411:
1628:
357:
42:
345:, was given in marriage to a member of the Aba clan around 1009. However, historians still debate whether Samuel himself or Samuel's father married the royal princess. If Samuel was her husband, he must have been born before 990 and converted – either from Judaism or paganism – to Christianity when he married Stephen I's sister. His Christian credentials are further evidenced by Samuel's establishment of an abbey at
436:
Hungarian nobles were unwilling to endure this from him, and chafing under this insulting behaviour they conspired and plotted that they would kill him. But one of them informed the King of the conspiracy against his life, whereupon the King imprisoned as many of them as he could and had them put to death without examination or trial, which did great damage to his cause.
984:
Varga, Gergely I B; Maróti, Zoltán; Schütz, Oszkár; Maár, Kitti; Nyerki, Emil; Tihanyi, Balázs; Váradi, Orsolya; Ginguta, Alexandra; Kovács, Bence; Kiss, Petra; Dosztig, Monika; Gallina, Zsolt; Török, Tibor; Szabó, János B.; Makoldi, Miklós; Endre, Neparáczki (21 March 2024). "Archaeogenetic analysis
535:
with part of his force and began the battle, while all the knights rushed hither and thither. In the first attack he defeated and put to flight the innumerable army of the
Hungarians, losing very few of his own men. He himself fought very bravely and he won a most glorious victory on 5 July. King Aba
530:
When King Aba had broken his oath and his treaty, King Henry invaded
Hungary with a very small force. Aba, who had equipped a very large army, held him in such contempt that he allowed him to enter the province, as though it would be easy to kill or to capture him. Henry, however, trusting in divine
571:, from the political centre of the Aba clan. In 2024, archaeogenetic analysis revealed East Eurasian paternal origin to the Aba royal family of Hungary. It revealed that members of the Aba family were related to members of prominent Hungarian medieval noble families, including the Hungarian royal
435:
King Aba became insolent and began to rage cruelly against the
Hungarians. For he held that all things should be in common between lords and servants; but to have violated his oath he considered a mere trifle. Despising the nobles of the kingdom, he consorted with peasants and commoners. The
521:, where Samuel's army was routed. Samuel's fate following the battle is still uncertain. According to nearly contemporaneous German sources, he was captured in short order and executed on Peter the Venetian's command. However, 14th-century Hungarian chronicles narrate that he fled up the
536:
narrowly escaped by fleeing, while all the
Hungarians rushed in crowds to surrender to King Henry and promised subjection and service. ... Not long afterwards Aba was taken prisoner by King Peter and paid the penalty of his crimes with his head.
318:. Since all Hungarian chronicles emphasize the Oriental – either "Cuman" or "Khwarezmian" – origin of the Abas, Gyula Kristó, László Szegfű and other historians propose that the Aba clan descending from them ruled the
490:. The funding of the tribute payment was through new taxes on the Christian prelates and seizure of Church estates. This policy caused discontent even among the members of Samuel's own council. He had a number of his councillors executed during
245:
Samuel as king. According to the unanimous narration of the
Hungarian chronicles, Samuel preferred commoners to noblemen, causing discontent among his former partisans. His execution of many opponents brought him into conflict with Bishop
558:
No report on the fate of Samuel's widow and children has been preserved. Even so, historians – including Gyula Kristó and László Szegfű – suppose that the powerful Aba family descended from him.
525:
where he was seized and murdered by the locals. The latter sources further state that Samuel was first buried in a nearby church, but was later transferred to his family's monastery at Abasár.
607:
data revealed the paternal ancestry of the Árpád dynasty originating from East
Eurasia, with potential Hun connections. In the archaeogenetic study, the Abas also demonstrated Asian Hun (
459:. Hungarian chronicles sharply criticized Samuel for socializing with the peasants instead of the nobles. Samuel even abolished some levies payable by the commoners.
