352:. Ceramics in this layer of fill show that these earthworks (and the temple) date to the first half of the first century AD. During this levelling operation, five layers of poros blocks were carefully laid around the north and west sides of the altar, forming a rectangular platform which surrounded the altar and a new altar was placed on top of the platform. The physical contact between the altar, platform, and temple was believed to allow the sacred character of the original altar to extend to the new structures. A marble monument base was later added at the western edge of this platform.
36:
20:
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front of the Stoa
Poikile to the front of the Early Roman Stoa. The side walls were shared with the neighbouring stoae. The back wall ran from the back corner of the Early Roman Stoa to the mid-point of the side wall of the Stoa Poikile, meaning that the west end was deeper than the east end (7.80 metres and 5.75 metres respectively). There was a door in the back wall which allowed continued access to the north-south street. It fell into ruin and was quarried for building material in the sixth or seventh century AD.
253:, and the rest were unidentifiable. Under a microscope, most of the unidentifiable bones appeared more likely to be bird than goat. The goat bones are predominantly from the back and pelvis (70%), with smaller proportions from the hind-limbs (25%) and even less from the fore limbs (4%). This is because only the inedible parts of the animal were burnt; the animal was decapitated before it was sacrificed and most of the flesh was eaten at the sacrifice. The forelimbs were often given to the priests as a perquisite.
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82:("of the Heavens"). It has been identified with a sanctuary found in this area in the 1980s. This sanctuary initially consisted of a marble altar that was built around 500 BC and was gradually buried as the ground level rose. Another structure, perhaps a fountainhouse, was built to the west ca. 100 BC. In the early 1st century AD, an Ionic tetrastyle prostyle temple closely modelled on the
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moulding at the base. Inside, there were seven yellow poros slabs (the southern three survive) which supported the marble upper surface of the altar (which does not survive). There were marble barriers at the northern and southern ends of the altar, each consisting of a triangular pediment topped by
392:
In the first half of the fifth century AD, a stoa was built across the front of the temple, joining the Stoa
Poikile to the Early Roman Stoa which ran northwest along the Panathenaic Way towards the Dipylon Gate. The front colonnade of this stoa, consisting of ten columns, ran from the front of the
146:
The remains usually identified with the sanctuary are located at the northwestern corner of the
Athenian Agora. An altar was built on the site around 500 BC. In the early Roman period, a temple was built to the north of this altar. The sanctuary had gone out of use by the fifth century AD, when the
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The temple fell into ruins sometime before the beginning of the fifth century, when its remains were incorporated into a massive concrete platform. This foundation was 7.3 metres wide and continued south of the temple for 2.20 metres (covering up the space between the temple and the altar). It was
270:
in the Agora and the fountain house by the
Dipylon Gate. Stratigraphy of the neighbouring Panathenaic Way suggests that it was built in the late second or early first centuries BC. The northeastern corner of this platform was covered over by the western edge of the porch of the early Roman temple.
223:
Pottery in the packing under the west side of the altar indicates that that altar was built around 500 BC. This is supported by the low ground level of the structure - 0.32 metres below that of the mid-fifth century BC Stoa
Poikile. The ground level was raised to match the top of the sill a little
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To the west of the altar in the
Classical period was a platform made of poros blocks with marble steps on the east and south sides measuring 7.00 metres from north to south and over 7.70 metres from east to west (the western end was not uncovered in excavations). It is possible that this was a
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The temple fell into ruin by the early 5th century AD, when it was incorporated into a concrete platform, which was itself replaced by a Late Roman Stoa later in the first half of the 5th century AD. This structure fell into ruin in turn in the 6th or 7th centuries AD, after which the area was
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Ash and bone from the sacrifices was deposited within the altar during the repairs in the 420s. A total of 80,364 bone fragments were found (12.6 kg), of which 1369 could be identified with a specific animal. Most showed evidence of burning. 1088 fragments (80.1%) came from
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temple (i.e. it had four columns along the front and no columns on the sides or back) and faced due south, with the altar precisely aligned with its central axis. The porch of the temple was 10.08 metres wide and 3.80 metres deep. It was thus larger than the
173:, a bird that was only offered in sacrifices for Aphrodite. Moreover, a late fifth-century BC votive relief (Agora inv. S 3344) found nearby shows a veiled woman climbing down a ladder and holding out an incense burner - the iconography of Aphrodite Urania.
