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thing. The aim of the government in the philosophy of Syasat is to change social foundations, institutions and even all the norms of society (including culture, morality and desires etc.). In simple words, Syasat entails the construction of the people's existence. On contrary, there is no construction in politics. In other words, politics follows from the people. Politics does not construct the experience of people. Of course, Shariati prefers Syasat over politics because the former is more progressive. He considers making humanity (Ensan Sazi) important. In fact, his
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1077:. Nowadays the votes of voters are directed to special channels with the help of advertising instruments. In such a condition only one who is critically conscious can dispose of distractions and surface-level arguments, and vote effectively for themselves and their communities. He maintains that the western democracy based on gold, cruelty and tricking (Zar, Zour va Tazvir) is an anti-revolutionary regime that is different from ideological Guidance.
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of learning or as a response to political currents and international movements. Thus, traditional societies, historical societies, religious societies, either in the East or in the West (be they tribal, Bedouin, civilized Muslim or non-Muslim societies, in whatever social or cultural stage of civilization they may be) have all been directly or indirectly influenced by these thoughts, intellectual currents and even new social realities.
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1106:. According to him, Imam is one who wants to guide humans not only in political, l, social economic dimensions but also in all existential dimensions. He believes that Imam is alive everywhere and every time. On one hand, Imamate is not a metaphysical belief but a revolutionary guide philosophy. He added that Imam has to guide people not according to his desire like a dictator but to Islamic ideology and authentic values.
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and the plundering of nations. He believed that liberal democracy is the enemy of humankind. He also referred to the fact that the ruling economic system of liberal democracy is unjust and contrary to the rights of people. He maintained that in such a society, someone who is weak is already subjected
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knew
Shariati as a pioneer of Islamic teaching according to the requirements of his generation. According to Sayyed Ali Khamenei, Shariati had both positive and negative characteristics. Khamenei believes that it is unfair to consider Shariati as someone who firmly disagreed with the Mullahs. One of
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manifested itself in different forms throughout history. For example, in ancient times there were slave economies that transferred to capitalist society in modern times. In other words, machinism, or the dependence on machines, can be considered the latest stage of private ownership. Machinism began
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and
Iranian society. According to Shariati, democracy is inconsistent with revolutionary evolution and progress. One of his criticism of Western ideology is its . One of his other criticisms is the denial of spirituality in Western philosophy. In fact, those ideologies attempt to prevent humans from
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For explaining better the commitment to democracy, he at first divides between two concepts. One of them is Syasat and the other is politic. Syasat is a philosophy by which the government would have the responsibility of changing and building the society. In fact, Syasat is a progressive and dynamic
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Shariati developed the idea of the social, cultural and historical contingencies of religious knowledge in sociology. He believed in the earthly religion and in the social context in which the meaning of society is construed. He also emphasized that he understood religion historically because he was
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by the
Egyptian thinker Abdul Hamid Jowdat-al-Sahar. According to this book, Abu Dhar was the very first socialist. Then, Shariati's father declared that his son believed that the principles of Abu Dhar are fundamental. Even some thinkers described Shariati as the modern-day Abu Dhar in Iran. Of all
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From the 18th through to the 20th century (particularly after World War 2) any attempt to address the special problem of the social rights of women and their specific characteristics has been seen as a mere by-product of a spiritual or psychic shock or the result of a revolutionary crisis in centers
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of 1979. He asserts that
Shariati emerged at the time of the revolution as "an unparalleled revolutionary intellectual" with his portraits widely present during the marches and protests and his nickname as "mo'allem-e enqilab" (revolutionary mentor) chanted by millions and whose literature and tapes
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When he was writing the three letters to Fanon, unlike him, Shariati believed that it is not true that one must put away religion to fight imperialism. He felt that people could fight imperialism solely by recovering their cultural identity. In some countries, such an identity was intertwined with
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According to Hamid Enayat, Shariati was not only a theorist but also an adherent of
Islamic radicalism. Enayat believes that Shariati can be considered the founder of Islamic socialism. Enayat considers him to be one of the most beloved and popular individuals in Islamic radicalism and socialism.
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of human science during investigation and scientific research. He believed that there was a relationship between the values of scholarship and the effects of those values on the conclusions of an investigation. He believed that it was not necessary to extend the other conclusions of other
Western
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problems was the emergence of private ownership. He believed that in the modern era, the appearance of the machine was the second most fundamental change in the human condition. In fact, private ownership and the emergence of the machine, if considered one of two curves of history, belong to the
1229:, all material and spiritual resources are accessible to everyone. But monopoly polarised the human community. In fact, according to Shariati, private ownership is the main cause of all modern problems. These problems change men's brotherhood and love to duplicity, deceit, hatred, exploitation,
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and political thought. He attempted to explain and offer solutions for the problems faced by Muslim societies through traditional
Islamic principles interwoven with, and understood from, the point of view of modern sociology and philosophy. His articles from this period for the Mashhad daily
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to defeat and annihilation. There are basic foundations in
Shariati's thoughts and his criticism of liberal democracy. The first foundation is related to the contrast between the religious worldview and the non-religious one. He explained history, society and humanity according to a
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second period of history. The first period is collective ownership. However, Shariati gave a critique of the historical development of religion and the modern philosophical and ideological movements and their relationship to both private ownership and the emergence of the machine.
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His continued success again aroused the interest of the government, which arrested him, along with many of his students. Widespread pressure from the people, and an international outcry, eventually led to his release on 20 March 1975, after eighteen months in solitary confinement.
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He argues that the liberation of women has begun in the West, and many fear it occurring in the Muslim world, in part because they are misinformed, and have not looked at Islam through an historical perspective, and are relying on their own misinterpretation of Islam:
1205:. He explained that the first stage, collectivity, was concerned with social equality and spiritual oneness. But the second stage, which is the current era, could be considered as the domination of the many by one. The second stage began with the emergence of
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and knowledge. He appreciated the empirical methodology. He also criticised traditionalism for its disregard for scientific methodology. On another hand, he criticised the
Modernists because they confuse the Western ideological theories with valid scientific
1167:, believed that there was no special pattern for the analysis of social affairs and historical events. He thought that there was no unity of religion and society, but rather there were many religions and societies. He referred to the active role of the
808:, who argued that a good society would conform to Islamic values. He suggested that the role of government was to guide society in the best possible manner rather than manage it in the best possible way. He believed that the most learned members of the
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with the ideological means for its own liberation. One of his premises was that Islam by nature is a revolutionary ideology. Therefore, Islam could relate to the modern world as an ideology. According to
Shariati, the historical and original origin of
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a third way between those of America and the Soviet Union. At the same time, they were not wholly utopian and they were partly Islamic. Of course there are differences between them - Shariati was a leftist while Qutb was a conservative. According to
537:, Shariati came into contact with young people who were from less privileged economic classes of society, and for the first time saw the poverty and hardship that existed in Iran during that period. At the same time, he was exposed to many aspects of
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were only sexually liberated and did not have any social freedom. He attributed this in part to the "rather bourgeois cognition," and in part to the Freudian ideal of sexual liberation. To Shariati, Freud was one of the agents of the bourgeois:
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Up to the appearance of Freud (who was one of the agents of the bourgeoisie), it was through the liberal bourgeois spirit that scientific sexualism was manifested. It must be taken into consideration that the bourgeoisie is always an inferior
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Imams. He argued that the role of the clergy was to guide society in accordance with Islamic values to advance human beings towards reaching their highest potentialânot to provide/serve the hedonistic desires of individuals as in the West.
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achieving transcendental goals and any . In this vein, he firmly criticised capitalism, and at the same time, he admired socialism because it would lead humanity to evolution and free it from utilitarianism. However, he firmly criticised
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In such societies the newly-educated class, the pseudo-intellectuals, who are in the majority, strongly and vigorously welcome this crisis. They themselves even act as one of the forces that strengthen this corrupting and destructive
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Institute. These lectures were hugely popular among his students and were spread by word of mouth throughout all economic sectors of society, including the middle and upper classes, where interest in his teachings began to grow.
1336:. One similarity is that both of them paved the way for the imminent revolution in Iran and Egypt. Both desired Islamic cultural dominance. Both were fans of being revolutionary about ruling values and norms. They considered
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worldview. He explained liberalism as something with inequality and discrimination. Freedom and equality based on spirituality were the very basis of pre-modern societies which were devastated in one period of history.
607:
and translated an anthology of his work into Persian. Shariati introduced Fanon's thought into Iranian revolutionary émigrée circles. He was arrested in Paris on 17 January 1961 during a demonstration in honour of
672:
in 1964, where he was arrested and imprisoned for engaging in subversive political activities while in France. He was released after a few weeks, at which point he began teaching at the University of Mashhad.
530:. It was a social Islamic forum which became embroiled in the oil nationalisation movement of the 1950s. Shariati's mother was a small land-owning family, stemming from Sabzevar, a little town near Mashhad.
1345:, Ali Shariati was a thinker who created a school for revolution. The school guided young people to revolutionary action. Beheshti believes that Shariati's work was fundamental to the Islamic revolution.
1114:
Some scholars classify him among the current religious neo-thinkers. According to this standpoint, Shariati accepted the rationality of the West. Shariati called the theoretical foundation of the West as
943:
Most often, we are satisfied by pointing out that Islam gives great value to science or establishes progressive rights for women. Unfortunately we never actually use or benefit from this value or these
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He concludes that a scholar or scientist who lives, thinks, and studies during the bourgeois age, measures collective, cultural, and spiritual values based on the economy, production and consumption.
