: 8279: 8277: 8275: 8255: 8249: 8248: 8246: 8244: 8224: 8213: 8212: 8210: 8208: 8172: 8166: 8165: 8147: 8129: 8127:astro-ph/0012399 8107: 8101: 8100: 8098: 8064: 8058: 8057: 8031: 8010: 8004: 8003: 8001: 7999: 7980: 7974: 7973: 7971: 7969: 7950: 7944: 7943: 7923: 7913: 7907: 7906: 7904: 7870: 7864: 7863: 7861: 7859: 7844: 7838: 7837: 7811: 7809:astro-ph/0404240 7789: 7783: 7782: 7756: 7734: 7728: 7727: 7709: 7691: 7660: 7654: 7653: 7651: 7649: 7621: 7615: 7614: 7588: 7566: 7551: 7540: 7538: 7536: 7508: 7502: 7501: 7499: 7497: 7492:on 10 April 2015 7488:. Archived from 7475: 7469: 7468: 7438: 7432: 7431: 7429: 7427: 7406: 7400: 7399: 7397: 7395: 7380: 7374: 7373: 7371: 7369: 7364:on 12 April 2011 7354: 7348: 7347: 7345: 7343: 7334:. Archived from 7323: 7317: 7316: 7314: 7312: 7292: 7286: 7285: 7241: 7235: 7234: 7232: 7230: 7197:(7): 1014–1023. 7182: 7176: 7175: 7173: 7171: 7151: 7145: 7144: 7118: 7096: 7090: 7089: 7063: 7041: 7035: 7034: 7008: 6999: 6998: 6996: 6994: 6966: 6960: 6959: 6933: 6931:astro-ph/0111600 6913: 6907: 6906: 6867: 6858: 6857: 6818: 6809: 6808: 6806: 6804: 6768: 6762: 6761: 6759: 6757: 6691: 6685: 6684: 6682: 6680: 6664: 6658: 6657: 6655: 6653: 6633: 6627: 6626: 6596: 6590: 6589: 6559: 6553: 6552: 6503: 6494: 6493: 6469: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6458: 6438: 6429: 6428: 6426: 6424: 6419:on 4 August 2011 6408: 6402: 6401: 6399: 6397: 6375: 6373: 6371: 6356: 6350: 6349: 6316:Krasinsky, G. A. 6312: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6298: 6292: 6286:. Archived from 6281: 6272: 6261: 6260: 6258: 6256:astro-ph/0512256 6246: 6240: 6239: 6237: 6220:(1): 1.12–1.19. 6203: 6197: 6196: 6194: 6192: 6177: 6171: 6170: 6168: 6166: 6155: 6149: 6148: 6146: 6144: 6102: 6087:Nature Astronomy 6078: 6072: 6071: 6069: 6067: 6048: 6042: 6041: 6039: 6029: 6003: 5997: 5996: 5986: 5968: 5942: 5931: 5930: 5928: 5926: 5916: 5898: 5889:(3): 6126–6138. 5872: 5866: 5865: 5855: 5845: 5813: 5807: 5806: 5770: 5750: 5744: 5743: 5733: 5701: 5695: 5694: 5656: 5650: 5649: 5623: 5601: 5595: 5594: 5558: 5549: 5548: 5522: 5520:astro-ph/0104292 5496: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5485: 5479: 5460: 5451: 5445: 5444: 5426: 5411: 5410: 5384: 5382:astro-ph/0501592 5362: 5356: 5355: 5353: 5351: 5322: 5316: 5315: 5269: 5263: 5262: 5241: 5221: 5215: 5214: 5198: 5189: 5188: 5186: 5184: 5167:Zabludoff, Ann. 5164: 5153: 5152: 5112: 5106: 5105: 5095: 5063: 5057: 5056: 5054: 5052: 5033: 5027: 5026: 5024: 5022: 5011:science.nasa.gov 5003: 4994: 4993: 4983: 4965: 4956:(2): 1105–1114. 4939: 4933: 4932: 4930: 4920: 4911:(4): 4287–4297. 4894: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4883: 4843: 4834: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4820:. Archived from 4809: 4803: 4802: 4792: 4764: 4755: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4740: 4722: 4696: 4690: 4689: 4663: 4661:astro-ph/0301458 4641: 4635: 4634: 4632: 4630: 4624:science.nasa.gov 4615: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4585: 4568: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4544: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4533: 4514: 4508: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4484: 4478: 4477: 4475: 4473: 4458: 4452: 4451: 4449: 4447: 4428: 4422: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4397: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4346: 4340: 4339: 4337: 4335: 4316: 4307: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4287: 4281: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4257: 4251: 4250: 4216: 4196: 4174: 4170: 4161: 4154: 4148: 4137: 4131: 4124: 4118: 4074: 4068: 4062: 4060: 4059: 4054: 4052: 4051: 4035: 4033: 4032: 4027: 4025: 4024: 4008: 4006: 4005: 4000: 3998: 3997: 3981: 3979: 3978: 3973: 3971: 3970: 3953: 3952: 3950: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3938: 3917: 3916: 3892: 3891: 3879: 3878: 3857: 3856: 3835: 3834: 3787: 3785: 3784: 3779: 3766: 3757: 3755: 3754: 3753: 3746: 3731: 3722: 3707: 3654: 3652:Astronomy portal 3649: 3648: 3647: 3640: 3635: 3634: 3633: 3626: 3621: 3620: 3619: 3528:stellar parallax 3524:Friedrich Bessel 3429:transit of Venus 3368:Late Middle Ages 3338:Shiva hypothesis 3276:Orion–Cygnus Arm 3250:Orbit of the Sun 3231: 3227: 3138:Proxima Centauri 3066:G. A. Chebotarev 3058: 3050: 3046: 3042: 2953: 2949: 2775:relative to the 2722:inner Oort cloud 2619: 2618: 2469: 2468: 2458: 2457: 2309: 2308: 2244: 2243: 2137: 2136: 2107:, consisting of 2056: 2055: 2040:hydrogen sulfide 1881: 1880: 1864:activity, where 1851: 1850: 1804: 1742: 1741: 1650: 1649: 1563: 1562: 1544:greenhouse gases 1537: 1536: 1503: 1502: 1415: 1355: 1319:planetary system 1122:Earth's diameter 1064: 1060: 1033:angular momentum 1026:numerical models 864:heavier elements 860:planetary nebula 726: 713:pre-solar nebula 663:Proxima Centauri 660: 408:24,000–28,000 ly 343: 327: 303:Planetary system 108:Proxima Centauri 85:Orion–Cygnus Arm 76: 38: 31: 27: 23115: 23114: 23110: 23109: 23108: 23106: 23105: 23104: 23075: 23074: 23073: 23063: 23061: 23049: 23039: 23037: 23027: 23025: 23015: 23013: 23005: 23003: 22998: 22967: 22911:(Akaa, Finland) 22897: 22888: 22840: 22835: 22805: 22800: 22788: 22770: 22695: 22664:Milky Way novae 22600:Smallest volume 22544: 22525:Radial velocity 22448: 22442: 22394:Common envelope 22370: 22269: 22238:Helioseismology 22209:Bipolar outflow 22150:Microturbulence 22145:Convection zone 22126: 22020:Lithium burning 22007:Nucleosynthesis 21997: 21879: 21788: 21515: 21394: 21343:Molecular cloud 21324: 21311: 21306: 21276: 21263: 21257: 21236: 21216: 21207: 21169: 21163: 21150: 21137: 21124: 21114: 21101: 21100: 21093: 21068:red dwarf 21057: 21050:Alpha Centauri 21039: 21020: 21011: 20990: 20971: 20954: 20945: 20936: 20906: 20901: 20889: 20877: 20869: 20862: 20853: 20846: 20841:X-ray telescope 20839: 20832: 20823: 20816: 20809: 20802: 20795: 20788: 20781: 20774: 20767: 20760: 20751: 20744: 20737: 20730: 20721: 20714: 20707: 20700: 20693: 20686: 20679: 20672: 20661: 20654: 20647: 20640: 20633: 20626: 20619: 20612: 20605: 20598: 20591: 20584: 20576: 20565: 20558: 20549: 20542: 20535: 20528: 20521: 20514: 20507: 20500: 20493: 20486: 20479: 20472: 20465: 20452: 20447:Multi-messenger 20445: 20438: 20431: 20424: 20417: 20410: 20403: 20392: 20385: 20376: 20369: 20362: 20355: 20352: 20343: 20338: 20331: 20324: 20313: 20304: 20297: 20286: 20275: 20270:Space telescope 20268: 20261: 20254: 20247: 20229: 20222: 20215: 20208: 20201: 20194: 20185: 20178: 20171: 20163: 20158: 20128: 20123: 20117: 20115: 20114: 20108: 20101: 20094: 20087: 20081: 20075: 20069: 20062: 20055: 20048: 20041: 20034: 20027: 20012: 20010: 20000: 19998: 19988: 19986: 19973: 19964: 19928: 19865: 19849:vs. Hill sphere 19775:Molecular cloud 19703:Sample curation 19683:Detached object 19622: 19615: 19459: 19451: 19388: 19375: 19320:Neptune trojans 19103: 19101: 19099: 19092: 19034: 18727: 18598: 18580: 18466: 18429: 18422: 18417: 18387: 18377: 18372: 18370: 18360: 18355: 18353: 18343: 18338: 18336: 18332:from Wikisource 18326: 18321: 18319: 18309: 18304: 18302: 18292: 18287: 18285: 18275: 18270: 18268: 18264:from Wiktionary 18258: 18253: 18251: 18248: 18244:sister projects 18241:at Knowledge's 18200: 18197: 18196: 18195: 18175: 18174: 18170: 18163: 18162: 18151: 18145: 18143: 18140:This audio file 18137: 18130: 18121: 18118: 18112: 18108: 18107: 18103: 18100: 18095: 18094: 18084: 18082: 18072: 18068: 18058: 18056: 18044: 18040: 18030: 18028: 18016: 18012: 18005: 17982: 17978: 17968: 17966: 17961: 17960: 17956: 17946: 17944: 17936: 17935: 17931: 17921: 17919: 17907: 17903: 17893: 17891: 17873: 17869: 17859: 17857: 17844: 17843: 17839: 17829: 17827: 17812: 17808: 17798: 17796: 17781: 17777: 17767: 17765: 17756: 17755: 17751: 17741: 17739: 17724: 17720: 17686: 17682: 17672: 17670: 17609: 17605: 17598: 17582: 17578: 17539: 17535: 17525: 17523: 17519: 17480: 17474: 17470: 17460: 17458: 17451: 17428: 17424: 17414: 17412: 17405: 17379: 17375: 17362: 17360: 17336: 17308: 17306: 17291: 17287: 17283: 17250: 17246: 17236: 17234: 17221: 17220: 17216: 17206: 17204: 17153: 17149: 17126: 17122: 17112: 17110: 17095: 17079: 17075: 17068: 17054:Wiley-Blackwell 17042: 17038: 17017: 17013: 17003: 17001: 16994: 16978: 16974: 16964: 16962: 16907: 16903: 16893: 16891: 16838: 16834: 16824: 16822: 16807: 16798: 16788: 16786: 16725: 16721: 16670: 16666: 16656: 16654: 16639: 16623: 16619: 16609: 16607: 16592: 16588: 16547: 16543: 16510: 16506: 16455: 16451: 16441: 16439: 16432: 16416: 16409: 16360: 16356: 16304: 16300: 16237: 16233: 16182: 16178: 16118: 16114: 16039: 16035: 15970: 15963: 15900: 15896: 15839: 15835: 15777: 15773: 15766: 15744: 15740: 15730: 15728: 15711: 15707: 15658: 15654: 15640: 15636: 15620: 15619: 15585: 15581: 15534: 15530: 15520: 15518: 15469: 15465: 15455: 15453: 15404: 15400: 15390: 15388: 15384: 15333: 15320: 15316: 15270:Physics Reports 15265: 15261: 15251: 15249: 15236: 15235: 15231: 15221: 15219: 15204: 15197: 15150: 15143: 15133: 15131: 15116: 15112: 15047: 15043: 15033: 15031: 15027: 14976: 14970: 14966: 14956: 14954: 14941: 14940: 14936: 14883: 14879: 14872: 14854: 14850: 14840: 14838: 14825: 14824: 14820: 14810: 14808: 14804: 14793: 14789: 14788: 14784: 14774: 14772: 14729: 14725: 14684: 14680: 14637: 14633: 14610: 14606: 14596: 14594: 14581: 14580: 14576: 14566: 14564: 14548: 14544: 14480: 14476: 14411: 14407: 14397: 14395: 14382: 14381: 14377: 14367: 14365: 14322: 14318: 14256: 14252: 14242: 14240: 14225: 14221: 14210: 14208: 14204: 14179: 14173: 14164: 14154: 14152: 14140: 14133: 14129: 14075: 14068: 14064: 14009: 13998: 13944: 13937: 13933: 13896: 13892: 13838: 13834: 13824: 13822: 13809: 13808: 13804: 13794: 13792: 13777: 13773: 13763: 13761: 13757: 13751: 13740: 13732: 13728: 13675: 13671: 13614: 13610: 13600: 13598: 13584: 13580: 13570: 13568: 13555: 13554: 13550: 13505: 13501: 13491: 13489: 13476: 13475: 13471: 13461: 13459: 13448: 13444: 13434: 13432: 13417: 13401: 13397: 13387: 13385: 13371: 13367: 13357: 13355: 13346: 13345: 13341: 13331: 13329: 13325: 13311: 13296: 13287: 13278: 13268: 13266: 13253: 13252: 13248: 13238: 13236: 13232: 13199: 13193: 13189: 13158: 13154: 13112: 13108: 13098: 13096: 13092: 13061: 13055: 13051: 12999: 12995: 12985: 12983: 12979: 12928: 12922: 12918: 12908: 12906: 12902: 12851: 12842: 12838: 12794: 12790: 12786: 12781: 12774: 12767: 12745: 12738: 12728: 12726: 12708: 12704: 12649:(7494): 72–75. 12637: 12633: 12610:. p. 161. 12603: 12599: 12589: 12587: 12572: 12568: 12558: 12556: 12552: 12503: 12493: 12489: 12479: 12477: 12464: 12463: 12459: 12426: 12422: 12373: 12369: 12338: 12334: 12295:Esposito, L. W. 12292: 12288: 12278: 12276: 12265: 12261: 12251: 12249: 12245: 12196: 12190: 12183: 12151: 12145: 12138: 12128: 12126: 12121: 12120: 12116: 12106: 12104: 12095: 12094: 12090: 12080: 12078: 12063: 12056: 12046: 12044: 12040: 11993: 11987: 11983: 11934: 11930: 11920: 11918: 11905: 11904: 11900: 11892: 11886: 11871: 11865: 11861: 11851: 11849: 11834: 11830: 11783: 11779: 11732: 11728: 11718: 11716: 11709: 11693: 11689: 11674: 11666:. p. 240. 