Poverty threshold - Knowledge

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organizations and charities, to decide who needs assistance. The assistance can take many forms, but it is often difficult to put in place any type of aid without measurements which provide data. In a rapidly evolving economic climate, poverty assessment often aids developed countries in determining the efficacy of their programs and guiding their development strategy. In addition, by measuring poverty one receives knowledge of which poverty reduction strategies work and which do not, helping to evaluate different projects, policies and institutions. To a large extent, measuring the poor and having strategies to do so keep the poor on the agenda, making the problem of political and moral concern.

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increased the costs to $ 326 for people not in expanded states. The same study analyzed showed 2.6 million people were kept out of poverty by the effects of Medicaid. From a 2013–2015 study, expansion states showed a smaller gap in health insurance between households making below $ 25,000 and above $ 75,000. Expansion also significantly reduced the gap of having a primary care physician between impoverished and higher income individuals. In terms of education level and employment, health insurance differences were also reduced. Non-expansion also showed poor residents went from a 22% chance of being uninsured to 66% from 2013 to 2015.

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Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) found that nearly 40% of 20-year-olds received food stamps at some point before they turned 65. This indicates that many Americans will dip below the poverty line sometime during adulthood, but will not necessarily remain there for the rest of their life. Furthermore, 44% of individuals who are given transfer benefits (other than Social Security) in one year do not receive them the next. Over 90% of Americans who receive transfers from the government stop receiving them within 10 years, indicating that the population living below the poverty threshold is in flux and does not remain constant.

597:), but still significantly lower than that of the majority of the population under consideration. An example of this could be a person living in poor conditions or squalid housing in a high crime area of a developed country and struggling to pay their bills every month due to low wages, debt or unemployment. While this person still benefits from the infrastructure of the developed country, they still endure a less than ideal lifestyle compared to their more affluent countrymen or even the more affluent individuals in less developed countries who have lower living costs. 237: 329: 653:

addition, if the data were correct and accurate, it would still not mean serving as an adequate measure of the living standards, the well-being or economic position of a given family or household. Research done by Haughton and Khandker finds that there is no ideal measure of well-being, arguing that all measures of poverty are imperfect. That is not to say that measuring poverty should be avoided; rather, all indicators of poverty should be approached with caution, and questions about how they are formulated should be raised.

488:"Once economic development has progressed beyond a certain minimum level, the rub of the poverty problem – from the point of view of both the poor individual and of the societies in which they live – is not so much the effects of poverty in any absolute form but the effects of the contrast, daily perceived, between the lives of the poor and the lives of those around them. For practical purposes, the problem of poverty in the industrialized nations today is a problem of relative poverty (page 9)." 835:

43,430 for a family of 8, in the lower 48 states. Another issue is reduced-cost coverage. These reductions are based on income relative to FPL, and work in connection with public health services such as Medicaid. The divisions of FPL percentages are nominally, above 400%, below 138% and below 100% of the FPL. After the advent of the American Care Act, Medicaid was expanded on states bases. For example, enrolling in the ACA kept the benefits of Medicaid when the income was up to 138% of the FPL.

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Hispanics. According to the current US Poverty statistics, Black Americans – 21%, Foreign born non-citizens – 19%, Hispanic Americans – 18%, and adults with a disability – 25%. This does not include all minority groups, but these groups alone account for 85% of people under the poverty line in the United States. Whites have a poverty rate of 8.7%; the poverty rate is more than double for Black and Hispanic Americans.

414: 823:(FPL) is due to its action for distributive purposes under the direction of Health and Human Services. So FPL is a tool derived from the threshold but can be used to show eligibility for certain federal programs. Federal poverty levels have direct effects on individuals' healthcare. In the past years and into the present government, the use of the poverty threshold has consequences for such programs like 806:

affect the extent to which one can continue and fully take advantage of his or her education. Poor students in the United States are more likely to dropout of school at some point in their education. Research has also found that children living in poverty perform poorly academically and have lower graduation rates. Impoverished children also experience more disciplinary issues in school than others.

895:(Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, also known as food stamps) and housing subsidies are included in a household's income. Studies measuring the differences between income before and after taxes and government transfers, have found that without social support programs, poverty would be roughly 30% to 40% higher than the official poverty line indicates. 313:

overriding objective of national and international development policy. The basic needs approach to development was endorsed by governments and workers' and employers' organizations from all over the world. It influenced the programs and policies of major multilateral and bilateral development agencies, and was the precursor to the human development approach."

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income can be used when measuring the gap between initial income and the living income benchmarks. The World Bank notes that poverty and standard of living can be measured by social perception as well, and found that in 2015, roughly one-third of the world's population was considered poor in relation to their particular society.

