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relating to aviation or perhaps entering politics there. "If I have deserved anything of my country—Rhodesia—it would delight me to have opportunity to serve her further," he wrote. Huggins replied that he was sympathetic, but that none of these ideas was practical: Harris would be too old by the time a new
Governor was needed; it might take years for Harris to enter Southern Rhodesian politics as he would first need to meet residency requirements, then cultivate support in a constituency; and Huggins felt he could not make promises about aviation posts with a general election coming up the following year. Harris finally dropped his dream of a return to Rhodesia, deeming it unworkable, and in 1948 moved instead to South Africa, where he managed the
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1114:, that his force would be able "to produce in Germany by April 1st 1944 a state of devastation in which surrender is inevitable" and then again in January 1944. Winston Churchill continued to regard the area bombing strategy with distaste and official public statements maintained that Bomber Command was attacking only specific industrial and economic targets, with any civilian casualties or property damage being unintentional but unavoidable. In October 1943, emboldened by his success in Hamburg and increasingly irritated with Churchill's hesitance to endorse his tactics wholeheartedly, Harris urged the government to be honest with the public regarding the purpose of the bombing campaign,
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1237:(AHB). Cox notes that half of the oil was produced by Benzol plants located in the Ruhr. These areas were the primary target of Bomber Command in 1943 and the autumn of 1944. Cox concludes that the targets were highly vulnerable to area attacks and suffered accordingly. The American official history notes that Harris was ordered to cease attacks on oil in November 1944, as the combined bombing had been so effective that none of the synthetic plants were operating effectively. The American history also includes information from
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1341:. In this book he wrote, concerning Dresden, "I know that the destruction of so large and splendid a city at this late stage of the war was considered unnecessary even by a good many people who admit that our earlier attacks were as fully justified as any other operation of war. Here I will only say that the attack on Dresden was at the time considered a military necessity by much more important people than myself." Bomber Command's crews were denied a separate campaign medal - as they were already eligible for both the
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which I could never subscribe. Attacks on cities like any other act of war are intolerable unless they are strategically justified. But they are strategically justified in so far as they tend to shorten the war and preserve the lives of Allied soldiers. To my mind we have absolutely no right to give them up unless it is certain that they will not have this effect. I do not personally regard the whole of the remaining cities of
Germany as worth the bones of one British Grenadier.
1205:), should exercise control of all strategic bomber forces in Europe. Harris received a new directive to ensure continuation of a broad strategic bombing programme as well as adequate bomber support for General Eisenhower's ground operations. The mission of the strategic air forces remained "the progressive destruction and dislocation of the German military, industrial and economic systems and the direct support of Land and Naval forces".
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749:, where it was disbanded; Harris was formally discharged on 31 July. He felt initially that he had done his part for the Empire, and went back to Rhodesia to resume work at Lowdale, but he and many of his former comrades soon reconsidered when it became clear that the war in Europe was going to last much longer than they had expected. They were reluctant to join the 2nd Rhodesia Regiment, which was being raised to serve in
753:, perceiving the "bush whacking" of the war's African theatre as less important than the "real war" in Europe. Harris sailed for England from Beira at the Company administration's expense in August, a member of a 300-man party of white Southern Rhodesian war volunteers. He arrived in October 1915, moved in with his parents in London and, after unsuccessfully attempting to find a position in first the cavalry, then the
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with sabotage and evidence with propaganda". Alfred C. Mierzejewski argues that area bombing and attacks against fuel plants were ineffective against
Germany's coal- and rail-based economy and that the bombing campaign only took a decisive turn in late 1944, when the allies switched to attacking railway-marshalling yards for the coal gateways of the Ruhr. His summation is rejected by
920:. At a time when all services were very short of equipment, the Army high command—which was still dominated by cavalry officers—clearly had a different set of priorities from technocrats like Harris, who quipped that the army commanders would only be happy with the tank if someone developed one that "ate hay and thereafter made noises like a horse". He also had a low opinion of the
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much Allied operations were impairing the German war effort. Harris tended to see the directives to bomb specific oil and munitions targets as a high level command "panacea" (his word) and a distraction from the real task of making the rubble bounce in every large German city. Harris was promoted to the substantive rank of air chief marshal on 16 August 1944.
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The aim of the
Combined Bomber Offensive ... should be unambiguously stated the destruction of German cities, the killing of German workers, and the disruption of civilised life throughout Germany ... the destruction of houses, public utilities, transport and lives, the creation of a refugee problem
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At first the effects were limited because of the small numbers of aircraft used and the lack of navigational aids, resulting in scattered, inaccurate bombing. As production of better aircraft and electronic aids increased, Harris pressed for raids on a much larger scale, each to use 1,000 aeroplanes.
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notes that the official history of
British strategic bombing says, in what Wasserstein describes as 'an unusually sharp personal observation', that "Harris made a habit of seeing only one side of a question and then of exaggerating it. He had a tendency to confuse advice with interference, criticism
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that lasted until March 1944. Harris sought to duplicate the victory at
Hamburg but Berlin proved to be a far more difficult target. Although severe general damage was inflicted, the city was much better prepared than Hamburg and no firestorms were ignited. Anti-aircraft defences were also extremely
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Harris was just one of an influential group of high-ranking Allied air commanders who continued to believe that massive and sustained area bombing alone would force
Germany to surrender. On a number of occasions he wrote to his superiors claiming the war would be over in a matter of months, first in
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from the Old
Testament, "The Nazis entered this war under the rather childish delusion that they were going to bomb everybody else, and nobody was going to bomb them. At Rotterdam, London, Warsaw and half a hundred other places, they put their rather naive theory into operation. They sowed the wind,
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during the first half of 1915. The campaign made a strong impression on Harris, particularly the long desert marches; three decades later, he wrote that "to this day I never walk a step if I can get any sort of vehicle to carry me". South-West Africa also provided Harris with his first experience of
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farmer who returned to
England to marry, but ultimately fell out with his pompous fiancée and married the more practical housemaid instead. The idea of a country where one was judged on ability rather than class was very inspiring to the adventurous Harris, who promptly told his father (who had just
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Disappointed to have missed the opportunity to return to
Southern Rhodesia as governor because of the war, Harris wrote to Huggins in June 1945 that he would like to be considered if the office were ever open again, and that he would be interested in other Southern Rhodesian government appointments
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but not informed of the source. According to Taylor, this directly affected Harris's attitude concerning the effectiveness of the post-D-Day 1944 directives (orders) to target oil installations, as Harris did not know the Allied High Command was using high-level German sources to assess exactly how
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late in the war as Germany was falling have been criticised for causing high civilian casualties for little apparent military value. The culmination of Bomber Command's offensive occurred in March 1945 when the RAF dropped the highest monthly weight of ordnance in the entire war. The last raid on
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in 1903. Harris quickly gained his employer's trust, and was made farm manager at Lowdale when Townsend went to visit England for a year in early 1914. Having acquired the skills necessary to ranch successfully in Rhodesia, Harris decided that he would start his own farm in the country as soon as
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I ... assume that the view under consideration is something like this: no doubt in the past we were justified in attacking German cities. But to do so was always repugnant and now that the Germans are beaten anyway we can properly abstain from proceeding with these attacks. This is a doctrine to
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When the First World War broke out in August 1914, Harris did not learn of it for nearly a month, being out in the bush at the time. Despite his previous reluctance to follow the path his father had had in mind for him in the army, and his desire to set up his own ranch in Rhodesia, Harris felt
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at the end of the year, Huggins being keen to install a self-identifying Rhodesian in that office rather than a high-ranking British figure. Though keen to take the position, Harris felt he could not leave the war at this key stage, an opinion shared by Churchill, who turned down the Southern
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The RAF Aircrew's nickname for Harris, "Butcher" or "Butch", was not bestowed as a comment on the morality of his bombing policy. It referred to his seeming indifference to the losses his aircrew were suffering. The losses were staggering: a crew member on a British bomber had a shorter life
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who looked surprised when she was jeered at by protesters, one of whom shouted, "Harris was a war criminal." No member of the cabinet attended the unveiling. An inscription on the statue reads: "The Nation owes them all an immense debt." Many ex-Bomber Command aircrew were present, including
604:, where his parents were staying while his father George Steel Travers Harris, a government engineer in India, was on home leave. With his father in India most of the time, Harris grew up without a sense of solid roots and belonging; he spent much of his later childhood with the family of a
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Despite protests from figures within Germany, with the mayor of Dresden visiting the British embassy to state his opposition, the Bomber Harris Trust, an RAF veterans' organisation formed to defend the reputation of their former commander, erected a statue of him outside the RAF Church of
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squadron. Harris later wrote of his time there that "We cut a hole in the nose and rigged up our own bomb racks and I turned those machines into the heaviest and best bombers in the command." Harris also contributed to the development of bombing techniques by promoting the deployment of
1605:. Harris divorced his first wife in 1935 and subsequently met Therese ('Jillie') Hearne, then twenty, through a mutual friend, and they married in 1938. Their daughter Jacqueline Jill was born in 1939; Harris is said to have "adored" her. She later married the Hon. Nicholas Assheton,
1301:, "ten thousand anti-aircraft guns ... could well have been employed in Russia against tanks and other ground targets". The Soviet commanders clearly recognized Harris's efforts, as shown by the 29 February 1944 award of the Russian Order of Suvorov First Class to the air marshal.