11656: 11652: 11621: 11614: 11604: 11602: 11598: 11587: 11581: 11577: 11567: 11565: 11552: 11551: 11547: 11537: 11535: 11500: 11493: 11483: 11481: 11468: 11467: 11463: 11426: 11422: 11373: 11369: 11325: 11318: 11314: 11265: 11261: 11251: 11249: 11236: 11235: 11231: 11220: 11216: 11193: 11189: 11179: 11177: 11168: 11167: 11163: 11153: 11151: 11130: 11126: 11079: 11075: 11038: 11034: 11024: 11022: 11009: 11008: 11004: 10994: 10992: 10974: 10967: 10957: 10955: 10934: 10930: 10920: 10918: 10905: 10904: 10900: 10890: 10888: 10873: 10869: 10859: 10857: 10853: 10842: 10836: 10832: 10798: 10794: 10749: 10745: 10736: 10728: 10726: 10717: 10716: 10712: 10702: 10700: 10696: 10647: 10641: 10637: 10627: 10625: 10614: 10610: 10600: 10598: 10563: 10559: 10549: 10547: 10534: 10533: 10529: 10476: 10472: 10462: 10460: 10456: 10423: 10417: 10413: 10390: 10386: 10376: 10374: 10353: 10349: 10339: 10337: 10328: 10327: 10323: 10313: 10311: 10307: 10280: 10274: 10270: 10260: 10258: 10245: 10244: 10237: 10227: 10225: 10176: 10172: 10123: 10119: 10086: 10082: 10076:Wayback Machine 10067: 10063: 10053: 10051: 9989: 9985: 9975: 9973: 9960: 9959: 9955: 9945: 9943: 9934: 9933: 9929: 9916: 9914: 9909:. 6 June 2023. 9901: 9900: 9896: 9882: 9880: 9871: 9870: 9866: 9856: 9854: 9839: 9838: 9834: 9824: 9822: 9805: 9801: 9789: 9781: 9779: 9764: 9760: 9721: 9717: 9705: 9701:Wayback Machine 9690:Wayback Machine 9678: 9674: 9664: 9662: 9647: 9643: 9632: 9628: 9618: 9616: 9603: 9602: 9598: 9588: 9586: 9555: 9551: 9513: 9509: 9499: 9497: 9482: 9478: 9468: 9466: 9451: 9447: 9440: 9422: 9418: 9408: 9406: 9405:on 8 March 2010 9397: 9396: 9392: 9342:Metzger, Philip 9339: 9335: 9325: 9323: 9315: 9314: 9310: 9300: 9298: 9291: 9275: 9271: 9261: 9259: 9246: 9245: 9241: 9231: 9229: 9214: 9210: 9200: 9198: 9183: 9179: 9169: 9167: 9160:"Climate Zones" 9156: 9152: 9142: 9140: 9118: 9114: 9107: 9091: 9087: 9077: 9075: 9074:on 8 April 2010 9066: 9065: 9061: 9051: 9049: 9036: 9035: 9031: 8994: 8990: 8980: 8978: 8977:on 14 June 2007 8974: 8963: 8957: 8953: 8943: 8941: 8940:on 14 June 2007 8937: 8930: 8922: 8918: 8908: 8906: 8902: 8855: 8849: 8845: 8835: 8833: 8820: 8819: 8815: 8772: 8768: 8736:10.1.1.676.5383 8710: 8706: 8696: 8694: 8683: 8679: 8669: 8667: 8666:on 21 July 2018 8663: 8632:10.1.1.715.4402 8617:(4503): 62–76. 8606: 8593: 8586: 8554: 8550: 8540: 8538: 8495: 8488: 8481: 8449:Schaefer, Laura 8445: 8441: 8431: 8429: 8416: 8415: 8411: 8372: 8368: 8358: 8356: 8343: 8342: 8338: 8328: 8326: 8311: 8287: 8283: 8273: 8271: 8256: 8252: 8242: 8240: 8225: 8216: 8206: 8204: 8189: 8173: 8169: 8145:10.1.1.254.7940 8108: 8104: 8065: 8061: 8011: 8007: 7997: 7995: 7982: 7981: 7977: 7967: 7965: 7952: 7951: 7947: 7940: 7914: 7910: 7871: 7867: 7857: 7855: 7846: 7845: 7841: 7790: 7786: 7735: 7731: 7661: 7657: 7647: 7645: 7622: 7618: 7567: 7554: 7549:Wayback Machine 7534: 7532: 7525: 7509: 7505: 7495: 7493: 7476: 7472: 7439: 7435: 7425: 7423: 7407: 7403: 7393: 7391: 7390:on 15 July 2010 7382: 7381: 7377: 7367: 7365: 7356: 7355: 7351: 7341: 7339: 7338:on 10 July 2016 7324: 7320: 7310: 7308: 7293: 7289: 7242: 7238: 7228: 7226: 7183: 7179: 7169: 7167: 7152: 7148: 7097: 7093: 7042: 7038: 7031: 7009: 7002: 6992: 6990: 6983: 6967: 6963: 6914: 6910: 6895: 6868: 6861: 6846: 6826:Apostol, Tom M. 6819: 6812: 6802: 6800: 6785: 6769: 6765: 6755: 6753: 6692: 6688: 6678: 6676: 6665: 6661: 6651: 6649: 6634: 6630: 6615: 6597: 6593: 6560: 6556: 6504: 6497: 6490: 6470: 6466: 6456: 6454: 6439: 6432: 6422: 6420: 6409: 6405: 6395: 6393: 6369: 6367: 6358: 6357: 6353: 6313: 6306: 6296: 6294: 6290: 6279: 6273: 6264: 6247: 6243: 6204: 6200: 6190: 6188: 6179: 6178: 6174: 6164: 6162: 6157: 6156: 6152: 6142: 6140: 6079: 6075: 6065: 6063: 6056:cfa.harvard.edu 6050: 6049: 6045: 6004: 6000: 5943: 5934: 5924: 5922: 5873: 5869: 5814: 5810: 5795: 5751: 5747: 5702: 5698: 5657: 5653: 5621:astroph/0306477 5602: 5598: 5559: 5552: 5497: 5493: 5483: 5481: 5477: 5458: 5452: 5448: 5441: 5427: 5414: 5363: 5359: 5349: 5347: 5340: 5324: 5323: 5319: 5282:(5706): 68–71. 5270: 5266: 5222: 5218: 5199: 5192: 5182: 5180: 5165: 5156: 5141:10.1038/NGEO941 5113: 5109: 5064: 5060: 5050: 5048: 5035: 5034: 5030: 5020: 5018: 5005: 5004: 4997: 4940: 4936: 4895: 4891: 4881: 4879: 4844: 4837: 4827: 4825: 4824:on 11 June 2020 4810: 4806: 4790:10.1.1.575.5091 4765: 4758: 4748: 4746: 4697: 4693: 4642: 4638: 4628: 4626: 4616: 4612: 4602: 4600: 4587: 4586: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4571: 4561: 4559: 4546: 4545: 4541: 4531: 4529: 4516: 4515: 4511: 4501: 4499: 4486: 4485: 4481: 4471: 4469: 4460: 4459: 4455: 4445: 4443: 4430: 4429: 4425: 4415: 4413: 4398: 4379: 4368: 4366: 4347: 4343: 4333: 4331: 4318: 4317: 4310: 4300: 4298: 4289: 4288: 4284: 4274: 4272: 4259: 4258: 4254: 4197: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4177: 4171: 4164: 4155: 4151: 4138: 4134: 4125: 4121: 4115:Wayback Machine 4096:Wayback Machine 4075: 4071: 4047: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4037: 4020: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4010: 3993: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3983: 3966: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3956: 3954: 3934: 3930: 3912: 3908: 3887: 3883: 3874: 3870: 3852: 3848: 3830: 3826: 3803: 3800: 3799: 3798: 3797: 3773: 3770: 3769: 3767: 3760: 3751: 3749: 3748: 3744: 3742: 3732: 3725: 3708: 3704: 3699: 3650: 3645: 3643: 3636: 3631: 3629: 3622: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3593:Artemis program 3544:Albert Einstein 3452:rings of Saturn 3417:Pierre Gassendi 3403:Johannes Kepler 3356: 3350: 3310:Galactic Center 3252: 3238: 3229: 3225: 3109:Diagram of the 3103: 3091:Main articles: 3089: 3056: 3049:100,000 AU 3048: 3044: 3041:125,000 AU 3040: 2974: 2960: 2951: 2947: 2896: 2884:Main articles: 2882: 2837:Comet Hale–Bopp 2830: 2824: 2819: 2773:peculiar motion 2749: 2687:semi-major axes 2674:distant objects 2654: 2648: 2616: 2615: 2596: 2590: 2464: 2463: 2455: 2454: 2447: 2436:" belt and the 2402: 2396: 2376: 2351:semi-major axes 2347: 2341: 2304: 2303: 2239: 2238: 2186:Saturn's E ring 2132: 2131: 2051: 2050: 1991: 1985: 1960: 1948: 1941: 1934:Lagrange points 1924:Hilda asteroids 1917:asteroid family 1876: 1875: 1846: 1845: 1802: 1795: 1754:are those with 1735:asteroid groups 1732: 1731: 1712: 1706: 1645: 1644: 1606:plate tectonics 1590:climate regions 1558: 1557: 1532: 1531: 1498: 1497: 1493:and volcanoes. 1428: 1422: 1413: 1393: 1353: 1221: 1215: 1180:habitable zones 1172: 1140: 1134: 1079:Platonic solids 1071:Titius–Bode law 1062: 1058: 1046: 943: 914: 904: 876: 816: 724: 702:molecular cloud 686: 681: 675: 658: 637:. Around 75–90 458:molecular cloud 419: 409: 404:Galactic Center 403: 381:Galactic Center 339: 333:Semi-major axis 325: 265: 264: 196: 195: 128: 127: 95: 94: 72: 52: 51: 49: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 23113: 23103: 23102: 23097: 23092: 23087: 23072: 23071: 23059: 23047: 23045:Earth sciences 23035: 23023: 23000: 22999: 22997: 22996: 22991: 22986: 22981: 22975: 22973: 22969: 22968: 22966: 22965: 22960: 22954: 22948: 22945:Planet Lofoten 22942: 22936: 22930: 22924: 22921:Kystagerparken 22918: 22912: 22905: 22903: 22899: 22898: 22891: 22889: 22887: 22886: 22881: 22880: 22879: 22869: 22864: 22859: 22854: 22848: 22846: 22842: 22841: 22834: 22833: 22826: 22819: 22811: 22802: 22801: 22799: 22798: 22786: 22775: 22772: 22771: 22769: 22768: 22763: 22758: 22753: 22748: 22743: 22738: 22733: 22732: 22731: 22726: 22725: 22724: 22719: 22703: 22701: 22697: 22696: 22694: 22693: 22688: 22683: 22682: 22681: 22676: 22666: 22661: 22656: 22651: 22646: 22641: 22636: 22635: 22634: 22629: 22628: 22627: 22617: 22612: 22607: 22602: 22597: 22595:Largest volume 22592: 22587: 22582: 22572: 22571: 22570: 22565: 22554: 22552: 22546: 22545: 22543: 22542: 22537: 22532: 22527: 22522: 22521: 22520: 22515: 22510: 22500: 22495: 22490: 22485: 22480: 22479: 22478: 22473: 22468: 22463: 22452: 22450: 22444: 22443: 22441: 22440: 22435: 22434: 22433: 22428: 22423: 22413: 22408: 22407: 22406: 22401: 22396: 22391: 22380: 22378: 22372: 22371: 22369: 22368: 22363: 22358: 22353: 22348: 22343: 22338: 22333: 22328: 22323: 22318: 22313: 22308: 22306:Magnetic field 22303: 22298: 22293: 22288: 22283: 22277: 22275: 22271: 22270: 22268: 22267: 22262: 22257: 22252: 22247: 22242: 22241: 22240: 22230: 22229: 22228: 22223: 22216:Accretion disk 22213: 22212: 22211: 22206: 22196: 22195: 22194: 22192:Alfvén surface 22189: 22187:Stellar corona 22184: 22179: 22174: 22164: 22162:Radiation zone 22159: 22158: 22157: 22152: 22142: 22136: 22134: 22128: 22127: 22125: 22124: 22119: 22118: 22117: 22112: 22107: 22102: 22097: 22087: 22082: 22077: 22072: 22067: 22062: 22057: 22052: 22047: 22042: 22037: 22032: 22027: 22022: 22017: 22011: 22009: 22003: 22002: 21999: 21998: 21996: 21995: 21990: 21985: 21980: 21975: 21970: 21969: 21968: 21963: 21960: 21952: 21951: 21950: 21945: 21940: 21935: 21930: 21925: 21920: 21915: 21910: 21900: 21895: 21889: 21887: 21881: 21880: 21878: 21877: 21872: 21871: 21870: 21860: 21855: 21854: 21853: 21848: 21847: 21846: 21841: 21831: 21821: 21820: 21819: 21809: 21804: 21798: 21796: 21790: 21789: 21787: 21786: 21784:Blue straggler 21781: 21780: 21779: 21769: 21764: 21763: 21762: 21752: 21751: 21750: 21745: 21740: 21735: 21730: 21725: 21720: 21715: 21710: 21700: 21695: 21694: 21693: 21688: 21683: 21673: 21672: 21671: 21661: 21660: 21659: 21654: 21649: 21639: 21634: 21633: 21632: 21627: 21622: 21612: 21607: 21602: 21597: 21596: 21595: 21590: 21580: 21579: 21578: 21573: 21568: 21563: 21558: 21553: 21548: 21542:Main sequence 21540: 21535: 21529: 21523: 21521:Classification 21517: 21516: 21514: 21513: 21512: 21511: 21506: 21496: 21491: 21486: 21481: 21476: 21471: 21466: 21461: 21460: 21459: 21457:Protoplanetary 21449: 21444: 21443: 21442: 21437: 21427: 21426: 21425: 21415: 21410: 21404: 21402: 21396: 21395: 21393: 21392: 21387: 21382: 21377: 21376: 21375: 21370: 21365: 21360: 21350: 21345: 21340: 21334: 21332: 21326: 21325: 21323: 21322: 21316: 21313: 21312: 21305: 21304: 21297: 21290: 21282: 21273: 21272: 21269: 21268: 21265: 21264: 21262: 21261: 21254:WISE 0855−0714 21250: 21248: 21241: 21226: 21225: 21222: 21221: 21218: 21217: 21215: 21214: 21211: 21200: 21198: 21189: 21179: 21178: 21175: 21174: 21171: 21170: 21168: 21167: 21157: 21154: 21144: 21141: 21131: 21128: 21118: 21111:Barnard's Star 21107: 21105: 21095: 21094: 21092: 21091: 21073: 21066: 21063: 21062: 21061: 21048: 21037: 21030: 21028: 21022: 21021: 21019: 21018: 21015: 21004: 21002: 20993: 20981: 20980: 20977: 20976: 20973: 20972: 20963: 20947: 20946: 20935: 20934: 20927: 20920: 20912: 20903: 20902: 20900: 20899: 20887: 20874: 20871: 20870: 20868: 20867: 20860: 20859: 20858: 20851: 20844: 20830: 20829: 20828: 20821: 20814: 20807: 