266:(PPP). The new figure of $ 1.90 is based on ICP PPP calculations and represents the international equivalent of what $ 1.90 could buy in the US in 2011. Most scholars agree that it better reflects today's reality, particularly new price levels in developing countries. The common IPL has in the past been roughly $ 1 a day. 735:

month (approximately US$ 7.50) In 2019, the Indian government stated that 6.7% of its population is below its official poverty limit. As India is one of the fastest-growing economies in 2018, poverty is on the decline in the country, with close to 44 Indians escaping extreme poverty every minute, as per the

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Schools in impoverished communities usually do not receive much funding, which can also set their students apart from those living in more affluent neighborhoods. There is much dispute over whether upward mobility that brings a child out of poverty may or may not have a significant positive impact on

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The net annual income required for a household in a particular place to afford a decent standard of living for all members of that household. Elements of a decent standard of living include food, water, housing, education, healthcare, transport, clothing, and other essential needs including provision

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Yet, Singapore is not considering establishing an official poverty line, with Minister for Social and Family Development Chan Chun Sing claiming it would fail to represent the magnitude and scope of problems faced by the poor. As a result, social benefits and aids aimed at the poor would be a missed

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A person can be poor in relative terms but not in absolute terms as the person might be able to meet her/his basic needs, but not be able to enjoy the same standards of living that other people in the same economy are enjoying. Relative poverty is thus a form of social exclusion that can for example

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A traditional list of immediate "basic needs" is food (including water), shelter, and clothing. Many modern lists emphasize the minimum level of consumption of 'basic needs' of not just food, water, and shelter, but also sanitation, education, and health care. Different agencies use different lists.

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intake and nutritional balance necessary, before people get ill or lose weight. He considered this amount to set his poverty line and concluded that 27.84% of the total population of York lived below this poverty line. This result corresponded with that from Booth's study of poverty in London and so

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Like the poverty line calculation, using a single global monetary calculation for Living Income is problematic when applied worldwide. Additionally, the Living Income should be adjusted quarterly due to inflation and other significant changes such as currency adjustments. The actual income or proxy

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Relative poverty measurements unlike absolute poverty measurements take the social economic environment of the people observed into consideration. It is based on the assumption that whether a person is considered poor depends on her/his income share relative to the income shares of other people who

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for an apartment, usually makes up the largest proportion of this estimate, so economists track the real estate market and other housing cost indicators as a major influence on the poverty line. Individual factors are often used to account for various circumstances, such as whether one is a parent,

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Living above or below the poverty threshold is not necessarily a position in which an individual remains static. As many as one in three impoverished people were not poor at birth; rather, they descended into poverty over the course of their life. Additionally, a study which analyzed data from the

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In the United States, the poverty thresholds are updated every year by Census Bureau. The threshold in the United States is updated and used for statistical purposes. In 2020, in the United States, the poverty threshold for a single person under 65 was an annual income of US$ 12,760, or about $ 35

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Inequality has however increased dramatically over the same time span, yet there is no official poverty line in the country. Given Singapore's high level of growth and prosperity, many believe that poverty does not exist in the country, or that domestic poverty is not comparable to global absolute

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In 2008 Iran government report by central statistics had recommended 9.5 around million people living below poverty line. As of August 2022 the Iranian economy suffered the highest inflation in 75 years; official statistics put the poverty line at 10 million tomans ($ 500), while the minimum wage

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In the UK in 2006, "more than five million people – over a fifth (23 percent) of all employees – were paid less than £6.67 an hour". This value is based on a low pay rate of 60 percent of full-time median earnings, equivalent to a little over £12,000 a year for a 35-hour working week. In

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National estimates are based on population-weighted subgroup estimates from household surveys. Definitions of the poverty line do vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations. Even among rich nations, the standards

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published his famous definition: "individuals... can be said to be in poverty when they lack the resources to obtain the types of diet, participate in the activities and have the living conditions and amenities which are customary, or are at least widely encouraged or approved, in the societies to

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The benefits and qualifications for federal programs are dependent on number of people on a plan and the income of the total group. For 2019, the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services enumerate what the line is for different families. For a single person, the line is $ 12,490 and up to $

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Women and children find themselves impacted by poverty more often when a part of single mother families. The poverty rate of women has increasingly exceeded that of men's. While the overall poverty rate is 12.3%, women poverty rate is 13.8% which is above the average and men are below the overall

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In 1964, in a joint committee economic President's report in the United States, Republicans endorsed the concept of relative poverty: "No objective definition of poverty exists. ... The definition varies from place to place and time to time. In America as our standard of living rises, so does our

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Using a single monetary poverty threshold is problematic when applied worldwide, due to the difficulty of comparing prices between countries. Prices of the same goods vary dramatically from country to country; while this is typically corrected for by using PPP exchange rates, the basket of goods

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between 1963 and 1964. She attributed the poverty threshold as a measure of income inadequacy by taking the cost of food plan per family of three or four and multiplying it by a factor of three. In 1969 the inter agency poverty level review committee adjusted the threshold for only price changes.

