1955:
92:
138:
129:
2003:
1946:
107:
155:
148:
1990:
1971:
1895:
1926:
1908:
1885:
1875:
1937:
369:
487:. Chen Mingren (陈明仁) successfully recruited and incorporated these forces into his force, and every able bodied-man who had a governmental job was also recruited into the local garrison. Construction for additional fortifications and strengthening the current ones was also completed in very short span of time, and in a devoted effort, many bunkers were built by sacks full of wheat and starch of American aid. On June 3, 1947,
1132:
of the 7th Column suffered equally and was forced out of action once again for the second time. Although the defenders could no longer launch anymore counterattacks to the smallest scale, they were still able to put up a good defensive fight in their fortifications, but as time dragged on, even the
1527:
7th Column took the Third Line of Grove (San Dao Lin Zi, 三道林子). In order to find better positions for the artilleries to shell the defenders, the enemy took Shidao (师道) School, the airport and the Liu Family's
Village (Liu Jia Tun, 刘家屯). At 7:40 PM on March 12, 1948, the final assault on the city
1072:
Jin Ke (金可), and it appeared that the fourth attack might be successful. However, the defenders unleashed their secret weapon by opening two large sacks of beans which suddenly filled the ground. Everyone in the unsuspecting enemy assault team slid down and had very difficult time of getting up,
800:
inside the city had beaten back defenders' counterattacks for more than a dozen times, but in doing so, each suffered more than 1,500 casualties. The regions inside the city taken by the enemy was relatively small and only a thousand or so defenders were captured alive by the enemy, but situation
856:
71st Army headquarters was located in one of such bunkers, with the entrance sealed by a jeep. In addition to wide field of view, there were also dozens bunkers and pillboxes protected by minefields around the buildings to strengthen the defense. On June 20, 1947, the 17th
1435:
were able to successfully escape by trucks, but a truck and all of the 100+ horse-drawn carts full of grains had to be abandoned and left intact for the enemy in the hasty retreat. On
February 27, 1948, the order was formally given to take the city and the
436:
decided to take the city despite the fact that they had totally lacked the experience of taking strongly defended cities that are heavily fortified, and it was obvious to both sides that the isolated city would be the next battlefield.
556:
would actively participate in the first stage in support of the ground troops defending the city either. This serious intelligence blunder would have to be paid with an extremely heavy price later in the first stage of the campaign.
876:
inside the headquarters was forced to evacuate into another alternate headquarters in a different bunker in the eastern half of the city, while his brother, Chen
Mingxin (陈明信), the regimental commander of the Specialized Duties
885:
71st Army, was left to defend the original headquarters. After three hours of fierce fighting, the headquarters fell and its defenders were annihilated. Chen
Mingxin (陈明信), the regimental commander of the Specialized Duties
1552:
defeat, and the defenders lost over 35,000 troops, with more than 16,000 in the first major battle, and over 19,000 in the second battle. In addition to capturing the city, the enemy also captured enormous supplies from the
1119:
ready. Chen
Mingren (陈明仁) also ordered the defenders to burn every building after it was abandoned so that the attacking enemy would not be able to use it. After fierce battles, the last counterattack of the
945:
After more than a week of fierce fighting, the enemy finally took western half of the city with heavy loss. Only then did the enemy realize the serious blunder of the underestimation of the defenders: the
1238:
reinforcement did not pursuit the enemy either after reaching the city, and thus did not see any action, just like the five enemy armies to the south of the city originally planned to ambush them. The
1001:
of the urban defense, concentrated his remaining 20,000 strong force in the eastern half of the city, and by the evening of June 21, 1947, had successfully beaten back all enemy attacks. For the
950:
defending the city was not 18,000 like previously thought, but almost twice, totaling more than 35,000. On June 21, 1947, the enemy was forced to send their reserves to join the fight: the 16th
541:
with full strength in the city. The enemy had missed the significant intelligence including the defenders receiving airdrop of 400 tons of supplies and weaponry in more than 200 sorties from
2320:
341:
1540:
garrison of more than 19,000 was totally annihilated by the attacking enemy, who declared the victory on 7:00 PM on March 13, 1948, after the mopping up operation was completed.