824:. "Our mosques, the revolutionary left and our preachers," he declared, "work for the benefit of the deprived people and against the lavish and lush... Our clerics who teach jurisprudence and issue
928:. The point of his lecture is not to show that women's rights do not exist in Islam, but to show that what Shariati saw as anti-Islamic traditions have had tragic results for Muslim women. He uses
812:(clergy) should play a leadership role in guiding society because they best understand how to administer an Islamic value system based on the teachings of the Prophets of God and the 12 Shia
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at the house he was renting from psychology professor Dr. Butterworth. He is believed to have been killed by the SAVAK, the Iranian security service during the time of the Shah. However, in
1312:
1136:. According to Shariati, the knowledge of reason is self-evident. Therefore, he suggested thinking of reason as the axiom for understanding the other sources namely the holy book or
724:'s biography of Shariati, he is said to have died of a heart attack under mysterious circumstances, although no hospital or medical records have been found. He is buried next to
2872:'Ali Shari'ati: Between Marx and the Infinite' A review essay of Ali Rahnema's biography of Shari'ati with an extensive discussion on the philosopher's political significance
1324:
the positive sides of Shariati was his ability to explain his thoughts with suitable and simple language for his generation. Shariati was somewhat supportive of Mullahs in
522:. His father's family were clerics. His father, Mohammad-Taqi, was a teacher and Islamic scholar. In 1947, he opened the Centre for the Propagation of Islamic Truths in
1189:
as the infrastructure and foundation of human and society was strayed. Conversely, Sharia places the human, not the economy, as the foundation and origin of society.
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Despite Shariati's early death, he authored some 200 publications including "articles, seminar papers, and lecture series" in addition to more than a hundred books.
1156:. He insisted on the concepts of knowledge and time along with the holy book and tradition and stressed the important role of methodology and changing of viewpoint.
2406:
Behrooz Ghamari-Tabrizi, Abdolkarim Soroush, The Oxford Handbook of Islam and Politics, Edited by John L. Esposito and Emad El-Din Shahin, online pub date: Dec 2013
1986:
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He sought to translate these ideas into cultural symbols of Shiism that Iranians could relate to. Shariati believed Shia should not merely await the return of the
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In 1952, he became a high-school teacher and founded the Islamic Students' Association, which led to his arrest following a demonstration. In 1953, the year of
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Shariati believed that the government of Imam Ali could be considered the best form of democracy. On this occasion, he tried to interpret the behaviour of
1103:
1955:
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1328:. Some Scholars like Elizabeth F. Thompson try to envisage some similarities between Shariati and his role in the Islamic revolution in Iran with
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and criticised tajadod. He also believed that civilization has to be considered as something deep. He also highly acknowledged the importance of
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had already been widely available before the revolution. "My father" recalls Bayat, "barely literate, had his own copies" of Shariati's works.
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in contrast with his enemy. He called this democracy Commitment democracy. It appears that Shariati did not accept the western definition of
773:. His interpretation of Shiism encouraged revolution in the world, and promised salvation after death. He referred to his brand of Shiism as
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in 1955. In 1957, he was arrested again by the Iranian police, along with sixteen other members of the National Resistance Movement.
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498:. He is held as one of the most influential Iranian intellectuals of the 20th century, and has been called the "ideologue of the
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Abrahamian, Ervand. 1993. "Ali Shariati: Ideologue of the Iranian Revolution". In Edmund Burke and Ira Lapidus (eds.),
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1987:"Guardians of the Islamic Revolution: Ideology, Politics, and the Development of Military Power in Iran (1979â2009)"
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in the nineteenth century and human beings have had to confront the many anxieties and problems arousing from it.
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2211:"Ali Shariati and Crafting a Collective Revolutionary Islamic Identity for Women: A Socio-Historical Perspective"
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Iran, the untold story: an insider's account of America's Iranian adventure and its consequences for the future
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although he had no problem with democracy. According to him, a religious government is a democratic right of
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The Iranian Political Elite, State and Society Relations, and Foreign Relations since the Islamic Revolution
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Hegel und Ali Shariati: Geschichtsphilosophische Betrachtungen im Geiste der islamischen Revolution im Iran
1102:. Commitment democracy appeared out of his lecture in Hoseyniyeh Ershad; a famous lecture with the name of
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There are many adherents and opponents of Shariati's views and Shariati's personality is largely unknown.
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Shariati translated many books into Persian. Besides the work of Abu Zarr mentioned above, he translated
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his thoughts, there is his insistence on the necessity of revolutionary action. Shariati believed that
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1818:. Los Angeles: University of California Press. First published in MERIP Reports (January 1982): 25â28.
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Revolutionary Ideology and Islamic Militancy: The Iranian Revolution and Interpretations of the Quran
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1176:, liberalism, Marxism, etc. He maintained that there was conformity and correspondence between the
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546:, display his developing eclecticism and acquaintance with the ideas of modernist thinkers such as
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23 November 1933 â 18 June 1977) was an Iranian revolutionary and sociologist who focused on the
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scholars to our society. However, he criticised the Western ideological schools such as
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fundamental religious beliefs. Shariati refers to the maxim of returning to ourselves.
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Critical Religious Reason: Ali Shari'ati on Religion, Philosophy and Emancipation
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thinking of his time from the other side. He is said to have adopted the idea of
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2826:. 1995. "Reviewing the Performance of Intellectuals from 1941 to 1979", Tehran:
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comparative inquiry on western democracy and commitment democracy of Ali Sharity
502:", although his ideas did not end up forming the basis of the Islamic Republic.
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At the same time, Shariati was very critical of some clerics and defended the
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in 1964. During this period in Paris, Shariati started collaborating with the
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1152:(consensus). Shariati also dismissed consensus as a source for understanding
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citizens. He believed that one of the basic problems of western democracy is
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2559:"ۚۧŰČŰźÙۧÙÙ Ù
۔ۧŰŰšÙ Ű±Ùۚ۱ Ù
ŰčŰžÙ
ۧÙÙÙۧۚ ŰŻŰ±ŰšŰ§Ű±Ù Ù
۱ŰÙÙ
ێ۱ÙŰčŰȘÙ | ۟ۚ۱گŰČŰ§Ű±Û Ùۧ۱۳"
1963:
1608:
1320:
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604:
2884:'Ali Shari'ati: Islamic Fundamentalist, Marxist Ideologist and Sufi Mystic
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1936:
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329:
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2014:
The Myth of the Great Satan: A New Look at America's Relations with Iran
7226:
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6135:
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5843:
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4909:
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4585:
4549:
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4363:
4288:
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3753:
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3620:
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3437:
3406:
3386:
3330:
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2889:
1222:
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1024:
a sociologist. He said he was concerned with the historical and social
894:
770:
756:
676:
580:
Shariati then earned a scholarship to continue his graduate studies at
2281:
2257:
1726:
modern philosopher of Politic Islam, revolutionist and social activist
1201:
is composed of two stages: the stage of collectivity and the stage of
5833:
5772:
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4214:
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3853:
3580:
3351:
3275:
3182:
3156:
3076:
2866:
2697:
2656:
Pieces of the Game: The Human Drama of Americans Held Hostage in Iran
1848:
1311:
1218:
1182:
1164:
1074:
1066:
1045:
990:
875:
2915:
1754:
83:
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5017:
4982:
4956:
4936:
4889:
4700:
4655:
4539:
4443:
4433:
4398:
4368:
4189:
3665:
3391:
3361:
3320:
3315:
3081:
3056:
2615:. Institute of Islamic studies, Mc Gill University. pp. 30â37.
2186:
Revolution without Revolutionaries: Making Sense of the Arab Spring
1505:
Reflections of a Concerned Muslim on the Plight of Oppressed People
1356:, Shariati was the number one ideologue of the Islamic revolution.
1337:
1238:
1234:
1153:
1029:
933:
821:
740:
515:
348:
307:
1209:. The various types of private ownership in history have included
897:
has recorded his observations as a witness and participant in the
275:
6145:
6058:
4946:
4914:
4904:
4675:
4635:
4468:
4393:
4378:
4358:
3427:
3290:
3071:
3029:
3012:
2092:
2069:
1735:
1214:
1210:
1198:
1186:
1168:
1128:
1002:
879:
813:
713:
585:
534:
523:
511:
1145:
870:, but should actively work to hasten his return by fighting for
4894:
4695:
4483:
4458:
4448:
4418:
4403:
4209:
3300:
3270:
3122:
3034:
2965:
1091:
1087:
1070:
1054:
1025:
765:
Shariati and his family, one day after his release from prison.
697:
4924:
4413:
4348:
3310:
3305:
3285:
3093:
1333:
1137:
1044:. He pointed out that there is a direct relationship between
1011:
925:
863:
and given it "its most vibrant and influential second life".