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Within the postwar British government there was some disquiet about the level of destruction that had been created by the area-bombing of German cities towards the end of the war. Harris retired on 15 September 1946 and wrote his story of Bomber Command's achievements in
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which killed a large number of civilians. Estimates vary but the city authorities at the time estimated no more than 25,000 victims, a figure which subsequent investigations, including one commissioned by the city council in 2010, support. Raids such as that on
816:(RAF) following the end of the First World War, choosing an air force career over a return to Rhodesia because he and his first wife Barbara had just had their first child, and he did not think Barbara would enjoy being a Rhodesian farmer's wife. In April 1920
1241:, in which he points out that Bomber Command's night attacks were the most effective. Harris was very encouraging of innovation but he resisted the creation of the Pathfinder Force and the development of precision strikes which had proven so effective in the
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that "one 250 lb. or 500 lb. bomb in each village that speaks out of turn" would satisfactorily solve the problem. The same year he visited Southern Rhodesia in a professional capacity to help the Southern Rhodesian government set up its own air force.
1193:; this was a switch he protested against because he felt it compromised the pressure being applied to German industry and using Bomber Command for a purpose it was not designed or suited for. By September the Allied forces were well inland; at the
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on an unprecedented scale, and the breakdown of morale both at home and at the battle fronts by fear of extended and intensified bombing, are accepted and intended aims of our bombing policy. They are not by-products of attempts to hit factories.
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In his postwar memoirs Harris wrote, "In spite of all that happened at Hamburg, bombing proved a relatively humane method". His wartime views were expressed in an internal secret memo to the Air Ministry after the Dresden raid in February 1945
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who attended against the advice of his doctors, saying "I would have gone even if I had to be carried on a stretcher", and died two months later. The statue had to be kept under 24-hour guard for a period of months as it was often vandalised.
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During the 1920s Harris occasionally doubted his decision to remain with the RAF rather than going back to Rhodesia; he submitted his resignation in May 1922, but was persuaded to stay. He helped devise
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A former Allhallows student, the actor Arthur Chudleigh, often visited the school and gave the boys free tickets to his shows. Harris received such a ticket in 1909, and went to see the play during his
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In this period Harris, and others, pressured senior staff for large strategic bombers, which could bomb German targets from England. This resulted in specifications from the Air Staff which led to the
660:. Harris earned his living over the next few years mining, coach-driving and farming. He received a more permanent position in November 1913, when he was taken on by Crofton Townsend, a man from near
1035:, circulated in August 1941, found that in 1940 and 1941 only one in three attacking aircraft got within five miles (eight kilometres) of their target. As part of the response Harris was appointed
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Harris married Barbara Daisy Kyrle Money, daughter of Lieutenant Ernle William K. Money, and his wife Alexandra Gruinard Battye, in August 1916. The marriage produced three children:
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instead of going back to Allhallows for the new term. Harris's father was disappointed, having had in mind a military or civil service career for his son, but reluctantly agreed.
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Berlin took place on the night of 21/22 April, just before the Soviets entered the city centre. After that, most of the rest of the attacks made by the RAF were
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Townsend returned. According to Probert, Harris by now regarded himself "primarily as a Rhodesian", a self-identification he retained for the rest of his life.
624:, respectively; according to biographer Henry Probert, this was because Sherborne and Eton were expensive and "there was not much money left for number three".
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In 1989, five years after Harris's death, a one-off feature-length drama about Harris's tenure as AOC-in-C of Bomber Command was broadcast under the title
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was one of the few army officers he met while at the college whom he liked, possibly because they shared certain underlying personality characteristics.
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After D-Day (6 June 1944), with the resumption of the strategic bomber campaign over Germany, Harris remained wedded to area bombardment. The historian
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Whenever the bombing campaign of World War II is considered it must be appreciated that the war was an "integrated process". As an example, quoting
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in England, and in February 1942 was appointed head of Bomber Command. He retained that position for the rest of the war. In the same year, the
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effective and bomber losses were high; the British lost 1,047 bombers, with a further 1,682 damaged, culminating in the disastrous raid on
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aerial bombing: the sole German aircraft in South-West Africa attempted to drop artillery shells on his unit, but failed to do any damage.
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and now they are going to reap the whirlwind." Harris comments that he first made this comparison while standing with Portal watching the
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air commanders still thought area bombing was less effective. In November 1943 Bomber Command began what became known as the
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and in 1938 he was put in command of No. 4 (Bomber) Group. After a purchasing mission to the United States he was posted to
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The phrase "worth the bones of one British grenadier" was a deliberate echo of a famous sentence used by German Chancellor
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730:. Having learnt to bugle at Allhallows, he successfully applied to be a bugler and was sworn in on 20 October 1914.
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After the war Harris moved to South Africa, where he managed the South African Marine Corporation. He was created a
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and he became baronet. In the same year he returned to the UK, and lived his remaining years in the Ferry House in
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on 30 January 1945. The most controversial raid of the war took place in the late evening of 13 February 1945. The
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on 30 June 1933. From 1934 to 1937 he was the Deputy Director of Plans in the Air Ministry. He was posted to the
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Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920
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remained controversial owing to the large number of civilian casualties and destruction the strategy caused in
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in Iraq in 1923. One year later he was posted to the UK to command the first postwar heavy bomber squadron (
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Among the Dead Cities: The History and Moral Legacy of the WWII Bombing of Civilians in Germany and Japan
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Harris was promoted to the substantive rank of air marshal on 1 January 1944 and awarded the Russian
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When the South-West African Campaign ended in July 1915, the 1st Rhodesia Regiment was withdrawn to
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The Collapse of the German War Economy, 1944–1945: Allied Air Power and the German National Railway
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Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage, 107th edition, vol. 1, Burke's Peerage Ltd, 2003, p. 828
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in late 1915 and, having been confirmed in his rank, then went on to serve with distinction on the
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in South Africa, but he found that only two positions were available: as a machine-gunner or as a
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rector, the Reverend C E Graham-Jones, whom he later recalled fondly. Harris was educated at
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invasion in 1944, Harris was ordered to switch targets for the French railway network under the
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in February 1942. He was advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 11 June 1942.
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War Damage in Western Europe: The Destruction of Historic Monuments During the Second World War
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In February 1953 Winston Churchill, now prime minister again, insisted that Harris accept a
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At the war's conclusion, Harris was given various decorations. He was awarded the Polish
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on Home Defence duties, Harris claimed five enemy aircraft destroyed and was awarded the
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Goulter, Christina. "Sir Arthur Harris: Different Perspectives". In Gary Sheffield, ed.
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The Last Word? Essays on Official History in the United States and British Commonwealth
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on 30 March 1944, when 94 bombers were shot down and 71 damaged, out of 795 aircraft.
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United States Army in World War II European Theater of Operations The Supreme Command
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squadron, where he continued to develop night flying techniques. He was promoted to
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3227:"SIR ARTHUR T. HARRIS IS DEAD AT 91; LED BRITAIN'S BOMBER COMMAND (Published 1984)"
1709:"The whole of the Balkans is not worth the bones of a single Pomeranian grenadier".
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argues that, because Harris lacked the necessary security clearance to know about
1090:(Köln) on the night of 30/31 May 1942. This operation included the first use of a
796:(AFC) on 2 November 1918. Intending to return to Rhodesia one day, Harris wore a "
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in 1918. Harris remained in the Air Force through the 1920s and 1930s, serving in
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A Thousand Shall Fall: The True Story of a Canadian Bomber Pilot in World War Two
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missions. The last big strategic raid was the destruction of the oil refinery in
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August 1943 following the tremendous success of the Battle of Hamburg (codenamed
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Airpower in Small Wars: Fighting Insurgents and Terrorists (Modern War Studies)
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campaign. It was accepted by Cabinet and Harris was directed to carry out the
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Bellamy, Alex J. "The ethics of terror bombing: Beyond supreme emergency".