163:). In addition, as of 2022, $ 3.65 per day in PPP for lower-middle income countries, and $ 6.85 per day in PPP for upper-middle income countries. Per the $ 1.90/day standard, the percentage of the global population living in absolute poverty fell from over 80% in 1800 to 10% by 2015, according to 805:

Living below the poverty threshold can have a major impact on a child's education. The psychological stresses induced by poverty may affect a student's ability to perform well academically. In addition, the risk of poor health is more prevalent for those living in poverty. Health issues commonly

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India's official poverty level as of 2005 is split according to rural versus urban thresholds. For urban dwellers, the poverty line is defined as living on less than 538.60 rupees (approximately US$ 12) per month, whereas for rural dwellers, it is defined as living on less than 356.35 rupees per

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It is hard to have exact number for poverty, as much data is collected through interviews, meaning income that is reported to the interviewer must be taken at face value. As a result, data could not rightly represent the situations true nature, nor fully represent the income earned illegally. In

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As a result, depending on the indicator of economic status used, an estimate of who is disadvantaged, which groups have the highest poverty rates, and the nation's progress against poverty varies significantly. Hence, this can mean that defining poverty is not just a matter of measuring things

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required to satisfy those needs. The 'basic needs' approach was introduced by the International Labour Organization's World Employment Conference in 1976. "Perhaps the high point of the WEP was the World Employment Conference of 1976, which proposed the satisfaction of basic human needs as the

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is decreased by 5.3%, and Hispanic and Black poverty by 6.1% and 4.9% respectively. The reduction of family poverty also has the highest decrease with Medicaid over other public assistance programs. Expanding state Medicaid decreased the amount individuals paid by an average of $ 42, while it

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Living Income refers to the income needed to afford a decent standard of living in the place one lives. The distinguishing feature between a living income and the poverty line is the concept of decency, wherein people thrive, not only survive. Based on years of stakeholder dialogue and expert

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In 1978, Ghai investigated the literature that criticized the basic needs approach. Critics argued that the basic needs approach lacked scientific rigour; it was consumption-oriented and antigrowth. Some considered it to be "a recipe for perpetuating economic backwardness" and for giving the

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The US Census Bureau calculates the poverty line the same throughout the US regardless of the cost-of-living in a state or urban area. For instance, the cost-of-living in California, the most populous state, was 42% greater than the US average in 2010, while the cost-of-living in Texas, the

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A minority group is defined as "a category of people who experience relative disadvantage as compared to members of a dominant social group." Minorities are traditionally separated into the following groups: African Americans, American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asians, Pacific Islanders, and

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An outdated or flawed poverty measure is an obstacle for policymakers, researchers and academics trying to find solutions to the problem of poverty. This has implications for people. The federal poverty line is used by dozens of federal, state, and local agencies, as well as several private

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consultations, the Living Income Community of Practice, an open learning community, established the formal definition of living income drawing on the work of Richard and Martha Anker, who co-authored "Living Wages Around the World: Manual for Measurement". They define a living income as:

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defines "poverty" as being below some relative poverty threshold. For example, the statement that "those individuals who are employed and whose household equivalised disposable income is below 60% of national median equivalised income are poor" uses a relative measure to define poverty.

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in Copenhagen in 1995, absolute poverty is "a condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, shelter, education, and information. It depends not only on income, but also on access to services."

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rate at 11.1%. Women and children (as single mother families) find themselves as a part of low class communities because they are 21.6% more likely to fall into poverty. However, extreme poverty, such as homelessness, disproportionately affects males to a high degree.

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The Living Income Community of Practice (LICOP) was founded by The Sustainable Food Lab, GIZ and ISEAL Alliance to measure the gap between what people around the world earn versus what they need to have a decent standard of living, and find ways to bridge this gap.

194:, and drew a poverty line in terms of a minimum weekly sum of money "necessary to enable families … to secure the necessaries of a healthy life", which included fuel and light, rent, food, clothing, and household and personal items. Based on data from leading 504:

argued that poverty is the inability to afford "not only the commodities which are indispensably necessary for the support of life, but whatever the custom of the country renders it indecent for creditable people, even of the lowest order, to be without."

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different from those below the poverty line. The cause of the discrepancy is believed to be an outdated model of spending patterns based on actual spending in the year 1955; the number and proportion of material needs has risen substantially since then.

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The nation's poverty threshold is issued by the Census Bureau. According to the Office of Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation the threshold is statistically relevant and can be a solid predictor of people in poverty. The reasoning for using

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However, some have argued that as relative poverty is merely a measure of inequality, using the term 'poverty' for it is misleading. For example, if everyone in a country's income doubled, it would not reduce the amount of 'relative poverty' at all.

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used to determine such rates is usually unrepresentative of the poor, most of whose expenditure is on basic foodstuffs rather than the relatively luxurious items (washing machines, air travel, healthcare) often included in PPP baskets. The economist

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second-most populous state, was 10% less than the US average. In 2017, California had the highest poverty rate in the country when housing costs are factored in, a measure calculated by the Census Bureau known as "the supplemental poverty measure".

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has attempted to solve this by using standardized baskets of goods typical of those bought by the poor across countries and historical time, for example including a fixed calorific quantity of the cheapest local grain (such as corn, rice, or oats).

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per day. The threshold for a family group of four, including two children, was US$ 26,200, about $ 72 per day. According to the US Census Bureau's American Community Survey 2018 One-year Estimates, 13.1% of Americans lived below the poverty line.

