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introduction of the head tax in 1903. Afterwards, many workers were replaced or reallocated with the invention of the iron chink, a butchering machine said to replace up to 30 Chinese workers. The name of this machine demonstrates the inherent racisms present at the time of its creation, and it has since been renamed as the iron butcher. While
European workers were generally hired on an individual basis, Chinese men commonly were hired through contractors. These contractors, often called the China-boss, would agree on a set price with the cannery operators, and would then hire workers with that figure in mind. Individual Chinese laborers were then paid by the contractor who hired them, though the contractor generally kept a large portion of the money.
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before returning to their homes for the remainder of the year. First
Nations men were valued as excellent fishers, as fishing had been a part of their economy since long before settlers reached the coast. While First Nations workers were valuable assets to the canneries, they were not always reliable in the sense that they did not always return year after year. Most First Nations families had other means to provide for themselves, so they were not dependent on the income that the canneries provided, at least in the beginning. In some cases, though, individuals or families returned to the same cannery year after year.
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to be viewed. Although they were still segregated from other workers, they were paid more, and they were higher on the social scale. The
Japanese played an important role in canneries until World War II, when many Japanese men were interned for the duration of the war. At this time, many of their fishing vessels were also confiscated, making returning after the war difficult for them. Despite this treatment, many Japanese men did return to cannery life in the aftermath of the war, though the return was slow, and was not welcomed by all.
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packed them into tins, mended nets, and acted as nursemaids to the many children on site. They tended not to act as fishers, though some Native women may have accompanied their fathers on their boats, especially at a young age. Although women were paid for the work that they performed, their wages were among the lowest in the cannery. Within the canneries, as many as 50% of the workers could be women, which suggests that the female labor force was necessary to the operation of many canneries.
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111:(dragnets). The nets were woven with spruce root fibers or wild grass, and used sticks made of cedar as floats and stones as weights. The movement of the sticks during seining helped keep the fish together. The technique was to "sweep nets during ebb tide from upstream to down, with the net anchored at the beach upstream. A boat then carried the net out and around salmon migrating upstream."
417:
While at work in the canneries, each of these groups was housed in separate accommodations. The single men generally stayed in racially segregated bunkhouses, while First
Nations families lived in small huts or in camps near the canneries. The jobs that these different groups performed at the cannery, as well as the wages that they earned, were generally decided by their race.
62:, the French government offered a 12,000-franc prize to anyone who could devise a cheap and effective method of preserving large amounts of food. The larger armies of the period required increased and regular supplies of quality food. Appert submitted his invention and won the prize in January 1810. The reason for lack of spoilage was unknown at the time, since
345:. The counting stations were intended to provide harvest managers with data they needed to manage the salmon fisheries, but they missed much of the escapement. Smaller fish passed through the weirs uncounted, the salmon could not be counted during times of flood, and hundreds of other salmon streams in the area were without counting stations.
456:
Although women of other nationalities were sometimes present at canneries, Native women were the most prolific. Japanese women reportedly worked on the canning with their babies strapped to their backs, and records suggest that white women sometimes worked as cooks or assistant shopkeepers. Aside
416:
People of many different nationalities worked in the canneries along the
Pacific coast, thus creating an ideal atmosphere for the development of interracial relationships. First Nations people made up the majority of the workforce, though Chinese, Japanese, and Caucasian workers were also present.