1073:
and with beans on the ground, it was impossible to advance, retreat or reinforce, thus the enemy assault team was completely wiped out. Jin Ke (金可), the regimental political
1920:
1251:
had successfully beaten back the enemy and held the city. In addition to the enemy's grave underestimation of the defenders' strength, the associating indecisiveness of
1532:
defense was soon breached in five fronts in the north, the east, and the west, and defenders had to resort to street fights for their last stand. By the next day, the
2316:
213:
1452:
columns participated in the assault on the city nearly nine months ago, the 1st Column and the 7th Column, were tasked to take the city, with the help of the
1670:
788:
reserve launched multiple counterattacks on the enemy under the air cover, which had increased into more than twenty sorties per day. By June 16, 1947, the
1105:
was covered with blood and soldiers of both sides frequently slid down, and the situation became desperate for the defenders that Chen
Mingren (陈明仁), the
1388:
and assigned over a dozen trucks and over 100 horse-drawn carts to ensure the safe completion of the job. Learning the news, Luo Jie (罗杰), the deputy
902:
71st Army headquarters had signaled the fall of the western half of the city into the enemy hands, but the enemy had paid a very heavy price: the 1st
351:
1997:
1224:
reinforcement had avoided been ambushed by the enemy, now the enemy force attacking the city was threatened. The table had turned for the enemy.
668:
begun to attack enemy ground positions at a rate of near twenty sorties per day in order to support the defenders of the city. On June 14, 1947,
1057:
fire from the loopholes of the bunker to cover sappers setting up the explosives, the enemy finally neutralized the bunker in its fifth attempt.
852:
rounds, there was only a dent left. The defenders capitalized on these strong buildings and turned them into formidable fortifications, and the
289:
1312:
would not forget their goal and they would be back with vengeance, as well as the valuable experience learned from this first attempt. For the
809:
had underestimated the enemy's resolution to take the city, and defenders' stubborn resistance was equally out of expectation of the attacking
2176:
1364:
was only garrisoned by a mere 19,000 troops, without any hope of reinforcement. The first sign of trouble appeared when a transportation
1847:
1349:
1337:
1267:
429:
206:
2122:
1965:
1592:
2380:
1448:
commander in charge of last assault on the city nearly nine months ago, was put in charge again for the second time. Similarly, two
137:
128:
91:
1868:
199:
2025:
1902:
1816:
274:
1954:
1030:
1912:
1068:
of the 1st Column were beaten back, the enemy launched their fourth attack personally led by the regimental political
1801:
1779:
1753:
1734:
1712:
1690:
1659:
1636:
1617:
1060:
At the railroad crossing bridge, the defenders used an ingenious tactic by deploying beans: as three attacks by the
519:
reporters claimed the city as Chen
Mingren (陈明仁)'s fortress after witnessing the extensive defensive complex built.
1582:
239:
649:
positions outside the city, and on the same night, the airport at the western suburb of the city was taken by the
2305:
1840:
309:
1916:
262:
1176:
for taking the city. Nothing could be further from the truth as the situation suddenly turned drastically in
837:
strongholds at the
Telecommunication Building, the Municipal Building, and the Central Bank Building, and the
2345:
2142:
1144:
had already issued a press release at the time, claiming that "…After 12 days of fierce fighting, the enemy (
522:
On June 9, 1947, the enemy had completed its regroup outside the city for the upcoming attack. However, the
346:
1133:
defenders themselves begun to have serious doubts how long before the city would fall into the enemy hands.
515:, so the city must be defended at all cost, and Chen Mingren (陈明仁) was determined to hold the city, and the
2334:
2070:
1985:
545:, and the rapid new construction of the fortifications. The defenders' recruitment of previously defeated
526:
made a serious intelligence blunder in underestimating the defenders' strength by only assessing the total
329:
1993:
1898:
1787:
1768:: A Collection of Military Records and Research Publications of Important Campaigns in the Liberation War
1722:
1587:
898:
claimed to withstand enemy attack for more than a month fell in just three short hours. The fall of the
114:
99:
1148:) had suffered over 16,000 casualties and remaining survivors had nowhere to flee. The majority of the
2375:
1833:
1230:'s choice was clear, on June 30, 1947, he ordered a general withdraw that concluded the first stage of
2390:
1804:(Volum 1), 7800219615 (Volum 2), 7800219631 (Volum 3), 7801370937 (Volum 4), and 7801370953 (Volum 5)
154:
147:
106:
1085:
of the 1st Column leading the fourth charge, was cut in half at the chest by a string of defenders'
926:
7th Column suffered heavy casualties that they were forced out of action, and Ma
Renxing (马仁兴), the
549:
forces into the local garrison was completely undetected by the enemy, and enemy did not expect the
2084:
2080:
1700:
1376:
was ambushed on
January 26, 1948, at Guo Family's Hotel (Guo Jia Dian, 郭家店) as the 500-men strong
2330:
2132:
2108:
2092:
2040:
1949:
1940:
1380:
attempted to transport grains to the city. Though the enemy attack was considered unlikely, the
319:
252:
841:
headquarters of the 71st Army that was also the headquarters of the urban defense was besieged.