20793: 20786: 20779: 20772: 20765: 20758: 20757: 20756: 20742: 20735: 20728: 20719: 20712: 20705: 20698: 20691: 20688:Astrochemistry 20684: 20677: 20669: 20667: 20663: 20662: 20660: 20659: 20652: 20645: 20638: 20631: 20624: 20621:Hale Telescope 20617: 20610: 20603: 20596: 20589: 20581: 20579: 20571: 20570: 20567: 20566: 20564: 20563: 20556: 20555: 20554: 20540: 20533: 20526: 20519: 20512: 20505: 20498: 20491: 20484: 20477: 20470: 20462: 20460: 20454: 20453: 20451: 20450: 20443: 20436: 20429: 20422: 20415: 20408: 20400: 20398: 20394: 20393: 20391: 20390: 20383: 20382: 20381: 20367: 20360: 20354:Visible-light 20350: 20336: 20329: 20321: 20319: 20315: 20314: 20312: 20311: 20310: 20309: 20295: 20283: 20281: 20277: 20276: 20274: 20273: 20266: 20259: 20252: 20244: 20242: 20235: 20231: 20230: 20228: 20227: 20220: 20213: 20206: 20199: 20192: 20191: 20190: 20176: 20168: 20165: 20164: 20157: 20156: 20149: 20142: 20134: 20125: 20124: 20021: 20020: 20008: 19996: 19984: 19978: 19975: 19974: 19970: 19969: 19966: 19965: 19963: 19962: 19957: 19952: 19947: 19942: 19936: 19934: 19930: 19929: 19927: 19926: 19921: 19920: 19919: 19914: 19904: 19899: 19894: 19889: 19884: 19879: 19873: 19871: 19867: 19866: 19864: 19863: 19861:Scattered disc 19858: 19853: 19852: 19851: 19841: 19836: 19835: 19834: 19829: 19828: 19827: 19817: 19812: 19807: 19802: 19792: 19787: 19782: 19777: 19772: 19767: 19762: 19757: 19752: 19747: 19742: 19737: 19732: 19727: 19722: 19717: 19712: 19711: 19710: 19705: 19695: 19690: 19685: 19680: 19675: 19670: 19665: 19660: 19655: 19650: 19649: 19648: 19646:Excretion disk 19641:Accretion disk 19638: 19633: 19631:Star formation 19627: 19625: 19617: 19616: 19614: 19613: 19608: 19603: 19598: 19593: 19588: 19583: 19578: 19577: 19576: 19566: 19561: 19556: 19555: 19554: 19544: 19539: 19534: 19533: 19532: 19527: 19522: 19520:space stations 19512: 19511: 19510: 19505: 19495: 19494: 19493: 19488: 19483: 19473: 19467: 19465: 19453: 19452: 19450: 19449: 19444: 19439: 19434: 19429: 19424: 19419: 19414: 19409: 19404: 19399: 19393: 19391: 19380: 19377: 19376: 19374: 19373: 19368: 19367: 19366: 19361: 19359:Scattered disc 19356: 19351: 19346: 19345: 19344: 19339: 19324: 19323: 19322: 19317: 19307: 19306: 19305: 19300: 19295: 19290: 19285: 19280: 19275: 19270: 19265: 19255: 19250: 19245: 19244: 19243: 19238: 19233: 19228: 19227: 19226: 19221: 19211: 19206: 19201: 19191: 19190: 19189: 19184: 19179: 19174: 19169: 19164: 19159: 19154: 19146: 19141: 19140: 19139: 19134: 19124: 19119: 19114: 19108: 19106: 19094: 19093: 19091: 19090: 19085: 19080: 19075: 19070: 19065: 19060: 19050: 19044: 19042: 19036: 19035: 19033: 19032: 19031: 19030: 19020: 19019: 19018: 19008: 19007: 19006: 18996: 18995: 18994: 18984: 18983: 18982: 18977: 18967: 18966: 18965: 18960: 18955: 18950: 18945: 18935: 18934: 18933: 18923: 18922: 18921: 18916: 18911: 18906: 18896: 18895: 18894: 18889: 18884: 18879: 18874: 18869: 18859: 18858: 18857: 18852: 18847: 18842: 18837: 18832: 18827: 18822: 18817: 18812: 18802: 18801: 18800: 18795: 18790: 18785: 18780: 18770: 18769: 18768: 18763: 18753: 18752: 18751: 18746: 18737: 18735: 18729: 18728: 18726: 18725: 18724: 18723: 18718: 18713: 18708: 18703: 18698: 18693: 18688: 18683: 18673: 18672: 18671: 18670: 18669: 18664: 18654: 18653: 18652: 18647: 18632: 18631: 18630: 18625: 18620: 18615: 18604: 18602: 18585: 18582: 18581: 18579: 18578: 18571: 18564: 18557: 18550: 18543: 18536: 18529: 18522: 18517: 18512: 18507: 18502: 18495: 18490: 18485: 18480: 18475: 18427: 18424: 18423: 18416: 18415: 18408: 18401: 18393: 18386: 18385: 18368: 18351: 18349:from Wikibooks 18334: 18317: 18315:from Wikiquote 18300: 18283: 18266: 18237: 18235: 18234: 18229: 18224: 18219: 18214: 18194: 18193: 18188: 18183: 18177: 18176: 18165: 18164: 18152: 18138: 18131: 18119: 18102: 18101: 18099: 18098:External links 18096: 18093: 18092: 18066: 18038: 18010: 18003: 17987:, ed. (2010). 17985:Glenday, Craig 17976: 17954: 17929: 17901: 17867: 17837: 17806: 17775: 17749: 17718: 17696:(4): 361–364. 17680: 17623:(5): 454–458. 17603: 17597:978-1351020138 17596: 17576: 17549:(4): 377–387. 17533: 17491:(5): 335–348. 17468: 17449: 17422: 17404:978-0816524501 17403: 17373: 17371: 17370: 17343: 17320:"solar system" 17315: 17281: 17244: 17214: 17167:(2): 218–234. 17147: 17120: 17093: 17073: 17066: 17036: 17011: 16993:978-0300186611 16992: 16972: 16921:(4): 681–702. 16901: 16852:(3): 213–219. 16832: 16796: 16719: 16706:10.1086/424960 16682:(2): 872–884. 16664: 16637: 16617: 16586: 16557:(1): 221–238. 16541: 16504: 16491:10.1086/321556 16467:(1): 181–202. 16449: 16431:978-1107016385 16430: 16407: 16354: 16298: 16231: 16176: 16112: 16033: 15961: 15894: 15833: 15794:(2): L32:1–2. 15771: 15764: 15738: 15705: 15652: 15634: 15579: 15528: 15463: 15420:(1): 633–649. 15398: 15314: 15259: 15229: 15195: 15141: 15110: 15041: 15013:10.1086/339704 14964: 14934: 14877: 14870: 14848: 14818: 14782: 14723: 14678: 14657:(1): 316–324. 14631: 14604: 14574: 14542: 14474: 14405: 14375: 14316: 14250: 14219: 14162: 14138: 14127: 14073: 14062: 13996: 13942: 13931: 13910:(1): 331–334. 13890: 13855:(5831): 1585. 13832: 13802: 13771: 13750:978-0816527557 13749: 13726: 13669: 13608: 13578: 13548: 13499: 13469: 13442: 13415: 13395: 13365: 13339: 13309: 13276: 13246: 13235:on 7 June 2011 13187: 13168:(2): 851–862. 13152: 13106: 13049: 13012:(1): 113–124. 12993: 12965:10.1086/375207 12941:(1): 430–443. 12916: 12888:10.1086/501524 12864:(1): L43–L46. 12836: 12788: 12772: 12766:978-0120885893 12765: 12736: 12702: 12631: 12597: 12566: 12487: 12457: 12438:(1): 258–273. 12420: 12407:10.1086/426329 12367: 12332: 12286: 12259: 12181: 12136: 12114: 12088: 12054: 12004:(5713): 1234. 11981: 11928: 11898: 11884: 11859: 11828: 11777: 11726: 11708:978-0521410083 11707: 11687: 11672: 11650: 11612: 11575: 11545: 11491: 11461: 11455:10.1086/497571 11440:(6): 2900–11. 11420: 11367: 11323: 11312: 11259: 11229: 11214: 11187: 11161: 11124: 11073: 11052:(6): 841–853. 11032: 11002: 10965: 10928: 10911:Universe Today 10898: 10867: 10830: 10811:(2): 140–145. 10792: 10743: 10710: 10658:(6): 569–576. 10635: 10608: 10557: 10527: 10505:10.1086/429734 10470: 10436:(2): 338–347. 10411: 10400:(2): 757–765. 10384: 10347: 10321: 10268: 10235: 10192:(1): L49–L54. 10170: 10117: 10098:(1): 312–315. 10080: 10061: 9983: 9953: 9942:on 3 June 2009 9927: 9894: 9864: 9832: 9799: 9758: 9731:(1): 133–161. 9715: 9672: 9641: 9626: 9596: 9549: 9528:(3): 155–180. 9507: 9496:on 31 May 2010 9476: 9445: 9438: 9416: 9390: 9333: 9308: 9290:978-1009040334 9289: 9269: 9239: 9222:Universe Today 9208: 9177: 9150: 9112: 9105: 9085: 9059: 9029: 8988: 8951: 8916: 8843: 8813: 8766: 8704: 8677: 8596:Head, James W. 8584: 8548: 8509:(9): 786–792. 8486: 8480:978-0816540655 8479: 8439: 8409: 8366: 8336: 8309: 8281: 8250: 8214: 8187: 8167: 8120:(2): 307–313. 8102: 8096:10.1086/152434 8059: 8005: 7990:Solar Center. 7975: 7945: 7938: 7908: 7865: 7839: 7826:10.1086/423612 7802:(1): 497–507. 7784: 7729: 7655: 7616: 7552: 7523: 7503: 7470: 7433: 7401: 7375: 7349: 7318: 7287: 7258:10.1086/349957 7252:(2): 196–200. 7236: 7177: 7146: 7091: 7036: 7029: 7000: 6982:978-0429682803 6981: 6961: 6924:(1): 581–631. 6908: 6893: 6859: 6844: 6810: 6783: 6763: 6686: 6659: 6628: 6613: 6601:Donahue, Megan 6591: 6554: 6495: 6488: 6464: 6430: 6403: 6351: 6320:Pitjeva, E. V. 6304: 6262: 6241: 6198: 6172: 6150: 6093:(7): 580–584. 6073: 6043: 6020:(1): 117–128. 5998: 5959:(1): 155–163. 5932: 5867: 5808: 5793: 5745: 5696: 5651: 5596: 5550: 5537:10.1086/321795 5513:(2): 417–437. 5491: 5446: 5439: 5412: 5399:10.1086/429160 5357: 5339:978-0309041935 5338: 5317: 5264: 5232:(2). id. 146. 5216: 5190: 5154: 5127:(9): 637–641. 5107: 5058: 5028: 4995: 4934: 4889: 4835: 4804: 4756: 4691: 4678:10.1086/375207 4654:(1): 430–443. 4636: 4610: 4579: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4570: 4569: 4539: 4509: 4479: 4453: 4423: 4377: 4341: 4308: 4282: 4252: 4190: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4176: 4175: 4162: 4149: 4132: 4119: 4077:Capitalization 4069: 4050: 4046: 4023: 4019: 3996: 3992: 3969: 3965: 3942: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3926: 3923: 3920: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3904: 3901: 3898: 3895: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3844: 3841: 3838: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3822: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3807: 3792:and the north 3777: 3758: 3723: 3719:Scattered Disc 3701: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3694: 3693: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3656: 3655: 3641: 3627: 3611: 3608: 3589:Apollo program 3482:laws of motion 3460:solar parallax 3352:Main article: 3349: 3346: 3317:Sagittarius A* 3303:galactic plane 3237: 3234: 3226:50,000 AU 3172:Radcliffe Wave 3131:Sun-like stars 3123:Alpha Centauri 3088: 3085: 3057:70,000 AU 3045:50,000 AU 2959: 2956: 2943:zodiacal light 2881: 2878: 2826:Main article: 2823: 2820: 2818: 2815: 2802:fluid dynamics 2748: 2745: 2744: 2743: 2650:Main article: 2647: 2644: 2643: 2642: 2632: 2594:Scattered disc 2592:Main article: 2589: 2588:Scattered disc 2586: 2585: 2584: 2574: 2559: 2537: 2519: 2518: 2517: 2474:. Pluto has a 2472:ecliptic plane 2445: 2398:Main article: 2395: 2392: 2375: 2372: 2368:10199 Chariklo 2343:Main article: 2340: 2337: 2336: 2335: 2334: 2333: 2322: 2301: 2300: 2299: 2296: 2273: 2236: 2235: 2234: 2227: 2208: 2189: 2166: 2129: 2128: 2127: 2124: 2105:Galilean moons 2101: 2063:Great Red Spot 2044:carbon dioxide 1987:Main article: 1984: 1981: 1959: 1956: 1952:Jupiter trojan 1946: 1939: 1921: 1920: 1907: 1888:HED meteorites 1873: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1789: 1783: 1773: 1767: 1708:Main article: 1705: 1702: 1701: 1700: 1699: 1698: 1691: 1673:differentiated 1661:carbon dioxide 1657:white ice caps 1642: 1641: 1640: 1637:partial vacuum 1629:impact craters 1555: 1540:carbon dioxide 1529: 1424:Main article: 1421: 1418: 1416:from the Sun. 1392: 1389: 1381:magnetic poles 1379:seen near the 1307:galactic bulge 1217:Main article: 1214: 1211: 1171: 1168: 1136:Main article: 1133: 1130: 1065:from the Sun. 1045: 1042: 986:Halley's Comet 942: 939: 930:light pressure 903: 900: 875: 872: 815: 812: 793:proposes that 685: 682: 677:Main article: 674: 671: 633:, forming the 480:. Astronomers 444:system of the 432: 431: 425: 424:Orbital period 421: 420: 417: 415: 411: 410: 407: 405: 399: 398: 395: 392:galactic plane 384: 383: 376: 375: 372: 366: 365: 362: 356: 355: 352: 346: 345: 336: 329: 328: 323: 317: 316: 311: 305: 304: 300: 299: 296: 289: 288: 285: 278: 277: 274: 267: 266: 263: 262: 254: 249: 244: 239: 234: 229: 224: 219: 214: 208: 207: 205: 198: 197: 194: 193: 188: 183: 178: 173: 168: 163: 158: 152: 151: 149: 145: 144: 139: 135: 134: 130: 129: 126: 125: 122: 120:Alpha Centauri 117: 110: 104: 103: 101: 97: 96: 93: 92: 87: 82: 77: 69: 68: 66: 62: 61: 58: 54: 53: 40: 