36:
60:
178:
84:, which can permanently damage the retina and lead to blindness. The retina is the eye's "sensing" tissue. Retinitis may be caused by a number of different infectious agents. Its most common form, called retinitis pigmentosa, has a prevalence of one in every 2,500–7,000 people. This condition is one of the leading causes that leads to blindness in patients in the age range of 20–60 years old.
146:
There are two types of the disease: retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. Both conditions result in the swelling and damage to the retina. However, the key difference is that RP is a genetic problem inherited from one or both of parents. On the other hand, CMVR develops from
115:
The first symptom of this disease is usually a slow loss of vision, especially that of night vision, making it harder to drive in the dark. Later signs include loss of peripheral vision, leading to tunnel vision. In some cases, symptoms are experienced in only one of the eyes. Experiencing floaters,
124:
Retinitis is a genotypic disease which entails severe phenotypic representation. Types of it are currently considered the most complex forms of retinal disease. Such complexity in disease and incurability results from its complex mechanism. Retinitis is controlled by a single gene which can be
163:
It is extremely important to see an ophthalmologist regularly. While supplements mentioned above may help reduce the symptoms, retinitis itself is not curable. Additionally, devices such as low-vision magnifiers can be used to aid vision in patients with despaired vision due to retinitis.
238:
Current research on retinitis includes studying stem cells, medications, gene therapies, and transplants to help treat/cure this condition. One study including patients with retinitis was conducted by using gene therapy.
133:
Although there has been extensive research in the past decades on the disease, there is still no evidence-based therapies for this condition which is often diagnosed at an early age, usually in teenagers or young adults.
164:
Rehabilitation services may also aid the patient so that patients may use their vision in a more effective way. Lastly, it is advisable to wear sunglasses even on gloomy days to protect the eyes from UV radiation.
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372:
137:
To make a specific diagnosis, intraocular fluid samples may be taken and sent for analysis. In some cases, blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are also tested. Imaging may be done to help make the diagnosis.
155:
Research indicates that some supplements, especially vitamin A, lutein, and omega-3 fatty acids, may slow down the progression of the disease and alleviate symptoms temporarily.
125:
inherited via an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked gene. In many cases, individuals with retinitis have parents or other relatives unaffected by the disease.
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840:
147:
a viral infection in the retina. While there is no cure for the disease, there are steps you can take to protect your vision from worsening.
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patients. Candida spreading to the retina from the bloodstream usually results in the production of several retinal
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flashes, blurred vision and loss of side vision in just one eye may be an early indication of onset of retinitis.
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Parmeggiani, F. (2011). Clinics, Epidemiology and
Genetics of Retinitis Pigmentosa.
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Kumar, Vinay (2007). "Retina and
Vitreous, Other Retinal Degenerations, Retinitis".
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https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/retinitis-types-symptoms-treatment#1
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99:. Cytomegalovirus retinitis is an important cause of blindness in
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262:(24th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders. p. 2195.
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Retinitis may be caused by several infectious agents, including
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Retinitis. (n.d.). Retrieved
December 12, 2017, from
354:
1494:
1439:arteritic anterior (AAION or arteritic AION)
292:(8th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier.
1985:
460:
446:
1513:Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia
841:Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy
500:
206:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
43:Retinitis caused by CMV (fundus photograph)
453:
439:
58:
34:
345:http://doi.org/10.2174/138920211795860080
226:Learn how and when to remove this message
314:"Retinitis Pigmentosa Research Advances"
283:
281:
279:
255:
1986:
1950:
1346:
749:
478:
434:
287:
110:
1321:Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy
276:
249:
204:adding citations to reliable sources
171:
1444:non-arteritic anterior (NAION)
1281:Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy
13:
1316:Persistent tunica vasculosa lentis
167:
14:
2005:
1044:Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy
350:
1149:Central retinal artery occlusion
176:
1994:Disorders of choroid and retina
1154:Branch retinal artery occlusion
883:Terrien's marginal degeneration
1951:
1184:Bietti's crystalline dystrophy
1144:Central retinal vein occlusion
873:Pellucid marginal degeneration
306:
1:
1237:Vitelliform macular dystrophy
1128:Posterior vitreous detachment
994:Persistent pupillary membrane
318:Foundation Fighting Blindness
242:
150:
1724:Leber's congenital amaurosis
1635:Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
1347:
1326:Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease
1311:Persistent fetal vasculature
1242:Leber's congenital amaurosis
158:
128:
119:
7:
523:Meibomian gland dysfunction
10:
2010:
1247:Birdshot chorioretinopathy
1221:Central serous retinopathy
1039:Focal choroidal excavation
912:Corneal neovascularization
729:Subconjunctival hemorrhage
479:
15:
1959:
1946:
1917:
1864:
1829:
1789:
1714:
1701:
1652:
1630:Convergence insufficiency
1617:
1558:
1526:
1503:
1473:
1414:
1372:
1359:
1355:
1342:
1271:Primary juvenile glaucoma
1255:
1116:Cytomegalovirus retinitis
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465:Diseases of the human eye
358:
47:
42:
33:
28:
1140:Ocular ischemic syndrome
141:
16:Not to be confused with
1640:One and a half syndrome
1394:Foster Kennedy syndrome
290:Robbins basic pathology
1879:Argyll Robertson pupil
679:Periorbital cellulitis
259:Goldman-Cecil Medicine
1852:Scintillating scotoma
1518:Kearns–Sayre syndrome
1461:Toxic and nutritional
1434:posterior (PION)
917:Kayser–Fleischer ring
256:Goldman, Lee (2011).