772:
1st Column also penetrated into the city from Haifeng Village (Haifeng Tun, 海丰屯). However, the
2385:
2209:
2205:
1889:
356:
257:
1021:
7th Column withdrawn earlier was forced to be back in action again. The highest point in the
704:
if possible. At 8:00 PM on June 14, 1947, the assault on the city itself had begun with five
2219:
1113:
869:
headquarters, and by the evening, the enemy was dangerously close. Chen Mingren (陈明仁), the
1945:
1328:'s wise and timely retreat, and thus the first stage of the campaign ended in a stalemate.
764:
1st Column breached the defense in the southwest, and by 2:00 AM on June 15, 1947, the 1st
1431:
soldiers were killed and more than 200 were captured alive by the enemy. The rest of the
8:
2243:
2172:
1989:
1962:
1811:. Twentieth-Century Battles Series. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2013. 288 pp,
1520:
1512:
1504:
1488:
1480:
1373:
1305:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1271:
1193:
1169:
1129:
1014:
1010:
1006:
959:
951:
931:
927:
919:
915:
907:
903:
858:
822:
818:
797:
793:
777:
765:
757:
677:
673:
594:
587:
580:
460:
442:
324:
281:
1304:
were unable to achieve any numerical superiority at all, following the withdraw of four
2112:
2050:
1460:
2nd Column, 6th Column, 8th Column, and 10th Column were deployed to stop any possible
1437:
1389:
1141:
1109:
998:
983:
971:
873:
453:
1296:
defending the city. Furthermore, only after suffering heavy losses, did the two more
2309:
2298:
2274:
2256:
2162:
2104:
2100:
2088:
1974:
1970:
1894:
1856:
1812:
1797:
1775:
1749:
1730:
1708:
1686:
1655:
1632:
1613:
1042:
463:
suffered greatly in earlier battles and none of them was fully manned. However, the
401:
314:
294:
224:
191:
31:
1820:
2288:
2284:
2233:
2096:
1958:
1124:
71st Army was beaten back with heavy loss in the morning of June 23, 1947, but the
833:
fighting inside the city. With the newly arrived help, the enemy was able to take
304:
299:
1234:
Campaign. The exhausted defenders had no strength left to give any chase and the
848:
and bricks made from black earth were extremely tough that when hit by 60 mm
718:
pieces starting to bombard the city, even the 12 anti-aircraft artilleries in the
2223:
1982:
1978:
1562:
1357:
1157:
1097:
of the 1st Column, Guan Shanlin (关山林), and thus became the second highest ranked
849:
616:
569:
508:
500:
488:
1519:
3rd Column took the region of Red Mouth (Hong Zui Zi, 红嘴子). Meanwhile, the 19th
1320:
original plan to fight a decisive battle to annihilate the enemy at the gate of
2369:
2187:
1361:
1352:, and this time they were ready and much better prepared. By this time, the
1345:
1321:
1275:
1231:
1213:
1205:
1184:
reinforcement rapidly approached the city thanks to their mechanization, the
1149:
1102:
1022:
845:
697:
496:
484:
438:
425:
389:
54:
22:
1548:
The important strategic stronghold had fallen into the enemy hands with the
1874:
1651:
1499:. The enemy had made significant gains on March 8, 1948, when most of the
1483:
of the 1st Column took Haifeng Village (Hai Feng Tun, 海丰屯) and Xu Family's
1038:
813:
as battle raged on with heavy casualties on both sides. By June 19, 1947,
753:
1st Column and 7th Column attacked the defenders from multiple directions.