39: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 23112: 23101: 23098: 23096: 23095:Space science 23093: 23091: 23088: 23086: 23083: 23082: 23080: 23070: 23060: 23058: 23053: 23048: 23046: 23036: 23034: 23024: 23022: 23012: 23011: 23008: 22995: 22992: 22990: 22987: 22985: 22982: 22980: 22977: 22976: 22974: 22970: 22964: 22961: 22958: 22955: 22952: 22949: 22946: 22943: 22940: 22937: 22934: 22931: 22928: 22925: 22922: 22919: 22916: 22913: 22910: 22907: 22906: 22904: 22900: 22895: 22885: 22882: 22878: 22875: 22874: 22873: 22870: 22868: 22865: 22863: 22860: 22858: 22855: 22853: 22850: 22849: 22847: 22843: 22839: 22832: 22827: 22825: 22820: 22818: 22813: 22812: 22809: 22797: 22792: 22787: 22785: 22777: 22776: 22773: 22767: 22764: 22762: 22759: 22757: 22756:Intergalactic 22754: 22752: 22749: 22747: 22744: 22742: 22739: 22737: 22736:Galactic year 22734: 22730: 22727: 22723: 22720: 22718: 22715: 22714: 22713: 22710: 22709: 22708: 22705: 22704: 22702: 22698: 22692: 22689: 22687: 22684: 22680: 22677: 22675: 22672: 22671: 22670: 22667: 22665: 22662: 22660: 22657: 22655: 22652: 22650: 22647: 22645: 22642: 22640: 22637: 22633: 22630: 22626: 22623: 22622: 22621: 22618: 22616: 22615:Most luminous 22613: 22611: 22608: 22606: 22603: 22601: 22598: 22596: 22593: 22591: 22588: 22586: 22583: 22581: 22578: 22577: 22576: 22573: 22569: 22566: 22564: 22561: 22560: 22559: 22556: 22555: 22553: 22551: 22547: 22541: 22538: 22536: 22533: 22531: 22530:Proper motion 22528: 22526: 22523: 22519: 22516: 22514: 22511: 22509: 22506: 22505: 22504: 22501: 22499: 22496: 22494: 22493:Constellation 22491: 22489: 22486: 22484: 22481: 22477: 22474: 22472: 22469: 22467: 22464: 22462: 22461:Solar eclipse 22459: 22458: 22457: 22454: 22453: 22451: 22447:Earth-centric 22445: 22439: 22436: 22432: 22429: 22427: 22424: 22422: 22419: 22418: 22417: 22414: 22412: 22409: 22405: 22402: 22400: 22397: 22395: 22392: 22390: 22387: 22386: 22385: 22382: 22381: 22379: 22377: 22373: 22367: 22364: 22362: 22359: 22357: 22354: 22352: 22349: 22347: 22344: 22342: 22339: 22337: 22334: 22332: 22329: 22327: 22324: 22322: 22319: 22317: 22314: 22312: 22309: 22307: 22304: 22302: 22299: 22297: 22294: 22292: 22289: 22287: 22284: 22282: 22279: 22278: 22276: 22272: 22266: 22263: 22261: 22258: 22256: 22253: 22251: 22248: 22246: 22243: 22239: 22236: 22235: 22234: 22231: 22227: 22224: 22222: 22219: 22218: 22217: 22214: 22210: 22207: 22205: 22202: 22201: 22200: 22197: 22193: 22190: 22188: 22185: 22183: 22180: 22178: 22175: 22173: 22170: 22169: 22168: 22165: 22163: 22160: 22156: 22153: 22151: 22148: 22147: 22146: 22143: 22141: 22138: 22137: 22135: 22133: 22129: 22123: 22120: 22116: 22113: 22111: 22108: 22106: 22103: 22101: 22098: 22096: 22093: 22092: 22091: 22088: 22086: 22083: 22081: 22078: 22076: 22073: 22071: 22068: 22066: 22063: 22061: 22058: 22056: 22053: 22051: 22048: 22046: 22045:Alpha process 22043: 22041: 22038: 22036: 22033: 22031: 22028: 22026: 22023: 22021: 22018: 22016: 22013: 22012: 22010: 22008: 22004: 21994: 21991: 21989: 21986: 21984: 21981: 21979: 21976: 21974: 21971: 21967: 21964: 21961: 21959: 21956: 21955: 21953: 21949: 21946: 21944: 21941: 21939: 21936: 21934: 21931: 21929: 21926: 21924: 21921: 21919: 21916: 21914: 21911: 21909: 21906: 21905: 21904: 21901: 21899: 21896: 21894: 21891: 21890: 21888: 21886: 21882: 21876: 21873: 21869: 21866: 21865: 21864: 21861: 21859: 21856: 21852: 21849: 21845: 21842: 21840: 21837: 21836: 21835: 21832: 21830: 21827: 21826: 21825: 21822: 21818: 21817:Helium planet 21815: 21814: 21813: 21810: 21808: 21807:Parker's star 21805: 21803: 21800: 21799: 21797: 21795: 21791: 21785: 21782: 21778: 21775: 21774: 21773: 21770: 21768: 21765: 21761: 21758: 21757: 21756: 21753: 21749: 21746: 21744: 21741: 21739: 21738:Lambda Boötis 21736: 21734: 21731: 21729: 21726: 21724: 21721: 21719: 21716: 21714: 21711: 21709: 21706: 21705: 21704: 21701: 21699: 21696: 21692: 21689: 21687: 21684: 21682: 21679: 21678: 21677: 21674: 21670: 21667: 21666: 21665: 21662: 21658: 21655: 21653: 21650: 21648: 21645: 21644: 21643: 21640: 21638: 21635: 21631: 21628: 21626: 21623: 21621: 21618: 21617: 21616: 21613: 21611: 21608: 21606: 21603: 21601: 21598: 21594: 21591: 21589: 21586: 21585: 21584: 21581: 21577: 21574: 21572: 21569: 21567: 21564: 21562: 21559: 21557: 21554: 21552: 21549: 21547: 21544: 21543: 21541: 21539: 21536: 21534: 21531: 21530: 21527: 21524: 21522: 21518: 21510: 21507: 21505: 21504:Superluminous 21502: 21501: 21500: 21497: 21495: 21492: 21490: 21487: 21485: 21482: 21480: 21477: 21475: 21472: 21470: 21467: 21465: 21462: 21458: 21455: 21454: 21453: 21450: 21448: 21445: 21441: 21438: 21436: 21433: 21432: 21431: 21428: 21424: 21421: 21420: 21419: 21416: 21414: 21411: 21409: 21408:Main sequence 21406: 21405: 21403: 21401: 21397: 21391: 21388: 21386: 21385:Hayashi track 21383: 21381: 21378: 21374: 21371: 21369: 21366: 21364: 21361: 21359: 21356: 21355: 21354: 21351: 21349: 21346: 21344: 21341: 21339: 21336: 21335: 21333: 21331: 21327: 21321: 21318: 21317: 21314: 21310: 21303: 21298: 21296: 21291: 21289: 21284: 21283: 21280: 21255: 21252: 21251: 21249: 21245: 21242: 21240: 21239:rogue planets 21235: 21231: 21227: 21212: 21205: 21202: 21201: 21199: 21197: 21193: 21190: 21188: 21184: 21180: 21161: 21158: 21155: 21148: 21145: 21142: 21135: 21134:Lalande 21185 21132: 21129: 21122: 21119: 21112: 21109: 21108: 21106: 21104: 21096: 21090: 21086: 21082: 21078: 21074: 21071: 21067: 21064: 21055: 21052: 21051: 21049: 21046: 21038: 21035: 21032: 21031: 21029: 21027: 21023: 21016: 21009: 21006: 21005: 21003: 21001: 20997: 20994: 20992: 20989:Main-sequence 20986: 20982: 20967: 20964: 20961: 20952: 20948: 20944: 20941: 20933: 20928: 20926: 20921: 20919: 20914: 20913: 20910: 20897: 20888: 20885: 20876: 20875: 20872: 20865: 20861: 20856: 20852: 20849: 20845: 20842: 20838: 20837: 20835: 20831: 20826: 20822: 20819: 20815: 20812: 20808: 20805: 20801: 20800: 20798: 20794: 20791: 20787: 20784: 20780: 20777: 20773: 20770: 20766: 20763: 20759: 20754: 20750: 20749: 20747: 20746:Constellation 20743: 20740: 20736: 20733: 20729: 20726: 20725: 20720: 20717: 20713: 20710: 20706: 20703: 20699: 20696: 20692: 20689: 20685: 20682: 20678: 20675: 20671: 20670: 20668: 20664: 20657: 20653: 20650: 20646: 20643: 20639: 20636: 20632: 20629: 20625: 20622: 20618: 20615: 20611: 20608: 20604: 20601: 20597: 20594: 20590: 20587: 20583: 20582: 20580: 20578: 20572: 20561: 20557: 20552: 20548: 20547: 20545: 20541: 20538: 20534: 20531: 20527: 20524: 20520: 20517: 20513: 20510: 20506: 20503: 20499: 20496: 20492: 20489: 20485: 20482: 20478: 20475: 20471: 20468: 20464: 20463: 20461: 20459: 20455: 20448: 20444: 20441: 20437: 20434: 20430: 20427: 20423: 20420: 20416: 20413: 20409: 20406: 20402: 20401: 20399: 20397:Other methods 20395: 20388: 20384: 20379: 20375: 20374: 20372: 20368: 20365: 20361: 20358: 20351: 20346: 20341: 20337: 20334: 20333:Submillimetre 20330: 20327: 20323: 20322: 20320: 20316: 20307: 20303: 20302: 20300: 20296: 20293: 20292:Extragalactic 20289: 20285: 20284: 20282: 20278: 20271: 20267: 20264: 20260: 20257: 20256:Observational 20253: 20250: 20246: 20245: 20243: 20239: 20236: 20232: 20225: 20221: 20218: 20214: 20211: 20207: 20204: 20200: 20197: 20193: 20188: 20184: 20183: 20181: 20177: 20174: 20170: 20169: 20166: 20162: 20155: 20150: 20148: 20143: 20141: 20136: 20135: 20132: 20122: 20113: 20106: 20099: 20092: 20086: 20080: 20074: 20067: 20060: 20053: 20046: 20039: 20032: 20025: 20019: 20009: 20007: 19997: 19995: 19985: 19983: 19980: 19979: 19976: 19961: 19960:Tidal locking 19958: 19956: 19953: 19951: 19948: 19946: 19943: 19941: 19940:Double planet 19938: 19937: 19935: 19931: 19925: 19922: 19918: 19915: 19913: 19910: 19909: 19908: 19905: 19903: 19900: 19898: 19895: 19893: 19892:Minor planets 19890: 19888: 19885: 19883: 19880: 19878: 19875: 19874: 19872: 19868: 19862: 19859: 19857: 19854: 19850: 19847: 19846: 19845: 19842: 19840: 19837: 19833: 19830: 19826: 19825:Merging stars 19823: 19822: 19821: 19818: 19816: 19813: 19811: 19808: 19806: 19803: 19801: 19798: 19797: 19796: 19793: 19791: 19788: 19786: 19783: 19781: 19778: 19776: 19773: 19771: 19768: 19766: 19763: 19761: 19758: 19756: 19753: 19751: 19748: 19746: 19743: 19741: 19738: 19736: 19733: 19731: 19728: 19726: 19723: 19721: 19718: 19716: 19713: 19709: 19706: 19704: 19701: 19700: 19699: 19696: 19694: 19691: 19689: 19686: 19684: 19681: 19679: 19676: 19674: 19671: 19669: 19666: 19664: 19661: 19659: 19656: 19654: 19651: 19647: 19644: 19643: 19642: 19639: 19637: 19634: 19632: 19629: 19628: 19626: 19624: 19618: 19612: 19609: 19607: 19604: 19602: 19599: 19597: 19594: 19592: 19589: 19587: 19584: 19582: 19579: 19575: 19572: 19571: 19570: 19567: 19565: 19562: 19560: 19557: 19553: 19550: 19549: 19548: 19545: 19543: 19540: 19538: 19535: 19531: 19528: 19526: 19523: 19521: 19518: 19517: 19516: 19513: 19509: 19506: 19504: 19501: 19500: 19499: 19496: 19492: 19489: 19487: 19484: 19482: 19479: 19478: 19477: 19474: 19472: 19469: 19468: 19466: 19463: 19458: 19454: 19448: 19445: 19443: 19440: 19438: 19435: 19433: 19430: 19428: 19427:Subsatellites 19425: 19423: 19420: 19418: 19415: 19413: 19410: 19408: 19405: 19403: 19400: 19398: 19395: 19394: 19392: 19390: 19387:Hypothetical 19384: 19381: 19372: 19369: 19365: 19362: 19360: 19357: 19355: 19352: 19350: 19347: 19343: 19340: 19338: 19335: 19334: 19333: 19330: 19329: 19328: 19325: 19321: 19318: 19316: 19313: 19312: 19311: 19308: 19304: 19301: 19299: 19296: 19294: 19291: 19289: 19286: 19284: 19281: 19279: 19276: 19274: 19271: 19269: 19266: 19264: 19261: 19260: 19259: 19256: 19254: 19253:Asteroid belt 19251: 19249: 19246: 19242: 19239: 19237: 19234: 19232: 19229: 19225: 19222: 19220: 19217: 19216: 19215: 19212: 19210: 19207: 19205: 19202: 19200: 19197: 19196: 19195: 19192: 19188: 19185: 19183: 19180: 19178: 19175: 19173: 19170: 19168: 19165: 19163: 19160: 19158: 19155: 19153: 19150: 19149: 19147: 19145: 19142: 19138: 19135: 19133: 19130: 19129: 19128: 19127:Minor planets 19125: 19123: 19120: 19118: 19115: 19113: 19110: 19109: 19107: 19105: 19095: 19089: 19086: 19084: 19081: 19079: 19076: 19074: 19071: 19069: 19066: 19064: 19061: 19058: 19054: 19051: 19049: 19046: 19045: 19043: 19041: 19037: 19029: 19026: 19025: 19024: 19021: 19017: 19014: 19013: 19012: 19009: 19005: 19002: 19001: 19000: 18997: 18993: 18990: 18989: 18988: 18985: 18981: 18978: 18976: 18973: 18972: 18971: 18968: 18964: 18961: 18959: 18956: 18954: 18951: 18949: 18946: 18944: 18941: 18940: 18939: 18936: 18932: 18929: 18928: 18927: 18924: 18920: 18917: 18915: 18912: 18910: 18907: 18905: 18902: 18901: 18900: 18897: 18893: 18890: 18888: 18885: 18883: 18880: 18878: 18875: 18873: 18870: 18868: 18865: 18864: 18863: 18860: 18856: 18853: 18851: 18848: 18846: 18843: 18841: 18838: 18836: 18833: 18831: 18828: 18826: 18823: 18821: 18818: 18816: 18813: 18811: 18808: 18807: 18806: 18803: 18799: 18796: 18794: 18791: 18789: 18786: 18784: 18781: 18779: 18776: 18775: 18774: 18771: 18767: 18764: 