1625:Conjugate gaze palsy
1496:Paralytic strabismus
1429:anterior (AION)
1211:Retinitis pigmentosa
1206:Macular degeneration
979:Intermediate uveitis
895:Keratoconjunctivitis
200:improve this section
1930:Childhood blindness
1909:Parinaud's syndrome
1479:Extraocular muscles
1267:Ocular hypertension
1231:Epiretinal membrane
1216:Retinal haemorrhage
1071:Congenital cataract
1456:Leber's hereditary
1123:Retinal detachment
1076:Childhood cataract
888:Post-LASIK ectasia
669:Orbital cellulitis
618:Lacrimal apparatus
111:Symptoms and signs
1981:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1884:Marcus Gunn pupil
1860:
1859:
1781:Visual impairment
1648:
1647:
1554:
1553:
1541:Fourth-nerve (IV)
1469:
1468:
1406:Optic disc drusen
1338:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1052:
1051:
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939:
846:Corneal dystrophy
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428:
427:
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23:Medical condition
2001:
1948:
1947:
1712:
1711:
1703:Vision disorders
1662:Refractive error
1604:Brown's syndrome
1560:Other strabismus
1546:Sixth-nerve (VI)
1536:Oculomotor (III)
1508:Ophthalmoparesis
1501:
1500:
1492:
1491:
1483:Binocular vision
1416:Optic neuropathy
1382:optic papillitis
1370:
1369:
1357:
1356:
1344:
1343:
1233:(Macular pucker)
951:
950:
932:Band keratopathy
769:
768:
760:
759:
747:
746:
674:Orbital lymphoma
561:Blepharophimosis
551:Blepharochalasis
498:
497:
489:
488:
476:
475:
455:
448:
441:
432:
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356:
355:
337:Current Genomics
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1984:
1983:
1982:
1973:
1955:
1934:
1913:
1856:
1825:
1785:
1739:Color blindness
1705:
1697:
1644:
1618:Other binocular
1613:
1550:
1522:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1465:
1410:
1363:
1351:
1330:
1286:Ocular hypotony
1251:
1111:Chorioretinitis
1092:
1048:
1032:Chorioretinitis
1008:
989:Rubeosis iridis
967:
936:
907:Corneal opacity
863:Corneal ectasia
790:
754:
733:
719:Pseudopterygium
683:
645:
608:
575:
571:Ankyloblepharon
527:
483:
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168:Recent research
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93:cytomegalovirus
57:
24:
21:
12:
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5:
2007:
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1969:Onchocerciasis
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1821:Quadrantanopia
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1811:
1806:
1795:
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1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1770:
1769:
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1766:Oguchi disease
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1609:Duane syndrome
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1412:
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1385:
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1377:Optic neuritis
1373:
1367:
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1352:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1323:
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1313:
1308:
1306:Phthisis bulbi
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1283:
1278:
1273:
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1234:
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1208:
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1189:Coats' disease
1186:
1181:
1179:of prematurity
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1171:
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1151:
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1132:
1131:
1130:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1102:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1088:Ectopia lentis
1085:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1062:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1036:
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1024:
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1016:
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1007:
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986:
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948:
946:Vascular tunic
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919:
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904:
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890:
885:
880:
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870:
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858:
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838:
833:
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831:
829:Photokeratitis
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811:
800:
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791:
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734:
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731:
726:
721:
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709:
702:Conjunctivitis
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693:
691:
685:
684:
682:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
655:
653:
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646:
644:
643:
638:
636:Dacryocystitis
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628:
626:Dacryoadenitis
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359:Classification
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351:External links
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348:
347:
343:(4), 236–237.