826:
809:
805:
2878:
Humanity and the People Power: A Tribute to Dr. Ali Shariati
2861:
2511:"A Disputed Utopia: Islamic Economics in Revolutionary Iran"
1893:
1891:
1781:"30th Anniversary of the Foundation of the Islamic Republic"
1651:. He also began to work on the translation of Franz Fanon's
830:
are right-wingers, capitalist, and conservative; simply our
761:
4919:
4343:
3295:
2475:
Shariati and thinking on west from religious neo reflection
1469:
1325:
744:
669:
390:
2604:
1941:
An Islamic Utopian. A Political Biography of Ali Shari'ati
1832:
An Islamic Utopian. A Political Biography of Ali Shari'ati
1661:
as a major Marxist Muslim and began to translate his book
1614:
Paradox as Decolonization: Ali Shariati's Islamic Lawgiver
4488:
4383:
2838:
An Islamic Utopian: A Political Biography of Ali Shariati
1888:
1757:
Distant Relations: Iran and Lebanon in the Last 500 Years
1584:"The Intelligentsia's Task for Reconstruction of Society"
1062:
736:
631:
abroad. In 1962, he continued studying sociology and the
2902:
Our Expectations of the Muslim Woman by Dr. Ali Shariati
2144:
The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran
1391:
Marxism and Other Western Fallacies: An Islamic Critique
769:
Shariati sought to revive the revolutionary currents of
716:. Shortly after, on June 18, 1977, he was found dead in
2459:"40th memorial ceremony of Dr. Shariati held in London"
2396:(PhD dissertation). University of Missouri. p. 78.
2421:
Sayyed Javad Imam Jomeh Zadeh, Hosein Rouhani (2007).
1447:
A Manifestation of Self-Reconstruction and Reformation
635:
in Paris, and followed the courses of Islamic scholar
4065:
The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
1457:
Norouz, Declaration of Iranian's Livelihood, Eternity
841:
that he encountered as a student in Parisâideas that
603:(FLN) in 1959. The following year, he began to read
1185:. According to Shariati, Karl Marx's theory on the
108:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2911:lecture, translated into English by Laleh Bakhtiar
2746:"Martyrdom: Arise and Bear Witness â Ali Shariati"
533:In his years at the Teacher's Training College in
2793:
2766:
2359:
1897:
510:Ali Shariati (Ali Masharati) was born in 1933 in
7361:
2613:Ali shariati and the mystical tradition of islam
2168:
1040:In the first place, Shariati criticised western
6211:
2610:
2471:
1411:Extraction and Refinement of Cultural Resources
967:Shariati believed that women in Iran under the
837:Shariati's works were highly influenced by the
785:. His ideas have been compared to the Catholic
199:for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling
30:"Shariati" redirects here. For other uses, see
27:Iranian sociologist and philosopher (1933â1977)
2846:Iranian Intellectuals in the Twentieth Century
2692:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2082:
2080:
1803:Iranian Intellectuals in the Twentieth Century
789:movement founded in South America by Peruvian
6197:
4304:
2931:
2387:
2385:
2383:
1755:Houchang Chehabi, Rula Jurdi Abisaab (2006).
573:. He received his bachelor's degree from the
554:of Pakistan, among the Muslim community, and
4810:
3173:
3127:
3113:
2583:
2262:International Journal of Middle East Studies
2106:
2010:
845:and revolution would bring about a just and
4746:
2683:
2391:
2332:. Princeton University Press. p. 465.
2314:Expectations from the Muslim Woman (Part 1)
2297:Expectations from the Muslim Woman (Part 2)
2171:From Blank Revolution to Islamic Revolution
2077:
777:which he contrasted with non-revolutionary
680:The tomb of Shariat, fot. Hamed Jafarnejad.
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
6204:
6190:
4311:
4297:
2938:
2924:
2524:(4). Cambridge University Press: 775â813.
2518:Comparative Studies in Society and History
2380:
2325:
2128:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1541:â see chapter "Modern Man and His Prisons"
1225:among others. According to the concept of
920:, first given in 1975, Shariati discusses
274:
2896:The forgotten revolutionary: Ali Shariati
2188:. Stanford University Press. p. 47.
1299:Learn how and when to remove this message
984:
241:Learn how and when to remove this message
223:Learn how and when to remove this message
168:Learn how and when to remove this message
4318:
2394:Ali Shariati and The Islamic Renaissance
2236:
2234:
2232:
1842:
1840:
1310:
1028:, not with the truth of the Quran or of
760:
683:
675:
5894:Reflections on the Revolution in France
2862:The Official WebSite of Dr Ali Shariati
2255:
2208:
1984:
1978:
1080:
1035:
993:began with the translation of the book
989:It seems that his eagerness to explore
939:He begins his lecture by stating that:
905:
750:
688:The mausoleum of Shariat in 2001, fot.
647:. He also came to know the philosopher
14:
7362:
2508:
2004:
1090:is constructed with three concepts of
6185:
4292:
2945:
2919:
2307:
2305:
2229:
2183:
2177:
1846:
1837:
1816:Islam, Politics, and Social Movements
1738:, also called Red Head Alevi Shiites.
1510:A Message to the Enlightened Thinkers
1315:1980 Iranian stamp honoring Shariati.
7390:Freedom Movement of Iran politicians
7350:Category:Political prisoners in Iran
2909:Our Expectations of the Muslim Woman
2848:. Austin: University of Texas Press.
2797:Radical Islam: The Iranian Mojahedin
2770:Radical Islam: The Iranian Mojahedin
2363:Radical Islam: The Iranian Mojahedin
2243:Our Expectations on the Muslim Woman
2215:Journal of Asian and African Studies
1901:Radical Islam: The Iranian Mojahedin
1805:. Austin: University of Texas Press.
1249:
918:Our Expectations of the Muslim Woman
179:
106:adding citations to reliable sources
77:
36:
6004:The End of History and the Last Man
5914:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
2326:Abrahamian, Ervand (21 July 1982).
1406:The Free Man and Freedom of the Man
487:
24:
2817:
2302:
2258:"Women and the Islamic Revolution"
1953:«La jeune génération est un enjeu»
1860:from the original on 16 June 2022.
1463:Expectations from the Muslim Woman
1427:An approach to Understanding Islam
1192:
913:Expectations from the Muslim Woman
874:, "even to the point of embracing
849:âfrom one side, and the epistemic
834:is at the service of capitalism."
712:Shariati was allowed to leave for
700:, where he began lecturing at the
601:Algerian National Liberation Front
25:
7481:
7410:20th-century Iranian philosophers
2855:
1709:Religious Intellectualism in Iran
52:This article has multiple issues.
7345:
7344:
5974:The Open Society and Its Enemies
4135:The Closing of the American Mind
4055:Civilization and Its Discontents
4035:A Vindication of Natural Society
2587:Modern Islamic Political Thought
1254:
591:. He left Paris after earning a
184:
82:
41:
4781:Family as a model for the state
2787:
2760:
2738:
2712:
2661:
2658:, Peachtree Publ (1984), p. 118
2648:
2645:, Pantheon Books (1982), p. 129
2632:
2619:
2590:. Acls History E Book Project.
2577:
2551:
2509:Behdad, Sohrab (October 1994).
2502:
2465:
2451:
2400:
2353:
2319:
2288:
2249:
2202:
2162:
2149:
2136:
2100:
2057:
2044:
2031:
1946:
1930:
1918:
1359:
1018:
998:: The God-Worshipping Socialist
93:needs additional citations for
60:or discuss these issues on the
7380:Iranian Shia scholars of Islam
6131:Separation of church and state
6029:Collectivism and individualism
5984:The Origins of Totalitarianism
1876:
1864:
1821:
1808:
1795:
1773:
1748:
1679:Intellectual Movements in Iran
1626:
1595:
1528:The Philosophy of Supplication
1437:A Glance of Tomorrow's History
1367:
1119:and called its appearances as
948:He continues by stating that:
651:that same year, and published
436:Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
401:Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
13:
1:
6171:Category:Political philosophy
6044:Critique of political economy
4025:Oration on the Dignity of Man
2110:Jahatgiri-ye Tabaqati-e Islam
2039:Red Shi'ism vs. Black Shi'ism
2017:. Hoover Press. p. 122.
1834:. London: I.B. Tauris, p. 35.
1742:
1704:Red Shi'ism vs. Black Shi'ism
1494:Red Shi'ism vs. Black Shi'ism
1197:According to Shariati, human
1159:Shariati, who was the fan of
584:under the supervision of the
6069:Institutional discrimination
6064:History of political thought
4796:Negative and positive rights
4095:The Society of the Spectacle
2461:. Iran Daily (Tehran, Iran).
2329:Iran Between Two Revolutions
1432:A Visage of Prophet Muhammad
1109:
569:, he became a member of the
505:
7:
7470:Political prisoners in Iran
7395:Iranian democracy activists
6770:Mohammad Seddigh Kaboudvand
6212:Political prisoners in Iran
6079:Justification for the state
5864:Two Treatises of Government
2880:by Dr. Mohammad Omar Farooq
2800:. I.B.Tauris. p. 107.
2773:. I.B.Tauris. p. 109.
2629:, I.B.Tauris (2009), p. 127
2392:Manouchehri, Abbas (1988).
2366:. I.B.Tauris. p. 106.
2159:, Norton, (2006), pp. 128â9
1985:Ostovar, Afshon P. (2009).
1904:. I.B.Tauris. p. 105.
1853:. University of Amsterdam.
1759:. I.B.Tauris. p. 183.
1672:
1274:. The specific problem is:
728:, the granddaughter of the
10:
7486:
7435:University of Paris alumni
7111:Amir Hossein Heshmat Saran
4749:Bellum omnium contra omnes
2867:Biography and publications
2794:Ervand Abrahamian (1989).
2767:Ervand Abrahamian (1989).
2360:Ervand Abrahamian (1989).
2256:Ferdows, Adele K. (1983).
2209:Moqadam, Mahbubeh (2023).
1898:Ervand Abrahamian (1989).