18762: 18759: 18758: 18757: 18754: 18750: 18747: 18745: 18742: 18741: 18739: 18738: 18736: 18734: 18730: 18722: 18719: 18717: 18714: 18712: 18709: 18707: 18704: 18702: 18699: 18697: 18694: 18692: 18689: 18687: 18684: 18682: 18679: 18678: 18677: 18674: 18668: 18665: 18663: 18660: 18659: 18658: 18655: 18651: 18648: 18646: 18643: 18642: 18641: 18638: 18637: 18636: 18633: 18629: 18626: 18624: 18621: 18619: 18616: 18614: 18611: 18610: 18609: 18606: 18605: 18603: 18601: 18596: 18592: 18589: 18588: 18583: 18577: 18576: 18572: 18570: 18569: 18565: 18563: 18562: 18558: 18556: 18555: 18551: 18549: 18548: 18544: 18542: 18541: 18537: 18535: 18534: 18530: 18528: 18527: 18523: 18521: 18518: 18516: 18513: 18511: 18508: 18506: 18503: 18501: 18500: 18496: 18494: 18491: 18489: 18486: 18484: 18481: 18479: 18476: 18474: 18471: 18470: 18425: 18421: 18414: 18409: 18407: 18402: 18400: 18395: 18394: 18391: 18383:from Wikidata 18382: 18381: 18369: 18365: 18364: 18352: 18348: 18347: 18335: 18331: 18330: 18318: 18314: 18313: 18301: 18298:from Wikinews 18297: 18296: 18284: 18280: 18279: 18267: 18263: 18262: 18250: 18249: 18246: 18240: 18233: 18230: 18228: 18225: 18223: 18220: 18218: 18215: 18211: 18210: 18204: 18199: 18198: 18192: 18189: 18187: 18184: 18182: 18179: 18178: 18173: 18168: 18160: 18156: 18141: 18081: 18077: 18070: 18055: 18054: 18049: 18042: 18027: 18026: 18021: 18014: 18006: 18000: 17996: 17992: 17991: 17986: 17980: 17964: 17958: 17943: 17939: 17933: 17918: 17917: 17912: 17905: 17890: 17886: 17882: 17878: 17871: 17855: 17851: 17847: 17841: 17825: 17821: 17820:New Scientist 17817: 17810: 17794: 17790: 17786: 17779: 17763: 17759: 17753: 17737: 17733: 17729: 17722: 17716: 17711: 17707: 17703: 17699: 17695: 17691: 17684: 17668: 17664: 17660: 17656: 17652: 17648: 17644: 17640: 17636: 17631: 17626: 17622: 17618: 17614: 17607: 17599: 17593: 17589: 17588: 17580: 17572: 17568: 17564: 17560: 17556: 17552: 17548: 17544: 17537: 17518: 17514: 17510: 17506: 17502: 17498: 17494: 17490: 17486: 17479: 17472: 17456: 17452: 17446: 17442: 17441: 17436: 17432: 17426: 17410: 17406: 17400: 17396: 17392: 17388: 17384: 17377: 17358: 17354: 17353: 17348: 17344: 17340: 17332: 17328: 17327: 17321: 17316: 17304: 17300: 17299: 17294: 17290: 17289: 17285: 17276: 17271: 17267: 17263: 17259: 17255: 17248: 17232: 17228: 17224: 17218: 17202: 17198: 17194: 17190: 17186: 17182: 17178: 17174: 17170: 17166: 17162: 17158: 17151: 17143: 17139: 17135: 17131: 17124: 17108: 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12643: 12635: 12627: 12623: 12618: 12613: 12609: 12601: 12586:on 2 May 2009 12585: 12581: 12577: 12570: 12551: 12547: 12543: 12539: 12535: 12531: 12527: 12523: 12519: 12515: 12511: 12510: 12502: 12498: 12491: 12475: 12471: 12467: 12461: 12453: 12449: 12445: 12441: 12437: 12433: 12432: 12424: 12416: 12412: 12408: 12404: 12400: 12396: 12391: 12386: 12382: 12378: 12371: 12363: 12359: 12355: 12351: 12347: 12343: 12336: 12328: 12324: 12320: 12316: 12312: 12308: 12304: 12300: 12296: 12290: 12274: 12270: 12263: 12244: 12240: 12236: 12232: 12228: 12224: 12220: 12215: 12210: 12207:(1): 261–95. 12206: 12202: 12195: 12188: 12186: 12177: 12173: 12169: 12165: 12161: 12157: 12150: 12143: 12141: 12124: 12118: 12102: 12098: 12092: 12076: 12072: 12068: 12061: 12059: 12039: 12035: 12031: 12027: 12023: 12019: 12015: 12011: 12007: 12003: 11999: 11992: 11985: 11977: 11973: 11969: 11965: 11961: 11957: 11953: 11949: 11945: 11941: 11940: 11932: 11916: 11912: 11908: 11902: 11891: 11887: 11885:0-521-81808-7 11881: 11877: 11870: 11863: 11847: 11843: 11839: 11832: 11824: 11820: 11816: 11812: 11808: 11804: 11800: 11796: 11792: 11788: 11781: 11773: 11769: 11765: 11761: 11757: 11753: 11749: 11745: 11741: 11737: 11730: 11714: 11710: 11704: 11700: 11699: 11691: 11683: 11679: 11675: 11669: 11665: 11661: 11654: 11646: 11642: 11638: 11634: 11630: 11626: 11619: 11617: 11597: 11593: 11586: 11579: 11563: 11559: 11555: 11549: 11533: 11529: 11525: 11521: 11517: 11513: 11509: 11505: 11498: 11496: 11479: 11475: 11471: 11465: 11456: 11451: 11447: 11443: 11439: 11435: 11431: 11424: 11416: 11412: 11408: 11404: 11400: 11396: 11391: 11386: 11382: 11378: 11371: 11362: 11357: 11353: 11349: 11344: 11339: 11335: 11331: 11327: 11316: 11308: 11304: 11300: 11296: 11292: 11288: 11284: 11280: 11276: 11272: 11271: 11263: 11247: 11243: 11239: 11233: 11225: 11224:Asteroids III 11218: 11210: 11206: 11202: 11198: 11191: 11175: 11171: 11165: 11149: 11144: 11139: 11135: 11128: 11120: 11116: 11112: 11108: 11104: 11100: 11096: 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10242: 10240: 10223: 10218: 10213: 10209: 10205: 10200: 10195: 10191: 10187: 10186: 10181: 10174: 10166: 10162: 10158: 10154: 10150: 10146: 10141: 10136: 10132: 10128: 10121: 10113: 10109: 10105: 10101: 10097: 10093: 10092: 10084: 10077: 10073: 10070: 10065: 10049: 10045: 10041: 10037: 10033: 10029: 10025: 10021: 10017: 10012: 10007: 10003: 9999: 9995: 9987: 9971: 9967: 9963: 9957: 9941: 9937: 9931: 9924: 9912: 9908: 9904: 9898: 9891: 9878: 9874: 9868: 9852: 9848: 9847: 9842: 9836: 9820: 9816: 9815: 9810: 9803: 9796: 9795:public domain 9777: 9773: 9769: 9762: 9754: 9750: 9746: 9742: 9738: 9734: 9730: 9726: 9719: 9712: 9711:public domain 9702: 9698: 9695: 9691: 9687: 9684: 9683: 9676: 9660: 9656: 9652: 9645: 9637: 9630: 9614: 9610: 9606: 9600: 9584: 9580: 9576: 9572: 9568: 9564: 9560: 9553: 9544: 9539: 9535: 9531: 9527: 9523: 9519: 9511: 9495: 9491: 9487: 9480: 9464: 9460: 9456: 9449: 9441: 9435: 9431: 9427: 9420: 9404: 9400: 9394: 9387: 9383: 9379: 9375: 9371: 9367: 9362: 9357: 9353: 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6624: 6620: 6616: 6610: 6606: 6602: 6595: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6571: 6567: 6566: 6558: 6550: 6546: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6530: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6513: 6508: 6507:Levison, H.F. 6502: 6500: 6491: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6476: 6468: 6452: 6448: 6444: 6437: 6435: 6418: 6414: 6407: 6391: 6387: 6383: 6382: 6365: 6361: 6355: 6347: 6343: 6339: 6335: 6332:(1): 98–105. 6331: 6327: 6326: 6321: 6317: 6311: 6309: 6289: 6285: 6278: 6271: 6269: 6267: 6257: 6252: 6245: 6236: 6231: 6227: 6223: 6219: 6215: 6214: 6209: 6202: 6186: 6182: 6176: 6160: 6159:"The Planets" 6154: 6138: 6134: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6118: 6114: 6110: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6077: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6047: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6019: 6015: 6014: 6009: 6002: 5994: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5976: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5953: 5948: 5941: 5939: 5937: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5906: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5888: 5884: 5883: 5878: 5871: 5863: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5812: 5804: 5800: 5796: 5794:9783527629190 5790: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5749: 5741: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5700: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5663: 5655: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5614:(A12): 1437. 5613: 5609: 5608: 5600: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5563:Solar Physics 5557: 5555: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5507: 5502: 5495: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5457: 5450: 5442: 5436: 5432: 5425: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5417: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5369: 5361: 5345: 5341: 5335: 5331: 5327: 5321: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5277: 5276: 5268: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5220: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5197: 5195: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5115:Bouvier, A.; 5111: 5103: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5062: 5046: 5042: 5041:astro4edu.org 5038: 5032: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5002: 5000: 4991: 4987: 4982: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4950: 4945: 4938: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4905: 4900: 4893: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4842: 4840: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4808: 4800: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4763: 4761: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4707: 4702: 4695: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4662: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4648: 4640: 4625: 4621: 4614: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4584: 4580: 4575:Other sources 4557: 4553: 4549: 4543: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4513: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4483: 4467: 4463: 4457: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4427: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4396: 4394: 4392: 4390: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4382: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4345: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4315: 4313: 4296: 4292: 4286: 4270: 4266: 4265:astro.gsu.edu 4262: 4256: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4195: 4191: 4169: 4167: 4159: 4153: 4146: 4142: 4136: 4129: 4123: 4116: 4112: 4109: 4108: 4103: 4102: 4097: 4093: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4073: 4066: 4048: 4044: 4021: 4017: 3994: 3990: 3967: 3963: 3935: 3931: 3924: 3921: 3913: 3909: 3902: 3899: 3896: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3875: 3871: 3864: 3861: 3853: 3849: 3842: 3839: 3831: 3827: 3820: 3817: 3814: 3811: 3808: 3805: 3795: 3794:galactic pole 3791: 3775: 3765: 3763: 3740: 3736: 3730: 3728: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3711:Asteroid Belt 3706: 3702: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3657: 3653: 3642: 3639: 3628: 3625: 3614: 3607: 3605: 3601: 3600: 3594: 3590: 3585: 3583: 3579: 3577: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3551: 3549: 3546:'s theory of 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3498: 3497:Emanuel Bowen 3493: 3489: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3478: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3456:Edmond Halley 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3432: 3430: 3426: 3423:in 1631, and 3422: 3418: 3414: 3413: 3408: 3404: 3399: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3360: 3355: 3345: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3326: 3323: 3318: 3315: 3311: 3306: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3287:galactic year 3283: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3256: 3251: 3247: 3246:Galactic year 3243: 3233: 3223: 3222:Scholz's Star 3219: 3214: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3191:star