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Japanese workers were prized for their ability to repair boats, as well as their skills as fishermen. These skills placed them in direct competition with
European and First Nations fishers. Due to the nature of the jobs they performed, Japanese men were not seen as feminine, as the Chinese tended
452:
As mentioned above, many First
Nations women came to the canneries with their husbands, fathers, or other male relatives. They were not idle during the canning season, but performed a number of important tasks within the cannery, similar to the tasks performed by the Chinese. Women cleaned fish,
425:
While many of the foreign workers employed at canneries were single or married men trying to provide for their families back home, not uncommonly, entire First
Nations families were present at the canneries. Men, women, and children lived and worked alongside each other during the fishing season,
221:
Prior to canning, fish were salted to preserve them. Cobb claims that at the start of the 19th century, the
Russians marketed salted salmon caught in Alaska in St. Petersburg. Shortly after, the Northwest Fur Company started marketing salted salmon from the Columbia River. It then merged with the
434:
Chinese workers originally performed many jobs inside the canneries. They made tins, butchered fish, and packed them. The
Chinese were seen as well suited to these more feminine tasks because many people viewed them as a feminine race. These workers were a source of cheap labor prior to the
237:. In 1866, the Hume brothers relocated the business to a site 50 miles inland on the Columbia River. The history of North American salmon canneries is exemplified by their history on the Columbia River. Within a few years, each of the Hume brothers had his own cannery. By 1872,
77:
Canning was used in the 1830s in Scotland to keep fish fresh until it could be marketed. By the 1840s, salmon was being canned in Maine and New Brunswick. The commercial salmon canneries had their main origins in California, and in the northwest of the US, particularly on the
241:
was operating a number of canneries, bringing in Chinese people willing to work for low wages to do the cannery work, and having local Native American people do the fishing. By 1883, the salmon canneries had become the major industry on the Columbia River, with 1,700
257:
The settlers learned the use of seine nets from Native Americans. By 1895, 84 seines were on the Columbia, and Robert Hume started hauling them with teams of horses. The seines were operated from daybreak to dusk around islands and along beaches. At
457:
from actively participating in the canning process, women helped to make the canneries into more than just work sites. With the presence of women and children, canneries became homes away from home for all of the workers on site.
89:
in 1867. Although this first cannery was short lived, many others soon followed. Salmon canneries eventually spread throughout British Columbia, along the Fraser, Skeena, and Nass Rivers, as well as along much of the coast.
270:
of salmon and then trap them by drawing ("pursing") the bottom of the net together, as one would with a string purse. By 1905, the boats used engines for hauling the seine lines. In 1922, use of salmon
66:
did not demonstrate the role of microbes in food spoilage for another 50 years. However, glass containers presented challenges for transportation. Shortly after, the British inventor and merchant
2684:
322:. As a result, production leveled and remained fairly stable for some decades, before going into a further steady decline from 1930. The Columbia's last major cannery closed in 1980.
46:
industry that became established on the Pacific coast of North America during the 19th century, and subsequently expanded to other parts of the world that had easy access to salmon.
58:. In 1795, he began experimenting with ways to preserve food by placing it in sealed glass jars and then placing the jars in boiling water. During the first years of the
226:, and the salmon was marketed in Australia, China, Hawaii, Japan, and the eastern United States. Later, some salmon salteries were converted to salmon canneries.
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in the upper river. The decline was accelerated by mining and forestry operations, and the introduction of grazing animals, which resulted in the
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sandspit in the late 1800s showing cannery and village: The Karluk River was sometimes called the "River of Life" due to the dense salmon run.
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Long before the appearance of Europeans, Native Americans operated a dried salmon industry from the Columbia River, trading salmon to the
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designed so the passing salmon could be counted (photo below). Escapement is the proportion of spawning stock that survives
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becoming silted and polluted. Further aggravation resulted from the diversion of water for irrigation. Columbia salmon
82:. They were never important on the US Atlantic Coast, but by the 1940s, the principal canneries had shifted to Alaska.
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1867: James Symes preserved Fraser River salmon experimentally in hermetically sealed cans in his home kitchen.
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To save time-wasting trips back to the cannery, packer boats are sent out to the fleets to pick up the catch.
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Filleting salmon in Oregon: In the early years, Chinese and Japanese were the preferred cannery workers.
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1795–1810: Nicolas Appert worked out how to preserve food in sealed jars and won a 12,000-franc prize.
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Cobb JN (1917) Pacific salmon fisheries. Government Printing Office, Bur. Fish., Doc 1092. 297 pages.
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The first industrial-scale salmon cannery in North America was established in 1864 on a barge in the
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Salmon being transferred to a large boat on which they are iced and hauled to a cannery, around 1938
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1251:“Cassiar Payroll, 1946,” Ledger, in MS 32 vol. 15, North Pacific Cannery Archives, Port Edward, BC.
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on and around the Columbia was made illegal. In 1948, horse and manual seines were also outlawed.
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Pacific American Fisheries, Inc: history of a Washington State Salmon Packing Company, 1890-1966
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1866: The cannery was relocated to the Columbia River, where it triggered an important industry.
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1810: Peter Durand patented his more robust method of using tin cans, instead of breakable jars.