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on its way to South Africa in November 1914. Harris was with the unit as a
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Ethics and Air Power in World War II: The British Bombing of German Cities
3204:"Therese (née Hearne), Lady Harris; Jacqueline Jill Assheton (née Harris)"
561:
in carrying out the United Kingdom's most devastating attacks against the
41:"Bomber Harris" redirects here. For the television film of that name, see
4799:
4721:
4459:
3867:
Getting MAD: Nuclear Mutual Assured Destruction, Its Origins and Practice
3456:
1390:
1032:
1025:
943:
in Egypt, as a senior Air Staff Officer. In 1936 Harris commented on the
932:
917:
669:
661:
160:
1271:
861:
during their suppression of various Middle Eastern revolts (such as the
1696:
expectancy than an infantryman in the trenches of the First World War.
921:
773:
769:
657:
597:
135:
1849:
Havers 2003, p. 69. See also Ben Macintyre's review of Richard Overy,
5009:
Foreign recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States)
4474:
4446:
1658:
1369:
1362:
1257:
1159:
1133:
1063:
913:
821:
776:
and in France during 1917 as a flight commander and ultimately CO of
746:
616:, while his two elder brothers were educated at the more prestigious
550:
4989:
British military personnel of the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
844:
tribesmen trouble. His squadron was equipped with poorly-maintained
695:
664:
in Ireland who had moved to Rhodesia and founded Lowdale Farm near
633:
2438:"The Thousand Bomber raids, 30/31 May (Cologne) to 17 August 1942"
1353:
in 1946; he was the sole commander-in-chief not to become a peer.
3748:
The Bombers and the Bombed: Allied Air War Over Europe, 1940–1945
1851:
The Bombers and the Bombed: Allied Air War Over Europe, 1940–1945
1350:
1170:
1087:
637:
retired and returned to England) that he intended to emigrate to
585:
65:
1197:
it was agreed that the Chief of the Air Staff, Royal Air Force (
1012:
Harris returned to Britain in September 1939 to take command of
1585:
1566:
1547:
1322:
1275:
837:
727:
699:
665:
653:
519:
4054:
Air of Authority – A History of RAF Organisation – MRAF Harris
644:
In early 1910, Harris senior paid his son's passage on the SS
4010:"Sir Arthur 'Bomber' Harris: An effective leader in command?"
1181:
A pile of bodies in Dresden awaiting cremation, February 1945
1086:
Harris launched the first RAF "thousand bomber raid" against
613:
3996:
Bomber Harris and the Strategie Bombing Offensive: 1939-1945
3067:"Grand Officier de l' Ordre National de la Legion d'Honneur"
1383:
In 1974 Harris appeared in the acclaimed documentary series
1278:
by a large group of Lancasters on the night of 25/26 April.
4044:
Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary, Commanders
3942:
7.1 (2008): 41–65. On the British decision to bomb Germany.
2509:
Barbarism and Civilization: A History of Europe in Our Time
2133:"The 1920s British air bombing campaign in Iraq – BBC News"
1069:
At the start of the bombing campaign, Harris said, quoting
605:
3048:"Whirlwind: Bombing Germany (September 1939 – April 1944)"
101:
Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur Travers Harris, 24 April 1944
4001:
Neillands, Robin. "Facts and myths about Bomber Harris".
3657:
The Bombers: The RAF offensive against Germany 1939–1945
2828:
2826:
5049:
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
3692:. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
2501:
2499:
800:" shoulder flash on his uniform. He finished the war a
3966:
The Challenges of High Command: The British Experience
2681:
The Strategic Air Offensive against Germany, 1939–1945
2001:
1999:
1531:
Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta (Poland)
498:. In 1915, Harris returned to England to fight in the
4284:
Air Officer Commanding RAF Palestine and Transjordan
2823:
1329:
by the United States on 14 June 1946 and promoted to
1319:
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Southern Cross
1201:), and the Commanding General, U.S. Army Air Forces (
4964:
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)
4049:
The Destruction of Dresden – Die Zerstörung Dresdens
3260:"Grave Sir Arthur Harris - Goring - TracesOfWar.com"
2496:
2418:
2190:
1024:
in November 1940 and promoted to the acting rank of
737:, then served alongside the South African forces in
506:, with which he remained until the formation of the
2724:. RAF Historical Society. p. 6. Archived from
1996:
1110:), when he assured the Chief of the Air Staff, Sir
569:. Harris's orders from the war cabinet to focus on
443:(13 April 1892 – 5 April 1984), commonly known as "
4949:Recipients of the Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)
4039:Personality Profile: Air Marshal Sir Arthur Harris
3973:
3611:
3162:
1216:, he had been given some information gleaned from
820:Harris was jointly appointed station commander of
652:in Mozambique, from where he travelled by rail to
4447:RAF strategic bombing during the Second World War
4401:(of Chipping Wycombe in the County of Buckingham)
3635:The Second World War: Europe, 1939–1943, Volume 4
4935:
2678:
1644:. He is buried in Burntwood Cemetery at Goring.
5019:Grand Crosses of the Order of Polonia Restituta
3089:
3087:
2679:Webster, Sir Charles; Frankland, Noble (1961).
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
3948:The Destruction of Memory: Architecture at War
3280:. British Film Institute. 1989. Archived from
1972:(Supplement). 10 December 1915. p. 12410.
347:Grand Cross of the Order of the Southern Cross
5054:Recipients of the Order of Suvorov, 1st class
4432:
3504:The Costs of War: America's Pyrrhic Victories
2921:
2919:
2898:
2896:
2875:
2873:
2852:
2850:
2766:
2764:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2616:(Supplement). 29 February 1944. p. 1010.
2228:Gilmour, Ian and Andrew. "Terrorism Review".
2152:
2150:
2029:(Supplement). 1 November 1918. p. 12958.
1892:
1890:
1325:on 13 November 1945. He was also awarded the
889:). His commander in Iraq had been the future
828:. He later served in different capacities in
733:The 1st Rhodesia Regiment briefly garrisoned
565:infrastructure and population, including the
342:Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta
5069:Royal Air Force air marshals of World War II
5029:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
3305:"Dresden protests statue of "Bomber" Harris"
3084:
2955:(Supplement). 28 December 1945. p. 187.
2557:
2472:(Supplement). 4 December 1942. p. 5338.
2342:
2091:
1940:
1938:
1786:Ordem Nacional do Cruzeiro do Sul – Grã-Cruz
1640:Harris died on 5 April 1984, at his home in
549:. Harris was given the task of implementing
5064:Rhodesian military personnel of World War I
4944:Officers of the Order of the British Empire
3554:. New York: Walker Publishing Company Inc.
2780:(Supplement). 26 January 1945. p. 640.
2668:(Supplement). 25 August 1944. p. 3995.
2591:(Supplement). 31 December 1943. p. 89.
2512:. Oxford: Oxford University press. p.
2505:
1899:
1389:produced by Thames Television and shown on
1315:Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
1256:by the RAF and USAAF resulting in a lethal
788:. Before he returned to Britain to command
310:Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
32:Sir Arthur Harris, 1st Baronet, of Stowford
4897:Air operations during the Battle of Europe
4439:
4425:
2916:
2893:
2870:
2847:
2761:
2693:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2620:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2492:(Supplement). 26 March 1943. p. 1468.
2147:
2015:
2013:
2011:
1887:
1869:
899:Officer of the Order of the British Empire
451:by the press and often within the RAF as "
314:Officer of the Order of the British Empire
95:
27:Marshal of the Royal Air Force (1892–1984)
5014:Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley
3971:
3224:
2935:(Supplement). 11 June 1946. p. 3007.
2866:(Supplement). 10 June 1948. p. 3084.
2683:. Vol. IV. London. pp. 135–137.
2280:(Supplement). 30 June 1939. p. 4452.
1935:
1313:First Class on 12 June 1945, advanced to
3009:
2945:
2925:
2912:(Supplement). 8 June 1945. p. 5534.
2902:
2889:(Supplement). 8 June 1945. p. 2936.