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at 77% scale, with a diameter of 0.575 metres at top. Based on the overall dimensions of the porch, it is likely that the whole structure was modelled on the north porch of the
Erechtheion. The columns of the Erechtheion were also imitated in the
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in 1993. Osanna and
Robertson have questioned the identification of these remains with the sanctuary of Aphrodite, preferring to identify them with the statue of Hermes Agoraios mentioned by Pausanias right before he discusses the Stoa Poikile.
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Traces of a house were found under the porch and cella of the temple, which was occupied from the last quarter of the sixth century BC until at least the mid-second century BC. Underneath this were three graves of the eleventh century BC: a
406:. This was disproven when the remains of the sanctuary were discovered by new American excavations in the northwestern corner of the Agora at 13 Hadrianou Street, which took place between 1980-1982 and 1989-1993 under the leadership of
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blocks. The foundation of the base was a similar course of limestone blocks. The superstructure was offset to the east, so that there was a 0.58 metre wide space on the western side, where the priest would stand, in order to make
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The altar was 5.08 metres long and 2.40 metres wide and oriented north-south. It consisted of the superstructure of the altar and a "sill" of hard blue limestone 0.27 metres high. The foundation of the sill was a single course of
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behind it, which was 8.20 metres wide and about 2.00 metres deep. The whole structure stood on top a podium 2.5 metres high. Only the foundations of the porch and the west wall of the cella survive. They are made of rough
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covered over by
Byzantine housing. The identification of the remains with the sanctuary is based on literary testimony, a votive plaque found nearby, and analysis of the bone remains from sacrifices on the altar.
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on the
Acropolis, built ca. 19 BC, where the imitations were enabled by repair work then being undertaken on the Erechtheion itself. The temple of Aphrodite Urania is likely only a little later in date.
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In 1939, the American excavators of the Athenian Agora identified the sanctuary for Aphrodite Urania with remains of a building found on the north side of the Kolonos Agoraios, which were damaged by the
118:, who thought that he was childless (he had, in fact, no children at the time) and that his sisters had suffered their misfortune because of the wrath of Aphrodite Urania. The statue still extant is of
359:, built into the space to the west of the temple, abutting directly on its western wall. The cross-wall and east wall of the temple were demolished and rebuilt with rubble masonry atop a foundation of
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in 480 BC. It was later restored - pottery and coins from the fill inside the altar suggest these repairs occurred in the 420s BC. By 400 BC the ground level had risen to 0.35 metres above the sill.
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moulding (inv. no A 4643) and an Ionic column base, which was later used as the foundation of a columnar monument on the Panathenaic Way. The columns were close imitations of those of the
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in the Agora. The shallow cella is a particularly Roman feature, not otherwise paralleled in Athens. Two fragments from the superstructure were found nearby: the top of an
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Teseo e Romolo: Le origini di Atene e Roma a confronto. Atti del Convegno Internazionale di Studi, Scuola Archeologica Italiana di Atene, 30 giugno–1 luglio 2003
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The site is identified as the sanctuary of Aphrodite on the basis of the bone remains from the altar show that a large portion of the sacrifices were of
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The east boundary of the sanctuary was formed by a narrow north-south street, which separated it from the Stoa Poikile. The south boundary was the
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When the temple was built, the ground level in front of it was raised 1.37 metres above the original level and covered with a layer of
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384:("Grave J 2:10") containing the bones of a man, and another cist grave ("Grave J 2:11"), containing the bones of a teenage woman.
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245:, which averaged six to eight weeks old, meaning that they had been sacrificed in mid-April. 81% of the bird remains were from
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in the Roman Imperial period (ca. 150 AD); the sanctuary of Aphrodite Urania is the unnumbered structure to the west of the
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This structure was destroyed at the end of the fourth century AD, as shown by pottery and coins, probably as a result of
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on the altar. The superstructure of the altar was 4.42 metres long and 1.585 metres wide. It consisted of six marble
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1500:
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Robertson, N. (2005). "Athenian Shrines of Aphrodite, and the Early Development of the City". In Greco, E. (ed.).
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At some point in the Imperial period a bath complex was built to the north of the temple, which included a marble
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166:(fence surrounding the cemetery), or a retaining wall for a further section of sanctuary to the north.