742:
405:
132:
1005:, it was impossible to achieve numerical superiority after sending in two
2060:
1558:
1419:
launched a long distance surprise attack before dawn on the unsuspecting
1086:
1050:
967:
1644:
Records of the Liberation War: The Decisive Battle of Two Kinds of Fates
894:
71st Army, was captured alive by the enemy, and the stronghold that the
534:
had erroneously believed that there were only four fully combat capable
2266:
2152:
1878:
1554:
1549:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1500:
1472:
1465:
1461:
1432:
1428:
1420:
1381:
1369:
1353:
1317:
1313:
1290:
1279:
1256:
1248:
1240:
1235:
1221:
1217:
1209:
1197:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1145:
1121:
1106:
1054:
1026:
995:
979:
947:
899:
895:
891:
882:
870:
866:
853:
838:
834:
806:
785:
723:
693:
662:
646:
606:
566:
550:
546:
535:
527:
516:
504:
480:
468:
457:
450:
446:
385:
267:
141:
1936:
1761:
1570:
1566:
1524:
1516:
1508:
1492:
1476:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1424:
1405:
1393:
1385:
1377:
1365:
1341:
1309:
1301:
1283:
1264:
1244:
1165:
1161:
1153:
1137:
1125:
1098:
1090:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1061:
1018:
1002:
991:
987:
975:
963:
955:
939:
935:
923:
911:
862:
830:
826:
810:
802:
789:
781:
773:
769:
761:
750:
746:
738:
735:
731:
727:
722:
inventory were deployed to shell the city. The shelling shocked the
719:
715:
711:
708:
705:
681:
665:
654:
650:
642:
613:
553:
523:
476:
464:
433:
421:
409:
381:
368:
73:
1825:
1511:
3rd Column took the bunkers outside the eastern gate, while the 8th
1496:
1416:
1409:
1397:
1325:
1282:
reinforcement, but this had not materialized. The seven remaining
1260:
1252:
1227:
1189:
1173:
1094:
1082:
1065:
1046:
1029:
turned it into a formidable bunker manned by tough veterans of the
887:
878:
814:
685:
669:
658:
542:
538:
531:
492:
158:
1503:
positions outside the city wall fell in a domino effect: the 7th
1112:
of the urban defense, was preparing to commit suicide and had his
1793:
1771:
1765:
1745:
1726:
1704:
1628:
1609:
1484:
1413:
994:
commander in charge of taking the city. Chen Mingren (陈明仁), the
472:
1289:
were simply not enough to take on the five technically superior
1164:) were expanding the military success…". On June 28, 1947, the
1140:
were overconfident that the city would fall for sure, and their
1930:
1925:
1907:
1884:
1116:
701:
689:
1608:, 1st Edition, Social Scientific Literary Publishing House in
1101:
officer killed in action during the campaign. The streets of
2008:
1697:
Heroic Division and Iron Horse: Records of the Liberation War
1682:
1678:
1666:
1647:
1401:
1212:
53rd Army on the left of the New 6th Army also pushed toward
1201:
1034:
966:
7th Column join the assault on the eastern half of city, and
512:
397:
393:
62:
58:
1809:
The Battle for Manchuria and the Fate of China: Siping, 1946
1220:
armies was able to bypass the enemy and thus not only the
1045:
had successfully beaten back attacks by an entire enemy
495:
and personally wrote to Chen Mingren (陈明仁) stating that
1792:, 1st Edition, Military Scientific Publishing House in
445:
belong to two separate armies and the commander of the
801:
for the defenders worsened on June 18, 1947, when the
221:
1770:, 1st Edition, Central Literary Publishing House in
1300:were redeployed to join the fight, but by then the
990:1st Column in the last part of the fighting as the
805:7th Column breached the defense in northwest. The
741:firepower was greater than that of Japanese during
1671:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
1665:Literary and Historical Research Committee of the
1049:for four times. After concentrating over a dozen
696:forces stationed in those cities from reinforcing
1627:, 1st Edition, Chinese Youth Publishing House in
1089:fire in front of the regimental commander of the
2367:
756:Forty minutes after the assault begun, the 2nd
449:71st Army, Chen Mingren (陈明仁) was named as the
1742:History of the Chinese People's Liberation War
1565:, over 779,000 rounds of ammunition, over 200
1188:93rd Army approached the city on the same day
1160:'s army had been annihilated, and our troops (
730:was still an extremely rare commodity for the
1841:
1316:, the city was still in their hands, but the
1259:success at the first stage of the campaign:
784:1st Column failed to breach the defense, and
576:First stage (more than 35,000 troops total):
380:(四平战役) was a nine-month struggle between the
207:
2177:Wartime perception of the Chinese Communists
1744:, 1st Edition, Archives Publishing House in
1427:. In a short period of 40 minutes, over 70
1471:On March 4, 1948, the enemy assault on the
1468:strength was greatly reduced by this time.