1148:(Prophetic biography) and
1123:. He emphasized accepting
754:
668:Shariati then returned to
29:
7341:
7260:
7219:
7141:Ali-Akbar Mousavi Khoeini
7106:Faezeh Hashemi Rafsanjani
7013:
6937:
6921:
6885:
6854:
6813:
6795:Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe
6647:
6606:
6580:
6559:
6518:
6497:
6471:
6230:
6217:
6166:
6016:
5785:
5433:
5166:
5046:
4965:
4877:
4868:
4734:
4568:
4497:
4326:
4273:
4177:
4165:Intellectuals and Society
4115:The Culture of Narcissism
4006:
3674:
3466:
3415:
3344:
3258:
3251:
3191:
2953:
2898:by Lawrence Reza Ershaghi
2698:"Ali Shariati ŰčÙÛ ŰŽŰ±ÛŰčŰȘÛ"
2669:"Hajj â Dr. Ali Shariati"
2530:10.1017/S0010417500019435
2312:Dr Ali Shariati website,
2295:Dr Ali Shariati website,
2274:10.1017/S0020743800052326
2223:10.1177/00219096231207891
2169:Naser Gharagozlu (2006).
2118:. Tehran. pp. 37â38.
1565:Religion against Religion
1452:Selection and/or Election
1401:Mission of a Free Thinker
1245:
800:Shariati was a prominent
552:Sir Allama Muhammad Iqbal
469:
461:
451:
441:
431:
423:
415:
396:
386:
340:
318:
285:
273:
264:
257:
32:Shariati (disambiguation)
7181:Abolghasem Sarhaddizadeh
5954:The Revolt of the Masses
4155:The Malaise of Modernity
4105:The History of Sexuality
3204:Catholic social teaching
2722:. Ezania. Archived from
2639:Mohamed Hassanein Heikal
2611:Abdollah Vakili (1991).
2472:Fardin Qoreishi (2001).
2054:, Norton, (2006), p. 129
1992:. University of Michigan
1694:List of Islamic scholars
1621:10.1177/0090591720977804
1560:Community and Leadership
1534:Religion versus Religion
1515:Art Awaiting the Saviour
878:," saying "every day is
629:Freedom Movement of Iran
615:The same year he joined
456:Freedom Movement of Iran
312:Imperial State of Persia
265:
7242:Seyed Hossein Mousavian
6985:Mohammad Farrokhi Yazdi
6950:MohammadReza Alee Payam
6780:Mashallah Shamsolvaezin
5934:The Communist Manifesto
4860:Tyranny of the majority
4771:Consent of the governed
4235:Philosophy of education
1958:5 December 2006 at the
1732:, a student of Shariati
1442:Reflections of Humanity
548:Jamal al-Din al-Afghani
371:33.444944°N 36.341833°E
7460:20th-century essayists
7176:Gholam Hossein Sadighi
6546:Amir Reza Nasr Azadani
6343:Amir Khosrow Dalirsani
6278:Golrokh Ebrahimi Iraee
6248:Maryam Akbari Monfared
4811:
4761:Clash of civilizations
4747:
3174:
3128:
3114:
2844:Gheissari, Ali. 1998.
2841:. London: I.B. Tauris.
1943:. London: I.B. Tauris.
1801:Gheissari, Ali. 1998.
1609:10.1515/hgjb-2014-0158
1575:Historical Determinism
1545:Arise and Bear Witness
1316:
1237:. The polarisation by
1005:could not provide the
985:Shariati and socialism
979:
965:
955:
946:
766:
747:pilgrims often visit.
735:, and the daughter of
696:Shariati next went to
693:
681:
419:Sociologist, Historian
345:Sayyidah Zaynab Mosque
7171:Abdollah Ramezanzadeh
7126:Mohammad-Reza Khatami
6862:Amir Farshad Ebrahimi
6593:Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi
6463:Sayed Ziaoddin Nabavi
4776:Divine right of kings
4240:Philosophy of history
4230:Philosophy of culture
4125:A Conflict of Visions
2828:Imam Sadiq University
2584:Hamid Enayat (2008).
2107:Ali Shariati (1980).
2011:Abbas Milani (2010).
1589:Ba Mukhatabhaye Ashna
1550:Lessons on Islamology
1396:Where Shall We Begin?
1375:Hajj (The Pilgrimage)
1314:
974:
960:
950:
941:
882:, every place is the
764:
687:
679:
575:University of Mashhad
539:Western philosophical
496:sociology of religion
480:Ali Shariati Mazinani
465:Pouran Shariat Razavi
290:Ali Shariati Mazinani
7425:Islamic philosophers
7415:Iranian sociologists
7385:People from Sabzevar
7268:Ali Mohammad Afghani
7051:Seyyed Ebrahim Amini
6821:Mohammad Ali Dadkhah
6655:Bahman Ahmadi Amouee
6348:Dhabihu'llah Mahrami
6283:Amir Abbas Fakhravar
6268:Mahmudali Chehregani
5924:Democracy in America
5303:political philosophy
5286:political philosophy
5101:political philosophy
4930:political philosophy
4840:Separation of powers
4801:Night-watchman state
4786:Monopoly on violence
4320:Political philosophy
4245:Political philosophy
4045:Democracy in America
2892:by Abbas Manoochehri
2625:Najibullah Lafraie,
2547:on 19 February 2020.
2184:Bayat, Asef (2017).
1847:Rakel, E.P. (2008).
1580:What is to be Done?'
1281:improve this section
1270:to meet Knowledge's
1081:Commitment democracy
1036:Political philosophy
906:On the role of women
751:Views and popularity
643:and the sociologist
633:history of religions
567:Mossadeq's overthrow
376:33.444944; 36.341833
102:improve this article
7288:Mahmoud Etemadzadeh
7283:Mahmoud Dowlatabadi
7136:Mir-Hossein Mousavi
6970:Mohammad-Taqi Bahar
6965:Mehdi Akhavan-Sales
6929:Amir Emad Mirmirani
6846:Abdolfattah Soltani
6598:Mohammad Ali Taheri
6510:Amir Emad Mirmirani
6438:Ghasem Sholeh-Saadi
6313:Vida Hajebi Tabrizi
6114:Right-wing politics
5994:A Theory of Justice
5964:The Road to Serfdom
5884:The Social Contract
4591:Christian democracy
4085:One-Dimensional Man
2907:Online copy of the
2478:. pp. 178â179.
1730:Abdulaziz Sachedina
1654:A Dying Colonialism
1638:What Is Literature?
1386:Guftuguhaye Tanhaâi
1163:in his analysis of
787:Liberation Theology
582:University of Paris
405:University of Paris
367: /
7465:Critics of Marxism
7445:20th-century poets
7400:Iranian dissidents
7313:Ahmad Samii Gilani
7278:Najaf Daryabandari
7116:Amir-Abbas Hoveyda
7046:Mohammad Atrianfar
7036:Abbas Amir-Entezam
6841:Mohammad Seifzadeh
6680:Mohammad Ghouchani
6423:Kavous Seyed-Emami
6323:Leila Hosseinzadeh
6298:Ali-Asghar Gharavi
6126:Political violence
6121:Political theology
6104:Left-wing politics
6099:Political spectrum
4205:Cultural pessimism
4200:Cultural criticism
3099:National character
2654:Charles W. Scott,
2241:Al-Islam website,
1990:(PhD Dissertation)
1972:, 26 January 2006
1925:An Islamic Utopian
1883:An Islamic Utopian
1871:An Islamic Utopian
1699:Philosophy in Iran
1663:Le meilleur combat
1521:Fatemeh is Fatemeh
1500:Jihad and Shahadat
1317:
1178:Western philosophy
932:, the daughter of
899:Iranian revolution
767:
694:
682:
518:, in northeastern
500:Islamic Revolution
488:ŰčÙÛ ŰŽŰ±ÛŰčŰȘÛ Ù
ŰČÛÙۧÙÛ
203:You can assist by
7450:Iranian Islamists
7405:Iranian essayists
7357:
7356:
7308:Fariborz Raisdana
7232:Ramin Jahanbegloo
7146:Farajollah Mizani
7091:Sadegh Ghotbzadeh
7071:Nasrollah Entezam
7005:Sedigheh Vasmaghi
6990:Khosrow Golsorkhi
6975:Keramat Daneshian
6785:Heshmat Tabarzadi
6675:Abdolali Bazargan
6639:Mohammad Rasoulof
6629:Mohammad Nourizad
6531:Ali Akbar Heidari
6484:Hengameh Ghaziani
6479:Taraneh Alidoosti
6458:Habibollah Peyman
6393:Shiva Nazar Ahari
6388:Youcef Nadarkhani
6293:Parvaneh Forouhar
6179:
6178:
6089:Philosophy of law
6034:Conflict theories
5874:The Spirit of Law
5781:
5780:
4830:Original position
4286:
4285:
4002:
4001:
3147:Spontaneous order
3137:Social alienation
2986:Cultural heritage
2947:Social philosophy
2565:on 9 January 2017
2427:. pp. 59â78.