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Nearby is a sanctuary of the Aphrodite Urania... Among the Athenians the cult was established by
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Osanna, M. (1988–1989). "Il problema topografico del santuario di Afrodite Urania ad Atene".
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early in the 3rd century AD. The new east wall was 0.50 metres west of the earlier wall.
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The frontal focus of the temple and its extra-wide porch are typical of temples of the
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A temple was built 2.15 metres north of the altar in the early Roman period. It was a
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before 480 BC. The upper part of the altar was heavily damaged, perhaps, during the
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1269:. Princeton, NJ: American School of Classical Studies at Athens. pp. 24–29.
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and Alison Adams Dickey in 1981, 1982, and 1990. by Camp alone in 1991, and by
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The sanctuary is known from the account of the 2nd century AD travel writer,
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Altar of Aphrodite Urania, Athenia Agora, current state, seen from the south
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Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens
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Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens
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Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens
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Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens
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Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens
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wall about 6 metres north of the altar, which may have been the northern
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containing the cremated bones of a male teenager (inv. P 32307), a
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1303:"Agora Object: S 3344 (Votive relief depicting Aphrodite Urania)"
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1061:. Princeton, NJ: American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
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1323:"Agora Object: A 4643 (Ionic column fragment from the temple)"
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1343:"Agora Object: P 32307 (Sub-Mycenaean neck handled amphora)"
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The Athenian Agora III: Literary and Epigraphical Testimonia
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86:'s north porch, that was built to the north of the altar.
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1283:"Agora Monument: Altar and Sanctuary of Aphrodite Ourania"
110:(the hill west of the Agora) towards the Athenian Agora.
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The sanctuary of Aphrodite Urania, seen from the south.
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Buildings and structures completed in the 5th century
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193:Marble barriers from the altar of Aphrodite Urania
102:, who mentions it as his narrative moves from the
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1209:"Excavations in the Athenian Agora 1996 and 1997"
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1341:American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
1321:American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
1301:American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
1281:American School of Classical Studies at Athens.
367:demolished to make way for the Late Roman Stoa.
130:After this, Pausanias passes a bronze statue of
1763:1st-century religious buildings and structures
1680:American School of Classical Studies at Athens
1176:"The Athenian Agora: Excavations of 1989-1993"
1068:"The Athenian Agora: Excavations of 1980-1982"
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451:Nikopoulou, Y. (1971). "Τοπογραφικὰ Ἀθηνῶν".
1471:Temple of Zeus Phratrios and Athena Phratria
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147:late Roman stoa was built across the area.
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1254:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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16:Temple in the Ancient Agora of Athens
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134:and then goes on to describe the
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67:) was located north-west of the
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453:Αρχαιολογικά Ανάλεκτα εξ Αθηνών
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1675:Ancient Agora of Athens Museum
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262:fountain house similar to the
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1:
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449:On the Early Roman Stoa, see
71:and dedicated to the goddess
45:Sanctuary of Aphrodite Urania
1099:Edwards, Charles M. (1984).
63:
7:
1649:Church of the Holy Apostles
342:Temple of Roma and Augustus
275:sack of Athens in 396 AD.
10:
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1406:Altar of Aphrodite Ourania
1244:. Athens. pp. 43–112.
1132:Foster, Giraud V. (1984).
64:hieron Aphroditēs Ouranias
52:
1748:Temples in ancient Athens
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1585:
1534:
1453:
1442:
1398:
1263:Lawton, Carol L. (2017).
1174:Shear, T. Leslie (1997).
1066:Shear, T. Leslie (1984).
1055:Wycherley, R. E. (1957).
319:and are also seen in the
268:Southeast Fountain Houses
1631:Southeast Fountain House
1598:Southwest Fountain House
1466:Temple of Apollo Patroos
1426:Altar of the Twelve Gods
1207:Camp, John McK. (1999).
436:
158:. There are traces of a
53:ἱερὸν Ἀφροδίτης Οὐρανίας
1753:Ancient Agora of Athens
1644:Gymnasium of the Giants
1461:Stoa of Zeus Eleutheros
1392:Ancient Agora of Athens
1101:"Aphrodite on a Ladder"
307:The north porch of the
142:Archaeological evidence
69:Ancient Agora of Athens
25:Ancient Agora of Athens
1506:Altar of Zeus Agoraios
404:Athens-Piraeus railway
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226:Persian Sack of Athens
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682:, pp. 74, 80–82.