2879:
2856:
2770:
2658:
2606:
2581:
2482:
2462:
2376:(Supplement). 5 June 1942. p. 2478.
2366:
2328:
2318:(Supplement). 9 July 1940. p. 4245.
2308:
2270:
2250:
2208:
2176:
2166:(Supplement). 31 May 1927. p. 3611.
2156:
2019:
1982:
1962:
1628:
1176:
1165:
1154:
993:
848:aircraft. In Mesopotamia he commanded a
685:
467:during the height of the Anglo-American
4954:Chief Commanders of the Legion of Merit
4074:Newspaper clippings about Arthur Harris
4064:Imperial War Museum Interview from 1978
4059:Imperial War Museum Interview from 1977
3825:Bomber Harris: The Authorized Biography
3796:, Department of the United States Army.
3794:Office of the Chief of Military History
2816:
2814:
2595:
2008:
908:From 1927 to 1929, Harris attended the
632:. The lead character in the show was a
14:
4984:British emigrants to Southern Rhodesia
4959:Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour
4936:
3968:(Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003) 126–136.
3912:
3587:
3436:
3350:
2832:
2424:
2196:
2088:Probert, in chapter 'Carving a career'
1843:
1669:, London, in 1992. It was unveiled by
951:On 2 July 1937 Harris was promoted to
857:, which were subsequently utilised by
421:Sir Arthur Travers Harris, 1st Baronet
337:Chief Commander of the Legion of Merit
5044:People educated at Allhallows College
4892:United States Army Air Forces (USAAF)
4420:
3945:
3709:Dresden 1944/45: Leben im Bombenkrieg
3411:
1062:. It became an important part of the
596:Harris was born on 13 April 1892, at
588:in 1953. He died in England in 1984.
471:campaign against Nazi Germany in the
352:Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour
30:For the 17th century politician, see
4887:Aerial defence of the United Kingdom
3827:. New York: Time-Warner Paperbacks.
3439:Bomber Boys: Fighting Back 1940–1945
3325:
3175:from the original on 12 January 2022
2811:
1682:
1540:National Order of the Southern Cross
812:Harris remained in the newly formed
707:patriotically compelled to join the
4552:Combined Bomber Offensive (1943–44)
3745:(Published in the United States as
3637:. Abingdon, Oxford, UK: Routledge.
3486:. London: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2232:, Volume 17, Issue 2, 1988, p. 131.
1619:Ralph Assheton, 1st Baron Clitheroe
1376:, located directly adjacent to the
989:
711:. He quickly attempted to join the
494:and saw action in South Africa and
24:
5039:Military personnel from Cheltenham
4908:Death by Moonlight: Bomber Command
4034:Biography at Spartacus Educational
3932:
3330:. London: Macmillan. p. 424.
3302:
1498:Order of Suvorov, 1st Class (USSR)
1018:Companion of the Order of the Bath
807:
681:
676:
25:
5085:
4027:
3915:Dresden: Tuesday 13 February 1945
3806:Bomber Harris: His Life and Times
3731:The Bombing War: Europe 1939–1945
3095:"Harris, Arthur Travers "Bomber""
2440:. Royal Air Force. Archived from
1992:. 11 February 1916. p. 1591.
1810:Légion d'honneur - Grand-officier
765:on probation on 6 November 1915.
4537:Area bombing of cities (1942–43)
4384:Baronetage of the United Kingdom
3385:
3359:
3344:
3319:
3296:
3270:
3252:
3225:Middleton, Drew (7 April 1984).
3218:
3196:
3187:
3155:
3146:
3019:. 13 February 1953. p. 906.
1671:Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
1611:Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
1572:
1553:
1534:
1508:
1475:
1462:Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)
1456:
1433:
1410:
1359:South African Marine Corporation
1317:on 14 June 1945 and appointed a
1248:Harris was awarded the American
826:No. 3 Flying Training School RAF
537:in 1939, Harris took command of
486:in 1910, aged 17. He joined the
410:South African Marine Corporation
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
172:
5034:Marshals of the Royal Air Force
4994:British World War I flying aces
4465:RAF strategic bombing 1942–1945
3688:Mierzejewski, Alfred C (1988).
3369:. UK Attraction. Archived from
3137:
3112:
3059:
3041:
3032:
3023:
3003:
2994:
2985:
2959:
2939:
2838:
2802:
2793:
2784:
2752:
2743:
2716:
2710:
2701:
2672:
2652:
2643:
2634:
2575:
2566:
2548:
2539:
2530:
2476:
2456:
2430:
2406:
2380:
2360:
2351:
2322:
2302:
2293:
2284:
2264:
2244:
2235:
2222:
2202:
2170:
2125:
2116:
2107:
2082:
2060:
2051:
2042:
2033:
1976:
1956:
1947:
1926:
1855:The New York Times Book Review,
1823:
1814:
1799:
1790:
1775:
1766:
1757:
1748:
1739:
1730:
1721:
1712:
1699:
1304:
901:on 3 June 1927 and promoted to
715:, which had been raised by the
557:Marshal of the Royal Air Force
547:"area bombing" of German cities
461:Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief
43:Bomber Harris (television film)
3998:(Arms and Armour Press, 1984).
3530:. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
3465:. University Press of Kansas.
1917:
1908:
1878:
1860:
1689:
1582:Étoile en bronze - Bronze star
1331:Marshal of the Royal Air Force
418:Marshal of the Royal Air Force
216:Marshal of the Royal Air Force
55:Marshal of the Royal Air Force
18:Sir Arthur Harris, 1st Baronet
13:
1:
4470:Area Bombing Directive (1942)
4338:Deputy Chief of the Air Staff
4222:RAF Deputy Director of Plans
3120:"Croix de Guerre (1939-1945)"
2506:Wasserstein, Bernard (2007).
2218:. 30 June 1933. p. 4386.
1501:Distinguished Service Medal (
1048:Professor Frederick Lindemann
1022:Deputy Chief of the Air Staff
999:
591:
236:RAF Palestine and Transjordan
3842:Shores, Christopher (1990).
3328:The making of modern Britain
2357:Longmate 1983, pp. 138, 140.
2338:. 6 June 1941. p. 3231.
2260:. 2 July 1937. p. 4253.
2230:Journal of Palestine Studies
2186:. 1 July 1927. p. 4240.
1836:
1020:on 11 July 1940 he was made
717:British South Africa Company
7:
5074:Royal Flying Corps officers
5059:Rhodesia Regiment personnel
4480:Casablanca directive (1943)
4078:20th Century Press Archives
4008:Quast, Lou, and David Lee.
3917:. New York: HarperCollins.
3872:Strategic Studies Institute
3808:. London: Greenhill Books.
3707:Neutzner, Matthias (2003).
3592:. London: Greenhill Books.
3588:Harris, Sir Arthur (2005).
3459:; Johnson, Wray R. (2003).
3206:. National Portrait Gallery
2135:. Bbc.co.uk. 7 October 2014
2068:"The bombing of Waziristan"
1439:Order of the British Empire
1327:Distinguished Service Medal
332:Distinguished Service Medal
327:Order of Suvorov, 1st Class
10:
5090:
4557:Battle of Berlin (1943–44)
4501:Frederick "Prof" Lindemann
3972:Lambourne, Nicola (2001).
3950:. London: Reaktion Books.
3940:Journal of Military Ethics
3870:. Carlisle, Pennsylvania:
3750:. New York: Viking. 2014.
3683:. Oxford University Press.
3526:Garret, Stephen A (1993).
3507:. Piscataway, New Jersey:
3000:Probert 2006, pp. 364–372.
2991:Probert 2006, pp. 346–351.
2113:Corum and Wray 2003, p. 65
1311:Order of Polonia Restituta
931:His next command was of a
502:of the war. He joined the
40:
29:
4879:
4828:
4782:
4709:
4643:
4600:
4547:Battle of the Ruhr (1943)
4524:
4488:
4452:
4407:
4394:
4389:
4382:
4372:
4362:
4354:
4344:
4335:
4327:
4317:
4307:
4299:
4289:
4282:
4274:
4264:
4254:
4237:
4227:
4220:
4212:
4200:
4192:
4182:
4174:
4164:
4154:
4149:
4139:
4129:
4124:
4114:
4102:
4094:
4089:
3913:Taylor, Fredrick (2004).
3874:, U.S. Army War College.
3422:. Pen & Sword Books.