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1870: The first commercial canning operation in British Columbia opened on the Fraser River.
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1864: First commercial salmon cannery was established on a barge in the Sacramento River.
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2005:
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1419:"A Brief Overview of the History of Fish Culture and its Relation to Fisheries Science"
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Organizing Asian American labor: the Pacific Coast canned-salmon industry, 1870-1942
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The first salmon cannery was established in North America in 1864 on a barge in the
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1345:"The Southeastern Alaska Salmon Industry: Historical Overview and Current Status"
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A salmon counting station, where attempts were made to manually count the salmon
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by the four Hume brothers together with their partner Andrew S. Hapgood, the
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were declining, and the canneries started processing the less sought-after
272:
86:
67:
3188:
1312:
The Development of the Pacific salmon-canning industry: a grown man's game
820:
Icons of invention: the makers of the modern world from Gutenberg to Gates
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Cheap wage labour: race and gender in the fisheries of British Columbia
472:
1824: The first recorded time salmon was canned, in Aberdeen, Scotland.
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Fish heads and tails are boiled to extract oil for packing the salmon.
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2015:
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The first salmon cannery in British Columbia began operating on the
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1764:
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http://knowbc.com/limited/Books/Encyclopedia-of-BC/S/Salmon-Canning
298:. The numbers of salmon continued to decline because the canneries
136:
107:. The Native Americans usually captured salmon by manually hauling
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2714:
2390:
2277:
2272:
1784:
1659:
1624:
592:
557:
382:
358:
243:
208:
71:
36:
3146:
1256:
The Pacific salmon fisheries: a study of irrational conservation
3436:
3336:
2779:
2632:
2554:
2430:
2330:
2215:
2132:
1754:
1669:
962:
The fishermen's frontier: people and salmon in Southeast Alaska
325:
In 1928, in an attempt to measure the escapement of salmon in
3534:
2955:
1438:
1151:
Salmon: Our Heritage: The Story of a Province and an Industry
508:
247:
3733:
2507:
501:
1890: Commercial-scale operations started in northern Japan.
376:
Hauling a seine on the Columbia River using horse teams 1938
598:
Grading the salmon: The grader is at the top of the shutes.
494:
1878: The industry spread to Alaska, with a cannery on the
334:
166:
Indian Salmon Cannery, around 1890, New Metlakahtla, Alaska
3009:
3441:
2774:
2523:
1965:
1348:
Southeast Alaska Conservation Assessment.., Chapter 9.5.
1289:
Mawani, Renisa (2010) "Colonial Proximities." UBC Press.
1221:"Voices of British Columbia: Stories from Our Frontier"
507:
1936: International production peaked at about 300,000
504:
1906: Siberia established its salmon-canning industry.
788:
514:
1980: The Columbia River's last major cannery closed.
3612:
Sustainable seafood advisory lists and certification
793:
Biographical Dictionary of the History of Technology
684:
Hoonah Packing Company, Salmon Cannery, now a museum
74:, creating the modern-day process of canning foods.
790:
660:Salmon Cannery on Georgia Inlet, Ketchikan, Alaska
130:Native American fishing salmon with loop net, 1938
872:Curing and Canning of Fishery Products: A History
3762:
2920:North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization
1166:Salmon Canning on the Fraser River in the 1890s
1126:Cassiar Payroll, North Pacific Cannery Archives
314:responded to these declines by introducing the
1205:Salmon Canneries: British Columbia North Coast
364:Manually seining salmon on Columbia River 1914
3025:
2539:
1454:
1372:Steveston Cannery Row: an illustrated history
1122:
1120:
1118:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1163:Yesaki, Mitsuo and Nishimura, Sakuya (2000)
262:, salmon were caught by fishing boats using
1278:Hume RD (1904) "The first salmon cannery".
938:
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934:
932:
930:
928:
3032:
3018:
2930:Welsh Salmon and Trout Angling Association
2546:
2532:
1461:
1447:
1115:
1015:
834:
672:Salmon cannery and herring reduction plant
1423:Center for Climate/Ocean Resources Study,
965:Page 81. University of Washington Press.