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299:978-1416029731
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269:978-1437727883
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1744:Achromatopsia
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1684:Anisometropia
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1488:
1487:Accommodation
1484:
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1427:
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1419:
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1407:
1404:
1402:
1401:Optic atrophy
1399:
1395:
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1327:
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1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1301:Keratomycosis
1299:
1297:
1296:Globe rupture
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
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1264:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1226:Macular edema
1224:
1222:
1219:
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1214:
1212:
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1141:
1138:
1136:
1135:Retinoschisis
1133:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1022:Choroideremia
1020:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1005:
1002:
1000:
999:Iridodialysis
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
971:
969:
964:
961:
959:
956:
955:
952:
949:
947:
943:
933:
930:
928:
927:Arcus senilis
925:
923:
922:Haab's striae
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
901:
898:
897:
896:
893:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
865:
864:
861:
857:
854:
852:
849:
848:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
836:Corneal ulcer
834:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
814:acanthamoebic
812:
810:
807:
806:
805:
802:
801:
799:
797:
793:
787:
784:
782:
779:
778:
776:
774:
770:
767:
765:
764:Fibrous tunic
761:
757:
753:
748:
744:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
708:
705:
704:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
692:
690:
686:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
656:
654:
652:
648:
642:
641:Xerophthalmia
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
623:
621:
619:
615:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
586:
584:
582:
578:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
546:Lagophthalmos
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
533:
530:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
505:
503:
499:
496:
494:
490:
486:
482:
477:
473:
466:
463:
462:
456:
451:
449:
444:
442:
437:
436:
433:
420:
416:
415:
411:
409:
405:
404:
400:
398:
394:
393:
389:
385:
383:
379:
378:
374:
370:
369:
366:
361:
357:
346:
342:
338:
334:
332:
328:
327:
319:
315:
309:
301:
295:
291:
284:
282:
280:
271:
265:
261:
260:
252:
248:
240:
230:
227:
219:
209:
205:
201:
195:
194:
190:
185:This section
183:
179:
174:
173:
165:
156:
148:
139:
135:
126:
117:
108:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
89:toxoplasmosis
85:
83:
79:
75:
71:
61:
55:
54:Ophthalmology
52:
50:
46:
41:
37:
32:
27:
19:
1779: /
1775: /
1754:Monochromacy
1686: /
1582:Heterophoria
1570: /
1269: /
1265: /
1169:hypertensive
1142: /
1105:
963:Ciliary body
878:Keratoglobus
786:Episcleritis
664:Enophthalmos
659:Exophthalmos
604:Trichomegaly
599:Distichiasis
501:Inflammation
412:
401:
386:
371:
340:
336:
317:
308:
289:
257:
251:
237:
222:
216:January 2020
213:
198:Please help
186:
162:
154:
145:
136:
132:
123:
114:
86:
74:inflammation
69:
68:
1904:Cycloplegia
1847:Photophobia
1842:Hemeralopia
1799:Hemianopsia
1777:Vision loss
1688:Aniseikonia
1679:Astigmatism
1599:Cyclotropia
1577:Hypertropia
1389:Papilledema
1361:Optic nerve
1194:Sickle cell
1174:Purtscher's
1159:Retinopathy
1027:Choroiditis
868:Keratoconus
689:Conjunctiva
566:Xanthelasma
518:Blepharitis
1953:Infections
1874:Anisocoria
1837:Asthenopia
1830:subjective
1814:homonymous
1809:bitemporal
1761:Nyctalopia
1749:Dichromacy
1693:Presbyopia
1654:Refraction
1475:Strabismus
1365:Optic disc
724:Pinguecula
589:Trichiasis
243:References
151:Prevention
1925:Nystagmus
1899:Mydriasis
1773:Blindness
1719:Amblyopia
1707:Blindness
1667:Hyperopia
1592:Exophoria
1587:Esophoria
1572:Exotropia
1568:Esotropia
1106:Retinitis
804:Keratitis
781:Scleritis
714:Pterygium
594:Madarosis
541:Ectropion
536:Entropion
513:Chalazion
419:399463004
414:SNOMED CT
187:does not
159:Treatment
129:Diagnosis
120:Mechanism
105:abscesses
70:Retinitis
49:Specialty
29:Retinitis
18:Retinitus
1988:Category
1964:Trachoma
1729:Diplopia
1424:Ischemic
1349:Pathways
1263:Glaucoma
1164:diabetic
1066:Cataract
1004:Synechia
856:Meesmann
824:Exposure
809:herpetic
707:allergic
697:Chemosis
631:Epiphora
1804:binasal
1791:Anopsia
1734:Scotoma
1528:palsies
1291:Red eye
1276:Floater
1083:Aphakia
1014:Choroid
984:Hyphema
974:Uveitis
581:Eyelash
408:D012173
208:removed
193:sources
97:candida
80:in the
76:of the
1894:Miosis
1672:Myopia
1451:Kjer's
1199:photic
1098:Retina
851:Fuchs'
819:fungal
796:Cornea
773:Sclera
556:Ptosis
493:Eyelid
481:Adnexa
397:363.20
296:
266:
78:retina
56:
1918:Other
1866:Pupil
1256:Other
900:sicca
752:Globe
651:Orbit
382:H30.9
142:Types
1058:Lens
958:Iris
508:Stye
403:MeSH
392:9-CM
294:ISBN
264:ISBN
191:any
189:cite
101:AIDS
95:and
388:ICD
373:ICD
202:by
82:eye
72:is
1990::
417::
406::
395::
380::
377:10
341:12
339:,
316:.
278:^
107:.
91:,
454:e
447:t
440:v
390:-
375:-
365:D
320:.
302:.
272:.
229:)
223:(
218:)
214:(
210:.
196:.
20:.
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