2142:Mottahedeh, Roy,
2024:978-0-8179-1136-2
1962:, interview with
1667:The Best Struggle
1475:Battle of Karbala
1343:Mahmoud Taleghani
1309:
1308:
1301:
1272:quality standards
1263:This section may
1207:private ownership
1203:private ownership
1129:empirical science
1104:Ummah and Imamate
1042:liberal democracy
847:classless society
791:Gustavo Gutierrez
702:Hosseiniye Ershad
528:Khorasan Province
477:
476:
446:Hosseiniye Ershad
424:Years active
251:
250:
243:
233:
232:
225:
178:
177:
170:
152:
75:
16:(Redirected from
7477:
7430:Muslim reformers
7348:
7347:
7333:Sadegh Zibakalam
7328:Nasser Zarafshan
7303:Shahrokh Meskoob
7201:Mostafa Tajzadeh
7186:Ali Shakouri-Rad
7151:Ahmad Moftizadeh
7086:Dariush Forouhar
7061:Jila Baniyaghoob
7031:Shahrbanoo Amani
7021:Mohsen Aminzadeh
6898:Shervin Hajipour
6775:Hengameh Shahidi
6710:Elaheh Mohammadi
6690:Adnan Hassanpour
6634:Hossein Rajabian
6624:Mahnaz Mohammadi
6505:Atena Farghadani
6433:Jamshid Sharmahd
6378:Narges Mohammadi
6373:Ahmad Moftizadeh
6368:Mohsen Mirdamadi
6303:Kouhyar Goudarzi
6206:
6199:
6192:
6183:
6182:
6094:Political ethics
6084:Machiavellianism
6024:Authoritarianism
6009:
5999:
5989:
5979:
5969:
5959:
5949:
5939:
5929:
5919:
5909:
5899:
5889:
5879:
5869:
5859:
5849:
5839:
5829:
5819:
5809:
5799:
4875:
4874:
4816:
4752:
4742:Balance of power
4716:Social democracy
4711:Social Darwinism
4686:Multiculturalism
4631:Environmentalism
4606:Communitarianism
4313:
4306:
4299:
4290:
4289:
4250:Social criticism
4170:
4160:
4150:
4140:
4130:
4120:
4110:
4100:
4090:
4080:
4070:
4060:
4050:
4040:
4030:
4020:
3256:
3255:
3238:Frankfurt School
3216:Communitarianism
3179:
3133:
3119:
2940:
2933:
2926:
2917:
2916:
2874:by Nathan Coombs
2812:
2811:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2726:on 12 March 2007
2716:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2694:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2665:
2659:
2652:
2646:
2636:
2630:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2561:. Archived from
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2540:. Archived from
2515:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2493:
2489:
2487:
2479:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2442:
2438:
2436:
2428:
2418:
2407:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2389:
2378:
2377:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2323:
2317:
2309:
2300:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2253:
2247:
2238:
2227:
2226:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2166:
2160:
2157:The Shia Revival
2153:
2147:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2127:
2119:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2084:
2075:
2074:
2061:
2055:
2052:The Shia Revival
2048:
2042:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1991:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1950:
1944:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1895:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1844:
1835:
1825:
1819:
1812:
1806:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1752:
1714:Jalal Al-e-Ahmad
1648:Guerilla Warfare
1633:Jean-Paul Sartre
1304:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1284:
1258:
1257:
1250:
1227:social ownership
1161:Georges Gurvitch
893:Social theorist
861:Jalal Al-e Ahmad
653:Jalal Al-e Ahmad
649:Jean-Paul Sartre
645:Georges Gurvitch
627:in founding the
625:Sadegh Qotbzadeh
597:Persian language
493:
489:
382:
381:
379:
378:
377:
372:
368:
365:
364:
363:
360:
325:
300:23 November 1933
299:
297:
280:Shariati in 1972
278:
268:
255:
254:
246:
239:
228:
221:
217:
214:
208:
188:
187:
180:
173:
166:
162:
159:
153:
151:
110:
86:
78:
67:
45:
44:
37:
21:
7485:
7484:
7480:
7479:
7478:
7476:
7475:
7474:
7420:Iranian writers
7360:
7359:
7358:
7353:
7337:
7256:
7215:
7206:Mansour Osanlou
7101:Bahareh Hedayat
7056:Emadeddin Baghi
7009:
6980:Arzhang Davoodi
6933:
6917:
6893:Dariush Eghbali
6881:
6850:
6831:Nasrin Sotoudeh
6809:
6805:Ahmad Zeidabadi
6765:Mohsen Sazegara
6760:Kianush Sanjari
6730:Siamak Pourzand
6700:Masoud Lavasani
6685:Niloofar Hamedi
6643:
6602:
6576:
6572:Sattar Beheshti
6555:
6536:Mohammad Karimi
6514:
6493:
6467:
6418:Fatemeh Sepehri
6383:Abdollah Momeni
6363:Farideh Mashini
6353:Mohammad Maleki
6318:Saeed Hajjarian
6308:Zeynab Jalalian
6226:
6213:
6210:
6180:
6175:
6162:
6151:Totalitarianism
6012:
6007:
5997:
5987:
5977:
5967:
5957:
5947:
5937:
5927:
5917:
5907:
5897:
5887:
5877:
5867:
5857:
5847:
5837:
5827:
5824:Treatise on Law
5817:
5807:
5797:
5777:
5435:
5429:
5168:
5162:
5048:
5042:
4961:
4864:
4850:State of nature
4845:Social contract
4825:Ordered liberty
4813:Noblesse oblige
4730:
4564:
4493:
4322:
4317:
4287:
4282:
4269:
4195:Critical theory
4173:
4168:
4158:
4148:
4138:
4128:
4118:
4108:
4098:
4088:
4078:
4068:
4058:
4048:
4038:
4028:
4018:
3998:
3676:
3670:
3468:
3462:
3411:
3340:
3247:
3199:Budapest School
3187:
2976:Cosmopolitanism
2949:
2944:
2886:by David Zeidan
2858:
2852:
2820:
2818:Further reading
2815:
2808:
2792:
2788:
2781:
2765:
2761:
2751:
2749:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2729:
2727:
2720:"Shariati, Ali"
2718:
2717:
2713:
2703:
2701:
2696:
2695:
2684:
2674:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2653:
2649:
2637:
2633:
2624:
2620:
2609:
2605:
2598:
2582:
2578:
2568:
2566:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2544:
2513:
2507:
2503:
2492:|magazine=
2491:
2490:
2481:
2480:
2470:
2466:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2441:|magazine=
2440:
2439:
2430:
2429:
2419:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2390:
2381:
2374:
2358:
2354:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2324:
2320:
2310:
2303:
2293:
2289:
2254:
2250:
2239:
2230:
2207:
2203:
2196:
2182:
2178:
2167:
2163:
2154:
2150:
2141:
2137:
2121:
2120:
2114:Collected Works
2105:
2101:
2086:
2085:
2078:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2049:
2045:
2037:Ali Shariati, "
2036:
2032:
2025:
2009:
2005:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1960:Wayback Machine
1951:
1947:
1935:
1931:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1896:
1889:
1881:
1877:
1869:
1865:
1857:
1845:
1838:
1826:
1822:
1813:
1809:
1800:
1796:
1786:
1784:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1767:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1689:Islamic revival
1684:Islamic Marxism
1675:
1629:
1598:
1370:
1362:
1305:
1294:
1288:
1285:
1278:
1276:Poorly written.
1259:
1255:
1248:
1195:
1193:Modern problems
1144:('tradition'),
1112:
1083:
1038:
1021:
987:
963:transformation.
908:
759:
753:
730:Islamic prophet
726:Sayyidah Zaynab
637:Louis Massignon
621:Mostafa Chamran
610:Patrice Lumumba
508:
491:
452:Political party
403:
397:Alma mater
375:
373:
369:
366:
361:
358:
356:
354:
353:
352:
336:
327:
323:
314:
301:
295:
293:
292:
291:
281:
269:
266:
260:
247:
236:
235:
234:
229:
218:
212:
209:
202:
189:
185:
174:
163:
157:
154:
111:
109:
99:
87:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7483:
7473:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7455:Shia Islamists
7452:
7447:
7442:
7440:Iqbal scholars
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7355:
7354:
7342:
7339:
7338:
7336:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7318:Brayim Younisi
7315:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7264:
7262:
7258:
7257:
7255:
7254:
7252:Kian Tajbakhsh
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7223:
7221:
7217:
7216:
7214:
7213:
7208:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7166:Reza Radmanesh
7163:
7161:Abdollah Nouri
7158:
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7081:Hossein Fatemi
7078:
7076:Iraj Eskandari
7073:
7068:
7066:Mehdi Bazargan
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7028:
7026:Morteza Alviri
7023:
7017:
7015:
7011:
7010:
7008:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6995:Morteza Keyvan
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6960:Piruz Dilanchi
6957:
6952:
6947:
6941:
6939:
6935:
6934:
6932:
6931:
6925:
6923:
6919:
6918:
6916:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6903:Mehdi Rajabian
6900:
6895:
6889:
6887:
6883:
6882:
6880:
6879:
6877:Hamid Pourmand
6874:
6869:
6864:
6858:
6856:
6852:
6851:
6849:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6817:
6815:
6811:
6810:
6808:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6735:Hossein Rafiee
6732:
6727:
6722:
6720:Said Matinpour
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6670:Masoud Bastani
6667:
6662:
6660:Mahsa Amrabadi
6657:
6651:
6649:
6645:
6644:
6642:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6626:
6621:
6616:
6610:
6608:
6604:
6603:
6601:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6584:
6582:
6578:
6577:
6575:
6574:
6569:
6563:
6561:
6557:
6556:
6554:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6541:Hossein Mahini
6538:
6533:
6528:
6526:Voria Ghafouri
6522:
6520:
6516:
6515:
6513:
6512:
6507:
6501:
6499:
6495:
6494:
6492:
6491:
6489:Katayoun Riahi
6486:
6481:
6475:
6473:
6469:
6468:
6466:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6453:Majid Tavakoli
6450:
6445:
6440:
6435:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6403:Alireza Rajaei
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6288:Alireza Farshi
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6263:Esmail Bakhshi
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6243:Raheleh Ahmadi
6240:
6234:
6232:
6228:
6227:
6225:
6224:
6218:
6215:
6214:
6209:
6208:
6201:
6194:
6186:
6177:
6176:
6174:
6173:
6167:
6164:
6163:
6161:
6160:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6141:Social justice
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6117:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6049:Egalitarianism
6046:
6041:
6039:Contractualism
6036:
6031:
6026:
6020:
6018:
6014:
6013:
6011:
6010:
6000:
5990:
5980:
5970:
5960:
5950:
5940:
5930:
5920:
5910:
5900:
5890:
5880:
5870:
5860:
5850:
5840:
5830:
5820:
5810:
5800:
5789:
5787:
5783:
5782:
5779:
5778:
5776:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5439:
5437:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5306:
5305:
5295:
5290:
5289:
5288:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5172:
5170:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5104:
5103:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5052:
5050:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4969:
4967:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4933:
4932:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4881:
4879:
4872:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4835:Overton window
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4744:
4738:
4736:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4666:Libertarianism
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4323:
4316:
4315:
4308:
4301:
4293:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4255:Social science
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4161:
4151:
4145:Gender Trouble
4141:
4131:
4121:
4111:
4101:
4091:
4081:
4075:The Second Sex
4071:
4061:
4051:
4041:
4031:
4021:
4010:
4008:
4004:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
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3613:
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3603:
3598:
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3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
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3548:
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3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3472:
3470:
3464:
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3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3262:
3260:
3253:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3201:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3125:
3120:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3067:Invisible hand
3064:
3059:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2950:
2943:
2942:
2935:
2928:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2904:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2864:
2857:
2856:External links
2854:
2850:
2849:
2842:
2830:
2824:Latifiyan, Ali
2819:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2806:
2786:
2779:
2759:
2737:
2711:
2682:
2660:
2647:
2631:
2618:
2603:
2597:978-1597404600
2596:
2576:
2550:
2501:
2464:
2450:
2408:
2399:
2379:
2372:
2352:
2338:
2318:
2301:
2287:
2248:
2228:
2201:
2194:
2176:
2161:
2148:
2135:
2099:
2076:
2056:
2043:
2030:
2023:
2003:
1977:
1945:
1939:. 1998, 2000.