1633:Statue of Harris outside
1624:
1592:
1578:Croix de guerre 1939–1945
1404:
768:Harris learned to fly at
404:
305:
287:
221:
211:
203:
185:
167:
146:
122:
114:
106:
94:
52:
4871:Light Night Strike Force
4303:William Bertram Callaway
3437:Bishop, Patrick (2007).
2707:Mierzejewski 1988, p. 47
2241:Probert 2006, pp. 72–74.
2122:Probert 2006, pp. 49–50.
2057:Probert 2006, pp. 45–46.
1953:Probert 2006, pp. 35–36.
1896:Probert 2006, pp. 27–30.
1875:Probert 2006, pp. 26–28.
1796:Awarded 13 November 1945
1745:Awarded 29 February 1944
1617:in 2002, younger son of
296:Arab revolt in Palestine
34:. For other people, see
4979:Aerial warfare pioneers
4309:Air Officer Commanding
4256:Air Officer Commanding
4069:RAF Interview from 1977
4015:25 October 2017 at the
3846:. London: Grub Street.
3823:Saward, Dudley (1990).
3680:The War, The Sixth Year
3501:Denson, John V (1999).
3395:. History Learning Site
2545:Garret 1993, pp. 32–33.
1763:Awarded 30 January 1945
1736:Awarded 2 November 1918
1485:Mentioned in Dispatches
1420:Knight/Dame Grand Cross
1347:France and Germany Star
1066:waged against Germany.
945:Palestinian Arab revolt
875:Mahmud Barzanji revolts
533:At the outbreak of the
490:at the outbreak of the
322:Mentioned in Despatches
4999:Burials in Oxfordshire
4511:Sir Archibald Sinclair
4496:Arthur "Bomber" Harris
4475:Dehousing paper (1942)
3946:Bevan, Robert (2006).
3895:Inside The Third Reich
3766:Peden, Murray (2003).
3733:. London: Allen Lane.
3659:. London: Hutchinson.
3633:Havers, Robin (2003).
3618:. Dial Press/J. Wade.
3509:Transaction Publishers
3053:British Film Institute
2388:"Blitzed by guidebook"
2348:Longmate 1983, p. 121.
2299:Longmate 1983, p. 140.
2104:Longmate 1983, p. 139.
1905:Longmate 1983, p. 138.
1809:
1785:
1637:
1298:Inside The Third Reich
1289:
1182:
1174:
1163:
1121:
1060:Area bombing directive
1009:
891:Chief of the Air Staff
703:
555:Chief of the Air Staff
482:, Harris emigrated to
4656:Boston (Douglas DB-7)
4542:U-boat pens (1943–44)
4532:Oil targets (1940-45)
4019:(UK Dept of Defence,
3480:Cross, Robin (1995).
3420:The Salford Lancaster
3418:Bamford, Joe (1996).
3326:Marr, Andrew (2009).
3029:Probert 2006, p. 374.
2971:The National Archives
2820:Grayling 2006, p. 215
2631:Probert 2006, p. 358.
2572:Hastings 1979, p. 261
2563:Longmate 1983, p.137.
2554:Sokolski 2004, p. 36.
1857:23 March 2014, p. 16.
1632:
1481:War Medal 1939 – 1945
1365:) from 1946 to 1953.
1284:
1235:Air Historical Branch
1180:
1169:
1158:
1116:
997:
722:to help put down the
713:1st Rhodesia Regiment
692:1st Rhodesia Regiment
689:
488:1st Rhodesia Regiment
204:Years of service
110:Arthur Travers Harris
4902:Defence of the Reich
4376:Sir Norman Bottomley
4005:146.2 (2001): 69–73.
3994:Messenger, Charles.
3792:. Washington, D.C.:
3711:. Verlag Der Kunst.
3569:Grey, Peter (2003).
3441:. Harper Perennial.
2808:Bamford 1996, p. 143
2799:McInnis 1946, p. 115
2790:Neutzner 2003, p. 70
2649:Taylor 2004, p. 202.
2536:Denson 1999, p. 352.
2048:Probert 2006, p. 46.
2039:Probert 2006, p. 43.
2005:Shores 1990, p. 185.
1944:Probert 2006, p. 35.
1932:Probert 2006, p. 33.
1923:Probert 2006, p. 32.
1914:Probert 2006, p. 31.
1884:Probert 2006, p. 24.
1866:Probert 2006, p. 23.
1772:Awarded 12 June 1945
1754:Awarded 14 June 1946
1718:Awarded 14 June 1945
1343:Air Crew Europe Star
1084:Operation Millennium
976:Handley Page Halifax
871:Ahmed Barzani revolt
863:Iraqi revolt of 1920
4805:Intruder operations
4619:("Dambusters" raid)
4364:Commander-in-Chief
4202:Officer Commanding
4184:Officer Commanding
4156:Officer Commanding
4131:Officer Commanding
4104:Officer Commanding
4098:Pierre van Ryneveld
3573:. Praeger, London.
3284:on 14 November 2007
3164:"Nicholas Assheton"
3152:Saward 1990, p. 202
3124:www.tracesofwar.com
3099:www.tracesofwar.com
3071:www.tracesofwar.com
2758:Bishop 2007, p. 340
2640:Pogue 1954, p. 273.
1727:Awarded 3 June 1927
1661:in the title role.
1401:of Bomber Command.
1333:on 1 January 1946.
1226:Bernard Wasserstein
1152:Rhodesian request.
1145:Sir Godfrey Huggins
941:Middle East Command
846:Bristol F.2 Fighter
842:North West Frontier
782:Sopwith 1½ Strutter
575:precision targeting
4922:Target for Tonight
4506:Sir Charles Portal
4460:Butt Report (1941)
4242:Title last held by
4112:18–24 August 1917
4021:Geddes Papers 2004
3862:Sokolski, Henry D.
3412:General references
3373:on 1 November 2005
3231:The New York Times
3171:. 6 January 2013.
3143:Saward 1990, p. 48
3038:Peden 2003, p. 484
3016:The London Gazette
2952:The London Gazette
2932:The London Gazette
2909:The London Gazette
2886:The London Gazette
2863:The London Gazette
2844:Speer 2009, p. 381
2777:The London Gazette
2665:The London Gazette
2613:The London Gazette
2588:The London Gazette
2489:The London Gazette
2469:The London Gazette
2415:King James Version
2373:The London Gazette
2335:The London Gazette
2315:The London Gazette
2277:The London Gazette
2257:The London Gazette
2215:The London Gazette
2183:The London Gazette
2163:The London Gazette
2026:The London Gazette
1989:The London Gazette
1969:The London Gazette
1638:
1254:bombing of Dresden
1183:
1175:
1164:
1108:Operation Gomorrah
1102:on 18 March 1943.
1037:Commander-in-Chief
1010:
926:Bernard Montgomery
910:Army Staff College
855:delay-action bombs
759:Royal Flying Corps
704:
579:continental Europe
567:Bombing of Dresden
504:Royal Flying Corps
465:RAF Bomber Command
4931:
4930:
4866:No. 100 Group RAF
4611:(Friedrichshafen)
4415:
4414:
4408:Succeeded by
4373:Succeeded by
4345:Succeeded by
4318:Succeeded by
4290:Succeeded by
4265:Succeeded by
4251:
4228:Succeeded by
4204:RAF Pembroke Dock
4193:Succeeded by
4165:Succeeded by
4140:Succeeded by
4115:Succeeded by
4090:Military offices
3957:978-1-86189-319-2
3834:978-0-72217-658-0
3786:Pogue, Forrest C.
3770:. Dundurn Group.
3644:978-0-415-96846-1
3625:978-0-8037-0154-0
3337:978-0-230-70942-3
3315:on 15 March 2012.
2749:Grey 2003, p. 166
2523:978-0-19-873074-3
2444:on 27 August 2014
1683:Explanatory notes
1635:St. Clement Danes
1416:Order of the Bath
1195:Quebec Conference
1100:air chief marshal
1056:strategic bombing
1052:Winston Churchill
824:and commander of
763:second lieutenant
739:South-West Africa
639:Southern Rhodesia
610:Allhallows School
530:, and elsewhere.
496:South West Africa
469:strategic bombing
415:
414:
246:RAF Pembroke Dock
60:Sir Arthur Harris
16:(Redirected from
5081:
5004:English aviators
4856:No. 6 Group RCAF
4790:Area bombardment
4774:Target indicator
4747:Blockbuster bomb
4562:Transport (1944)
4441:
4434:
4427:
4418:
4417:
4355:Preceded by
4348:Norman Bottomley
4328:Preceded by
4321:Norman Bottomley
4300:Preceded by
4275:Preceded by
4249:
4213:Preceded by
4186:No. 210 Squadron
4175:Preceded by
4095:Preceded by
4087:
4086:
4003:The RUSI Journal
3991:
3980:. Edinburgh UP.