1464:reinforcement that never came, because the
1350:Winter Offensive of 1947 in Northeast China
1338:Autumn Offensive of 1947 in Northeast China
1268:Summer Offensive of 1947 in Northeast China
430:Summer Offensive of 1947 in Northeast China
1848:
1834:
1475:positions outside the city begun, and the
1243:suffered over 19,000 casualties while the
214:
200:
1384:nonetheless doubled the strength of the
1308:and earlier heavy losses. However, the
865:6th Column unleashed its assault on the
372:Communist troops in the Battle of Siping
367:
1725:Literature and Art Publishing House in
1593:History of the People's Liberation Army
1263:was trying to increase the gain of the
95:Flag of the National Revolutionary Army
2368:
1717:Wang, Xingsheng, and Zhang, Jingshan,
1247:suffered over 13,000 casualties. The
938:7th Column, became the highest ranked
1855:
1829:
1172:even sent a telegraph congratulating
1041:, and these sharpshooters armed with
275:Resumption of hostilities (1945–1949)
195:
1536:defeat was complete when the entire
1031:Chinese Expeditionary Force in Burma
914:1st Column, and the Independent 1st
1604:Zhu, Zongzhen and Wang, Chaoguang,
1404:, personally lead the units of the
958:6th Column and the Independent 3rd
844:There were many brick buildings in
726:defenders since merely a year ago,
653:7th Column. On June 13, 1947, the
609:units with more than 19,000 troops
511:, but also endangering the rest of
13:
1821:H-War, H-Net Reviews. January 2014
1703:Party History Publishing House in
1569:pieces, and over 11,000 rounds of
1444:1st Column, Li Tianyou (李天佑), the
1216:in unison. The highly mechanized
714:with near a hundred large caliber
684:4th Column to strike south toward
560:
105:
90:
14:
2402:
1487:(Xu Jia Yao, 徐家窑), while the 3rd
930:commander of the 1st Independent
499:was a very important location in
456:of the urban defense. All three
2381:Battles of the Chinese Civil War
2317:ROC Government retreat to Taiwan
2001:
1988:
1969:
1953:
1944:
1935:
1924:
1906:
1893:
1883:
1873:
1583:Outline of the Chinese Civil War
942:officer killed in the campaign.
479:in the north, and most of these
240:Outline of the Chinese Civil War
153:
146:
136:
127:
2306:Yangtze River Crossing campaign
1331:
1009:following the withdraw of four
1784:Tang, Yilu and Bi, Jianzhong,
1196:, while on June 29, 1947, the
745:. Under the cover of intense
636:
263:Japanese invasion of Manchuria
45:June 11, 1947 – March 13, 1948
1:
2346:Kuomintang Islamic insurgency
2321:PRC incorporation of Xinjiang
1913:Constitutional ROC Government
1681:People's Publishing House in
1650:People's Publishing House in
1625:History of the Liberation War
1598:
1204:and from there pushed toward
1180:favor: on June 29, 1947, the
632:The 3rd Column (Second Stage)
530:strength as 18,000, and even
347:Kuomintang Islamic insurgency
16:Part of the Chinese Civil War
2335:Wanshan Archipelago Campaign
2071:Chinese Communist Revolution
1192:received the telegraph from
829:6th Column to reinforce the
817:was forced to send the 17th
629:The 6th Column (First stage)
420:By the early June 1947, the
7:
1931:Republic of China on Taiwan
1899:National Revolutionary Army
1867:Principal belligerents and
1819:; review by Johnny Spence,
1588:National Revolutionary Army
1576:
1396:base at the border area of
1336:After their victory of the
1025:was a water tower, and the
645:begun their assault on the
100:National Revolutionary Army
10:
2407:
2143:Fujian People's Government
2009:People's Republic of China
1543:
1013:, and the Independent 1st
424:had successfully isolated
415:
2016:
1863:
1790:in Chinese Liberation War
1360:had suffered greatly and
918:and the Independent 2nd
234:
177:
164:
121:
84:
37:
29:
21:
1994:People's Liberation Army
1788:People's Liberation Army
1723:People's Liberation Army
1344:set their sights on the
1255:also contributed to the
483:forces had retreated to
115:People's Liberation Army
2133:Chinese Soviet Republic
2109:Autumn Harvest Uprising
1456:3rd Column, while the
1324:was equally spoiled by
1270:by deploying seventeen
776:7th Column and the 3rd
734:, yet a year later the
253:Autumn Harvest Uprising
247:First Phase (1927–1937)
2331:Hainan Island campaign
2210:Double Tenth Agreement
2206:Chongqing Negotiations
2123:Encirclement campaigns
1719:Chinese Liberation War
1606:Liberation War History
1278:in the hope of ambush
641:On June 11, 1947, the
441:was defended by three
373:
258:Encirclement campaigns
122:Commanders and leaders
111:
96:
2220:Jiaochangkou Incident
1796:, 1993 – 1997,
1142:New China News Agency
978:6th Column succeeded
408:era, and resulted in
371:
357:Cross-strait conflict
178:Casualties and losses
109:
94:
1152:had been under our (
507:would not only lose
2173:Second United Front
2093:Nanjing–Wuhan split
2041:Sun–Joffe Manifesto
1890:National Government
1786:History of Chinese
1194:Chen Yi (communist)
1170:Chen Yi (communist)
471:in the region from
2113:Guangzhou Uprising
2051:First United Front
1807:Harold M. Tanner,
1438:commander-in-chief
1412:and the Mongolian
1390:commander-in-chief
1200:New 6th Army took
1110:commander-in-chief
1043:light machine guns
999:commander-in-chief
984:commander-in-chief