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are living in the same economy. The threshold for relative poverty is considered to be at 50% of a country's median equivalised disposable income after social transfers. Thus, it can vary greatly from country to country even after adjusting for

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Minority views, p. 46 in U.S. Congress, Report of the Joint Economic Committee on the January 1964 Economic Report of the President with Minority and Additional Views (Report). Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office. January

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Guidance manual on calculating and visualizing the income gap to a Living Income Benchmark Prepared for the Living Income Community of Practice The Committee on Sustainability Assessment (COSA) and KIT Royal Tropical Institute July

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argued for the use of relative poverty claiming that the definition of poverty changes with general living standards. Those labelled as poor in 1995, would have had "a higher standard of living than many labelled not poor" in 1965.

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deemed adequate in a particular country. The poverty line is usually calculated by estimating the total cost of one year's worth of necessities for the average adult. The cost of housing, such as the

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found that 3.8% of jobs were paid below the National Minimum Wage, a decrease from 7.4% in 2020 but an increase from 1.4% in 2019. They note that this increase from 2019 to 2021 is connected to the

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proposed that "we define as poor any family whose income is less than one-half the median family income." This was the first introduction of the relative poverty rate as typically computed today

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The blue bars represent the amount of money made by different people. The thin red line shows the relative poverty level. Anyone earning less than that, in this society, is relatively poor.

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Bradshaw, Jonathan; Chzhen, Yekaterina; Main, Gill; Martorano, Bruno; Menchini, Leonardo; de Neubourg, Chris (31 January 2012). "Relative Income Poverty Among Children in Rich Countries".

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challenged the view, commonly held at the time, that abject poverty was a problem particular to London and was not widespread in the rest of Britain. Rowntree distinguished between

186:. Booth set the line at 10 (50p) to 20 shillings (£1) per week, which he considered to be the minimum amount necessary for a family of four or five people to subsist on. 99:

Graph of global population living on under 1, 1.25 and 2 equivalent of 2005 US dollars daily (red) and as a proportion of world population (blue) based on 1981–2008 World Bank data

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David Gordon's paper, "Indicators of Poverty and Hunger", for the United Nations, further defines absolute poverty as the absence of any two of the following eight basic needs:

240: 1847: 1816: 3352: 482:(OECD) and Canadian poverty researchers. In the European Union, the "relative poverty measure is the most prominent and most–quoted of the EU social inclusion indicators." 233:

The term "absolute poverty" is also sometimes used as a synonym for extreme poverty. Absolute poverty is the absence of enough resources to secure basic life necessities.

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Most experts and the public agree that the official poverty line in the United States is substantially lower than the actual cost of basic needs. In particular, a 2017

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Singapore has experienced strong economic growth over the last ten years and has consistently ranked among the world's top countries in terms of GDP per capita.

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Access to services: This item is undefined by Gordon, but normally is used to indicate the complete panoply of education, health, legal, social, and financial (

479: 557:. The main poverty line used in the OECD and the European Union is based on "economic distance", a level of income set at 60% of the median household income. 843:

Health Affairs along with analysis by Georgetown found that public assistance does counteract poverty threats between 2010 and 2015. In regards to Medicaid,

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his or her education; inadequate academic habits that form as early as preschool typically are unknown to improve despite changes in socioeconomic status.

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poverty. Such a view persists for a selection of reasons, and since there is no official poverty line, there is no strong acknowledgement that it exists.

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Human development report: Capacity development: Empowering people and institutions (Report). Geneva: United Nations Development Program. 2008.

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Safe drinking water: Water must not come solely from rivers and ponds, and must be available nearby (fewer than 15 minutes' walk each way).

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Bradley, D; Huber, E; Moller, S.; Nielson, F; Stephens, JD (2003). "Determinants of relative poverty in advanced capitalist democracies".

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Relative poverty means low income relative to others in a country: for example, below 60% of the median income of people in that country.

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study found that 61% of non-elderly adults earning between 100 and 200% of the poverty line reported at least one material hardship, not

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A League Table of Child Poverty in Rich Nations (Report). Innocenti Report Card No.1. Florence, Italy: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre.

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differ greatly. Thus, the numbers are not comparable among countries. Even when nations do use the same method, some issues may remain.

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argued, "People are poverty stricken when their income, even if adequate for survival, falls markedly behind that of their community."

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2008 CIA World Factbook-based map showing the percentage of population by country living below that country's official poverty line

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Haveman, Robert (1993). "Who Are the Nation's 'Truly Poor'? Problems and Pitfalls in (Re)defining and Measuring Poverty".

485:"Relative poverty reflects better the cost of social inclusion and equality of opportunity in a specific time and space." 2115: 546:(ESRI) in Ireland explained that "poverty has to be seen in terms of the standard of living of the society in question." 4067: 4006: 1356: 471: 2021: 995:

Poverty Lines – Martin Ravallion, in The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition, London: Palgrave Macmillan

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to the amount of money needed to cover expenses beyond what is needed to merely survive across the United States. The

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elderly, a child, married, etc. The poverty threshold may be adjusted annually. In practice, like the definition of

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Shelter: Homes must have fewer than four people living in each room. Floors must not be made of soil, mud, or clay.