3979:
3961:
3928:
3909:
3885:
3857:
3838:
3819:
3797:
3781:
3761:
3744:
3722:
3703:
3684:
3670:
3653:Longmate, Norman
3648:
3629:
3617:
3603:
3590:Bomber Offensive
3584:
3565:
3541:
3522:
3497:
3476:
3452:
3433:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3348:
3342:
3341:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3311:. Archived from
3300:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3200:
3194:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3166:
3159:
3153:
3150:
3144:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3091:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3063:
3057:
3045:
3039:
3036:
3030:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3007:
3001:
2998:
2992:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2923:
2914:
2913:
2900:
2891:
2890:
2877:
2868:
2867:
2854:
2845:
2842:
2836:
2830:
2821:
2818:
2809:
2806:
2800:
2797:
2791:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2768:
2759:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2731:on 8 August 2014
2730:
2723:
2717:Cox, Sebastian.
2714:
2708:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2692:
2684:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2656:
2650:
2647:
2641:
2638:
2632:
2629:
2618:
2617:
2604:
2593:
2592:
2579:
2573:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2555:
2552:
2546:
2543:
2537:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2503:
2494:
2493:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2364:
2358:
2355:
2349:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2306:
2300:
2297:
2291:
2290:Saward 1990, p47
2288:
2282:
2281:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2233:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2154:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2089:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2049:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2017:
2006:
2003:
1994:
1993:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1933:
1930:
1924:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1885:
1882:
1876:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1858:
1847:
1830:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1812:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1788:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1755:
1752:
1746:
1743:
1737:
1734:
1728:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1710:
1703:
1697:
1693:
1676:Leonard Cheshire
1667:St Clement Danes
1576:
1559:Legion of Honour
1557:
1538:
1512:
1505:) (US Army type)
1479:
1460:
1437:
1414:
1395:Laurence Olivier
1386:The World At War
1374:Goring-on-Thames
1339:Bomber Offensive
1243:Dambusters' raid
1210:Frederick Taylor
1141:Order of Suvorov
1129:Battle of Berlin
1028:on 1 June 1941.
1004:
1001:
990:Second World War
967:on 1 July 1939.
965:air vice-marshal
905:on 1 July 1927.
859:RAF Iraq Command
799:
724:Maritz Rebellion
535:Second World War
500:European theatre
473:Second World War
442:
437:
430:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
300:Second World War
281:No. 191 Squadron
251:No. 210 Squadron
187:
178:
176:
175:
157:Goring-on-Thames
153:
132:
130:
99:
89:
84:
77:
70:
50:
49:
21:
5089:
5088:
5084:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5079:
5078:
5024:Harris baronets
4934:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4875:
4861:No. 8 Group RAF
4851:No. 5 Group RAF
4846:No. 4 Group RAF
4841:No. 3 Group RAF
4836:No. 1 Group RAF
4824:
4820:Shuttle bombing
4778:
4752:Earthquake bomb
4705:
4639:
4596:
4520:
4484:
4448:
4445:
4411:
4404:
4399:
4378:
4369:
4360:
4350:
4341:
4333:
4323:
4314:
4305:
4295:
4286:
4280:
4270:
4261:
4248:
4243:
4233:
4224:
4218:
4207:
4196:
4189:
4180:
4170:
4161:
4158:No. 58 Squadron
4145:
4136:
4133:No. 45 Squadron
4120:
4111:
4108:
4106:No. 45 Squadron
4100:
4030:
4017:Wayback Machine
3988:
3958:
3935:
3933:Further reading
3925:
3906:
3888:
3882:
3860:
3854:
3841:
3835:
3822:
3816:
3800:
3784:
3778:
3765:
3758:
3746:
3741:
3725:
3719:
3706:
3700:
3687:
3673:
3667:
3651:
3645:
3632:
3626:
3606:
3600:
3581:
3568:
3562:
3546:Grayling, A. C.
3544:
3538:
3525:
3519:
3500:
3494:
3479:
3473:
3457:Corum, James S.
3455:
3449:
3430:
3417:
3414:
3409:
3408:
3398:
3396:
3393:"Harris Statue"
3391:
3390:
3386:
3376:
3374:
3367:"Harris Statue"
3365:
3364:
3360:
3351:Morris (2000).
3349:
3345:
3338:
3324:
3320:
3301:
3297:
3287:
3285:
3278:"Bomber Harris"
3276:
3275:
3271:
3264:tracesofwar.com
3258:
3257:
3253:
3243:
3241:
3223:
3219:
3209:
3207:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3192:
3188:
3178:
3176:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3151:
3147:
3142:
3138:
3128:
3126:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3103:
3101:
3093:
3092:
3085:
3075:
3073:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3046:
3042:
3037:
3033:
3028:
3024:
3008:
3004:
2999:
2995:
2990:
2986:
2976:
2974:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2944:
2940:
2924:
2917:
2901:
2894:
2878:
2871:
2855:
2848:
2843:
2839:
2831:
2824:
2819:
2812:
2807:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2789:
2785:
2769:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2721:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2702:
2686:
2685:
2677:
2673:
2657:
2653:
2648:
2644:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2621:
2605:
2596:
2580:
2576:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2524:
2504:
2497:
2481:
2477:
2461:
2457:
2447:
2445:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2423:
2419:
2411:
2407:
2397:
2395:
2394:. 27 March 2002
2386:
2385:
2381:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2352:
2347:
2343:
2327:
2323:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2269:
2265:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2227:
2223:
2207:
2203:
2195:
2191:
2175:
2171:
2155:
2148:
2138:
2136:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2070:. Air and Space
2066:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2018:
2009:
2004:
1997:
1981:
1977:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1861:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1627:
1609:, treasurer to
1601:, Marigold and
1595:
1518:Chief Commander
1514:Legion of Merit
1407:
1307:
1250:Legion of Merit
1002:
992:
972:Avro Manchester
867:Adwan Rebellion
818:Squadron Leader
814:Royal Air Force
810:
808:Inter-war years
797:
794:Air Force Cross
790:No. 44 Squadron
778:No. 45 Squadron
755:Royal Artillery
684:
682:First World War
679:
677:Military career
630:summer holidays
602:Gloucestershire
594:
543:British Cabinet
539:No. 5 Group RAF
508:Royal Air Force
492:First World War
480:Gloucestershire
435:
428:
424:
408:Manager of the
405:Other work
360:
357:Croix de guerre
355:
350:
345:
340:
339:(United States)
335:
334:(United States)
330:
325:
320:
318:Air Force Cross
316:
312:
298:
294:
292:First World War
279:
276:No. 44 Squadron
274:
271:No. 50 Squadron
269:
266:No. 31 Squadron
264:
261:No. 45 Squadron
259:
256:No. 58 Squadron
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
197:Royal Air Force
195:
173:
171:
155:
151:
140:Gloucestershire
134:
128:
126:
102:
90:
82:
75:
68:
64:
62:
61:
58:
57:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5087:
5077:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4925:
4918:
4915:Into the Storm
4911:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4883:
4881:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4832:
4830:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4786:
4784:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4759:
4749:
4744:
4742:"Monica" radar
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4713:
4711:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4647:
4645:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4629:
4621:
4613:
4604:
4602:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4528:
4526:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4492:
4490:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4456:
4454:
4450:
4449:
4444:
4443:
4436:
4429:
4421:
4413:
4412:
4410:Anthony Harris
4409:
4406:
4393:
4387:
4386:
4380:
4379:
4374:
4371:
4366:Bomber Command
4361:
4356:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4343:
4334:
4331:Sholto Douglas
4329:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4316:
4306:
4301:
4297:
4296:
4291:
4288:
4281:
4276:
4272:
4271:
4268:Charles Blount
4266:
4263:
4253:
4246:Charles Samson
4241:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4226:
4219:
4216:Charles Portal
4214:
4210:
4209:
4198:
4197:
4194:
4191:
4181:
4176:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4163:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4141:
4138:
4128:
4122:
4121:
4116:
4113:
4101:
4096:
4092:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4029:
4028:External links
4026:
4025:
4024:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3986:
3969:
3962:
3956:
3943:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3923:
3910:
3905:978-1842127353
3904:
3886:
3880:
3858:
3852:
3839:
3833:
3820:
3814:
3802:Probert, Henry
3798:
3782:
3777:978-1550024548
3776:
3763:
3757:978-0670025152
3756:
3740:978-0713995619
3739:
3727:Overy, Richard
3723:
3718:978-3865300300
3717:
3704:
3698:
3685:
3675:McInnis, Edgar
3671:
3665:
3649:
3643:
3630:
3624:
3614:Bomber Command
3604:
3598:
3585:
3579:
3566:
3560:
3542:
3536:
3523:
3517:
3498:
3492:
3477:
3472:978-0700612406
3471:
3453:
3448:978-0007192151
3447:
3434:
3429:978-0850525199
3428:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3384:
3358:
3355:. p. 427.