866:
246:boats supplying 39 canneries with 15,000
54:The "father of canning" is the Frenchman
1185:Kaserman, Rebecca and René Horst (2008)
947:Northwest Power and Conservation Council
925:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
755:List of salmon canneries and communities
539:Fishermen intercepting a salmon run 1958
70:patented his own method, this time in a
18:
1369:Yesaki M, Steves H and Steves K (2005)
1219:Budd, Robert and Imbert Orchard (2010)
1187:"Aleuts in American Society: 1867-1941"
902:
900:
3763:
782:
740:History of Sacramento Cannery Industry
586:Lifting salmon from the hold of a boat
3013:
2527:
1442:
843:
750:List of canneries in British Columbia
16:Factory that commercially cans salmon
1254:Crutchfield JA, Pontecorvo G (1969)
897:
518:
916:
789:Lance Day, Ian McNeil, ed. (1996).
142:Dipnet fishing at Celilo Falls 1941
98:
13:
2940:Yakima Klickitat Fisheries Project
2915:Cook Inlet Aquaculture Association
2705:Pre-spawn mortality in coho salmon
1433:Waterfront Workers History Project
1195:
1154:Mitchell Press Limited, Vancouver.
411:
154:Repairing salmon nets, around 1950
14:
3787:
1388:
943:Columbia River History: Canneries
730:Columbia River Indigenous peoples
331:United States Bureau of Fisheries
192:operated salmon canneries on the
3744:
3743:
3732:
3540:
3539:
3447:
3446:
3312:
3311:
3160:
2815:Diseases and parasites in salmon
2690:Environmental issues with salmon
2651:
2506:
2495:
2494:
2396:Peanut butter and jelly sandwich
1549:
1429:Cannery Workers and Their Unions
1401:
677:
665:
653:
638:
615:
603:
591:
579:
556:
544:
532:
420:
393:
381:
369:
357:
207:
182:
159:
147:
135:
123:
93:
2401:Peanut butter, banana and bacon
1358:Oregon State University Press.
1179:
1157:
1142:
1129:
1102:
1089:
1076:
1063:
1050:
1037:
1002:
989:
976:
266:, which are used to encircle a
2846:Infectious salmon anemia virus
2094:Small sausage in large sausage
1468:
1355:Salmon fishers of the Columbia
953:
884:
811:
765:Rogue River Commercial fishing
1:
2893:Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae
1326:Radke AC and Radke BS (2002)
1237:Cannery Village: Company Town
1189:Appalachian State University.
776:
475:1839: Salmon first canned at
214:Salmon can label used by Hume
49:
7:
3566:Fish diseases and parasites
3039:
2984:Salmon Fishing in the Yemen
2643:Genetically modified salmon
1202:Blyth, Gladys Young (2006)
699:Alaska Packers' Association
691:
460:
438:
250:of salmon annually, mainly
173:
10:
3792:
2910:Atlantic Salmon Federation
2695:Old McKenzie Fish Hatchery
2553:
1883:Montreal-style smoked meat
1352:Smith, Courtland L (1979)
1280:Pacific Fisherman Yearbook
950:. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
913:. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
894:. Accessed Sept. 25, 2017.
711:, salmon workers in Alaska
429:
3727:
3699:List of seafood companies
3684:Gathering seafood by hand
3666:
3620:
3594:
3553:
3460:
3325:
3257:
3169:
3158:
3047:
2948:
2925:Pacific Salmon Commission
2902:
2803:
2745:
2660:
2649:
2561:
2490:
2464:
2301:
2228:
2181:
2113:
2106:
2044:
1941:
1823:
1565:
1558:
1547:
1485:
1476:
1400:
1395:
1292:Muszyńska, Alicja (1996)
1267:Temple University Press.
1234:Campbell, K. Mack (2004)
760:List of seafood companies
351:European settlers fishing
333:constructed four special
3581:Scombroid food poisoning
2685:Fly fishing bibliography
1223:Douglas & McIntyre.
817:Klooster, John W (2009)
447:
388:Early steam seine netter
117:Native Americans fishing
3485:List of raw fish dishes
2886:Sphaerothecum destruens
2153:Peanut butter and jelly
1169:page 5, Mitsuo Yesaki.
959:Arnold, David F (2008)
875:Marine Fisheries Review
526:Fishing for the cannery
3470:List of seafood dishes
2864:Nanophyetus salmincola
1695:Maine Italian sandwich
1315:McGill-Queen's Press.
1309:Newell, Dianne (1990)
1298:McGill-Queen's Press.