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Donaldson, John A.; Loh, Jacqueline; Mudaliar, Sanushka; Kadir, Mumtaz Md; Wu, Biqi; Yeoh, Lam Keong (2013).

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April 2006, a 35-hour week would have earned someone £9,191 a year – before tax or National Insurance".

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discourse, the basic needs model focuses on the measurement of what is believed to be an eradicable level of

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Information: Everyone must have access to newspapers, radios, televisions, computers, or telephones at home.

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accurately, but it also necessitates fundamental social judgments, many of which have moral implications.

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in developing countries. It attempts to define the absolute minimum resources necessary for long-term

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Jolly, Richard (October 1976). "The World Employment Conference: The Enthronement of Basic Needs".

870: 739:. India lifted 271 million people out of poverty in a 10-year time period from 2005/06 to 2015/16. 709: 62: 712:

reported in 2021 that "almost 5m jobs, or one in six nationally, pay below the real living wage".

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20170005, New York University Abu Dhabi, Department of Social Science, revised Jun 2017.

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In addition to wage and salary income, investment income and government transfers such as

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Measuring child poverty: New league tables of child poverty in the world's rich countries

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Poverty rate map of India by prevalence in 2000, among its states and union territories

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can also be used in a different sense to mean "moderate poverty" – for example, a

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In 2016, median equivalised net income varied considerably across the EU Member States

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The new IPL replaces the $ 1.25 per day figure, which used 2005 data. In 2008, the

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estimated that about 7% of people employed in the UK were earning at or below the

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came out with a figure (revised largely due to inflation) of $ 1.25 a day at 2005

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estimates, which found roughly 734 million people remained in absolute poverty.

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Matt Levin (2 October 2017). "Expensive homes make California poorest state".

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IPPR Article: "Government must rescue 'forgotten million children' in poverty"

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The basic needs approach is one of the major approaches to the measurement of

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Fuchs, Victor (Summer 1967). "Redefining Poverty and Redistributing Income".

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varies greatly if there are children or other dependents in the household.

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McLanahan, Sara S.; Kelly, Erin L. (2006). "The Feminization of Poverty".

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affect peoples access to decent housing, education or job opportunities.

376: 291: 3299: 3273:"Do social-welfare policies reduce poverty? A cross-national assessment" 2581:"Why setting a poverty line may not be helpful: Minister Chan Chun Sing" 2276: 255:(IPL), a global absolute minimum, of $ 2.15 a day as of September 2022. 3544: 3529: 3489: 3334: 1812: 1393:"Could you live on $ 1.90 a day? That's the international poverty line" 1196: 501: 354:

Health: Treatment must be received for serious illnesses and pregnancy.

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European Commission. Statistical Office of the European Union (2018).

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Minimum income deemed adequate to live in a specific country or place

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or level of income that is high enough to satisfy basic needs (like

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Relative poverty measures are used as official poverty rates by the

3173: 1955: 1643:"Relative vs Absolute Poverty: Defining Different Types of Poverty" 1507: 1505: 824: 590: 251:

To assist in measuring this, the World Bank has a daily per capita

2720: 1612: 360:

Education: Everyone must attend school or otherwise learn to read.

3467: 2145: 2098:"In-Work Poverty: New commonly agreed indicators at the EU level" 560: 387: 348: 137: 132: 2691:. Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research. pp. 127–145. 1899:

Friedman, Rose. D. (1965). Poverty: Definition and Perspective.

1773: 1771: 1502: 269:

These figures are artificially low according to Peter Edward of

198:

of the period, he calculated the cheapest price for the minimum

920:

List of countries by percentage of population living in poverty

475: 309: 128: 2746:"Demographic Data Project: Gender and Individual Homelessness" 2562:"Measuring Poverty in Singapore: Frameworks for Consideration" 2205: 1818:

An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations

1411:" Absolute Poverty: When Necessity Displaces Desire REVISED 3399:, Harald Eustachius Tomintz, 27 January 2021, Mises Institute 2448: 1978:

Foster, James E. (1998). "Absolute versus Relative Poverty".

1768: 1486:

Society and the official world: a reintroduction to sociology

1097:"COVID-19 to Add as Many as 150 Million Extreme Poor by 2021" 582: 495: 273:. He believes the real number as of 2015 was $ 7.40 per day. 45:

deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a

1637: 1635: 886: 3207:

Grieger, Lloyd D.; Danziger, Sheldon H. (1 November 2011).

1777: 1699:

Child poverty in rich nations: Report card no. 6 (Report).

586: 554: 191: 3350: 3312: 3103:

Griffith, Kevin; Evans, Leigh; Bor, Jacob (August 2017).

2559: 1632: 1565: 1563: 1901:

American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research

1839:

Peter Adamson; UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre (2012).