3343:
3336:
3318:
3309:Peace Magazine
3295:
3269:
3251:
3217:
3195:
3186:
3154:
3145:
3136:
3111:
3083:
3058:
3040:
3031:
3022:
3002:
2993:
2984:
2958:
2938:
2915:
2892:
2869:
2846:
2837:
2835:, p. 432.
2822:
2810:
2801:
2792:
2783:
2760:
2751:
2742:
2709:
2700:
2671:
2651:
2642:
2633:
2619:
2594:
2574:
2565:
2556:
2547:
2538:
2529:
2522:
2495:
2475:
2455:
2429:
2417:
2405:
2379:
2359:
2350:
2341:
2321:
2301:
2292:
2283:
2263:
2243:
2234:
2221:
2201:
2189:
2169:
2146:
2124:
2115:
2106:
2090:
2081:
2059:
2050:
2041:
2032:
2007:
1995:
1975:
1955:
1946:
1934:
1925:
1916:
1907:
1898:
1886:
1877:
1868:
1859:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1822:
1813:
1798:
1789:
1774:
1765:
1756:
1747:
1738:
1729:
1720:
1711:
1698:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1655:BBC Television
1626:
1623:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1570:
1551:
1532:
1529:
1506:
1499:
1496:
1473:
1454:
1431:
1406:
1403:
1306:
1303:
1295:from his book
1233:, head of the
1224:The historian
1191:Transport Plan
1112:Charles Portal
1096:Kammhuber Line
1041:Bomber Command
1016:. Appointed a
991:
988:
984:Avro Lancaster
980:Short Stirling
903:wing commander
850:Vickers Vernon
809:
806:
720:administration
683:
680:
678:
675:
593:
590:
559:Charles Portal
545:agreed to the
413:
412:
406:
402:
401:
307:
303:
302:
289:
285:
284:
226:Bomber Command
223:
219:
218:
213:
209:
208:
205:
201:
200:
189:
183:
182:
180:United Kingdom
169:
165:
164:
154:(aged 91)
148:
144:
143:
124:
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
100:
92:
91:
63:
59:
53:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5086:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4924:
4923:
4919:
4917:
4916:
4912:
4910:
4909:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4878:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4827:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4810:Master Bomber
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4795:Bomber stream
4793:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4781:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4769:Bouncing bomb
4767:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
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4718:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4708:
4702:
4699:
4697:
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4692:
4689:
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4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
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4662:
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4618:
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4612:
4610:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4593:
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4588:
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4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4517:
4516:Arthur Tedder
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4487:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4451:
4442:
4437:
4435:
4430:
4428:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4392:
4388:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4368:
4367:
4359:
4353:
4349:
4340:
4339:
4332:
4326:
4322:
4313:
4312:
4304:
4298:
4294:
4293:John D'Albiac
4285:
4279:
4273:
4269:
4260:
4259:
4252:
4247:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4223:
4217:
4211:
4206:
4205:
4199:
4188:
4187:
4179:
4178:Robert Leckie
4173:
4169:
4168:Ernest Norton
4160:
4159:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4135:
4134:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4118:Awdry Vaucour
4110:
4107:
4099:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4011:
4007:
4004:
4000:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3987:0-7486-1285-8
3983:
3978:
3977:
3970:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3953:
3949:
3944:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3926:
3924:0-06-000676-5
3920:
3916:
3911:
3907:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3890:Speer, Albert
3887:
3883:
3881:1-58487-172-5
3877:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3853:0-948817-19-4
3849:
3845:
3840:
3836:
3830:
3826:
3821:
3817:
3815:1-85367-555-5
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3773:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3753:
3749:
3742:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3714:
3710:
3705:
3701:
3699:0-8078-1792-9
3695:
3691:
3686:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3666:0-09-151580-7
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3640:
3636:
3631:
3627:
3621:
3616:
3615:
3609:
3608:Hastings, Max
3605:
3601:
3599:1-84415-210-3
3595:
3591:
3586:
3582:
3580:0-313-31083-1
3576:
3572:
3567:
3563:
3561:0-8027-1471-4
3557:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3537:0-312-08683-0
3533:
3529:
3524:
3520:
3518:0-7658-0487-5
3514:
3510:
3506:
3505:
3499:
3495:
3493:0-471-62079-3
3489:
3485:
3484:
3478:
3474:
3468:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3444:
3440:
3435:
3431:
3425:
3421:
3416:
3415:
3394:
3388:
3372:
3368:
3362:
3354:
3347:
3339:
3333:
3329:
3322:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3303:Kezwer, Gil.
3299:
3283:
3279:
3273:
3265:
3261:
3255:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3221:
3205:
3199:
3190:
3174:
3170:
3169:The Telegraph
3165:
3158:
3149:
3140:
3125:
3121:
3115:
3100:
3096:
3090:
3088:
3072:
3068:
3062:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3035:
3026:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3006:
2997:
2988:
2973:. p. 242
2972:
2968:
2962:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2942:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2922:
2920:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2899:
2897:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2876:
2874:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2841:
2834:
2829:
2827:
2817:
2815:
2805:
2796:
2787:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2767:
2765:
2755:
2746:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2704:
2696:
2690:
2682:
2675:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2655:
2646:
2637:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2578:
2569:
2560:
2551:
2542:
2533:
2525:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2502:
2500:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2479:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2459:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2427:, p. 52.
2426:
2421:
2414:
2409:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2363:
2354:
2345:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2325:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2305:
2296:
2287:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2267:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2247:
2238:
2231:
2225:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2199:, p. 24.