1258:. Johns Hopkins Press.
496:Prince of Wales Island
200:between 1866 and 1908.
28:
2680:Aquaculture of salmon
2675:Alaska salmon fishery
2324:Bacon, egg and cheese
2069:Maxwell Street Polish
1710:New Jersey sloppy joe
1261:Friday, Chris (1994)
1240:Trafford Publishing.
1208:Trafford Publishing.
1148:Lyons, Cicely (1969)
704:Alaska salmon fishery
22:
3602:Seafood mislabelling
2857:Myxobolus cerebralis
2833:Gyrodactylus salaris
2820:Amoebic gill disease
2638:Spike-toothed salmon
2501:Category: Sandwiches
1908:Sándwich de milanesa
1071:Colonial Proximities
1032:Colonial Proximities
1010:Colonial Proximities
997:Colonial Proximities
235:Hapgood-Hume Company
224:Hudson's Bay Company
3653:Pain in crustaceans
3638:Eating live seafood
3607:Sustainable seafood
3586:Shellfish poisoning
3490:List of tuna dishes
3480:List of fish dishes
3475:List of crab dishes
2978:Salmon of Knowledge
2840:Henneguya zschokkei
2725:Salmon conservation
1650:Francesinha poveira
1605:Chicken fillet roll
911:Oregon Encyclopedia
906:Smith, Courtland L
840:Newell, 1990, p. 4.
3719:Seafood restaurant
3689:History of seafood
3628:Declawing of crabs
2935:Wild Salmon Center
2710:Puget Sound salmon
2700:Pacific Salmon War
2421:Sandwiches de miga
2283:ObloĹľenĂ© chlebĂÄŤky
1871:List of hamburgers
1479:List of sandwiches
1343:Sisk, John (2005)
823:p. 103, ABC-CLIO.
735:History of fishing
573:Cannery processing
302:before they could
35:is a factory that
29:
3771:Seafood canneries
3758:
3757:
3750:Category: Seafood
3674:Fish preservation
3633:Eyestalk ablation
3595:Advisory services
3007:
3006:
2826:Ceratomyxa shasta
2521:
2520:
2482:Soup and sandwich
2356:Doughnut sandwich
2224:
2223:
2102:
2101:
1415:
1414:
1407:Work in a cannery
1381:978-0-9683807-1-0
1364:978-0-87071-313-2
1338:978-0-7864-1185-6
1321:978-0-7735-0717-3
1304:978-0-7735-1376-1
1273:978-1-56639-139-9
1246:978-1-4120-0965-2
1229:978-1-55365-463-6
1214:978-1-4120-2562-1
1110:Cheap Wage Labour
1097:Cheap Wage Labour
984:Cheap Wage Labour
971:978-0-295-98788-0
870:Jarvis ND (1988)
829:978-0-313-34745-0
745:List of canneries
632:Cannery buildings
519:Historical images
37:commercially cans
3783:
3747:
3746:
3737:
3736:
3694:History of sushi
3543:
3542:
3450:
3449:
3315:
3314:
3307:List of seafoods
3164:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3011:
3010:
2655:
2626:Taiwanese salmon
2581:Black Sea salmon
2548:
2541:
2534:
2525:
2524:
2511:
2510:
2498:
2497:
2258:Dyrlægens natmad
2111:
2110:
1986:Fool's Gold Loaf
1563:
1562:
1553:
1536:Sol over Gudhjem
1463:
1456:
1449:
1440:
1439:
1405:
1404:
1393:
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1190:
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890:Salmon Canning.
888:
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868:
841:
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832:
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796:
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681:
669:
657:
642:
619:
607:
595:
583:
560:
548:
536:
479:, New Brunswick.