394:, ascending to the throne. The new monarch preferred his German and Italian courtiers and set aside the native lords, including Samuel. In 1041, discontented
1627:
349:
which was recorded by
Hungarian chronicles. According to Gyula Kristó and other historians, Samuel's conversion coincided with the creation of the
451:
Samuel abolished all laws introduced by Peter the
Venetian and had many of his predecessor's supporters killed or tortured. The contemporaneous
584:
327:
337:
Despite the uncertainty over the clan's origins, Samuel undoubtedly descended from a distinguished family, since an unnamed sister of
1334:
1019:(Edited, Translated and Annotated by Martyn Rady and László Veszprémy). In: Rady, Martyn; Veszprémy, László; Bak, János M. (2010);
330:
around 895. Kristó argues that both Samuel's Khazar origin and his first name suggest that he was born to a family that adhered to
226:(because of Khazar-elite-link) Aba family converted to Christianity. King Stephen appointed Samuel to head the royal court as his
1447:
2027:
2022:
1184:
1046:
1028:
72:
1041:(selected sources translated and annotated with an introduction by I. S. Robinson) (2008); Manchester University Press;
395:
350:
238:
1881:
1857:
1203:
1161:
1142:
1123:
1104:
1085:
1060:
1888:
1875:
275:
1851:
1946:
1940:
1909:
299:
2012:
1934:
1897:
1863:
1719:
1327:
475:
415:
255:
1196:
Korai magyar történeti lexikon (9-14. század) (Encyclopedia of Early
Hungarian History (9th-14th centuries))
17:
1903:
1869:
1763:
1352:
588:
1135:
Levedi törzsszövetségétől Szent István államáig (From Levedi's Tribal
Federation to Saint Stephen's State)
2017:
1926:
1343:
356:
2002:
1958:
1663:
1644:
1076:
Bartl, Július; Čičaj, Viliam; Kohútova, Mária; Letz, Róbert; Segeš, Vladimír; Škvarna, Dušan (2002).
189:
between 1041 and 1044. He was born to a prominent family with extensive domains in the region of the
162:
1832:
1801:
1744:
1582:
1522:
1504:
1320:
1674:
1606:
1576:
1553:
1055:
Chronica de Gestis Hungarorum (Edited by Dezső Dercsényi) (1970). Corvina, Taplinger Publishing.
604:
410:
1952:
1694:
1546:
1516:
1480:
1272:
1255:
506:) refused to perform the annual ceremony of putting the royal crown upon the monarch's head at
231:
98:
88:
1570:
1700:
1612:
1561:
1528:
443:
48:
1594:
1540:
1534:
2007:
1997:
1964:
1793:
1755:
1738:
1682:
1655:
1600:
1588:
1474:
1457:
542:
514:
452:
419:
338:
259:
219:
41:
1636:
1510:
1498:
1404:
478:
in 1043. It forced Samuel to renounce all Hungarian territories to the west of the rivers
361:
8:
1807:
1711:
1492:
1294:
513:
King Henry III again invaded Hungary in 1044 to restore Peter the Venetian. The decisive
383:
227:
200:
587:, all of which had been previously studied through archaeogenetic analysis. In medieval
495:
368:
Samuel held important offices during the reign of King Stephen. Pál Engel proposes that
247:
1688:
1433:
1360:
592:
572:
463:
306:, and the 14th-century Hungarian chronicles describe the Aba kindred as descendants of
174:
1843:
1782:
1730:
1199:
1180:
1173:
1157:
1138:
1119:
1100:
1081:
1056:
1042:
1024:
1818:
1194:
Szegfű, László (1994). "Sámuel". In Kristó, Gyula; Engel, Pál; Makk, Ferenc (eds.).
576:
399:
990:
467:
424:
281:
212:
195:
303:
1262:
471:
342:
251:
186:
57:
1826:
379:
1774:
580:
483:
311:
994:
372:("Aba's new castle") was named after him, implying that he was also the first
291:
190:
1991:
1915:
625:
387:
369:
985:
revealed East Eurasian paternal origin to the Aba royal family of Hungary".
1222:
620:
307:
147:
326:
origin who joined the Hungarians in the middle of the 9th century, before
290:" chieftains, Ed and Edemen, who received "a great land in the forest of
204:
567:
Genetic samples from 19 individuals were collected at the necropolis in
1389:
1080:. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Slovenské Pedegogické Nakladatel'stvo.
787:
777:
775:
532:
295:
1312:
772:
568:
346:
133:
315:
1375:
583:
family, as well as to the first-generation immigrant elite of the
374:
250:. In 1044, Peter the Venetian returned with the assistance of the
242:
608:
503:
487:
386:. The death of King Stephen on 15 August 1038 led to his nephew,
331:
323:
223:
158:
142:
1097:
The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526
518:
382:. Samuel was a member of the royal council and became the first
266:. Samuel fled from the battlefield but was captured and killed.