clusters 3187: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3168: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3149: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3116: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3082: 3078: 3073: 3069: 3067: 3062: 3054: 3038: 3033: 3031: 3027: 3022: 3020: 3016: 3015:galactic tide 3012: 3007: 3002: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2955: 2944: 2940: 2935: 2933: 2932:meteor shower 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2912: 2910: 2900: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2877: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2860: 2858: 2855:, creating a 2854: 2850: 2846: 2838: 2834: 2829: 2814: 2812: 2807: 2803: 2798: 2796: 2792: 2791: 2784: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2753: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2730: 2729: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2694: 2692: 2688: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2640: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2626: 2623: 2622: 2621: 2617:dwarf planets 2612: 2610: 2600: 2595: 2582: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2567: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2520: 2515: 2511: 2510:binary system 2507: 2504: 2503: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2476:2:3 resonance 2473: 2467: 2462: 2461: 2460: 2456:dwarf planets 2451: 2449: 2448: 2439: 2435: 2430: 2423: 2418: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2371: 2369: 2365: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2346: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2320: 2319: 2317: 2313: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2271: 2267: 2266: 2264: 2260: 2259:internal heat 2256: 2252: 2248: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2228: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2155: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2082: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2054: 2049: 2048: 2047: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1983:Outer planets 1980: 1978: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1964:giant planets 1955: 1953: 1949: 1942: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1925: 1918: 1915: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1886:and numerous 1885: 1879: 1874: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1849: 1844: 1843: 1842: 1840: 1836: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1811: 1807: 1800: 1799:asteroid belt 1793:Asteroid belt 1787: 1784: 1781: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1750: 1749: 1748: 1746: 1740: 1736: 1729: 1725: 1716: 1711: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1684: 1681: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1648: 1643: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1617: 1615: 1611: 1610:magnetosphere 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1561: 1556: 1553: 1552:lid tectonics 1549: 1545: 1541: 1535: 1530: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1510:thrust faults 1507: 1501: 1496: 1495: 1494: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1420:Inner planets 1417: 1411: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1388: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1369:space weather 1366: 1362: 1357: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1340:) called the 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1326:magnetosphere 1322: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1289:The Sun is a 1287: 1285: 1282:stars in the 1281: 1277: 1273: 1272:hottest stars 1269: 1265: 1260: 1258: 1257:visible light 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1225: 1220: 1210: 1208: 1204: 1199: 1195: 1193: 1189: 1181: 1176: 1167: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1139: 1129: 1127: 1123: 1117: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1082: 1080: 1077:based on the 1076: 1072: 1066: 1050: 1041: 1038: 1034: 1029: 1027: 1023: 1022: 1017: 1016: 1011: 1007: 1003: 998: 995: 991: 987: 983: 978: 976: 972: 964: 963:outer planets 959: 952: 951:inner planets 947: 938: 936: 931: 926: 924: 919: 913: 909: 899: 897: 893: 889: 885: 884:asteroid belt 881: 871: 869: 865: 861: 857: 851: 849: 844: 835: 831: 829: 825: 821: 811: 809: 805: 800: 796: 792: 788: 783: 781: 777: 776:main-sequence 773: 769: 768:reaction rate 765: 760: 757: 752: 750: 746: 741: 739: 734: 730: 722: 718: 714: 709: 707: 703: 695: 690: 680: 670: 668: 664: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 623: 621: 617: 613: 612:asteroid belt 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 549: 548:dwarf planets 544: 542: 541:giant planets 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 489: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 430: 429:million years 426: 422: 416: 414:Orbital speed 412: 406: 400: 396: 393: 389: 385: 382: 377: 373: 371: 367: 363: 361: 357: 353: 351: 347: 342: 337: 334: 330: 324: 322: 318: 315: 312: 310: 306: 301: 297: 295: 290: 286: 284: 279: 275: 273: 268: 261: 260: 255: 253: 250: 248: 245: 243: 240: 238: 235: 233: 230: 228: 225: 223: 220: 218: 215: 213: 210: 209: 206: 204: 199: 192: 189: 187: 184: 182: 179: 177: 174: 172: 169: 167: 164: 162: 159: 157: 154: 153: 150: 146: 143: 140: 136: 131: 123: 121: 118: 115: 111: 109: 106: 105: 102: 98: 91: 88: 86: 83: 81: 78: 75: 71: 70: 67: 63: 59: 55: 48: 44: 37: 32: 26: 22: 23085:Solar System 23021:Solar System 22979:Solar System 22978: 22659:White dwarfs 22649:Brown dwarfs 22632:Most distant 22580:Most massive 22558:Proper names 22518:Photographic 22471:Solar System 22470: 22449:observations 22376:Star systems 22199:Stellar wind 22182:Chromosphere 22155:Oscillations 22035:Helium flash 21885:Hypothetical 21863:X-ray binary 21802:Compact star 21637:Bright giant 21390:Henyey track 21368:Herbig Ae/Be 21187:Brown dwarfs 21102:(red dwarfs) 21045:Solar System 21044: 20722: 20702:Astrophysics 20681:Astrobiology 20345:Far-infrared 20299:Local system 20298: 20234:Astronomy by 20224:... in space 20116:Each arrow ( 20038:Local Bubble 20024:Solar System 20023: 20022: 19815:Planetesimal 19770:Kuiper cliff 19498:Space probes 19471:Colonization 19310:Kirkwood gap 19231:Saturn Moons 19144:Planetesimal 18608:Terrestrials 18573: 18566: 18559: 18552: 18545: 18538: 18531: 18524: 18497: 18420:Solar System 18419: 18378: 18361: 18344: 18327: 18310: 18293: 18281:from Commons 18276: 18259: 18239:Solar System 18238: 18207: 18181:Online books 18172:Solar System 18171: 18085:23 September 18083:. Retrieved 18079: 18069: 18057:. Retrieved 18051: 18041: 18029:. Retrieved 18023: 18013: 17995:Bantam Books 17993:. New York: 17989: 17979: 17967:. Retrieved 17957: 17945:. Retrieved 17941: 17932: 17920:. Retrieved 17914: 17904: 17892:. Retrieved 17880: 17870: 17858:. Retrieved 17849: 17840: 17828:. Retrieved 17819: 17809: 17797:. Retrieved 17793:the original 17788: 17778: 17766:. Retrieved 17758:"Fact Sheet" 17752: 17740:. Retrieved 17731: 17721: 17693: 17689: 17683: 17671:. Retrieved 17620: 17616: 17606: 17586: 17579: 17546: 17542: 17536: 17524:. Retrieved 17488: 17484: 17471: 17459:. Retrieved 17439: 17425: 17413:. Retrieved 17386: 17376: 17361:. Retrieved 17351: 17324: 17307:. Retrieved 17296: 17284: 17257: 17253: 17247: 17235:. Retrieved 17226: 17217: 17205:. Retrieved 17164: 17160: 17150: 17133: 17129: 17123: 17111:. Retrieved 17083: 17076: 17047: 17039: 17020: 17014: 17002:. Retrieved 16982: 16975: 16963:. Retrieved 16918: 16914: 16904: 16892:. 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Retrieved 14986: 14980: 14967: 14955:. Retrieved 14946: 14937: 14894: 14890: 14880: 14861: 14851: 14839:. Retrieved 14835:the original 14830: 14821: 14809:. Retrieved 14797: 14785: 14773:. Retrieved 14740: 14736: 14726: 14693: 14687: 14681: 14654: 14648: 14642: 14634: 14617: 14613: 14607: 14595:. Retrieved 14586: 14577: 14565:. Retrieved 14555: 14545: 14494: 14488: 14477: 14424: 14418: 14408: 14396:. Retrieved 14387: 14378: 14366:. Retrieved 14333: 14329: 14319: 14268: 14264: 14253: 14241:. Retrieved 14232: 14222: 14209:. Retrieved 14202:the original 14189: 14183: 14153:. Retrieved 14144: 14130: 14085: 14079: 14065: 14020: 14016: 13954: 13948: 13934: 13907: 13903: 13893: 13852: 13848: 13835: 13823:. Retrieved 13814: 13805: 13793:. Retrieved 13784: 13774: 13762:. Retrieved 13736: 13729: 13688: 13682: 13672: 13627: 13621: 13611: 13599:. Retrieved 13581: 13569:. Retrieved 13560: 13551: 13516: 13512: 13502: 13490:. Retrieved 13481: 13472: 13460:. Retrieved 13445: 13433:. 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Retrieved 4264: 4255: 4204: 4200: 4194: 4186:Data sources 4152: 4135: 4122: 4106: 4099: 4072: 3705: 3598: 3586: 3575: 3559:Sun's corona 3552: 3518: 3502: 3475: 3472:Isaac Newton 3440:Simon Marius 3433: 3410: 3400: 3388:heliocentric 3382:philosopher 3365: 3327: 3307: 3284: 3261: 3215: 3188: 3175: 3169: 3161:Local Bubble 3150: 3120: 3034: 3023: 3003: 2999: 2936: 2913: 2905: 2861: 2842: 2839:seen in 1997 2799: 2788: 2785: 2768: 2758: 2726: 2706:eccentricity 2695: 2683: 2670:Leleākūhonua 2613: 2605: 2565: 2529: 2452: 2443: 2431: 2427: 2377: 2348: 2312:thermosphere 2016: 1989:Giant planet 1961: 1928: 1922: 1862:cryovolcanic 1835:protoplanets 1832: 1796: 1728:carbonaceous 1721: 1665:rift valleys 1491:rift valleys 1459:ring systems 1452: 1394: 1371:and causing 1361:solar flares 1358: 1323: 1288: 1261: 1233:Earth masses 1230: 1200: 1196: 1188:super-Earths 1185: 1160:liquid water 1153: 1141: 1132:Habitability 1118: 1098:Avicii Arena 1083: 1067: 1055: 1030: 1019: 1013: 999: 979: 968: 927: 915: 877: 852: 840: 817: 784: 761: 753: 742: 738:minor bodies 710: 699: 624: 545: 490: 438:Solar System 437: 435: 379:Orbit about 350:Kuiper cliff 258: 100:Nearest star 80:Local Bubble 29:Solar System 25: 23069:Spaceflight 22712:Brown dwarf 22488:Circumpolar 22366:Kraft break 22346:Color index 22321:Metallicity 22281:Designation 22250:Cosmic dust 22172:Photosphere 21938:Dark-energy 21913:Electroweak 21898:Black dwarf 21829:Radio-quiet 21812:White dwarf 21698:White dwarf 21348:Bok globule 20769:Planetarium 20426:High-energy 20412:Cosmic rays 20364:Ultraviolet 20079:Local Sheet 20073:Local Group 19856:Rubble pile 19844:Roche limit 19839:Ring system 19790:Outer space 19765:Kuiper belt 19735:Hill sphere 19730:Hills cloud 19678:Debris disk 19673:Cosmic dust 19457:Exploration 19412:Planet Nine 19397:Fifth giant 19371:Hills cloud 19332:Kuiper belt 19303:exceptional 19219:Trojan camp 18261:Definitions 17922:8 September 17860:15 December 17435:Druyan, Ann 17431:Sagan, Carl 17347:Locke, John 17136:(4): 1305. 14827:"Meteoroid" 13290:Brown, Mike 13239:26 December 13099:26 December 12845:Brown, M.E. 12711:Stern, Alan 12480:23 February 12348:(1): 1–12. 11568:22 December 11484:28 December 10577:(10): 105. 10377:11 November 10287:: 409–422. 9248:"Ice Sheet" 9201:31 December 8981:19 November 8944:26 December 8081:: 477–498. 