397:
385:
373:
361:
339:fishing pressure
327:Southeast Alaska
312:harvest managers
308:spawning grounds
300:intercepted them
231:Sacramento River
211:
186:
163:
151:
139:
127:
99:Native Americans
25:Sacramento River
3791:
3790:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3780:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3739:Food portal
3731:
3723:
3679:Fish processing
3662:
3643:Live fish trade
3616:
3590:
3571:Mercury in fish
3549:
3456:
3417:Shark liver oil
3328:
3321:
3253:
3165:
3156:
3043:
3038:
3008:
3003:
2944:
2898:
2880:Salmon tapeworm
2806:
2799:
2741:
2720:Putcher fishing
2665:
2656:
2647:
2576:Atlantic salmon
2563:
2557:
2552:
2522:
2517:
2513:Food portal
2505:
2486:
2460:
2297:
2220:
2201:Cheese on toast
2177:
2098:
2040:
2026:Pork tenderloin
1991:Ham and egg bun
1971:Croque monsieur
1943:
1937:
1888:Pastrami on rye
1819:
1554:
1545:
1481:
1472:
1467:
1421:Gary D. Sharp,
1402:
1396:External videos
1391:
1386:
1198:
1196:Further reading
1193:
1184:
1180:
1162:
1158:
1147:
1143:
1137:Race and Gender
1134:
1130:
1125:
1116:
1107:
1103:
1094:
1090:
1084:Race and Gender
1081:
1077:
1068:
1064:
1058:Race and Gender
1055:
1051:
1045:Race and Gender
1042:
1038:
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770:USS LCI(L)-1091
720:Canned sardines
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44:fish-processing
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3714:Salmon cannery
3711:
3706:
3704:Pescetarianism
3701:
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3668:
3667:Related topics
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3621:Animal welfare
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3576:Metagonimiasis
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3555:
3554:Health hazards
3551:
3550:
3548:
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3532:
3530:Shark fin soup
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3505:Fish and chips
3502:
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3466:
3464:
3462:Seafood dishes
3458:
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3404:
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3362:Fermented fish
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3270:Marine mammals
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3002:
3001:
2994:
2991:The Salmon Fly
2987:
2980:
2975:
2973:Salmon (color)
2970:
2963:
2961:Salmon cannery
2958:
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2790:Salmon tartare
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2630:
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2628:
2623:
2621:Sockeye salmon
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2596:Chinook salmon
2593:
2586:Pacific salmon
2583:
2578:
2573:
2567:
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2559:
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2474:
2472:Sandwich bread
2468:
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2458:
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2448:
2443:
2438:
2436:Toast sandwich
2433:
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2316:
2311:
2309:Afghani burger
2305:
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2240:
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2208:
2206:Grilled cheese
2203:
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2100:
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2071:
2066:
2061:
2059:Breakfast roll
2056:
2054:Braunschweiger
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2023:
2018:
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1846:Chopped cheese
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1389:External links
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290:, followed by
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56:Nicolas Appert
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33:salmon cannery
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2967:Salmon (book)
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2812:
2810:
2808:
2802:
2796:
2795:Smoked salmon
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2785:Salmon burger
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2654:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2633:Danube salmon
2631:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2560:
2556:
2549:
2544:
2542:
2537:
2535:
2530:
2529:
2526:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2502:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2477:Sandwich loaf
2475:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2386:Mother-in-law
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2238:Avocado toast
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2021:Pork chop bun
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
2001:Jambon-beurre
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1810:Torta ahogada
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1640:Donkey burger
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1531:Salmon burger
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1506:Fischbrötchen
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1464:
1459:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1408:
1399:
1394:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1200:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1175:9780968679906
1172:
1168:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1132:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1111:
1105:
1098:
1092:
1085:
1079:
1072:
1066:
1059:
1053:
1046:
1040:
1033:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1011:
1005:
998:
992:
985:
979:
972:
968:
964:
963:
956:
949:
948:
944:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
919:
912:
909:
903:
901:
893:
887:
881:(4): 180–185.
880:
876:
873:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
837:
830:
826:
822:
821:
814:
806:
804:0-415-19399-0
800:
797:. Routledge.
795:
794:
785:
781:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
696:
680:
668:
656:
647:
641:
618:
606:
594:
582:
559:
547:
535:
513:
511:for the year.