263:
222:, the first King of Hungary. Thereafter the originally pagan or
596:
507:
479:
391:
319:
287:
1419:
1304:
522:
499:
208:
78:
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
918:
916:
884:
833:
831:
829:
707:
600:
491:
1017:
Anonymus, Notary of King Béla: The Deeds of the Hungarians
726:
724:
722:
682:
680:
678:
676:
644:
Anonymus, Notary of King Béla: The Deeds of the Hungarians
462:
Following his ousting, Peter the Venetian took refuge in
977:
965:
928:
913:
903:
901:
899:
826:
816:
814:
719:
697:
695:
673:
649:
230:. However, the king died in 1038, and the new monarch,
1075:
850:
848:
846:
793:
781:
218:
Around 1009, Samuel or his father married a sister of
1154:
Az Árpád-ház uralkodói (Rulers of the House of Árpád)
983:
896:
811:
799:
748:
692:
661:
1198:(in Hungarian). Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 592–593.
843:
760:
207:, modern historians write that the Abas headed the
1172:
1116:Millennium in Central Europe: A History of Hungary
736:
470:in 1042, provoking a retaliatory invasion by the
341:, who had in 1000 or 1001 been crowned the first
1989:
1039:Eleventh-Century Germany: The Swabian Chronicles
455:even called him "the tyrant of Hungary" in his
328:the Hungarians' arrival in the Carpathian Basin
215:and joined the Hungarians in the 9th century.
1328:
279:
258:, who defeated Samuel's larger army at the
1335:
1321:
1151:
971:
947:
922:
890:
837:
730:
713:
686:
655:
40:
269:
1078:Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon
409:
355:
1342:
1113:
820:
754:
302:around 900. The 13th-century historian
14:
1990:
1193:
1170:
1132:
907:
805:
701:
667:
494:. In order to punish the king, Bishop
286:, Samuel's family descended from two "
203:about the non-Hungarian origin of the
1316:
1094:
854:
766:
742:
486:as well as agree to the payment of a
1976:Debatable or disputed rulers are in
1152:Kristó, Gyula; Makk, Ferenc (1996).
1068:
1053:The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle:
378:, or head, of that fortress and the
241:dethroned Peter in 1041 and elected
185:1009 – 5 July 1044) reigned as
867:The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle
24:
1009:
405:
25:
2039:
595:are identified as descendants of
1626:
1156:(in Hungarian). I.P.C. Könyvek.
234:, removed Samuel from his post.
953:
872:
860:
1179:. Cambridge University Press.
1118:. Atlantisz Publishing House.
1035:Herman of Reichenau: Chronicle
960:Herman of Reichenau: Chronicle
879:Herman of Reichenau: Chronicle
637:
466:. In response, Samuel stormed
351:Roman Catholic Diocese of Eger
300:Grand Prince of the Hungarians
13:
1:
2028:11th-century Hungarian people
2023:10th-century Hungarian people
1232:
631:
416:Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor
360:Samuel Aba, King of Hungary (
211:tribes that seceded from the
182:
113:
1175:A Concise History of Hungary
611:) phylogenetic connections.
67:September 1041 – 5 July 1044
7:
614:
562:
10:
2044:
1927:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
1624:
1099:. I.B. Tauris Publishers.
1004:
531:help, rapidly crossed the
515:battle was fought at Ménfő
353:encompassing his domains.
193:. Based on reports in the
1974:
1925:
1842:
1817:
1792:
1773:
1754:
1729:
1710:
1673:
1654:
1635:
1467:
1368:
1359:
1350:
1301:
1292:
1284:
1279:
1269:
1260:
1252:
1247:
1216:
1137:(in Hungarian). Magvető.
1021:Anonymus and Master Roger
995:10.1101/2024.03.20.585718
553:
402:and elected Samuel king.
398:expelled King Peter in a
163:Chalcedonian Christianity
153:
141:
128:
120:
108:
104:
94:
84:
71:
63:
56:
39:
34:
1114:Kontler, László (1999).
1675:Capetian House of Anjou
1171:Molnár, Miklós (2001).
962:(year 1044), pp. 75–76.
605:whole genome sequencing
1697:(1382–1385; 1386–1395)
1483:(1038–1041; 1044–1046)
1133:Kristó, Gyula (1980).
972:Kristó & Makk 1996
948:Kristó & Makk 1996
923:Kristó & Makk 1996
891:Kristó & Makk 1996
838:Kristó & Makk 1996
731:Kristó & Makk 1996
714:Kristó & Makk 1996
687:Kristó & Makk 1996
656:Kristó & Makk 1996
551:
449:
429:
365:
280:
270:Origins and early life
178:
591:both the Aba and the
527:
444:Illuminated Chronicle
431:
425:Illuminated Chronicle
413:
380:county surrounding it
359:
49:Illuminated Chronicle
2013:Palatines of Hungary
1656:House of Wittelsbach
589:Hungarian chronicles
543:Hermann of Reichenau
453:Hermann of Reichenau
201:Hungarian chronicles
1712:House of Luxembourg
1344:Monarchs of Hungary
1295:Palatine of Hungary
1095:Engel, Pál (2001).