972:commander-in-chief
874:commander-in-chief
454:commander-in-chief
374:
352:China–Burma border
112:
97:
2376:Conflicts in 1948
2361:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2350:
2275:Liaoshen campaign
2257:Yu Zisan Incident
2224:Peiping rape case
2193:
2192:
2105:Nanchang uprising
2101:Little Long March
2089:Shanghai massacre
1879:Nationalist Party
1857:Chinese Civil War
1817:978-0-253-00723-0
1701:Chinese Communist
1669:Committee of the
672:ordered the 11th
503:and if lost, the
475:in the south and
402:Chinese Civil War
365:
364:
226:Chinese Civil War
223:Campaigns of the
190:
189:
80:
79:
32:Chinese Civil War
2398:
2391:History of Jilin
2289:Pingjin campaign
2285:Huaihai campaign
2234:Marshall Mission
2199:
2198:
2085:Shanghai Commune
2081:Nanking incident
2034:
2033:
2019:
2018:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1992:
1973:
1957:
1948:
1939:
1929:
1928:
1917:ROC Armed Forces
1911:
1910:
1897:
1888:
1887:
1877:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1827:
1826:
1563:repeating rifles
1557:, including 491
1495:1st Column took
1274:to the south of
1128:1st Independent
1053:suppressing the
657:1st Column took
597:of the 13th Army
590:of the 71st Army
583:of the 71st Army
229:
227:
216:
209:
202:
193:
192:
157:
150:
140:
131:
39:
38:
19:
18:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2337:
2333:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2304:
2300:Taiping Steamer
2287:
2273:
2222:
2208:
2194:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2012:
2002:
2000:
1979:New Fourth Army
1950:Soviet Republic
1941:Communist Party
1933:
1923:
1905:
1882:
1859:
1854:
1740:Huang, Youlan,
1721:, 1st Edition,
1699:, 1st Edition,
1677:, 1st Edition,
1646:, 1st Edition,
1601:
1579:
1546:
1423:transportation
1358:Northeast China
1348:again in their
1334:
1156:) control, and
639:
617:order of battle
570:order of battle
563:
561:Order of battle
509:Northeast China
501:Northeast China
489:Chiang Kai-shek
467:had eradicated
418:
378:Siping Campaign
366:
361:
290:Northeast China
230:
225:
222:
220:
152:
135:
117:
102:
65:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2404:
2394:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2338:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2203:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2163:Xi'an Incident
2160:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2013:
1975:8th Route Army
1966:Liberated Area
1872:
1871:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1853:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1805:
1782:
1756:
1738:
1715:
1693:
1675:Liberation War
1663:
1640:
1621:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1578:
1575:
1545:
1542:
1333:
1330:
749:shelling, the
700:, and to take
638:
635:
634:
633:
630:
627:
626:The 7th Column
624:
623:The 1st Column
604:
603:
600:
599:
598:
591:
584:
562:
559:
417:
414:
363:
362:
360:
359:
354:
349:
344:
338:
337:
333:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
278:
277:
271:
270:
265:
260:
255:
249:
248:
244:
243:
235:
232:
231:
219:
218:
211:
204:
196:
188:
187:
184:
180:
179:
175:
174:
171:
167:
166:
162:
161:
144:
124:
123:
119:
118:
113:
103:
98:
87:
86:
82:
81:
78:
77:
71:
67:
66:
53:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
27:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2403:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2386:1948 in China
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2364:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2270:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2189:
2188:Dixie Mission
2186:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2010:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1846:
1844:
1839:
1837:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1802:7-80021-719-1
1799:
1795:
1791:
1789:
1783:
1781:
1780:7-5073-0074-9
1777:
1773:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1758:Liu Wusheng,
1757:
1755:
1754:7-80019-338-1
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1735:7-5033-1351-X
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1714:
1713:7-80199-029-3
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1692:
1691:7-212-00007-8
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1660:7-202-00733-9
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1637:7-5006-0081-X
1634:
1630:
1626:
1623:Zhang, Ping,
1622:
1619:
1618:7-80149-207-2
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1561:, over 9,000
1560:
1556:
1551:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1362:Siping (city)
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1346:Siping (city)
1343:
1339:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1322:Siping (city)
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1276:Siping (city)
1273:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1214:Siping (city)
1211:
1207:
1206:Siping (city)
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1103:Siping (city)
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1023:Siping (city)
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
970:, (洪学智), the