1154:"The world's victory over extreme poverty, in one chart" 3006:"Federal Poverty Level (FPL) - HealthCare.gov Glossary" 2022:"Resources, Deprivation and the Measurement of Poverty" 2020:

Callan, T; Nolan, Brian; Whelan, Christopher T (1993).

1756: 1345:

The World Bank Economic Review, 23, 2, 2009, pp. 163–84

1175:

Gillie, Alan (1996). "The Origin of the Poverty Line".

375:

impression "that poverty elimination is all too easy".

243:

at $ 1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population). Based on

3462: 1719:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

1560: 1341:

Ravallion, Martin; Chen Shaohua & Sangraula, Prem

764:

opportunity for those living right above such a line.

480:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

2910:

Engle, Patrice L.; Black, Maureen M. (25 July 2008).

2378:"National Minimum Wage Statistics: Research Briefing" 2146:"Living Income | Living Income Community of Practice" 1296:"Principles and Practice in Measuring Global Poverty" 317:

According to a UN declaration that resulted from the

627:'s Living Wage Calculator, which compares the local 308:. The poverty line is then defined as the amount of 159:), a global absolute minimum, to $ 2.15 per day (in 2539:"Iranian Workers Get A 'Humiliating' Wage Increase" 1736: 1054:"Fact Sheet: An Adjustment to Global Poverty Lines" 379:focused on 'capabilities' rather than consumption. 223:

Absolute poverty and the International Poverty Line

2290:Haughton, Jonathan; Khandker, Shahidur R. (2009). 1898: 838: 332:A homeless man seeks shelter under a public bench. 2069: 2019: 1477: 1354: 748:given in the same year has been 5 million toman. 4141: 3102: 3038:"Will you receive an Obamacare premium subsidy?" 2422: 2289: 1941:Ravallion, Martin; Chen, Shaohua (August 2017). 1871: 1834: 1832: 1830: 1828: 1750: 986:. Living Standards Measurement Papers, The World 623:A variation on the LICOP's Living Income is the 3375:Alan Gillie, "The Origin of the Poverty Line", 3206: 2013: 1746:. Ottawa, ON: Conference Board of Canada. 2013. 1483: 1233: 1231: 3306: 2686: 2503:"Millions live below the poverty line in Iran" 2375: 1529: 1425: 1423: 984:Poverty freak: A Guide to Concepts and Methods 561:Relative poverty compared with other standards 151:In September 2022, the World Bank updated the 4033: 3448: 3159:Fullerton, Don; Rao, Nirupama (August 2016). 2606:"Annual Update of the HHS Poverty Guidelines" 2336:Cooke, Graeme; Lawton, Kayte (January 2008). 2096:Bardone, Laura; Guio, Anne-Catherine (2005). 1940: 1865: 1825: 1805: 1764:. Antwerp, Belgium: Centre for Social Policy. 1692: 1570:Eskelinen, Teppo (2011). "Relative Poverty". 542:Brian Nolan and Christopher T. Whelan of the 214:The poverty threshold was first developed by 43:The examples and perspective in this article 3158: 2324:http://inequalitywatch.eu/spip.php?article99 2004: 1998: 1943:"Welfare-Consistent Global Poverty Measures" 1892: 1488:. Dix Hills, N.Y: General Hall. p. 17. 1228: 470:The relative poverty measure is used by the 3410:The History of the Official Poverty Measure 3397:Critiquing the Dollar-a-Day Idea of Poverty 3392:. New York: Gale Virtual Reference Library. 3357:. Ohio: Glencoe McGraw-Hill. p. A-22. 2401: 2399: 2335: 2095: 1661: 1420: 421:It has been suggested that this section be 4047: 4040: 4026: 3455: 3441: 3255: 2916:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2909: 1811: 1794: 1452: 1450: 1004: 496:History of the concept of relative poverty 3420:. Department of Health and Human Services 3351:Shweparde, Jon; Robert W. Greene (2003). 3270: 3264: 3224: 3172: 3130: 3120: 2935: 2578: 1954: 1569: 1288: 1151: 1115: 1046: 1039:Hagenaars, Aldi & van Praag, Bernard 1028:The Definition and Measurement of Poverty 887:Government transfers to alleviate poverty 660: 81:Learn how and when to remove this message 3735:Social determinants of health in poverty 3570:Social determinants of health in poverty 3382: 2667:"The Straight Facts on Women in Poverty" 2639:"2018 Poverty Rate in the United States" 2396: 2369: 1725: 1707: 1237: 813: 725: 664: 647: 600: 446: 327: 235: 182:, a concept originally conceived by the 102: 94: 4155:Measurements and definitions of poverty 4097:National (subject specific deprivation) 4011:Measurements and definitions of poverty 2428: 2254: 1880: 1667: 1447: 1431:"The World Employment Programme at ILO" 1041:A Synthesis of Poverty Line Definitions 800: 706:COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom 351:must be accessible in or near the home. 14: 4142: 3927:Scottish index of multiple deprivation 3615: 3415: 2488:"The start of a new poverty narrative" 1977: 1390: 1355:Hildegard Lingnau (19 February 2016). 1174: 544:Economic and Social Research Institute 4021: 3623:Cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment 3436: 3202: 3200: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2661: 2659: 2405: 2140: 2138: 2136: 1913: 1456: 1209: 782: 625:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 425:out into another article titled 3648:Social determinants of mental health 3412:, United States Bureau of the Census 3386:"Poverty". Encyclopedia of Sociology 3165:National Bureau of Economic Research 2505:. Thenationalnews.com. 4 August 2008 2345:Institute for Public Policy Research 2181:"Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2020" 1947:National Bureau of Economic Research 1674:Canadian Journal of Nursing Research 1554:10.1111/j.1759-5436.1978.mp9004004.x 1535: 1152:Beauchamp, Zach (14 December 2014). 1026:Hagenaars, Aldi & de Vos, Klaas 791: 407: 29: 4068:Multiple Deprivation 2000 (IMD2000) 4015:Social responsibility organizations 3416:Fisher, Gordon (16 December 2005). 3249: 2689:Handbook of the Sociology of Gender 2429:Toynbee, Polly (16 November 2021). 1238:Rowntree, Benjamin Seebohm (1901). 1145: 1089: 1068: 1043:. Review of Income and Wealth, 1985 967: 851: 829:Children's Health Insurance Program 393: 24: 4127:Information graphics about poverty 3344: 3197: 3147: 3089: 3056: 3023: 2993: 2960: 2884: 2656: 2408:"Low and high pay in the UK: 2021" 2133: 2070:Michael Blastland (31 July 2009). 1513:"Indicators of Poverty and Hunger" 1471:10.1111/j.1467-7679.1976.tb00338.x 1359:. D+C, development&cooperation 1030:. Journal of Human Resources, 1988 472:United Nations Development Program 347:Sanitation facilities: Toilets or 319:World Summit on Social Development 25: 4171: 3403: 2541:. En.radiofarda.com. 9 April 2020 1391:Hickel, Jason (1 November 2015). 1298:. The World Bank. 13 January 2016 989: 677: 3982:Gender-related Development Index 3075:Center For Children and Families 2492:Brookings Institution, June 2018 2410:. Office for National Statistics 2292:Handbook on Poverty + Inequality 1542:Institute of Development Studies 860: 767: 412: 34: 2859: 2834: 2813: 2788: 2763: 2738: 2713: 2680: 2643:The United States Census Bureau 2631: 2598: 2572: 2553: 2531: 2517: 2495: 2480: 2456:"Poverty Estimates for 2004-05" 2376:Francis-Devine, Brigid (2021). 2351: 2329: 2316: 2283: 2248: 2223: 2198: 2173: 2163: 2108: 2063: 1971: 1934: 1907: 1757:Ive Marx; Karel van den Bosch. 1596: 1403: 1384: 1371: 1348: 1335: 1310: 1263: 1257:"History of poverty thresholds" 1249: 1203: 1168: 1076:"World Bank 2022 poverty lines" 1056:. World Bank. 14 September 2022 839:Poverty mobility and healthcare 247:data ranging from 1998 to 2018. 