2198:
2193:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2173:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2153:
2151:
2134:
2128:
2119:
2110:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2085:
2069:
2063:
2054:
2045:
2036:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2002:
2000:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1979:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1950:
1941:
1939:
1929:
1920:
1911:
1902:
1893:
1891:
1881:
1872:
1863:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1842:
1826:
1817:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1793:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1769:
1760:
1751:
1742:
1733:
1724:
1715:
1708:
1702:
1692:
1688:
1680:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1650:Bomber Harris
1645:
1643:
1636:
1631:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1613:from 1998 to
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1563:Grand Officer
1560:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1470:Great Britain
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1451:Great Britain
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1428:Great Britain
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1408:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1231:Sebastian Cox
1227:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1179:
1172:
1168:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1092:bomber stream
1089:
1085:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1008:
1007:William Timym
996:
987:
985:
981:
977:
973:
968:
966:
962:
958:
954:
953:air commodore
949:
946:
942:
938:
937:group captain
934:
929:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
906:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
878:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
805:
803:
795:
791:
787:
786:Sopwith Camel
783:
780:, flying the
779:
775:
771:
766:
764:
760:
757:, joined the
756:
752:
748:
743:
740:
736:
731:
729:
725:
721:
718:
714:
710:
701:
697:
693:
688:
674:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
642:
640:
635:
631:
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
589:
587:
582:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
441:
434:
427:
422:
419:
411:
407:
403:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
319:
315:
311:
308:
304:
301:
297:
293:
290:
286:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
224:
220:
217:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
193:
190:
184:
181:
170:
166:
162:
158:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:13 April 1892
125:
121:
118:Bomber Harris
117:
113:
109:
105:
98:
93:
88:
81:
74:
67:
56:
51:
48:
44:
37:
36:Arthur Harris
33:
19:
4920:
4913:
4906:
4635:(Peenemünde)
4632:
4624:
4616:
4608:
4495:
4402:
4395:
4390:
4363:
4358:Jack Baldwin
4336:
4308:
4283:
4278:Roderic Hill
4255:
4244:
4238:
4231:John Slessor
4221:
4201:
4183:
4155:
4150:
4143:Roderic Hill
4130:
4125:
4103:
4020:
4002:
3995:
3975:
3965:
3947:
3939:
3914:
3893:
3866:
3843:
3824:
3805:
3789:
3767:
3747:
3730:
3708:
3689:
3679:
3656:
3634:
3613:
3589:
3570:
3550:
3527:
3503:
3483:Fallen Eagle
3482:
3461:
3438:
3419:
3397:. Retrieved
3387:
3375:. Retrieved
3371:the original
3361:
3352:
3346:
3327:
3321:
3313:the original
3308:
3298:
3286:. Retrieved
3282:the original
3272:
3263:
3254:
3242:. Retrieved
3230:
3220:
3208:. Retrieved
3198:
3189:
3177:. Retrieved
3168:
3157:
3148:
3139:
3127:. Retrieved
3123:
3114:
3102:. Retrieved
3098:
3074:. Retrieved
3070:
3061:
3051:
3043:
3034:
3025:
3014:
3005:
2996:
2987:
2975:. Retrieved
2961:
2950:
2941:
2930:
2907:
2884:
2861:
2840:
2804:
2795:
2786:
2775:
2754:
2745:
2733:. Retrieved
2726:the original
2712:
2703:
2680:
2674:
2663:
2654:
2645:
2636:
2611:
2586:
2577:
2568:
2559:
2550:
2541:
2532:
2508:
2487:
2478:
2467:
2458:
2446:. Retrieved
2442:the original
2432:
2420:
2408:
2396:. Retrieved
2391:
2382:
2371:
2362:
2353:
2344:
2333:
2324:
2313:
2304:
2295:
2286:
2275:
2266:
2255:
2246:
2237:
2229:
2224:
2213:
2204:
2192:
2181:
2172:
2161:
2137:. Retrieved
2127:
2118:
2109:
2084:
2072:. Retrieved
2062:
2053:
2044:
2035:
2024:
1987:
1978:
1967:
1958:
1949:
1928:
1919:
1910:
1901:
1880:
1871:
1862:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1829:Awarded 1945
1825:
1820:Awarded 1945
1816:
1801:
1792:
1777:
1768:
1759:
1750:
1741:
1732:
1723:
1714:
1701:
1691:
1663:
1649:
1646:
1639:
1596:
1581:
1562:
1543:
1521:
1517:
1502:
1493:South Africa
1488:
1484:
1465:
1446:
1442:
1423:
1419:
1384:
1382:
1378:River Thames
1367:
1355:
1338:
1335:
1308:
1305:Post-war era
1296:
1293:Albert Speer
1290:
1285:
1280:
1274:in southern
1247:
1239:Albert Speer
1223:
1207:
1184:
1138:
1123:Many senior
1122:
1117:
1104:
1080:
1076:London Blitz
1068:
1045:
1030:
1011:
969:
961:Trans-Jordan
950:
930:
907:
895:John Salmond
883:area bombing
879:
811:
767:
744:
735:Bloemfontein
732:
705:
645:
643:
626:
595:
583:
571:area bombing
532:
477:
456:
452:
448:
444:
420:
416:
288:Battles/wars
192:British Army
152:(1984-04-05)
150:5 April 1984
47:
4974:1984 deaths
4969:1892 births
4815:Pathfinders
4800:Firebombing
4311:No. 5 Group
4258:No. 4 Group
4195:R H Kershaw
3898:. Phoenix.
3244:20 December
3179:28 December
3011:"No. 39777"
2947:"No. 37414"
2927:"No. 37610"
2904:"No. 37347"
2881:"No. 37119"
2858:"No. 37125"
2833:Taylor 2004
2772:"No. 36915"
2660:"No. 36674"
2608:"No. 36401"
2583:"No. 36314"
2484:"No. 35958"
2464:"No. 35813"
2425:Harris 2005
2368:"No. 35586"
2330:"No. 35183"
2310:"No. 34893"
2272:"No. 34641"
2252:"No. 34414"
2210:"No. 33955"
2197:Harris 2005
2178:"No. 33290"
2158:"No. 33280"
2021:"No. 30989"
1984:"No. 29470"
1964:"No. 29399"
1853:(2014), in
1544:Grand Cross
1185:Before the
1033:Butt Report
1026:air marshal
1014:No. 5 Group
1003: 1943
933:flying-boat
918:fox hunting
834:Mesopotamia
751:East Africa
694:parades in
670:Mashonaland
516:Mesopotamia
463:(AOC-in-C)
241:No. 4 Group
231:No. 5 Group
161:Oxfordshire
115:Nickname(s)
4938:Categories
4762:Grand Slam
4710:Technology
4696:Wellington
4676:Manchester
4601:Operations
4405:1953–1984
4370:1942–1945
4342:1940–1941
4315:1939–1940
4287:1938–1939
4262:1937–1938
4225:1934–1937
4162:1925–1927
4137:1922–1924
2977:13 January
2139:13 October
1782:Portuguese
774:home front
770:Brooklands
709:war effort
658:Manicaland
598:Cheltenham
592:Early life
168:Allegiance
136:Cheltenham
129:1892-04-13
107:Birth name
4722:H2S radar
4671:Lancaster
4625:Hurricane
4609:Bellicose
4592:The Hague
4582:Pforzheim
4572:Heilbronn
4525:Campaigns
4453:Overviews
4391:New title
4109:(acting)
3399:9 October
3377:9 October
3239:0362-4331
2689:cite book
2413:Hosea 8:7
1837:Citations
1659:John Thaw
1615:her death
1370:baronetcy
1363:Safmarine
1263:Pforzheim
1258:firestorm
1160:Heilbronn
1134:Nuremberg
1078:in 1940.
1064:total war
1046:In 1942,
957:Palestine
914:Camberley
822:RAF Digby
747:Cape Town
634:Rhodesian
618:Sherborne
551:Churchill
528:Palestine
359:(France)
273:(1918–19)
268:(1921–22)
263:(1922–24)
258:(1925–27)
243:(1937–38)
238:(1938–39)
233:(1939–40)
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199:(1918–46)
194:(1914–18)
163:, England
142:, England
4880:See also
4686:Stirling
4681:Mosquito
4651:Blenheim
4644:Aircraft
4617:Chastise
4013:Archived
3892:(2009).
3864:(2004).
3804:(2006).
3788:(1954).
3729:(2013).
3677:(1946).
3655:(1983).
3610:(1979).
3548:(2006).
3353:Cheshire
3288:3 August
3210:3 August
3173:Archived
2735:4 August
2448:4 August
2398:4 August
2392:BBC News
2074:28 March
1707:Bismarck
1603:Rosemary
1399:AOC-in-C
1272:Tønsberg
1268:tactical
1149:Governor
998:Harris,
873:and the
798:rhodesia
696:Bulawayo
484:Rhodesia
478:Born in
354:(France)
349:(Brazil)
344:(Poland)
222:Commands
186:Service/
4783:Tactics
4757:Tallboy
4701:Whitley
4691:Ventura
4666:Hampden
4661:Halifax
4587:Dresden
4567:Hamburg
4489:Leaders
4397:Baronet
4250:In 1919
4151:Unknown
4126:Unknown
4080:of the
4076:in the
3056:, 1974.
1657:, with
1599:Anthony
1443:Officer
1351:peerage
1173:in 1945
1171:Dresden
1162:in 1945
1088:Cologne
586:baronet
207:1914–46
4732:"Oboe"
4627:(1944)
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1625:Legacy
1593:Family
1586:France
1567:France
1548:Brazil
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1405:Awards
1323:Brazil
1276:Norway
1218:Enigma
1203:Arnold
1199:Portal
1125:Allied
887:No. 58
869:, the
865:, the
838:Persia
728:bugler
700:bugler
654:Umtali
646:Inanda
563:German
520:Persia
459:, was
457:Harris
449:Harris
445:Bomber
329:(USSR)
306:Awards
283:(1918)
278:(1918)
253:(1933)
248:(1933)
188:branch
177:
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4737:Gee-H
4717:Chaff
4633:Hydra
4208:1933
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3104:1 May
3076:1 May
2729:(PDF)
2722:(PDF)
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1187:D-Day
1071:Hosea
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614:Devon
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3424:ISBN
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3379:2009
3332:ISBN
3290:2014
3246:2020
3235:ISSN
3212:2014
3181:2019
3131:2023
3106:2023
3078:2023
2979:2011
2737:2014
2695:link
2518:ISBN
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2141:2016
2076:2020
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