881:(year 1042), p. 73.
414:Samuel's defeat by
384:palatine of Hungary
1794:House of Jagiellon
1756:House of Jagiellon
1280:Political offices
716:, pp. 39, 62.
585:Hungarian conquest
430:
422:in 1044 (from the
396:Hungarian noblemen
366:
310:(himself a son of
232:Peter the Venetian
2018:Executed monarchs
1985:
1984:
1892:
1844:House of Habsburg
1731:House of Habsburg
1622:
1621:
1565:
1557:
1311:
1310:
1302:Succeeded by
1270:Succeeded by
1186:978-0-521-66736-4
1069:Secondary sources
1047:978-0-7190-7734-0
1029:978-963-9776-95-1
893:, pp. 65–66.
869:(ch. 75), p. 109.
796:, pp. 25–26.
794:Bartl et al. 2002
782:Bartl et al. 2002
362:Nádasdy Mausoleum
314:) by a lady from
274:According to the
168:
167:
16:(Redirected from
2035:
2003:Kings of Hungary
1887:
1819:House of Zápolya
1775:House of Hunyadi
1637:House of Přemysl
1630:
1560:
1552:
1366:
1365:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1314:
1313:
1285:Preceded by
1253:Preceded by
1243:
1236:
1234:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1190:
1178:
1167:
1148:
1129:
1110:
1091:
999:
998:
981:
975:
969:
963:
957:
951:
945:
926:
920:
911:
905:
894:
888:
882:
876:
870:
864:
858:
852:
841:
835:
824:
818:
809:
803:
797:
791:
785:
779:
770:
764:
758:
752:
746:
740:
734:
728:
717:
711:
705:
699:
690:
684:
671:
665:
659:
653:
647:
646:(ch. 32), p. 71.
641:
579:family, and the
549:
496:Gerard of Csanád
447:
285:
282:Gesta Hungarorum
276:anonymous author
248:Gerard of Csanád
213:Khazar Khaganate
196:Gesta Hungarorum
184:
181:; before 990 or
115:
46:Depicted in the
44:
32:
31:
21:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2032:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1970:
1921:
1838:
1813:
1788:
1769:
1750:
1725:
1706:
1669:
1650:
1631:
1618:
1463:
1355:
1346:
1341:
1307:
1298:
1290:
1275:
1266:
1263:King of Hungary
1258:
1237:
1227:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1206:
1187:
1164:
1145:
1126:
1107:
1088:
1071:
1066:
1012:
1010:Primary sources
1007:
1002:
982:
978:
970:
966:
958:
954:
946:
929:
921:
914:
906:
897:
889:
885:
877:
873:
865:
861:
853:
844:
836:
827:
819:
812:
804:
800:
792:
788:
780:
773:
765:
761:
753:
749:
741:
737:
729:
720:
712:
708:
700:
693:
685:
674:
666:
662:
654:
650:
642:
638:
634:
617:
565:
556:
550:
541:
448:
441:
420:Battle of Ménfő
408:
406:King of Hungary
343:King of Hungary
272:
260:battle of Ménfő
239:Hungarian lords
187:King of Hungary
137:
77:22 April 1044,
58:King of Hungary
52:
30:
29:King of Hungary
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2041:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1983:
1982:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1962:
1959:Francis Joseph
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1931:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1848:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1833:John Sigismund
1830:
1823:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1805:
1798:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1779:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1760:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1742:
1735:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1716:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1679:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1660:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1641:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1558:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1455:
1445:
1431:
1417:
1401:
1387:
1372:
1370:
1363:
1361:House of Árpád
1357:
1356:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1340:
1339:
1332:
1325:
1317:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1300:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1268:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1248:Regnal titles
1245:
1244:
1231:before 990 or
1220:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1204:
1191:
1185:
1168:
1162:
1149:
1143:
1130:
1124:
1111:
1105:
1092:
1086:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1050:
1032:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
1000:
976:
964:
952:
927:
912:
910:, p. 593.
895:
883:
871:
859:
842:
825:
810:
798:
786:
771:
759:
747:
735:
718:
706:
704:, p. 592.
