17:
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in the late 12th century, and soon other noble and clerical landlords competitively followed his example. The German settlers cleared the forests and thus destroyed the protective effect of the
Preseka. To defend their now unprotected soil the Silesian dukes replaced the dissolving Preseka by a strip
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and persisted in the Slavic regions until the
Ostsiedlung. As the Silesian dukes initiated the German Ostsiedlung the border forests offered the chance to plan irrespective of older settlements. This approach was started by
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was maintained by local Polish peasants and used in their self-defence. If a settlement expanded in size the fortifications were moved outwards. Placenames like Osiek, Ossig, Hag, Hänchen
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and trenches from the 8th–9th century blocking movements from the west. Gates, which could be closed in dangerous times, controlled all roads leading outwards. The
300:). Usually, Slavic marketplaces were set at an open range with few or no permanently inhabited buildings and, after Christianization, a church. Market fields (
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was a wide, uninhabited border forest, strengthened on the inside by cut-down trees whose branches were twisted together, with thick bushes and sometimes
274:. Equally unknown in detail is the division of the Lower Silesian region, which was also partitioned into small chambers divided by strips of woodland.
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of villages, fortified towns and castles. The area became the center of the evolving society (Neustamm) of the German
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219:, a region which was especially well fortified by three trenches (German: Dreigräben) and a passage to the west of
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in northern
Silesia. Originally, the Silesian Cutting was a boundary, separating territories of two Western
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568:
583:
573:
200:
69:
115:
For a long time, the
Silesian Cutting was used as a natural military obstacle, protecting the area of
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211:, which separated Silesia and Bohemia, including the foothills on a distance of 80 kilometers. The
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81:
308:) were in close proximity to fortified strongholds. This system was borrowed from 10th century
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are established. This enclosed area was divided into two chambers by a border zone. This inner
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The distribution of the Upper
Silesian border forests is relatively unknown. Only the western
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8:
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183:, today's woodland between the rivers Stobrawa and Mała Panew and ended at the Silesian
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64:) was a densely forested, uninhabited and unpassable strip of land in the middle of
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is in parts preserved until today, visible at the upper
Malapane and between
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536:
397:
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Marek Czapliński, Elżbieta
Kaszuba, Gabriela Wąs, Rościsław Żerelik,
433:
The Early Slavs: Culture and
Society in Early Medieval Eastern Europe
337:
Marek Czapliński, Elżbieta
Kaszuba, Gabriela Wąs, Rościsław Żerelik,
319:
220:
192:
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the
Cutting turned south to close the circle around Lower Silesia.
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16:
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89:
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Geschichte Schlesiens. Band 1: Von der Urzeit bis zum Jahre 1526
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492:
Change in Medieval Society: Europe North of the Alps, 1050-1500
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207:. From there the cutting turned northeast and incorporated the
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Petry, Ludwig; Josef Joachim Menzel; Winfried Irgang (2000).
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93:
520:
Handbuch der historischen Stätten: Schlesien, Second Edition
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continued up to the Lower Silesian heathland, the border to
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ridge. The fortification continued on the other side of the
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474:) Original from the University of Michigan, 611 pages,
347:) Original from the University of Michigan, 611 pages,
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and eastwards the border forests between Silesia and
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woodland, incorporated the woods to the right of the
104:. In the 12th century, along the Cutting a border of
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Mgr Stanisława Spytkowska, editor; with Anna Tosza,
123:and Czech tribes. However, it did not prevent the
282:Town-like settlements already existed before the
250:and its foothills, the woodlands of the northern
159:commemorated these unique natural circumstances.
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398:Śląsk wśród regionów Europy – wizja pokoleniowa
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227:knee the Cutting incorporated the woodlands of
541:. Stuttgart: Jan Thorbecke Verlag Stuttgart.
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484:
419:at SHVOONG Streszczenia i krótkie recenzje
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127:from invading Silesia in 1420 (see also
15:
458:
561:
427:
425:
408:
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153:Przesieka, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
286:, as craftsmen and merchants formed
400:L.O. im. T. Kościuszki w Jaworznie.
258:as well as at the woodlands of the
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422:
403:
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357:
14:
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179:(Preseka) comprised the area of
157:Przesieka, Podlaskie Voivodeship
522:. Stuttgart: Kröner Stuttgart.
579:Geography of Opole Voivodeship
331:
1:
589:Borders of the Czech Republic
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278:Impact of German Ostsiedlung
134:
7:
48:Schlesischer Grenzwald, Hag
10:
610:
290:of fortified strongholds (
175:, the main Lower Silesian
437:Cornell University Press
84:, reaching the towns of
72:in the south, along the
40:Przesieka Śląska or Oseg
518:Weczerka, Hugo (2003).
490:Sylvia Lettice Thrupp,
417:Jak powstał Górny Śląsk
163:Geographic distribution
61:
52:
47:
39:
21:
455:, 416 pages. Page 146
80:, and then along the
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252:Carpathian Mountains
594:Borders of Germany
569:History of Silesia
494:, 1988, pp.30-46,
472:History of Silesia
369:Stolica.Opole.pl,
345:History of Silesia
119:from raids of the
22:
584:Borders of Poland
574:Forests of Poland
508:978-0-8020-6699-2
453:978-0-8014-3977-3
431:Paul M. Barford,
112:was established.
68:, spreading from
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70:Golden Mountains
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32:Silesian Cutting
20:Silesian Cutting
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340:Historia Śląska
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235:. At the river
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415:M.Szołtysek,
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379:, an overview.
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233:Greater Poland
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377:Upper Silesia
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256:Moravian Gate
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248:Hrubý Jeseník
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205:Owl Mountains
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139:The Silesian
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110:Upper Silesia
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106:Lower Silesia
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310:East Francia
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229:Zielona Góra
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197:Nysa Kłodzka
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167:Starting at
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129:Hussite Wars
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96:tribes, the
74:Nysa Kłodzka
31:
30:, literally
26:
24:
23:
413:(in Polish)
394:(in Polish)
375:Regions of
371:Górny Śląsk
367:(in Polish)
284:Ostsiedlung
260:Polish Jura
223:. From the
185:Muschelkalk
563:Categories
326:References
320:Silesians
264:Przesieka
221:Szprotawa
213:Przesieka
193:Niemodlin
181:Kluczbork
177:Przesieka
149:Przesieka
141:Przesieka
135:Structure
27:Przesieka
25:Silesian
439:, 2001.
293:burg(h)s
272:Pszczyna
254:and the
199:and the
169:Namysłów
145:ramparts
125:Hussites
121:Moravian
102:Opolanie
100:and the
98:Slezanie
86:Namysłów
82:Stobrawa
315:Henry I
288:suburbs
244:Preseka
217:Lusatia
209:Sudetes
191:at the
173:Byczyna
90:Byczyna
76:to the
66:Silesia
53:Preseka
545:
526:
506:
498:
478:
451:
443:
351:
298:castra
268:Rybnik
237:Barycz
201:Golden
94:Slavic
62:Indago
44:German
36:Polish
306:rynek
117:Opole
58:Latin
543:ISBN
524:ISBN
504:ISBN
496:ISBN
476:ISBN
449:ISBN
441:ISBN
349:ISBN
302:ring
270:and
225:Bóbr
203:and
189:Oder
171:and
108:and
88:and
78:Odra
246:at
155:or
131:).
50:or
565::
502:,
447:,
424:^
405:^
386:^
359:^
322:.
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296:,
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46::
42:,
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551:.
532:.
470:(
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373:(
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34:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