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
943:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
884:
880:
875:
872:
868:
864:
860:
855:
851:
847:
846:Siping (city)
842:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
821:and the 18th
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
754:
752:
748:
744:
740:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
710:
707:
703:
699:
698:Siping (city)
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
676:and the 12th
675:
671:
667:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
631:
628:
625:
622:
621:
620:
618:
615:
610:
608:
602:Second stage:
601:
596:
592:
589:
585:
582:
578:
577:
575:
574:
573:
571:
568:
558:
555:
552:
548:
544:
540:
537:
533:
529:
525:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
497:Siping (city)
494:
490:
486:
485:Siping (city)
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
459:
455:
452:
448:
444:
440:
439:Siping (city)
435:
431:
427:
426:Siping (city)
423:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
370:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
339:
335:
334:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
310:Yangtze River
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
285:
280:
279:
276:
273:
272:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
250:
246:
245:
242:
241:
237:
236:
233:
228:
217:
212:
210:
205:
203:
198:
197:
194:
185:
182:
181:
176:
172:
169:
168:
163:
160:
156:
149:
145:
143:
139:
134:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
108:
104:
101:
93:
89:
88:
83:
75:
72:
69:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
49:
48:
44:
41:
40:
36:
33:
28:
24:
20:
2363:
2310:
2299:
2268:
2245:
2097:715 Incident
1934:
1808:
1785:
1759:
1741:
1718:
1696:
1695:Li, Zuomin,
1674:
1652:Shijiazhuang
1643:
1624:
1605:
1573:ammunition.
1559:machine guns
1555:nationalists
1547:
1528:begun. The
1470:
1433:nationalists
1382:nationalists
1354:nationalists
1335:
1332:Second stage
1314:nationalists
1249:nationalists
1241:nationalists
1226:
1208:, while the
1146:nationalists
1135:
1059:
1051:machine guns
1039:World War II
1027:nationalists
948:nationalists
944:
906:and the 2nd
896:nationalists
843:
807:nationalists
796:and the 2nd
755:
743:World War II
692:to distract
640:
611:
605:
564:
521:
505:nationalists
469:nationalists
419:
406:World War II
404:in the post
386:Nationalists
377:
375:
283:
238:
133:Chen Mingren
85:Belligerents
30:Part of the
2061:Canton Coup
1642:Jie, Lifu,
1550:nationalist
1538:nationalist
1534:nationalist
1530:nationalist
1501:nationalist
1473:nationalist
1466:nationalist
1462:nationalist
1429:nationalist
1421:nationalist
1370:nationalist
1318:nationalist
1291:nationalist
1280:nationalist
1257:nationalist
1236:nationalist
1222:nationalist
1218:nationalist
1210:nationalist
1198:nationalist
1186:nationalist
1182:nationalist
1178:nationalist
1122:nationalist
1107:nationalist
1087:machine gun
1055:nationalist
996:nationalist
982:(李天佑), the
968:Hong Xuezhi
900:nationalist
892:nationalist
883:nationalist
871:nationalist
867:nationalist
854:nationalist
839:nationalist
835:nationalist
786:nationalist
724:nationalist
694:nationalist
663:nationalist
647:nationalist
637:First stage
612:Attackers:
607:Nationalist
567:Nationalist
565:Defenders:
551:nationalist
547:nationalist
536:nationalist
528:nationalist
517:nationalist
481:nationalist
458:nationalist
451:nationalist
447:nationalist
400:during the
2370:Categories
2244:Operation
2153:Long March
1599:References
1342:communists
1310:communists
1302:communists
1168:commander
1162:communists
1138:communists
1003:communists
980:Li Tianyou
928:divisional
831:communists
811:communists
790:communists
732:communists
712:battalions
661:, and the
643:communists
465:communists
434:communists
422:communists
282:Operation
268:Long March
151:Li Tianyou
142:Chen Cheng
2342:1950–1958
2281:1948–1949
2246:Beleaguer
2240:1945–1949
2230:1945–1947
2169:1937–1946
2149:1934–1936
2139:1933–1934
2129:1931–1934
2119:1930–1934
2067:1927–1949
2026:Post-1945
1869:campaigns
1571:artillery
1567:artillery
1525:communist
1517:communist
1509:communist
1493:communist
1477:communist
1458:communist
1454:communist
1450:communist
1446:communist
1442:communist
1425:battalion
1406:communist
1394:communist
1386:battalion
1378:battalion
1366:battalion
1306:divisions
1298:divisions
1294:Divisions
1287:divisions
1284:communist
1272:divisions
1265:communist
1245:communist
1166:communist
1154:communist
1126:communist
1099:communist
1091:communist
1079:communist
1075:commissar
1070:commissar
1062:communist
1019:communist
1011:divisions
1007:divisions
992:communist
988:communist
976:communist
964:communist
956:communist
940:communist
936:communist
924:communist
912:communist
863:communist
827:communist
803:communist
782:communist
774:communist
770:communist
762:communist
751:communist
747:artillery
739:artillery
736:communist
728:artillery
720:communist
716:artillery
709:artillery
706:communist
682:communist
666:air force
655:communist
651:communist
614:communist
593:The 54th
586:The 88th
579:The 87th
554:air force
539:regiments
524:communist
477:Changchun
461:divisions
443:divisions
428:in their
412:victory.