7928:. pp. 6125:11336/82487 5925:10 December 5761:: 215–227. 5375:(2): L137. 5183:27 December 5051:11 December 4562:13 December 4532:20 February 4416:11 December 3715:Kuiper Belt 3454:. In 1677, 3407:Tycho Brahe 3372:Renaissance 3312:(where the 3272:light-years 3230:100 AU 3165:superbubble 3061:Hill sphere 3026:Planet Nine 3019:tidal force 3009:(~0.9 2994:Kuiper belt 2968:Planet Nine 2909:micrometers 2894:Cosmic dust 2843:Comets are 2781:heliosheath 2765:heliosphere 2700:ETNOs have 2680:(dark blue) 2678:Planet Nine 2424:are marked. 2410:Kuiper belt 2400:Kuiper belt 2394:Kuiper belt 2364:2060 Chiron 2140:ring system 1977:sublimation 1896:metamorphic 1803:3.3 AU 1514:ray systems 1512:and bright 1483:atmospheres 1354:100 AU 1330:heliosphere 1295:spiral arms 1255:peaking in 1192:Planet Nine 1145:cosmic rays 1059:5.2 AU 902:Composition 892:Kuiper belt 856:white dwarf 780:heliosphere 725:200 AU 715:collapsed, 635:heliosphere 616:Kuiper belt 527:); and two 478:photosphere 452:it. It was 402:Distance to 394:inclination 370:Hill sphere 23079:Categories 22933:Nine Views 22674:Candidates 22669:Supernovae 22654:Red dwarfs 22513:Extinction 22301:Kinematics 22296:Luminosity 22274:Properties 22167:Atmosphere 22065:Si burning 22055:Ne burning 21993:White hole 21966:Quasi-star 21893:Blue dwarf 21748:Technetium 21664:Hypergiant 21642:Supergiant 21210:0.0011 ly) 21166:0.0009 ly) 21140:0.0007 ly) 21127:0.0013 ly) 21117:0.0004 ly) 21060:0.0022 ly) 21014:0.0054 ly) 20762:Photometry 20739:Binoculars 20716:Astrometry 20577:telescopes 20474:Babylonian 20318:EM methods 20196:Astronomer 20098:Local Hole 20045:Gould Belt 19785:Oort cloud 19621:Formation, 19611:Deep space 19447:Vulcanoids 19364:Oort cloud 19288:first 1000 19224:Greek camp 19122:Meteoroids 19117:Damocloids 19063:Charikloan 18312:Quotations 18155:Audio help 18146:2021-05-31 18059:18 January 17630:2102.04248 17341:required.) 17237:27 October 17056:. p. 16746:1904.05721 16383:2311.12171 16324:1502.04655 16260:2001.08748 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338:30.07 AU ( 326:~5 AU 321:Frost line 133:Population 23033:Astronomy 22884:Tellurion 22862:Astrarium 22605:Brightest 22503:Magnitude 22483:Pole star 22404:Symbiotic 22399:Eclipsing 22331:Starlight 22132:Structure 22122:Supernova 22115:Micronova 22110:Recurrent 22095:Symbiotic 22080:p-process 22075:r-process 22070:s-process 22060:O burning 22050:C burning 22030:CNO cycle 21973:Gravastar 21509:Hypernova 21499:Supernova 21474:Dredge-up 21447:Blue loop 21440:super-AGB 21423:Red clump 21400:Evolution 21358:Protostar 21338:Accretion 21330:Formation 21260:0.041 ly) 21204:Luhman 16 21153:0.012 ly) 20834:Telescope 20440:Spherical 20387:Gamma-ray 20356:(optical) 20161:Astronomy 20059:Milky Way 20052:Orion Arm 19820:Formation 19805:Migration 19800:Disrupted 19668:Coatlicue 19636:Accretion 19623:evolution 19569:Asteroids 19481:astronomy 19476:Discovery 19337:Cubewanos 19258:Asteroids 19088:Quaoarian 19078:Neptunian 19068:Chironean 19053:Saturnian 18835:Enceladus 18363:Resources 18346:Textbooks 18111:hour and 18080:Space.com 18025:SpaceNews 17889:0362-4331 17663:231846880 17655:0002-9505 17571:122482074 17387:Comets II 17349:(1754) . 17197:120470649 17189:0021-8286 17103:182818133 16947:0567-7920 16859:0905.3919 16779:119190574 16771:0004-6361 16564:0707.4515 16527:1003.2489 16293:210086520 16194:(1): 24. 16171:210086520 16107:245906333 16091:1476-4687 16028:203642080 16020:0004-637X 15986:(1): 41. 15889:203642080 15855:(1): 19. 15828:2041-8205 15700:195584070 15548:(2): 59. 15309:119248548 15190:205013399 15105:237581632 15097:2041-8205 14929:228840132 14921:2169-9097 14841:24 August 14765:129972426 14718:189827311 14620:: 78–93. 14537:235400678 14521:0067-0049 14497:(2): 40. 14469:239998560 14461:0004-637X 14358:0148-0227 14293:0038-6308 14271:(2): 18. 14211:24 August 14122:119433944 14057:119071596 13713:1476-4687 13664:119270442 13630:(1): L9. 13543:252620869 13519:(9): 19. 13425:926914921 13086:0037-8720 12986:15 August 12827:126574999 12805:: 30–38. 12681:0028-0836 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E04S06. 8909:11 August 8896:133864520 8888:1752-0894 8804:121301247 8753:0148-0227 8731:CiteSeerX 8627:CiteSeerX 8523:0025-5769 8319:961476196 8296:Astronomy 8140:CiteSeerX 8054:246842719 7887:(1): 12. 7779:118052299 7724:119187392 7716:1538-3881 7611:119119390 7301:Astronomy 7282:145268784 7266:0021-1753 7219:0002-9505 7141:119255559 7116:1203.4898 7086:118681206 7061:1104.1032 6881:(1989) . 6854:227002144 6730:1476-4687 6297:3 January 6133:256708667 5966:0801.4031 5803:118414100 5768:0903.3008 5691:120275197 5591:120541081 5545:118940644 5239:1101.3090 4990:119235554 4963:1309.2629 4872:0004-6299 4785:CiteSeerX 4301:14 August 4247:118492541 4239:0004-6256 4214:1407.4820 4207:(5): 91. 4045:α 4018:β 3991:α 3964:β 3932:β 3925:⁡ 3910:β 3903:⁡ 3885:α 3881:− 3872:α 3865:⁡ 3850:β 3843:⁡ 3828:β 3821:⁡ 3812:ψ 3809:⁡ 3776:ψ 3550:in 1915. 3280:thin disk 3264:Milky Way 3184:Orion Arm 3142:exoplanet 3135:red dwarf 2950:to about 2926:, called 2907:~30 2886:Meteoroid 2865:Hale–Bopp 2849:sublimate 2811:bow shock 2702:perihelia 2698:scattered 2566:classical 2552:ellipsoid 2434:classical 2359:perturbed 2174:Enceladus 2163:shepherds 1970:and many 1756:perihelia 1704:Asteroids 1548:stripping 1467:silicates 1457:, and no 1414:5 AU 1405:silicates 1401:asteroids 1299:Milky Way 1284:Milky Way 1243:, mostly 1102:Stockholm 923:asteroids 848:red giant 733:accretion 729:protostar 667:Milky Way 592:asteroids 287:1,368,528 90:Milky Way 22784:Category 22679:Remnants 22575:Extremes 22535:Parallax 22508:Apparent 22498:Asterism 22476:Sunlight 22426:Globular 22411:Multiple 22336:Variable 22326:Rotation 22286:Dynamics 22177:Starspot 21851:Magnetar 21794:Remnants 21610:Subgiant 21583:Subdwarf 21435:post-AGB 21160:Ross 154 21121:Wolf 359 21079:?; Bc?; 20884:Category 20593:Category 20488:Egyptian 20405:Neutrino 20340:Infrared 20288:Galactic 20263:Sidewalk 20217:Glossary 20187:Timeline 20112:Universe 19950:Moonlets 19530:programs 19503:timeline 19491:timeline 19422:Planet X 19417:Planet V 19354:Sednoids 19342:Plutinos 19315:Centaurs 19293:families 19028:Dysnomia 19016:Xiangliu 19011:Gonggong 18999:Makemake 18958:Kerberos 18845:Hyperion 18783:Callisto 18778:Ganymede 18711:Gonggong 18706:Makemake 18561:Gonggong 18554:Makemake 18157: · 18031:13 March 17894:20 April 17854:Archived 17830:20 April 17824:Archived 17799:20 April 17762:Archived 17742:20 April 17736:Archived 17667:Archived 17517:Archived 17513:54867823 17455:Archived 17437:(1997). 17409:Archived 17363:18 March 17357:Archived 17309:17 March 17303:Archived 17231:Archived 17201:Archived 17107:Archived 16998:Archived 16959:Archived 16955:54021858 16888:Archived 16819:Archived 16783:Archived 16714:16568545 16657:29 March 16651:Archived 16647:56727455 16604:Archived 16499:15757160 16436:Archived 16349:40618530 16317:(1): 4. 16285:31910431 16226:54224451 16163:31910431 16099:35022612 15948:27558064 15731:10 April 15725:Archived 15521:20 April 15515:Archived 15456:20 April 15450:Archived 15368:24670765 15329:(2014). 15277:: 1–53. 15246:Archived 15216:Archived 15182:11214311 15128:Archived 15025:Archived 15021:38710056 14951:Archived 14949:. 2003. 14802:Archived 14775:10 April 14769:Archived 14597:31 March 14591:Archived 14392:Archived 14362:Archived 14311:36874191 14243:29 March 14237:Archived 14149:Archived 13991:46766640 13957:(1): 5. 13885:21468196 13877:17569855 13819:Archived 13789:Archived 13755:Archived 13717:Wikidata 13595:Archived 13565:Archived 13486:Archived 13456:Archived 13429:Archived 13388:25 March 13382:Archived 13352:Archived 13323:Archived 13292:(2008). 13269:31 March 13263:Archived 13090:Archived 13044:14820512 12977:Archived 12973:54079935 12900:Archived 12723:Archived 12689:24670644 12559:31 March 12550:Archived 12538:17793016 12474:Archived 12415:18688556 12273:Archived 12252:21 April 12243:Archived 12239:13282788 12101:Archived 12081:21 April 12075:Archived 12071:phys.org 12047:21 April 12038:Archived 12026:15731439 11968:17960236 11921:31 March 11915:Archived 11823:21272762 11815:10325220 11764:15919987 11719:13 April 11713:Archived 11562:Archived 11532:Archived 11478:Archived 11415:59474402 11299:21796207 11246:Archived 11154:22 April 11148:Archived 11111:22582256 11025:22 April 11019:Archived 10989:Archived 10958:22 April 10952:Archived 10921:14 April 10915:Archived 10891:22 April 10885:Archived 10851:Archived 10723:Archived 10694:Archived 10622:Archived 10595:Archived 10544:Archived 10463:22 March 10340:10 March 10334:Archived 10305:Archived 10255:Archived 10222:Archived 10072:Archived 10048:Archived 10004:(1): 5. 9917:21 April 9911:Archived 9903:"Deimos" 9883:21 April 9877:Archived 9841:"Phobos" 9819:Archived 9782:22 April 9753:45843366 9697:Archived 9686:Archived 9613:Archived 9583:Archived 9516:(2007). 9500:17 March 9469:12 April 9463:Archived 9409:15 March 9301:12 April 9295:Archived 9256:Archived 9226:Archived 9195:Archived 9170:24 March 9052:21 April 9046:Archived 8900:Archived 8836:21 April 8830:Archived 8761:22408219 8697:20 April 8657:17741171 8602:(1981). 8541:29 March 8535:Archived 8531:27971203 8426:Archived 8353:Archived 8323:Archived 8301:OpenStax 8268:Archived 8237:Archived 8201:Archived 8197:53443301 8162:14077895 8022:: A131. 7992:Archived 7988:Stanford 7962:Archived 7834:16419857 7648:31 March 7642:Archived 7545:Archived 7529:Archived 7420:Archived 7305:Archived 7223:Archived 7170:28 March 7164:Archived 6987:Archived 6956:55949289 6832:(2007). 6803:28 March 6797:Archived 6756:28 March 6750:Archived 6738:16688170 6673:Archived 6646:Archived 6541:14647375 6457:28 March 6451:Archived 6390:Archived 6364:Archived 6185:Archived 6183:. NASA. 6137:Archived 6060:Archived 5993:10073988 5919:Archived 5862:11606772 5740:15917802 5646:11148141 5484:10 April 5475:Archived 5407:15244154 5344:Archived 5312:27720602 5304:15637266 5177:Archived 5149:56092512 5102:55944238 5045:Archived 5021:19 April 5015:Archived 4876:Archived 4828:19 April 4818:nasa.gov 4743:Archived 4686:54079935 4629:19 April 4603:8 August 4556:Archived 4526:Archived 4496:Archived 4466:Archived 4440:Archived 4410:Archived 4363:Archived 4328:Archived 4295:Archived 4269:Archived 4111:Archived 4092:Archived 3610:See also 3295:Hercules 3209:and the 2718:sednoids 2714:detached 2639:Xiangliu 2635:Gonggong 2629:Dysnomia 2562:Makemake 2496:Kerberos 2480:plutinos 2339:Centaurs 2220:Hyperion 2159:moonlets 2113:Callisto 2109:Ganymede 2094:Amalthea 2090:Adrastea 1968:centaurs 1904:Veneneia 1892:basaltic 1866:volatile 1858:hydrated 1739:families 1710:Asteroid 1697:craters. 1669:minerals 1576:and 21% 1574:nitrogen 1522:basaltic 1487:tectonic 1399:and the 1315:universe 1245:radiated 1090:orreries 1021:aphelion 990:prograde 971:ecliptic 756:volatile 669:galaxy. 