510:
506:
503:
500:
497:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
474:
471:
468:
465:
464:
458:
454:
445:
436:
427:
421:First Nations
418:
403:
396:
384:
372:
360:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
276:
274:
273:purse seiners
269:
265:
261:
255:
253:
249:
245:
240:
236:
232:
227:
225:
210:
199:
195:
191:
185:
162:
150:
138:
126:
112:
110:
106:
105:Plains tribes
94:North America
91:
88:
83:
81:
75:
73:
69:
65:
64:Louis Pasteur
61:
57:
47:
45:
41:
38:
34:
26:
21:
3713:
3648:Pain in fish
3525:Seafood boil
3422:Shrimp paste
3412:Salted squid
3287:Sea cucumber
3229:Prawn/Shrimp
2998:The Big Fish
2996:
2989:
2982:
2965:
2960:
2891:
2884:
2870:Salmon louse
2862:
2855:
2851:M74 syndrome
2838:
2831:
2824:
2805:Diseases and
2755:Cured salmon
2456:X-caboquinho
2381:Mitraillette
2336:Chimichurris
2253:Crudo alemán
2196:Cheese dream
2074:Morning roll
2036:Toast Hawaii
2031:Sincronizada
2011:Monte Cristo
1961:Barros Jarpa
1951:Ham sandwich
1918:Steak burger
1878:Italian beef
1836:Beef on weck
1795:Strammer Max
1690:Kottenbutter
1516:Lobster roll
1422:
1409:
1371:
1354:
1347:
1328:
1311:
1294:
1283:
1279:
1263:
1255:
1236:
1204:
1181:
1165:
1159:
1150:
1144:
1136:
1135:Muszyinski,
1131:
1109:
1108:Muszyinski,
1104:
1096:
1095:Muszyinski,
1091:
1083:
1082:Muszyinski,
1078:
1070:
1065:
1057:
1056:Muszyinski,
1052:
1044:
1043:Muszyinski,
1039:
1031:
1009:
1004:
996:
991:
983:
982:Muszyinski,
978:
961:
955:
945:
918:
910:
886:
878:
874:
836:
819:
813:
792:
784:
455:
451:
442:
433:
424:
415:
324:
280:Chinook runs
277:
264:purse seines
256:
228:
220:
198:Rogue rivers
102:
87:Fraser River
84:
76:
68:Peter Durand
53:
32:
30:
3427:Smoked fish
3407:Salted fish
3367:Fish fillet
3347:Canned fish
3244:Crustaceans
3239:Sea urchins
2770:Lomi salmon
2611:Pink salmon
2606:Masu salmon
2601:Coho salmon
2591:Chum salmon
2446:Trancapecho
2118:Bagel toast
1851:Corned beef
1841:Cheesesteak
1831:Barros Luco
1745:Roti (wrap)
1740:Redonkadonk
1685:Katsu-sando
1655:Fried-brain
1645:Francesinha
1635:Doner kebab
1511:Fish finger
1501:Balık ekmek
1489:and seafood
1431:, from the
1332:McFarland.
1286:(1): 19–21.
725:Cannery Row
715:Canned fish
296:chum salmon
260:Puget Sound
239:Robert Hume
190:Robert Hume
3765:Categories
3520:Fried fish
3397:Fish stock
3392:Fish steak
3387:Fish paste
3382:Fish sauce
3357:Cured fish
3342:Dried fish
3062:Barramundi
2765:Lohikeitto
2730:Salmon run
2667:management
2571:Salmonidae
2562:Groups and
2441:Tramezzino
2416:Roti bakar
2406:Pistolette
2341:Chip butty
2293:Zapiekanka
2288:Smørrebrød
2243:Butterbrot
2123:Baked bean
2107:Vegetarian
2089:Porilainen
2084:Polish Boy
2079:Mortadella
2064:Liverwurst
1981:Flæskesteg
1913:Sloppy joe
1903:Roast beef
1893:Patty melt
1861:French dip
1780:Smørrebrød
1705:Medianoche
1526:Prawn roll
1521:Pan bagnat
1470:Sandwiches
777:References
477:Saint John
343:salmon run
109:seine nets
50:Background
42:. It is a
3561:Ciguatera
3515:Fish soup
3432:Stockfish
3372:Fish head
3327:Processed
3265:Jellyfish
3171:Shellfish
3152:Whitebait
3132:Swordfish
2875:Sea louse
2807:parasites
2735:June hogs
2662:Fisheries
2616:Steelhead
2426:Spaghetti
2371:Ice cream
2366:Guajolota
2346:Chow mein
2319:Breakfast
2314:Bocadillo
2268:Horseshoe
2173:Vegetable
2016:Porchetta
1996:Ham salad
1866:Hamburger
1815:Wurstbrot
1800:Submarine
1770:Shooter's
1680:Kati roll
1595:Chacarero
1590:Bun kebab
1541:Tuna fish
1425:Monterey.