1929:
1917:
1910:
1887:
1875:
1863:
1836:
1830:. 1998, 2000.
1820:
1807:
1794:
1772:
1765:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1724:Geydar Dzhemal
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1674:
1671:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1611:
1597:
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1592:
1585:
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1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1536:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1490:
1485:
1482:Kavir (Desert)
1478:
1466:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1381:Hubut in Kavir
1378:
1369:
1366:
1361:
1358:
1307:
1306:
1262:
1260:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1194:
1191:
1111:
1108:
1082:
1079:
1037:
1034:
1020:
1017:
986:
983:
922:women's rights
916:, also called
907:
904:
872:social justice
851:decolonisation
839:Third Worldism
793:and Brazilian
783:Safavid Shiism
779:"black Shiism"
755:Main article:
752:
749:
690:Ivonna Nowicka
641:Jacques Berque
589:Gilbert Lazard
571:National Front
514:, a suburb of
507:
504:
475:
474:
471:
467:
466:
463:
459:
458:
453:
449:
448:
443:
439:
438:
433:
429:
428:
425:
421:
420:
417:
413:
412:
398:
394:
393:
388:
384:
383:
342:
338:
337:
334:United Kingdom
328:
326:(aged 43)
320:
316:
315:
302:
289:
287:
283:
282:
279:
271:
270:
262:
261:
258:
249:
248:
231:
230:
192:
190:
183:
176:
175:
117:"Ali Shariati"
90:
88:
81:
76:
50:
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7482:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7367:
7365:
7352:
7351:
7340:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7293:Ahmad Mahmoud
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7265:
7263:
7259:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7224:
7222:
7218:
7212:
7211:Ebrahim Yazdi
7209:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7156:Behzad Nabavi
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7131:Khalil Maleki
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7018:
7016:
7012:
7006:
7003:
7001:
7000:Ahmad Shamlou
6998:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6955:Mona Borzouei
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6945:Baktash Abtin
6943:
6942:
6940:
6936:
6930:
6927:
6926:
6924:
6920:
6914:
6913:Mehdi Yarrahi
6911:
6909:
6908:Toomaj Salehi
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6890:
6888:
6884:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6859:
6857:
6853:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6826:Saleh Kamrani
6824:
6822:
6819:
6818:
6816:
6812:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6755:Faraj Sarkohi
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6745:Roxana Saberi
6743:
6741:
6740:Taghi Rahmani
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6652:
6650:
6646:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6625:
6622:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6614:Keywan Karimi
6612:
6611:
6609:
6605:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6588:Nasser Fahimi
6586:
6585:
6583:
6579:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6564:
6562:
6558:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6517:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6502:
6500:
6496:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6470:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6408:Arash Sadeghi
6406:
6404:
6401:
6399:
6398:Keyvan Rafiee
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6358:Azar Mansouri
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6328:Soheila Hejab
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6253:Zahra Bahrami
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6233:
6229:
6223:
6220:
6219:
6216:
6207:
6202:
6200:
6195:
6193:
6188:
6187:
6184:
6172:
6169:
6168:
6165:
6159:
6158:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6101:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6074:Jurisprudence
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6021:
6019:
6015:
6006:
6005:
6001:
5996:
5995:
5991:
5986:
5985:
5981:
5976:
5975:
5971:
5966:
5965:
5961:
5956:
5955:
5951:
5946:
5945:
5941:
5936:
5935:
5931:
5926:
5925:
5921:
5916:
5915:
5911:
5906:
5905:
5904:Rights of Man
5901:
5896:
5895:
5891:
5886:
5885:
5881:
5876:
5875:
5871:
5866:
5865:
5861:
5856:
5855:
5851:
5846:
5845:
5841:
5836:
5835:
5831:
5826:
5825:
5821:
5816:
5815:
5814:De re publica
5811:
5806:
5805:
5801:
5796:
5795:
5791:
5790:
5788:
5784:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5434:20th and 21st
5432:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5287:
5284:
5283:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5167:18th and 19th
5165:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5045:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5023:Nizam al-Mulk
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4964:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4867:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4733:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4706:Republicanism
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4567:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4314:
4309:
4307:
4302:
4300:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4272:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4260:Social theory
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4157:
4156:
4152:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4127:
4126:
4122:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4107:
4106:
4102:
4097:
4096:
4092:
4087:
4086:
4082:
4077:
4076:
4072:
4067:
4066:
4062:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4027:
4026:
4022:
4017:
4016:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4005:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3914:Radhakrishnan
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3675:20th and 21st
3673:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3467:18th and 19th
3465:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3250:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2941:
2936:
2934:
2929:
2927:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2912:
2910:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2853:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2809:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2790:
2782:
2776:
2772:
2771:
2763:
2747:
2741:
2725:
2721:
2715:
2699:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2670:
2664:
2657:
2651:
2644:
2640:
2635:
2628:
2622:
2614:
2607:
2599:
2593:
2589:
2588:
2580:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2497:
2485:
2477:
2476:
2468:
2460:
2454:
2446:
2434:
2426:
2425:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2403:
2395:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2375:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2356:
2341:
2335:
2331:
2330:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2308:
2306:
2299:
2298:
2291:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2246:
2244:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2205:
2197:
2195:9781503602588
2191:
2187:
2180:
2173:. p. 87.