600:centaurs 576:Gonggong 572:Makemake 484:it as a 482:classify 354:50–70 AU 242:Gonggong 237:Makemake 65:Location 23007:Portals 22972:Related 22845:Devices 22751:Gravity 22700:Related 22620:Nearest 22568:Chinese 22416:Cluster 22389:Contact 22226:Proplyd 22100:Remnant 21988:Blitzar 21962:Hawking 21918:Strange 21868:Burster 21824:Neutron 21777:Extreme 21728:He-weak 21373:T Tauri 21206:(6.5029 21162:(9.7063 21136:(8.3044 21123:(7.8558 21113:(5.9629 21056:(4.3441 21010:(8.7094 20958:member 20956:Primary 20896:Commons 20848:history 20818:Russian 20666:Related 20575:Optical 20560:Tibetan 20544:Serbian 20537:Persian 20481:Chinese 20458:Culture 20378:History 20249:Amateur 20180:History 20173:Outline 19933:Related 19912:by size 19601:Neptune 19586:Jupiter 19537:Mercury 19462:outline 19407:Phaeton 19402:Nemesis 19389:objects 19241:Neptune 19214:Jupiter 19194:Trojans 19187:Neptune 19172:Jupiter 19152:Mercury 19083:Haumean 19073:Uranian 19055: ( 18975:Hiʻiaka 18909:Proteus 18899:Neptune 18887:Miranda 18877:Umbriel 18867:Titania 18855:all 146 18820:Iapetus 18773:Jupiter 18667:Neptune 18645:Jupiter 18613:Mercury 18595:Planets 18520:Neptune 18505:Jupiter 18478:Mercury 18144: ( 18115:minutes 17768:3 March 17760:. JPL. 17698:Bibcode 17673:1 April 17635:Bibcode 17551:Bibcode 17526:3 April 17505:3654879 17461:28 June 17415:7 April 17391:Bibcode 17293:"solar" 17262:Bibcode 17207:1 April 17169:Bibcode 17138:Bibcode 17113:1 April 17027:Bibcode 16965:1 April 16894:1 April 16884:2028999 16864:Bibcode 16789:1 April 16751:Bibcode 16739:: L10. 16694:Bibcode 16610:2 April 16569:Bibcode 16532:Bibcode 16520:: 185. 16479:Bibcode 16442:8 April 16388:Bibcode 16329:Bibcode 16265:Bibcode 16206:Bibcode 16143:Bibcode 16071:Bibcode 15998:Bibcode 15956:4451513 15928:Bibcode 15867:Bibcode 15806:Bibcode 15702:. A139. 15680:Bibcode 15603:Bibcode 15560:Bibcode 15497:Bibcode 15432:Bibcode 15376:4393431 15348:Bibcode 15289:Bibcode 15222:23 June 15162:Bibcode 15134:7 April 15075:Bibcode 15001:Bibcode 14899:Bibcode 14811:25 July 14745:Bibcode 14698:Bibcode 14659:Bibcode 14645:comets" 14622:Bibcode 14567:23 June 14529:1890983 14499:Bibcode 14439:Bibcode 14398:9 April 14368:9 April 14338:Bibcode 14302:9974711 14273:Bibcode 14194:Bibcode 14192:: 268. 14155:23 June 14100:Bibcode 14035:Bibcode 13969:Bibcode 13912:Bibcode 13857:Bibcode 13849:Science 13825:2 April 13795:16 July 13693:Bibcode 13642:Bibcode 13601:15 July 13571:9 April 13521:Bibcode 13492:9 April 13435:9 April 13332:9 April 13214:Bibcode 13170:Bibcode 13135:Bibcode 13074:Bibcode 13024:Bibcode 12953:Bibcode 12896:2578831 12876:Bibcode 12807:Bibcode 12697:4467484 12661:Bibcode 12622:Bibcode 12590:23 June 12546:1948948 12518:Bibcode 12509:Science 12440:Bibcode 12395:Bibcode 12350:Bibcode 12307:Bibcode 12279:6 April 12219:Bibcode 12164:Bibcode 12034:1058405 12006:Bibcode 11998:Science 11976:4330204 11948:Bibcode 11795:Bibcode 11787:Science 11744:Bibcode 11736:Science 11633:Bibcode 11516:Bibcode 11442:Bibcode 11395:Bibcode 11348:Bibcode 11279:Bibcode 11252:13 June 11205:Bibcode 11203:: 719. 11091:Bibcode 11083:Science 11054:Bibcode 10995:3 April 10860:19 July 10765:Bibcode 10721:. IAU. 10660:Bibcode 10628:30 July 10579:Bibcode 10550:1 March 10492:Bibcode 10438:Bibcode 10289:Bibcode 10204:Bibcode 10145:Bibcode 10100:Bibcode 10054:9 March 10044:7683815 10016:Bibcode 9976:1 March 9946:1 March 9857:19 July 9825:25 July 9733:Bibcode 9680:NASA – 9665:23 July 9589:9 April 9530:Bibcode 9366:Bibcode 9158:Staff. 9010:Bibcode 8868:Bibcode 8784:Bibcode 8723:Bibcode 8619:Bibcode 8611:Science 8567:Bibcode 8467:Bibcode 8432:2 April 8390:Bibcode 8359:1 April 8329:9 March 8274:1 April 8243:2 April 8207:1 April 8132:Bibcode 8083:Bibcode 8034:Bibcode 7968:6 April 7930:120–127 7889:Bibcode 7814:Bibcode 7759:Bibcode 7694:Bibcode 7634:Bibcode 7591:Bibcode 7535:6 April 7496:8 April 7453:Bibcode 7426:2 April 7311:9 April 7229:2 April 7199:Bibcode 7121:Bibcode 7066:Bibcode 7017:Bibcode 6936:Bibcode 6793:6533014 6746:4420518 6710:Bibcode 6574:Bibcode 6549:4395099 6521:Bibcode 6423:31 July 6396:12 July 6376:citing 6370:29 July 6334:Bibcode 6222:Bibcode 6191:6 April 6165:6 April 6105:Bibcode 6066:6 April 5971:Bibcode 5901:Bibcode 5830:Bibcode 5773:Bibcode 5718:Bibcode 5671:Bibcode 5626:Bibcode 5571:Bibcode 5525:Bibcode 5467:Bibcode 5387:Bibcode 5350:9 April 5284:Bibcode 5275:Science 5244:Bibcode 5207:Bibcode 5129:Bibcode 5080:Bibcode 4968:Bibcode 4860:Bibcode 4858:: 812. 4777:Bibcode 4725:Bibcode 4666:Bibcode 4369:18 July 4219:Bibcode 3576:Voyager 3532:Neptune 3509:a comet 3486:gravity 3484:and of 3436:Galileo 3127:G-Cloud 3115:G-Cloud 2984:of the 2928:meteors 2790:Cassini 2544:Hiʻiaka 2345:Centaur 2330:geysers 2306:Neptune 2293:Miranda 2285:Umbriel 2277:Titania 2270:chaotic 2224:Iapetus 2197:Telesto 2193:Calypso 2075:auroras 2053:Jupiter 2036:kelvins 2011:Neptune 1999:Jupiter 1930:Trojans 1598:deserts 1586:weather 1582:climate 1500:Mercury 1475:mantles 1436:Mercury 1377:aurorae 1328:is the 1297:of the 1006:ellipse 843:remnant 824:chaotic 799:migrate 711:As the 537:Neptune 521:Jupiter 515:); two 501:Mercury 493:planets 468:by the 440:is the 341:Neptune 191:Neptune 176:Jupiter 156:Mercury 148:Planets 22902:Models 22872:Orrery 22741:Galaxy 22729:Planet 22717:Desert 22625:bright 22563:Arabic 22384:Binary 22204:Bubble 21928:Planck 21903:Exotic 21839:Binary 21834:Pulsar 21772:Helium 21733:Barium 21676:Carbon 21669:Yellow 21657:Yellow 21630:Yellow 21469:PG1159 21256:(7.430 21247:Y-type 21196:L-type 21149:(8.724 21099:M-type 21036:(0 ly) 21026:G-type 21000:A-type 20864:Zodiac 20804:French 20509:Indian 20502:Hebrew 20241:Manner 20107: 20100: 20093: 20068: 20061: 20054: 20047: 20040: 20033: 20026: 19955:Syzygy 19877:Comets 19810:System 19795:Planet 19688:EXCEDE 19596:Uranus 19591:Saturn 19581:Comets 19574:mining 19552:mining 19442:Vulcan 19283:active 19278:Hygiea 19273:Pallas 19236:Uranus 19182:Uranus 19177:Saturn 19112:Comets 19104:bodies 19102:System 19048:Jovian 18992:Weywot 18987:Quaoar 18980:Namaka 18970:Haumea 18943:Charon 18919:all 16 18914:Nereid 18904:Triton 18892:all 28 18872:Oberon 18862:Uranus 18850:Phoebe 18830:Tethys 18805:Saturn 18798:all 95 18793:Europa 18766:Deimos 18761:Phobos 18740:Earth 18701:Quaoar 18696:Haumea 18676:Dwarfs 18662:Uranus 18650:Saturn 18635:Giants 18600:dwarfs 18547:Quaoar 18540:Haumea 18515:Uranus 18510:Saturn 18169:about 18001: 17887: 17715:(math) 17661: 17653: 17594: 17569: 17511: 17503: 17447: 17401: 17195: 17187: 17101: 17091: 17064: 17004:13 May 16990: 16953: 16945: 16882: 16825:1 June 16777: 16769: 16712: 16645: 16635: 16551:Icarus 16497: 16428: 16351:. L17. 16347: 16291: 16283: 16246:Nature 16224: 16169: 16161: 16124:Nature 16105: 16097: 16089: 16052:Nature 16026: 16018: 15954: 15946: 15909:Nature 15887: 15826: 15762: 15758:–163. 15698: 15668:: 13. 15374: 15366: 15339:Nature 15307: 15252:1 July 15188: 15180: 15154:Nature 15103: 15095: 15019: 14927: 14919: 14868: 14763: 14716: 14535: 14527: 14519: 14467: 14459: 14356: 14309: 14299: 14291: 14120: 14055: 13989: 13883: 13875: 13764:12 May 13747: 13719: 13711: 13684:Nature 13662: 13545:. 225. 13541: 13462:4 July 13423: 13413: 13358:5 July 13317: 13307: 13162:Icarus 13117:Icarus 13084: 13072:: 20. 13042: 12971: 12894: 12825: 12799:Icarus 12763: 12759:–620. 12695: 12687: 12679: 12642:Nature 12544: 12536: 12431:Icarus 12413: 12342:Icarus 12325: 12237: 12156:Icarus 12129:16 May 12107:16 May 12032: 12024: 11974: 11966: 11939:Nature 11882: 11821: 11813: 11772:924257 11770: 11762: 11705: 11680: 11670: 11413: 11377:Icarus 11305: 11297: 11270:Nature 11242:Cosmos 11117: 11109: 10823: 10785: 10737: 10688: 10520: 10512: 10429:Icarus 10261:3 June 10163: 10127:Icarus 10091:Icarus 10042: 10034: 9751: 9577: 9563:Nature 9436: 9384: 9347:Icarus 9287: 9103: 9008:(E4). 8894: 8886: 8802: 8759: 8751: 8733: 8655: 8629: 8529: 8521: 8477: 8317: 8307: 8195: 8185: 8160: 8142: 8113:Icarus 8052: 7998:23 May 7936: 7858:14 May 7832: 7777: 7722: 7714: 7609: 7521: 7514:Europa 7394:10 May 7368:10 May 7342:10 May 7280: 7274:227915 7272: 7264: 7217: 7139: 7084: 7027: 6993:10 May 6979: 6954: 6903:531535 6901: 6891: 6852: 6842: 6791: 6781: 6744: 6736: 6728: 6701:Nature 6679:15 May 6621: 6611: 6565:Icarus 6547: 6539: 6512:Nature 6486: 6325:Icarus 6161:. NASA 6131: 5991: 5860: 5850: 5801: 5791: 5738: 5710:Nature 5689: 5644: 5589: 5543: 5437: 5405: 5336: 5310: 5302: 5147: 5100: 4988: 4870: 4787: 4684: 4334:27 May 4245: 4237: 3955:where 3796:then: 3717:, and 3599:planet 3578:probes 3540:Vulcan 3520:Uranus 3513:Seneca 3289:. The 3248:, and 3205:, the 3199:Hyades 3113:, the 3099:, and 3017:, the 2970:, and 2916:nickel 2892:, and 2853:ionise 2822:Comets 2763:, the 2581:Weywot 2577:Quaoar 2548:Namaka 2540:Haumea 2506:Charon 2498:, and 2326:Triton 2291:, and 2281:Oberon 2241:Uranus 2231:Phoebe 2222:, and 2201:Helene 2180:, and 2178:Tethys 2134:Saturn 2121:Europa 2119:, and 2096:, and 2042:, and 2007:Uranus 2003:Saturn 1914:Pallas 1910:Pallas 1854:carbon 1827:Hygiea 1823:Pallas 1694:Deimos 1683:Phobos 1578:oxygen 1471:crusts 1338:plasma 1303:metals 1241:energy 994:Triton 941:Orbits 886:. The 789:, the 629:, the 606:, and 596:comets 582:, and 568:Quaoar 564:Haumea 533:Uranus 525:Saturn 470:fusion 294:comets 292:Known 281:Known 270:Known 256: 232:Quaoar 227:Haumea 201:Known 186:Uranus 181:Saturn 23057:Stars 22746:Guest 22550:Lists 22431:Super 22085:Fusor 21958:Black 21943:Quark 21923:Preon 21908:Boson 21844:X-ray 21760:Shell 21713:Ap/Bp 21615:Giant 21533:Early 21479:OH/IR 21309:Stars 20991:stars 20855:lists 20825:Women 20516:Inuit 20495:Greek 20433:Radar 20371:X-ray 20326:Radio 20306:Solar 19870:Lists 19606:Pluto 19564:Ceres 19542:Venus 19437:Tyche 19432:Theia 19268:Vesta 19263:Ceres 19204:Earth 19199:Venus 19162:Earth 19157:Venus 19137:moons 19100:Solar 19098:Small 19057:Rhean 19040:Rings 18953:Hydra 18938:Pluto 18931:Vanth 18926:Orcus 18882:Ariel 18840:Mimas 18825:Dione 18810:Titan 18733:Moons 18721:Sedna 18691:Pluto 18686:Orcus 18681:Ceres 18623:Earth 18618:Venus 18575:Sedna 18533:Pluto 18526:Orcus 18499:Ceres 18488:Earth 18483:Venus 18329:Texts 18278:Media 17969:2 May 17947:2 May 17789:Wired 17659:S2CID 17625:arXiv 17567:S2CID 17520:(PDF) 17509:S2CID 17501:JSTOR 17481:(PDF) 17440:Comet 17335: 17193:S2CID 16951:S2CID 16880:S2CID 16854:arXiv 16775:S2CID 16741:arXiv 16710:S2CID 16684:arXiv 16559:arXiv 16522:arXiv 16495:S2CID 16469:arXiv 16378:arXiv 16345:S2CID 16319:arXiv 16289:S2CID 16255:arXiv 16228:. 13. 16222:S2CID 16196:arXiv 16167:S2CID 16133:arXiv 16103:S2CID 16061:arXiv 16024:S2CID 15988:arXiv 15952:S2CID 15918:arXiv 15891:. 41. 15885:S2CID 15857:arXiv 15796:arXiv 15696:S2CID 15670:arXiv 15593:arXiv 15550:arXiv 15487:arXiv 15422:arXiv 15385:(PDF) 15372:S2CID 15334:(PDF) 15305:S2CID 15279:arXiv 15186:S2CID 15101:S2CID 15065:arXiv 15028:(PDF) 15017:S2CID 14991:arXiv 14977:(PDF) 14925:S2CID 14897:(3). 14805:(PDF) 14794:(PDF) 14761:S2CID 14714:S2CID 14533:S2CID 14465:S2CID 14429:arXiv 14205:(PDF) 14180:(PDF) 14118:S2CID 14090:arXiv 14053:S2CID 14025:arXiv 13993:. 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