709:Alaskeros
402:migrating
341:during a
284:steelhead
3510:Fish pie
3402:Lutefisk
3377:Fish oil
3249:Molluscs
3234:Scallops
3199:Crayfish
3127:Sturgeon
3107:Mackerel
3097:Flounder
3092:Flatfish
3067:Billfish
2191:Carrozza
2168:Vada pav
2128:Cucumber
1790:St. Paul
1765:Shawarma
1750:Roujiamo
1725:Panuozzo
1715:Num pang
1700:Meatball
1675:Jibarito
1615:Choripán
1575:Barbecue
1375:Mitsuo.
1069:Mawani,
1030:Mawani,
1008:Mawani,
995:Mawani,
692:See also
461:Timeline
439:Japanese
404:upstream
320:fish fry
316:hatchery
194:Columbia
174:Settlers
3709:Raw bar
3545:more...
3500:Chowder
3452:more...
3329:seafood
3317:more...
3292:Seaweed
3282:Octopus
3224:Oysters
3219:Mussels
3214:Lobster
3204:Geoduck
3184:Cockles
3179:Abalone
3137:Tilapia
3117:Sardine
3102:Herring
3077:Catfish
3057:Anchovy
3041:Seafood
2949:Related
2760:Gravlax
2747:As food
2715:Putcher
2564:species
2465:Related
2391:Pambazo
2278:Muisjes
2273:Mollete
2148:Lettuce
2138:Doubles
2046:Sausage
2006:Jesuita
1942:Ham and
1785:Spiedie
1735:Po' boy
1660:Gua bao
1630:Dagwood
1625:Cudighi
1610:Chivito
1600:Chicken
1585:Bologna
1570:Bánh mì
1410:YouTube
430:Chinese
252:Chinook
244:gillnet
72:tin can
3776:Salmon
3748:
3495:Bisque
3437:Surimi
3337:Caviar
3112:Salmon
2780:Rui-be
2555:Salmon
2499:
2431:Spatlo
2411:Pocket
2361:Gatsby
2331:Cemita
2263:Gerber
2248:Canapé
2216:Pebete
2183:Cheese
2163:Tomato
2133:Dabeli
1933:Tongue
1928:Tavern
1898:Reuben
1856:Denver
1775:Slider
1760:Sailor
1755:Sabich
1730:Pepito
1720:Panini
1670:Hamdog
1379:
1362:
1336:
1319:
1302:
1271:
1244:
1227:
1212:
1173:
1139:, 119.
1112:, 172.
1099:, 135.
1086:, 113.
1060:, 105.
1047:, 110.
986:, 164.
969:
827:
801:
646:Karluk
509:tonnes
329:, the
268:school
248:tonnes
40:salmon
3535:Sushi
3302:Algae
3297:Squid
3275:Whale
3209:Krill
3189:Conch
3142:Trout
3122:Shark
2956:Ceasg
2351:Crisp
2302:Other
1976:Cuban
1956:Bacon
1923:Steak
1805:Torta
1580:Bauru
1073:, 49.
1034:, 40.
1012:, 46.
999:, 45.
448:Women
335:weirs
304:spawn
3194:Crab
3147:Tuna
3072:Carp
3049:Fish
2451:Wrap
2230:Open
2211:Melt
1944:pork
1824:Beef
1665:Gyro
1620:Club
1559:Meat
1487:Fish
1377:ISBN
1360:ISBN
1334:ISBN
1317:ISBN
1300:ISBN
1269:ISBN
1242:ISBN
1225:ISBN
1210:ISBN
1171:ISBN
967:ISBN
825:ISBN
799:ISBN
294:and
292:coho
286:and
196:and
3442:Roe
3087:Eel
3082:Cod
2775:Lox
2664:and
2376:Jam
2158:Tea
2143:Egg
1966:BLT
1282:,
3767::
1117:^
1017:^
927:^
899:^
879:50
877:,
845:^
254:.
31:A
3033:e
3026:t
3019:v
2547:e
2540:t
2533:v
1462:e
1455:t
1448:v
1435:.
1383:.
1366:.
1340:.
1323:.
1306:.
1284:2
1275:.
1248:.
1231:.
1216:.
973:.
831:.
807:.
498:.
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.