2172:
2165:
2158:
2152:
2145:
2139:
2131:
2125:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2083:
2081:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2053:
2047:
2040:
2034:
2026:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2007:
1988:
1981:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1949:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1926:
1921:
1913:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1894:
1892:
1884:
1879:
1872:
1867:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1843:
1841:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1817:
1811:
1804:
1798:
1782:
1776:
1768:
1762:
1758:
1751:
1747:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1659:Amar Ouzegane
1657:. He admired
1656:
1655:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1539:Man and Islam
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1365:
1357:
1355:
1352:According to
1350:
1346:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1313:
1303:
1300:
1292:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1261:
1252:
1251:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1016:
1013:
1008:
1004:
999:
997:
992:
982:
978:
973:
970:
964:
959:
954:
949:
945:
940:
937:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
914:
903:
900:
896:
891:
887:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
864:
862:
858:
857:
852:
848:
844:
840:
835:
833:
829:
828:
823:
818:
815:
811:
807:
803:
798:
796:
795:Leonardo Boff
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
763:
758:
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
710:
706:
703:
699:
691:
686:
678:
674:
671:
666:
664:
660:
659:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
617:Ebrahim Yazdi
613:
611:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
587:
583:
578:
576:
572:
568:
563:
561:
560:Alexis Carrel
557:
556:Sigmund Freud
553:
549:
545:
540:
536:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
503:
501:
497:
485:
481:
472:
468:
464:
460:
457:
454:
450:
447:
444:
440:
437:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
416:Occupation(s)
414:
410:
406:
402:
399:
395:
392:
389:
385:
380:
350:
346:
343:
341:Resting place
339:
335:
331:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
288:
284:
277:
272:
263:
256:
253:
245:
242:
227:
224:
216:
206:
200:
198:
193:This article
191:
182:
181:
172:
169:
161:
158:February 2023
150:
147:
143:
140:
136:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119: â
118:
114:
113:Find sources:
107:
103:
97:
96:
91:This article
89:
85:
80:
79:
74:
72:
65:
64:
59:
58:
53:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
7343:
7323:Kourosh Zaim
7298:Abbas Milani
7273:Bozorg Alavi
7247:Ehsan Tabari
7237:Omid Kokabee
7191:Ali Shariati
7190:
7121:Anvar Khamei
7096:Mehdi Hajati
7041:Mohsen Armin
6800:Ruhollah Zam
6750:Majid Saeedi
6715:Sam Mahmoudi
6705:Saeed Laylaz
6695:Zahra Kazemi
6665:Ahmad Batebi
6619:Jafar Panahi
6567:Soheil Arabi
6551:Navid Afkari
6448:Ali Shariati
6443:Abbas Lisani
6428:Reza Shahabi
6413:Mahan Sadrat
6338:Amir Khorram
6333:Jafar Kazemi
6258:Emad Bahavar
6238:Habib Afkari
6155:
6054:Elite theory
6002:
5992:
5982:
5972:
5962:
5952:
5942:
5932:
5922:
5912:
5902:
5892:
5882:
5872:
5862:
5852:
5842:
5832:
5822:
5812:
5802:
5792:
5727:
5091:Guicciardini
5047:Early modern
4870:Philosophers
4820:Open society
4756:Body politic
4626:Distributism
4616:Conservatism
4611:Confucianism
4530:Gerontocracy
4520:Dictatorship
4474:Sovereigntyâ
4464:Ruling class
4354:Emancipation
4339:Citizenshipâ
4163:
4153:
4143:
4133:
4123:
4113:
4103:
4093:
4083:
4073:
4063:
4053:
4043:
4033:
4023:
4013:
3933:
3433:Guicciardini
3416:Early modern
3252:Philosophers
3226:Conservatism
3221:Confucianism
3209:Distributism
3142:Social norms
3130:Sittlichkeit
3116:Ressentiment
3062:Institutions
3040:Human nature
2908:
2851:
2845:
2836:
2833:Rahnema, Ali
2796:
2789:
2769:
2762:
2750:. Retrieved
2740:
2728:. Retrieved
2724:the original
2714:
2702:. Retrieved
2673:. Retrieved
2663:
2655:
2650:
2642:
2634:
2626:
2621:
2612:
2606:
2586:
2579:
2567:. Retrieved
2563:the original
2553:
2542:the original
2521:
2517:
2504:
2474:
2467:
2453:
2423:
2402:
2393:
2362:
2355:
2343:. Retrieved
2328:
2321:
2313:
2296:
2290:
2265:
2261:
2251:
2242:
2214:
2204:
2185:
2179:
2170:
2164:
2156:
2155:Nasr, Vali,
2151:
2143:
2138:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2102:
2091:
2068:
2059:
2051:
2050:Nasr, Vali,
2046:
2033:
2013:
2006:
1994:. Retrieved
1980:
1967:
1964:Gilles Kepel
1948:
1940:
1937:Rahnema, Ali
1932:
1927:, pp. 61â68.
1924:
1920:
1900:
1885:, pp. 13â18.
1882:
1878:
1870:
1866:
1849:
1831:
1828:Rahnema, Ali
1823:
1815:
1810:
1802:
1797:
1785:. Retrieved
1775:
1756:
1750:
1666:
1662:
1652:
1646:
1636:
1630:
1613:
1601:
1587:
1579:
1574:
1570:We and Iqbal
1569:
1564:
1559:
1555:Ali is Alone
1554:
1549:
1544:
1538:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1492:
1487:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1373:
1363:
1360:Publications
1351:
1347:
1321:Ali Khamenei
1318:
1295:
1286:
1279:Please help
1275:
1264:
1231:colonisation
1196:
1158:
1134:epistemology
1125:civilization
1120:
1117:civilization
1113:
1084:
1060:
1039:
1022:
1019:Epistemology
994:
988:
980:
975:
966:
961:
956:
951:
947:
942:
938:
930:Fatima Zahra
917:
912:
911:
909:
892:
888:
865:
854:
836:
831:
825:
819:
799:
775:"red Shiism"
768:
711:
707:
695:
667:
663:Occidentosis
662:
656:
614:
605:Frantz Fanon
579:
564:
543:
532:
509:
479:
478:
442:Organization
362:36°20âČ30.6âłE
359:33°26âČ41.8âłN
324:(1977-06-18)
322:18 June 1977
259:Ali Shariati
252:
237:
219:
213:October 2023
210:
197:copy editing
195:may require
194:
164:
155:
145:
138:
131:
124:
112:
100:Please help
95:verification
92:
68:
61:
55:
54:Please help
51:
7375:1977 deaths
7370:1933 births
7196:Mahdi Tajik
7014:Politicians
6872:Akbar Ganji
6867:Saeed Emami
6790:Roya Toloui
6725:Kasra Nouri
6648:Journalists
6273:Atena Daemi
5928:(1835â1840)
5808:(c. 350 BC)
5798:(c. 375 BC)
5415:Tocqueville
5380:Saint-Simon
5345:Montesquieu
5196:Bolingbroke
5128:Machiavelli
5008:Ibn Khaldun
4973:Alpharabius
4966:Middle Ages
4791:Natural law
4766:Common good
4691:Nationalism
4651:Imperialism
4621:Corporatism
4596:Colonialism
4576:Agrarianism
4555:Technocracy
4535:Meritocracy
4515:Bureaucracy
4505:Aristocracy
4220:Historicism
4049:(1835â1840)
4015:De Officiis
3739:de Beauvoir
3709:Baudrillard
3661:Vivekananda
3651:Tocqueville
3566:Kierkegaard
3382:Ibn Khaldun
3352:Alpharabius
3243:Personalism
3152:Stewardship
3109:Reification
3104:Natural law
3025:Familialism
2991:Culturalism
2752:11 December
2730:11 December
2704:11 December
2675:11 December
2088:"- YouTube"
2065:"- YouTube"
1974:(in French)
1787:11 December
1719:Hamid Algar
1643:Che Guevara
1627:Translation
1596:Other works
1368:Major works
1354:Hamid Algar
1332:'s role in
1330:Sayyed Qutb
1283:if you can.
1174:nationalism
1007:Third World
856:Gharbzadegi
802:philosopher
722:Ali Rahnema
718:Southampton
665:) in Iran.
658:Gharbzadegi
542:newspaper,
387:Nationality
374: /
330:Southampton
7364:Categories
7227:Taqi Arani
7220:Scientists
6922:Programmer
6836:Shadi Sadr
6607:Filmmakers
6136:Separatism
5944:On Liberty
5844:The Prince
5573:Huntington
5076:Campanella
5003:al-Ghazali
4952:Thucydides
4910:Lactantius
4855:Statolatry
4681:Monarchism
4661:Liberalism
4586:Capitalism
4569:Ideologies
4550:Plutocracy
4498:Government
4454:Revolution
4439:Propaganda
4389:Legitimacy
4364:Government
4225:Humanities
4185:Agnotology
3844:KoĆakowski
3407:Ibn Tufayl
3387:Maimonides
3331:Thucydides
3326:Tertullian
3281:Lactantius
3176:Volksgeist
3157:Traditions
2971:Convention
2807:1850430772
2780:1850430772
2700:. Shariati
2671:. Al-islam
2373:1850430772
2339:0691101345
2268:(2): 288.
1911:1850430772
1766:1860645615
1743:References
1289:March 2021
1223:capitalism
1050:liberalism
895:Asef Bayat
757:Shariatism
296:1933-11-23
267:ŰčÙÛ ŰŽŰ±ÛŰčŰȘÛ
205:editing it
128:newspapers
57:improve it
6886:Musicians
6231:Activists
5854:Leviathan
5834:Monarchia
5828:(c. 1274)
5663:Oakeshott
5608:Mansfield
5603:Luxemburg
5588:Kropotkin
5483:Bernstein
5436:centuries
5350:Nietzsche
5293:Jefferson
5221:Condorcet
5169:centuries
5148:Pufendorf
5013:Marsilius
4900:Confucius
4885:Aristotle
4878:Antiquity
4806:Noble lie
4726:Third Way
4721:Socialism
4646:Feudalism
4601:Communism
4581:Anarchism
4560:Theocracy
4545:Oligarchy
4525:Democracy
4510:Autocracy
4424:Pluralism
4409:Obedience
4374:Hierarchy
4334:Authority
4265:Sociology
4215:Historism
3924:Santayana
3894:Oakeshott
3864:MacIntyre
3849:Kropotkin
3824:Heidegger
3677:centuries
3591:Nietzsche
3556:Jefferson
3541:Helvétius
3506:Condorcet
3469:centuries
3453:Montaigne
3276:Confucius
3266:Augustine
3183:Worldview
3077:Modernity
3050:Formation
2569:8 January
2494:ignored (
2484:cite book
2443:ignored (
2433:cite book
2124:cite book
1969:L'Express
1783:. Qantara
1416:Martyrdom
1219:feudalism
1183:Karl Marx
1165:sociology
1110:Sociology
1067:democracy
1046:democracy
991:socialism
876:martyrdom
868:12th Imam
843:class war
506:Biography
427:1952â1975
63:talk page
6855:Military
6560:Bloggers
6519:Athletes
6109:Centrism
5804:Politics
5794:Republic
5763:Voegelin
5743:Spengler
5728:Shariati
5703:Rothbard
5658:Nussbaum
5558:Habermas
5533:Fukuyama
5523:Foucault
5448:Ambedkar
5425:Voltaire
5395:de Staël
5370:Rousseau
5251:Franklin
5226:Constant
5186:Beccaria
5018:Muhammad
4998:Gelasius
4983:Averroes
4957:Xenophon
4937:Polybius
4890:Chanakya
4735:Concepts
4701:Populism
4671:Localism
4656:Islamism
4641:Feminism
4540:Monarchy
4444:Property
4434:Progress
4399:Monopoly
4369:Hegemony
4278:Category
4190:Axiology
4178:See also
3969:Voegelin
3959:Spengler
3934:Shariati
3889:Nussbaum
3874:Maritain
3834:Irigaray
3814:Habermas
3779:Foucault
3764:Durkheim
3666:Voltaire
3631:de Staël
3606:Rousseau
3531:Franklin
3392:Muhammad
3377:Gelasius
3362:Avempace
3345:Medieval
3321:Polybius
3316:Plutarch
3082:Morality
3057:Ideology
3045:Identity
2954:Concepts
2835:. 1998.