691:
672:
670:, p. 456.
660:
648:
635:
633:
630:
629:
628:
623:
616:
613:
599:, King of the
573:House of Árpád
564:
561:
555:
552:
539:
472:German monarch
439:
407:
404:
322:, a people of
312:Attila the Hun
271:
268:
252:German monarch
166:
165:
155:
151:
150:
145:
139:
138:
132:
130:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
112:before 990 or
110:
106:
105:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
75:
69:
68:
65:
61:
60:
54:
53:
45:
37:
36:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2040:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1979:
1973:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1917:
1916:Maria Theresa
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:Ferdinand III
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
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1802:Vladislaus II
1800:
1799:
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1583:Ladislaus III
1581:
1578:
1575:
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1569:
1563:
1559:
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1369:Grand Princes
1367:
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1205:963-05-6722-9
1201:
1197:
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1188:
1182:
1177:
1176:
1169:
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1163:963-7930-97-3
1159:
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1144:963-271-154-8
1140:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1125:963-9165-37-9
1121:
1117:
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1108:
1106:1-86064-061-3
1102:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1087:0-86516-444-4
1083:
1079:
1074:
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1062:
1061:0-8008-4015-1
1058:
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1036:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1023:; CEU Press;
1022:
1018:
1015:
1014:
996:
992:
988:
980:
974:, p. 67.
973:
968:
961:
956:
950:, p. 66.
949:
944:
942:
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938:
936:
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925:, p. 65.
924:
919:
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909:
904:
902:
900:
892:
887:
880:
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868:
863:
857:, p. 29.
856:
851:
849:
847:
840:, p. 64.
839:
834:
832:
830:
823:, p. 59.
822:
817:
815:
808:, p. 26.
807:
802:
795:
790:
784:, p. 26.
783:
778:
776:
769:, p. 40.
768:
763:
757:, p. 56.
756:
751:
745:, p. 41.
744:
739:
733:, p. 63.
732:
727:
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723:
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710:
703:
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689:, p. 62.
688:
683:
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657:
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593:Árpád dynasty
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388:Peter Orseolo
385:
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344:
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329:
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304:Simon of Kéza
301:
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70:
66:
62:
59:
55:
51:
50:
43:
38:
33:
27:
19:
1977:
1889:Ferdinand IV
1884:(1637–1657)
1876:Ferdinand II
1764:Vladislaus I
1607:Ladislaus IV
1554:Ladislaus II
1549:(1162–1172)
1486:
1451:
1441:
1437:
1427:
1423:
1413:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1393:
1383:
1379:
1299:before 1041
1293:
1287:
1261:
1239:
1228:
1223:House of Aba
1221:
1195:
1174:
1153:
1134:
1115:
1096:
1077:
1052:
1038:
1034:
1020:
1016:
986:
979:
967:
959:
955:
886:
878:
874:
866:
862:
821:Kontler 1999
801:
789:
762:
755:Kontler 1999
750:
738:
709:
663:
651:
643:
639:
621:Aba (family)
566:
557:
546:
529:
528:
512:
498:(modern-day
461:
456:
450:
442:
434:
432:
423:
373:
367:
336:
273:
236:
217:
194:
170:
169:
148:House of Aba
47:
26:
2008:Aba (genus)
1998:1044 deaths
1967:(1916–1918)
1961:(1848–1916)
1955:(1835–1848)
1953:Ferdinand V
1949:(1792–1835)
1943:(1790–1792)
1937:(1780–1790)
1918:(1740–1780)
1912:(1711–1740)
1910:Charles III
1906:(1705–1711)
1900:(1657–1705)
1891:(1647–1654)
1878:(1619–1637)
1872:(1608–1619)
1870:Matthias II
1866:(1576–1608)
1860:(1564–1576)
1854:(1526–1564)
1852:Ferdinand I
1835:(1540–1570)
1829:(1526–1540)
1810:(1516–1526)
1804:(1490–1516)
1785:(1458–1490)
1766:(1440–1444)
1747:(1440–1457)
1745:Ladislaus V
1741:(1437–1439)
1722:(1387–1437)
1703:(1385–1386)
1691:(1342–1382)
1685:(1308–1342)
1666:(1305–1307)
1647:(1301–1305)
1615:(1290–1301)
1609:(1272–1290)
1603:(1270–1272)
1597:(1235–1270)
1591:(1205–1235)
1585:(1204–1205)
1579:(1196–1204)
1573:(1172–1196)
1564:(1163–1165)
1556:(1162–1163)
1547:Stephen III
1543:(1141–1162)
1537:(1131–1141)
1531:(1116–1131)
1525:(1095–1116)
1519:(1077–1095)
1517:Ladislaus I
1513:(1074–1077)
1507:(1063–1074)
1501:(1060–1063)
1495:(1046–1060)
1489:(1041–1044)
1477:(1000–1038)
1353:Family tree
1288:first known
1242:5 July 1044
1218:Samuel Aba
908:Szegfű 1994
806:Molnár 2001
702:Szegfű 1994
668:Kristó 1980
603:. Detailed
523:river Tisza
400:coup d'état
191:Mátra Hills
124:5 July 1044
85:Predecessor
1992:Categories
1965:Charles IV
1941:Leopold II
1858:Maximilian
1783:Matthias I
1701:Charles II
1645:Wenceslaus
1613:Andrew III
1562:Stephen IV
1529:Stephen II
1460:(997–1000)
1454:. 972–997)
1267:1041–1044
855:Engel 2001
767:Engel 2001
743:Engel 2001
632:References
601:Hun empire
533:River Raab
205:Aba family
199:and other
179:Aba Sámuel
171:Samuel Aba
73:Coronation
18:Sámuel Aba
1935:Joseph II
1898:Leopold I
1720:Sigismund
1683:Charles I
1601:Stephen V
1589:Andrew II
1475:Stephen I
547:Chronicle
476:Henry III
457:Chronicon
433:...
339:Stephen I
256:Henry III
220:Stephen I
175:Hungarian
157:Pagan or
136:, Hungary
95:Successor
1904:Joseph I
1808:Louis II
1571:Béla III
1493:Andrew I
626:Abaújvár
615:See also
563:Genetics
540:—
440:—
370:Abaújvár
316:Khwarezm
228:palatine
154:Religion
1978:italics
1947:Francis
1864:Rudolph
1689:Louis I
1595:Béla IV
1541:Géza II
1535:Béla II
1523:Coloman
1505:Solomon
1458:Stephen
1434:Taksony
1005:Sources
987:bioRxiv
609:Xiongnu
581:Hunyadi
577:Báthory
504:Romania
488:tribute
468:Austria
464:Germany
418:in the
364:, 1664)
332:Judaism
294:" from
278:of the
224:Judaism
159:Judaism
1739:Albert
1577:Emeric
1511:Géza I
1499:Béla I
1487:Samuel
1444:. 972)
1440:. 955–
1430:. 955)
1426:. 947–
1416:. 947)
1412:. 907–
1405:Zoltán
1400:. 907)
1396:. 895–
1386:. 895)
1382:. 850–
1238:
1202:
1183:
1160:
1141:
1122:
1103:
1084:
1059:
1045:
1037:. In:
1027:
597:Attila
575:, the
569:Abasár
554:Family
508:Easter
484:Morava
480:Leitha
392:Venice
347:Abasár
324:Khazar
320:Kabars
134:Abasár
129:Burial
79:Csanád
35:Samuel
1695:Maria
1481:Peter
1468:Kings
1420:Fajsz
1390:Árpád
1376:Álmos
1305:Zache
1273:Peter
1256:Peter
1240:Died:
1229:Born:
517:near
500:Cenad
375:ispán
308:Csaba
296:Árpád
292:Mátra
288:Cuman
262:near
243:Ispán
209:Kabar
161:then
143:House
99:Peter
89:Peter
64:Reign
1827:John
1664:Otto
1448:Géza
1235:1009
1200:ISBN
1181:ISBN
1158:ISBN
1139:ISBN
1120:ISBN
1101:ISBN
1082:ISBN
1057:ISBN
1043:ISBN
1025:ISBN
519:Győr
492:Lent
482:and
264:Győr
237:The
121:Died
116:1009
109:Born
991:doi
390:of
1994::
1233:c.
989:.
930:^
915:^
898:^
845:^
828:^
813:^
774:^
721:^
694:^
675:^
545::
510:.
502:,
474:,
334:.
298:,
254:,
183:c.
177::
114:c.
1980:.
1452:c
1450:(
1442:c
1438:c
1436:(
1428:c
1424:c
1422:(
1414:c
1410:c
1408:(
1398:c
1394:c
1392:(
1384:c
1380:c
1378:(
1336:e
1329:t
1322:v
1208:.
1189:.
1166:.
1147:.
1128:.
1109:.
1090:.
1063:.
1049:.
1031:.
997:.
993::
428:)
173:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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