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1743:Temples of Aphrodite
1567:Library of Pantainos
1526:Temple of Hephaestus
408:T. Leslie Shear, Jr.
378:Sub-Mycenean amphora
257:Hellenistic building
104:Temple of Hephaestus
1719:37.9760°N 23.7217°E
1715: /
1042:, p. 498 n. 3.
1030:, p. 24 n. 41.
979:, pp. 264–265.
967:, pp. 513–514.
955:, pp. 512–513.
887:, pp. 509–510.
821:, pp. 502–505.
232:Sacrificial remains
122:and is the work of
397:Excavation history
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279:Early Roman temple
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1639:Odeion of Agrippa
1416:Stoa of the Herms
1347:Agora Excavations
1327:Agora Excavations
1307:Agora Excavations
1287:Agora Excavations
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721:, pp. 77–78.
617:, pp. 27–28.
325:Southeast Temples
94:Literary evidence
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1658:Related Articles
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1225:10.2307/148490
1219:(3): 255–283.
1204:
1192:10.2307/148466
1186:(4): 495–548.
1171:
1162:
1150:10.2307/147940
1129:
1117:10.2307/147939
1096:
1084:10.2307/147938
1063:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1032:
1020:
1008:
1004:Wycherley 1957
996:
981:
969:
957:
945:
928:
916:
914:, p. 501.
901:
899:, p. 500.
889:
877:
862:
847:
845:, p. 507.
835:
833:, p. 505.
823:
811:
809:, p. 502.
799:
797:, p. 498.
772:
755:
753:, p. 509.
740:
738:, p. 508.
723:
711:
699:
684:
672:
660:
648:
636:
619:
607:
592:
580:
568:
556:
544:
532:
515:
496:
487:
483:Wycherley 1957
471:
469:
466:
463:
462:
441:
440:
438:
435:
430:Julia L. Shear
419:John McK. Camp
398:
395:
389:
386:
372:
369:
280:
277:
258:
255:
233:
230:
178:
175:
143:
140:
95:
92:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1790:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1731:
1728:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1625:South Stoa II
1622:
1621:East Building
1618:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1278:
1268:
1267:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1041:
1036:
1029:
1024:
1017:
1012:
1006:, p. 50.
1005:
1000:
994:, p. 16.
993:
988:
986:
978:
973:
966:
961:
954:
949:
943:, p. 37.
942:
937:
935:
933:
925:
920:
913:
908:
906:
898:
893:
886:
881:
875:, p. 35.
874:
869:
867:
860:, p. 36.
859:
854:
852:
844:
839:
832:
827:
820:
815:
808:
803:
796:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
777:
770:, p. 34.
769:
764:
762:
760:
752:
747:
745:
737:
732:
730:
728:
720:
715:
709:, p. 74.
708:
703:
697:, p. 76.
696:
691:
689:
681:
676:
670:, p. 73.
669:
664:
658:, p. 31.
657:
652:
646:, p. 29.
645:
640:
634:, p. 30.
633:
628:
626:
624:
616:
611:
605:, p. 27.
604:
599:
597:
590:, p. 26.
589:
584:
578:, p. 25.
577:
572:
565:
560:
554:, p. 38.
553:
548:
542:, p. 77.
541:
536:
530:, p. 39.
529:
524:
522:
520:
513:, p. 33.
512:
507:
505:
503:
501:
491:
485:, p. 49.
484:
479:
477:
472:
458:
454:
446:
442:
434:
431:
425:
420:
414:
409:
405:
394:
385:
383:
379:
368:
364:
362:
358:
353:
351:
346:
343:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
317:Roman temples
310:
305:
301:
299:
294:
289:
286:
276:
274:
269:
265:
254:
252:
249:, 16.2% from
248:
244:
240:
229:
227:
221:
219:
214:
210:
206:
201:
191:
183:
174:
172:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
148:
139:
137:
133:
127:
125:
121:
120:Parian marble
117:
111:
109:
105:
101:
91:
87:
85:
81:
78:
74:
70:
65:
59:
50:
49:Ancient Greek
46:
37:
30:
26:
21:
1700:
1670:Tyrannicides
1613:South Square
1608:South Stoa I
1411:Stoa Poikile
1350:. Retrieved
1346:
1330:. Retrieved
1326:
1310:. Retrieved
1306:
1292:30 September
1290:. Retrieved
1286:
1265:
1241:
1216:
1212:
1183:
1179:
1166:
1144:(1): 73–82.
