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of lime in agriculture. He was able to increase the cotton yield in one section of his plantation from 100 to 150 pounds per acre up to 300–400 pounds. In August, 1867, Ravenal and N. A. Pratt discovered a rich concentration of this mineral at Lambs, South
Carolina. As a result, he helped to found
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For the remainder of his career, he served as chemist to the larger phosphate companies. Among his accomplishments were the development of simpler fertilizer manufacturing techniques, a method of growing abundant short grain and hay on the sandy South
Carolina coast, and the boring of
255:, this cigar-shaped, semi-submersible vessel was fitted with a torpedo at the end of 14-foot iron spar mounted at the bow. The idea was to drive the steam-powered boat at an enemy ship and detonate the torpedo along the hull. On October 5, 1863, the
177:(1832–1912), the sole child of Edward Cotesworth Rutledge and Rebecca Motte Lowndes. Between 1852 and 1872, St. Julien and Harriott would have nine children. Their son Francis '(Frank') Gualdo Ravenel married the poet
232:. Thereafter he was commissioned as a surgeon with the 24th South Carolina infantry, under the command of Colonel Clement H. Stevens. The following year, he was placed in charge of the Confederate Hospital in
159:, then continued his studies for a summer in Philadelphia and a year at Paris, France. Returning to Charleston, he began to practice medicine and was named Demonstrator of Anatomy at the Medical College.
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of moderate depth in the
Charleston area to supply water to local manufacturing industries. For the last, he is now known as the "father of Charleston's artesian well system". St. Julien Ravenel died of
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was devised as a counterblockade weapon. In 1863, the first purpose-built torpedo boat was conceived and built near
Charleston, South Carolina using private funding. Using an earlier concept of
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Prior to the war, Dr. Ravenel had begun experimenting with chemistry for improvement of agricultural conditions. He resumed his investigations in 1866, where he discovered the benefit of using
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to establish the
Colleton Lime Works at his plantation which sold lime for 0.90c per barrel. This company would provide most of the lime used by the southern states during the
730:
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the fertilizer manufacturer Wando
Phosphate Company. Over time, this led to a burgeoning fertilizer industry that helped the commercial recovery of South Carolina.
147:, St. Julien was the oldest child of merchant and ship owner John Ravenel and his wife Anna Eliza Ford. After attending grammar schools in Charleston, he left for
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in 1855, he was one of the first on the scene and worked throughout the epidemic to aid the patients. At his Stony
Landing Plantation along the
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St. Julien undertook the study of chemistry beginning in 1852. However, he did not completely forsake his previous work. When an outbreak of
288:. His wife Harriott stayed behind with their provisions and thus was witness to the arrival of the Union army and the burning of the city.
131:. Following the war, he helped pioneer the use of fertilizers in agriculture and led the growth of phosphate fertilizer manufacturing in
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With the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, Dr. Ravenel volunteered with the
Phoenix rifles and served as a private during the siege of
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St. Julien
Ravenel inherited the house at 5 East Battery in Charleston from his parents and lived there with his family until his death.
251:, Dr. Ravenel provided the initial design for the vessel and the construction was completed with the aid of David C. Ebaugh. Named the
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A Cyclopedia of
American Medical Biography: Comprising the Lives of Eminent Deceased Physicians and Surgeons from 1610 to 1910
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deposits located along the river banks. After cement was discovered under the limestone layers, in 1856 he partnered with
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Finding the medical work distasteful and disliking the drudgery of being a doctor, he began an association with Professor
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Writing under the pseudonym of H. Hilton Broom, his wife Harriott won a Charleston newspaper prize for her 1879 novel
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that was used to manufacture nearly all of the South's medical supplies, including drugs and medicines. As General
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110:(December 15, 1819 – March 16, 1882) was an American physician and agricultural chemist. During the
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Ravenel's knowledge of chemistry was put to use when he was placed in charge of a laboratory in
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Ravenel Records: A History and Genealogy of the Huguenot Family of Ravenel, of South Carolina
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Effect of earthquake 1886. Dr. St. Julien Ravenel's house. East Battery. Charleston, S.C.
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South Carolina Civilians in Sherman's Path: Stories of Courage Amid Civil War Destruction
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Natural history investigations in South Carolina: from Colonial times to the present
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Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History
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314:, March 15, 1882, and was survived by his wife, four sons, and five daughters.
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where Confederate soldiers from Virginia and elsewhere were being treated.
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485:, Atlanta, GA: Franklin Printing and Publishing Company, pp. 152–154.
529:, in Heidler, David Stephen; Heidler, Jeanne T.; Coles, David J. (eds.),
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army approached, the laboratory was ordered to entrain for a location in
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419:, Boston: American Academy of Arts and Sciences, pp. 437–438, 1898.
633:(2nd ed.), North American Book Distributor LLC, pp. 182–183,
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166:, studying microscopy, natural history, and physiology. When the
662:, University of South Carolina. South Caroliniana Library, 1886
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The buildings of Charleston: a guide to the city's architecture
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met in Charleston during 1850, Dr. Ravenel was the treasurer.
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to continue his education. In 1840 he graduated from the
458:, University of South Carolina Press, pp. 66, 68,
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The Life and Times of William Lowndes of South Carolina
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Sanders, Albert E.; Anderson, William Dewey (1999),
679:, Berkeley Chamber of Commerce, Berkeley County, SC
606:, University of South Carolina Press, p. 218,
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Lamb's Biographical Dictionary of the United States
173:On March 20, 1851, he married writer and historian
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
731:People of South Carolina in the American Civil War
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390:Kelly, Howard Atwood; Burrage, Walter L. (1920),
273:, causing damage but failing to breach the hull.
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533:, W. W. Norton & Company, pp. 556–559,
396:, Baltimore: W.B. Saunders Company, p. 959.
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441:, Boston: James H. Lamb Company, p. 416.
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583:"Phosphate Came and Went in 60 Years"
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331:Charleston, the Place and the People
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16:Physician and agricultural chemist
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711:19th-century American physicians
435:Brown, John Howard, ed. (1903),
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525:Heath, Charles L. Jr. (2000),
479:Ravenel, Henry Edmund (1898),
58:Charleston, South Carolina, US
42:Charleston, South Carolina, US
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243:the South's ports, the
175:Harriott Horry Rutledge
139:Early career and family
93:Harriott Horry Rutledge
554:Stokes, Karen (2012),
321:. She later published
312:cirrhosis of the liver
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149:Morristown, New Jersey
741:Deaths from cirrhosis
627:Onofrio, Jan (2000),
505:Old Santee Canal Park
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210:American Civil War
206:Clement H. Stevens
114:, he designed the
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108:St. Julien Ravenel
85:Physician, chemist
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53:(1882-03-16)
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249:Ross Winans
230:Fort Sumter
74:Nationality
695:Categories
683:2013-05-18
666:2013-05-18
640:0403093074
613:1570032025
540:039304758X
511:2013-05-18
465:1570032785
337:References
241:blockading
35:1819-12-15
298:phosphate
282:Sherman's
216:Civil War
527:"Davids"
333:(1906).
325:(1896),
143:Born in
98:Children
77:American
417:Memoirs
319:Ashurst
188:struck
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90:Spouse
269:near
259:David
253:David
200:from
121:David
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460:ISBN
264:USS
257:CSS
202:marl
198:lime
126:USS
119:CSS
48:Died
29:Born
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