410:communist
382:communist
336:Aftermath
325:Guningtou
284:Beleaguer
74:Communist
2313:Incident
2311:Amethyst
2302:Incident
2271:incident
2022:Pre-1945
1959:Red Army
1774:, 1993,
1748:, 1992,
1729:, 2001,
1707:, 2004,
1685:, 1987,
1654:, 1990,
1631:, 1987,
1612:, 2000,
1577:See also
1521:Division
1513:Division
1505:Division
1497:Xinlitun
1489:Division
1481:Division
1417:Regiment
1410:Regiment
1398:Liaoning
1374:Division
1326:Lin Biao
1261:Lin Biao
1253:Lin Biao
1228:Lin Biao
1190:Lin Biao
1174:Lin Biao
1130:Division
1114:Browning
1095:Regiment
1083:Regiment
1066:Regiment
1047:regiment
1015:Division
960:Division
952:Division
932:Division
920:Division
916:Division
908:Division
904:Division
888:Regiment
879:Regiment
859:Division
823:Division
819:Division
815:Lin Biao
798:Division
794:Division
778:Division
766:Division
758:Division
686:Shenyang
678:Division
674:Division
670:Lin Biao
659:Xinlitun
595:Division
588:Division
581:Division
543:Shenyang
532:Lin Biao
493:Shenyang
491:flew to
384:and the
342:Xinjiang
315:Shanghai
295:Liaoshen
165:Strength
159:Lin Biao
50:Location
25:Campaign
2269:Kiangya
1794:Beijing
1772:Beijing
1766:Beijing
1746:Beijing
1727:Beijing
1705:Beijing
1629:Beijing
1610:Beijing
1544:Outcome
1523:of the
1515:of the
1507:of the
1491:of the
1485:Yaodong
1440:of the
1414:Cavalry
1392:of the
1368:of the
1077:of the
1037:during
1017:of the
986:of the
974:of the
962:of the
954:of the
934:of the
922:of the
910:of the
890:of the
881:of the
861:of the
825:of the
780:of the
768:of the
760:of the
680:of the
473:Tieling
416:Prelude
330:Wanshan
305:Pingjin
300:Huaihai
76:victory
2006:
1815:
1800:
1778:
1762:Yan'an
1752:
1733:
1711:
1689:
1658:
1639:(pbk.)
1635:
1616:
1340:, the
1232:Siping
1158:Chiang
1150:Siping
1117:pistol
850:mortar
702:Fushun
690:Fushun
432:, the
390:Siping
320:Hainan
186:20,000
183:35,000
173:60,000
170:55,000
70:Result
55:Siping
23:Siping
1760:From
1737:(set)
1683:Hefei
1679:Anhui
1667:Anhui
1662:(set)
1648:Hebei
1620:(set)
1408:18th
1402:Jilin
1372:88th
1202:Benxi
1035:India
513:China
398:China
394:Jilin
63:China
59:Jilin
2327:1950
2295:1949
2263:1948
2253:1947
2216:1946
2202:1945
2184:1944
2159:1936
2077:1927
2057:1926
2047:1924
2037:1923
1983:etc.
1813:ISBN
1798:ISBN
1776:ISBN
1750:ISBN
1731:ISBN
1709:ISBN
1687:ISBN
1656:ISBN
1633:ISBN
1614:ISBN
1479:1st
1400:and
1136:The
1093:8th
1081:8th
1064:8th
1033:and
792:1st
688:and
388:for
376:The
42:Date
2267:SS
1764:to
1356:in
392:in
110:PLA
2372::
1996:)
1981:,
1977:,
1961:)
1943:/
1919:)
1901:)
1881:/
1673:,
619::
572::
396:,
61:,
57:,
2179:)
2175:(
1998:→
1986:→
1968:(
1963:→
1952:(
1921:→
1915:(
1903:→
1892:(
1849:e
1842:t
1835:v
215:e
208:t
201:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