2748:. Scribd
2538:32027587
2146:, p. 330
1956:Archived
1873:, p. 13.
1855:Archived
1673:See also
1488:Abu-Dahr
1338:Islamism
1265:require
1239:monopoly
1235:massacre
1154:religion
1096:equality
1075:demagogy
1063:Imam Ali
1055:monistic
1032:or Ali.
1030:Muhammad
996:Abu Zarr
934:Muhammad
822:Marxists
743:, where
741:Damascus
733:Muhammad
655:'s book
544:Khorasan
516:Sabzevar
470:Children
432:Employer
349:Damascus
308:Sabzevar
18:Shariati
7261:Writers
6814:Lawyers
6581:Doctors
6498:Artists
6146:Statism
6059:Elitism
6017:Related
5818:(51 BC)
5748:Strauss
5723:Scruton
5718:Schmitt
5708:Russell
5628:Michels
5623:Maurras
5618:Marcuse
5578:Kautsky
5548:Gramsci
5543:Gentile
5513:Dworkin
5503:Du Bois
5498:Dmowski
5493:Chomsky
5488:Burnham
5473:Benoist
5443:Agamben
5410:Thoreau
5400:Stirner
5390:Spencer
5335:Mazzini
5325:Maistre
5320:Madison
5315:Le Play
5246:Fourier
5211:Carlyle
5191:Bentham
5181:Bastiat
5176:Bakunin
5153:Spinoza
5143:MĂŒntzer
5113:Leibniz
5086:Grotius
5066:Bossuet
5033:Plethon
4978:Aquinas
4947:Sun Tzu
4915:Mencius
4905:Han Fei
4676:Marxism
4636:Fascism
4469:Society
4394:Liberty
4379:Justice
4359:Freedom
4019:(44 BC)
3949:Sombart
3944:Skinner
3929:Scruton
3909:Polanyi
3884:Niebuhr
3869:Marcuse
3804:Gramsci
3799:Gentile
3759:Du Bois
3749:Deleuze
3719:Benoist
3689:Agamben
3646:Thoreau
3636:Stirner
3626:Spencer
3576:Le Play
3526:Fourier
3511:Emerson
3496:Carlyle
3481:Bentham
3458:MĂŒntzer
3428:Erasmus
3402:Plethon
3397:Photios
3357:Aquinas
3291:Mencius
3259:Ancient
3192:Schools
3072:Loyalty
3030:History
3018:Counter
3013:Culture
2981:Customs
2093:YouTube
2070:YouTube
1996:26 July
1267:cleanup
1215:serfdom
1211:slavery
1199:history
1187:economy
1169:scholar
1121:Tajadod
1100:freedom
1003:Marxism
944:rights.
884:Karbala
880:Ashoura
814:Twelver
745:Iranian
714:England
586:Iranist
535:Mashhad
524:Mashhad
512:Mazinan
484:Persian
391:Iranian
351:, Syria
142:scholar
6472:Actors
6222:Prison
6008:(1992)
5998:(1971)
5988:(1951)
5978:(1945)
5968:(1944)
5958:(1929)
5948:(1859)
5938:(1848)
5918:(1820)
5908:(1791)
5898:(1790)
5888:(1762)
5878:(1748)
5868:(1689)
5858:(1651)
5848:(1532)
5838:(1313)
5768:Walzer
5758:Taylor
5713:Sartre
5678:Popper
5673:Pareto
5668:Ortega
5653:Nozick
5643:Mouffe
5593:Laclau
5553:Guénon
5538:Gandhi
5478:Berlin
5468:Bauman
5463:Badiou
5453:Arendt
5420:Tucker
5310:Le Bon
5271:Herder
5261:Haller
5256:Godwin
5241:Fichte
5236:Engels
5231:Cortés
5201:Bonald
5158:SuĂĄrez
5133:Milton
5123:Luther
5096:Hobbes
5081:Filmer
5071:Calvin
5056:Boétie
5049:period
5028:Ockham
4895:Cicero
4696:Nazism
4484:Utopia
4459:Rights
4449:Regime
4419:People
4404:Nation
4210:Ethics
4169:(2010)
4159:(1991)
4149:(1990)
4139:(1987)
4129:(1987)
4119:(1979)
4109:(1976)
4099:(1967)
4089:(1964)
4079:(1949)
4069:(1935)
4059:(1930)
4039:(1756)
4029:(1486)
3974:Walzer
3964:Taylor
3954:Sowell
3939:Simmel
3904:Pareto
3899:Ortega
3809:Guénon
3794:Gehlen
3789:Gandhi
3744:Debord
3729:Butler
3724:Berlin
3714:Bauman
3704:Badiou
3694:Arendt
3684:Adorno
3616:Ruskin
3571:Le Bon
3546:Herder
3521:Fichte
3516:Engels
3486:Bonald
3476:Arnold
3448:Milton
3443:Luther
3423:Calvin
3301:Origen
3271:Cicero
3231:Social
3167:Family
3162:Values
3123:Rights
3087:Public
3035:Honour
2966:Anomie
2961:Agency
2804:
2777:
2594:
2536:
2370:
2345:25 May
2336:
2282:162994
2280:
2245:Part 1
2192:
2021:
1908:
1763:
1641:, and
1418:(book)
1246:Legacy
1233:, and
1221:, and
1142:ងadīth
1092:Gnosis
1088:utopia
1071:Muslim
1026:Tawhid
977:class.
827:fatwas
771:Shiism
698:Tehran
492:
462:Spouse
144:
137:
130:
123:
115:
6938:Poets
6157:Index
5786:Works
5773:Weber
5738:Spann
5733:Sorel
5698:Röpke
5693:Rawls
5648:Negri
5638:Mosca
5633:Mises
5598:Lenin
5568:Hoppe
5563:Hayek
5528:Fromm
5518:Evola
5508:Dugin
5405:Taine
5385:Smith
5365:Renan
5360:Paine
5281:Iqbal
5266:Hegel
5216:Comte
5206:Burke
5118:Locke
5108:James
5061:Bodin
4993:Dante
4988:Bruni
4942:Shang
4925:Plato
4479:State
4429:Power
4414:Peace
4349:Elite
4327:Terms
4007:Works
3994:ĆœiĆŸek
3979:Weber
3919:Röpke
3879:Negri
3859:Lasch
3829:Hoppe
3784:Fromm
3774:Evola
3754:Dewey
3734:Camus
3641:Taine
3621:Smith
3611:Royce
3601:Renan
3536:Hegel
3501:Comte
3491:Burke
3438:Locke
3372:Dante
3367:Bruni
3336:Xunzi
3311:Plato
3306:Philo
3286:Laozi
3094:Mores
3006:Multi
2996:Inter
2545:(PDF)
2534:S2CID
2514:(PDF)
2278:JSTOR
2112:, in
1858:(PDF)
1736:Alevi
1334:Egypt
1150:ijmÄÊż
1138:Quran
1012:human
926:Islam
859:from
810:Ulema
806:Islam
739:, in
526:, in
409:Ph.D.
304:Kahak
149:JSTOR
135:books
5688:Rand
5683:Qutb
5583:Kirk
5458:Aron
5375:Sade
5355:Owen
5340:Mill
5330:Marx
5298:Kant
5276:Hume
5138:More
5038:Wang
4920:Mozi
4344:Duty
3989:Zinn
3984:Weil
3854:Land
3839:Kirk
3699:Aron
3656:Vico
3596:Owen
3586:Mill
3581:Marx
3561:Kant
3551:Hume
3296:Mozi
3001:Mono
2802:ISBN
2775:ISBN
2754:2012
2732:2012
2706:2012
2677:2012
2592:ISBN
2571:2017
2496:help
2445:help
2368:ISBN
2347:2017
2334:ISBN
2190:ISBN
2130:link
2116:, 10
2019:ISBN
1998:2013
1906:ISBN
1789:2012
1761:ISBN
1470:Horr
1326:Iran
1146:sīra
1098:and
969:Shah
832:fiqh
670:Iran
661:(or
623:and
558:and
520:Iran
319:Died
286:Born
121:news
5753:Sun
5613:Mao
4489:War
4384:Law
3819:Han
3769:Eco
2526:doi
2270:doi
2219:doi
1966:in
1669:).
1645:'s
1635:'s
1617:doi
1605:doi
1422:Ali
924:in
910:In
886:".
804:of
781:or
737:Ali
595:in
593:PhD
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