1141:
1137:
1111:(1): 59–72.
1108:
1104:
1078:(1): 24–40.
1075:
1071:
1057:
1049:Bibliography
1035:
1023:
1018:, p. 1.
1011:
999:
972:
960:
948:
919:
892:
880:
838:
826:
814:
802:
714:
702:
675:
663:
651:
639:
610:
583:
571:
564:Edwards 1984
559:
547:
535:
490:
456:
452:
445:
400:
391:
374:
371:Earlier uses
365:
361:field stones
354:
347:
314:
282:
260:
235:
222:
213:cyma reversa
196:
168:
156:Dipylon Gate
149:
145:
136:Stoa Poikile
129:
113:
97:
88:
44:
42:
29:Stoa Poikile
23:Plan of the
1722: /
1617:Middle Stoa
1593:Strategeion
1352:12 November
1332:12 November
719:Foster 1984
707:Foster 1984
695:Foster 1984
680:Foster 1984
668:Foster 1984
540:Foster 1984
422: [
411: [
337:Erechtheion
309:Erechtheion
216:a palmette
209:orthostates
177:Early altar
84:Erechtheion
1737:Categories
1710:23°43′18″E
1707:37°58′34″N
1586:South Side
1552:Monopteros
1511:Prytanikon
1421:Royal Stoa
1399:North Side
1312:6 November
1040:Shear 1997
1028:Shear 1984
1016:Shear 1984
992:Shear 1984
965:Shear 1997
953:Shear 1997
941:Shear 1984
924:Shear 1984
912:Shear 1997
897:Shear 1997
885:Shear 1997
873:Shear 1984
858:Shear 1984
843:Shear 1997
831:Shear 1997
819:Shear 1997
807:Shear 1997
795:Shear 1997
768:Shear 1984
751:Shear 1997
736:Shear 1997
656:Shear 1984
644:Shear 1984
632:Shear 1984
615:Shear 1984
603:Shear 1984
588:Shear 1984
576:Shear 1984
552:Shear 1984
528:Shear 1984
511:Shear 1984
468:References
382:cist grave
285:tetrastyle
218:acroterion
205:sacrifices
75:under her
1690:Areopagus
1535:East Side
1476:Synagogue
1454:West Side
1250:cite book
1233:0018-098X
1200:0018-098X
1158:0018-098X
1125:0018-098X
1092:0018-098X
977:Camp 1999
333:anthemion
321:Southwest
264:Southwest
164:peribolos
160:polygonal
100:Pausanias
73:Aphrodite
58:romanized
31:(no. 11).
1603:Aiakeion
1431:Basilica
288:prostyle
273:Alaric's
251:chickens
1491:Metroon
1167:ASAtene
357:latrine
350:cobbles
124:Phidias
106:on the
77:epithet
60::
1778:Altars
1496:Tholos
1231:
1198:
1156:
1123:
1090:
459:: 1–9.
116:Aegeus
80:Urania
437:Notes
426:]
415:]
329:Ionic
298:poros
293:cella
247:doves
239:goats
200:poros
171:doves
1685:Pnyx
1635:Mint
1557:Bema
1354:2023
1334:2023
1314:2023
1294:2023
1256:link
1229:ISSN
1196:ISSN
1154:ISSN
1121:ISSN
1088:ISSN
323:and
266:and
243:kids
43:The
1221:doi
1188:doi
1146:doi
1113:doi
1080:doi
300:.
126:...
1739::
1623:,
1619:,
1345:.
1325:.
1305:.
1285:.
1252:}}
1248:{{
1227:.
1217:68
1215:.
1211:.
1194:.
1184:66
1182:.
1178:.
1152:.
1142:53
1140:.
1136:.
1119:.
1109:53
1107:.
1103:.
1086:.
1076:53
1074:.
1070:.
984:^
931:^
904:^
865:^
850:^
775:^
758:^
743:^
726:^
687:^
622:^
595:^
518:^
499:^
475:^
455:.
424:de
413:de
138:.
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1615:(
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1377:t
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1356:.
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1296:.
1258:)
1235:.
1223::
1202:.
1190::
1160:.
1148::
1127:.
1115::
1094:.
1082::
566:.
457:4
47:(
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