4056:National (general deprivation) 3915:Physical Quality of Life Index 3909:Multidimensional Poverty Index 2674:cdn.americanprogressaction.org 1572:Encyclopedia of Global Justice 1214:. HarperCollins. p. 116. 1033: 1020: 998: 976: 961: 950:Sustainable Development Goal 1 877: 702:Office for National Statistics 539:which they belong (page 31)." 534:In 1979, British sociologist, 516:idea of what is substandard." 476:United Nations Children's Fund 285: 207:, those lacking in income and 13: 1: 3943:Progress out of Poverty Index 3870:Disability-adjusted life year 3839:Social determinants of health 2579:migration (23 October 2013). 2007:Poverty in the United Kingdom 1668:Raphael, Dennis (June 2009). 1580:10.1007/978-1-4020-9160-5_182 1538:"Basic Needs and its Critics" 1241:Poverty: A Study in Town Life 955: 684:Poverty in the United Kingdom 3766:Homeless Vulnerability Index 3315:American Sociological Review 1980:The American Economic Review 940:Millennium Development Goals 774:Poverty in the United States 751: 638: 527:In 1967, American economist 7: 4109:Department of Environment's 3383:Villemez, Wayne J. (2001). 2294:. World Bank Publications. 1876:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 1605:Living conditions in Europe 898: 107:Poverty thresholds for 2013 57:, discuss the issue on the 10: 4176: 4104:Underprivileged area score 3932:Townsend deprivation index 3781:Genuine progress indicator 3761:Below Poverty Line (India) 3161:"The Lifecycle of the 47%" 2867:"United States Population" 1903:(Report). Washington, D.C. 1536:Ghai, Dharam (June 1978). 771: 719: 681: 461:purchasing power standards 397: 289: 253:international poverty line 226: 170: 153:International Poverty Line 4123: 4096: 4083:Deprivation 2010 (ID2010) 4078:Deprivation 2007 (ID2007) 4073:Deprivation 2004 (ID2004) 4055: 4007:Income inequality metrics 4000: 3974: 3958: 3951: 3889: 3852: 3811: 3804: 3753: 3667: 3660: 3643:Poverty and mental health 3608: 3588: 3510:Environmental degradation 3482: 3475: 3226:10.1007/s13524-011-0056-x 3122:10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0083 2871:worldpopulationreveiw.com 2842:"U.S. Poverty Statistics" 2796:"U.S. Poverty Statistics" 2771:"U.S. Poverty Statistics" 2041:10.1017/s0047279400019280 1872:Galbraith, J. K. (1958). 1701:Innocenti Research Centre 1459:Development Policy Review 1409:Robert C. Allen, 2017. 1014:Paris School of Economics 910:Guaranteed minimum income 4150:Macroeconomic indicators 3860:India State Hunger Index 3787:Legatum Prosperity Index 3771:Misery index (economics) 3167:. Working Paper Series. 2206:"Living Wage Calculator" 2029:Journal of Social Policy 1949:. Working Paper Series. 1780:Innocenti Working Papers 1484:Denton, John A. (1990). 968:webster, The breadline. 715: 127:is the minimum level of 3966:Feminization of poverty 3903:Human Development Index 3377:Economic History Review 3258:San Francisco Chronicle 2937:10.1196/annals.1425.023 2697:10.1007/0-387-36218-5_7 2619:: 3060. 17 January 2020 1647:Habitat for Humanity GB 1607:. Publications Office. 1177:Economic History Review 1127:iresearch.worldbank.org 1007:"Efficiency and equity" 742: 264:purchasing power parity 241:Poverty headcount ratio 4049:Indices of Deprivation 3819:Disability and poverty 3575:Violence against women 2406:White, Nicola (2021). 2363:25 August 2009 at the 1212:The Tyranny of Numbers 1005:Chassagnon, A (2019). 731: 670: 661:National poverty lines 613: 611:for unexpected events. 510:John Kenneth Galbraith 452: 333: 304:, usually in terms of 248: 108: 100: 3638:psychological poverty 3596:Social Progress Index 3271:Kenworthy, L (1999). 2005:Townsend, P. (1979). 1210:Boyle, David (2000). 821:Federal Poverty Level 814:Impacts on healthcare 729: 698:National Minimum Wage 668: 648:Threshold limitations 608: 601:Living Income Concept 593:, housing, and basic 450: 331: 239: 106: 98: 4131:Poverty-related maps 4125:Commons categories: 3844:Poverty and violence 3628:Learned helplessness 3565:Social vulnerability 3540:Relative deprivation 3515:Environmental racism 3379:, XLIX/4 (1996), 726 3292:10.1093/sf/77.3.1119 2975:"Poverty Guidelines" 2846:federalfasteynet.com 2800:federalsafteynet.com 2775:federalsafetynet.com 2468:on 17 September 2012 2257:The Brookings Review 2072:"Just what is poor?" 1874:The Affluent Society 1788:10.18356/3afdf450-en 1574:. pp. 942–943. 1357:"Major breakthrough" 801:Impacts on education 404:Relative deprivation 271:Newcastle University 146:developing countries 63:create a new article 55:improve this article 3988:Gender Parity Index 3937:Living Planet Index 3897:Human Poverty Index 3865:Global Hunger Index 3633:Psychological abuse 3505:Diseases of poverty 3042:healthinsurance.org 2928:2008NYASA1136..243E 2821:"U.S Poverty Stats" 2750:endhomelessness.org 2231:"Measuring Poverty" 2102:Statistics in Focus 1916:The Public Interest 1415:" Working Papers 1244:. Macmillan and Co. 737:World Poverty Clock 400:Economic inequality 302:physical well-being 184:London School Board 142:developed countries 3876:Global Peace Index 3680:Culture of poverty 3550:Social deprivation 3525:Governance failure 3044:. 27 December 2018 2981:. 23 November 2015 2721:"Basic Statistics" 2527:. 30 January 2020. 2384:. House of Commons 2210:livingwage.mit.edu 2009:. London: Penguin. 1649:. 6 September 2018 1379:The End of Poverty 1377:Sachs, Jeffrey D. 1275:data.worldbank.org 982:Ravallion, Martin 783:Women and children 732: 694:Low Pay Commission 671: 579:standard of living 453: 334: 249: 109: 101: 4160:Welfare economics 4137: 4136: 4117: 4116: 3996: 3995: 3921:Laeken indicators 3885: 3884: 3800: 3799: 3792:Poverty gap index 3730:Secondary poverty 3715:Poverty threshold 3705:Human trafficking 3656: 3655: 3604: 3603: 3364:978-0-07-828576-9 3354:Sociology and You 2706:978-0-387-32460-9 2585:The Straits Times 2301:978-0-8213-7614-0 1622:978-92-79-86498-8 1589:978-1-4020-9159-9 1495:978-0-930390-94-5 1443:on 19 March 2014. 1322:www.worldbank.org 945:Social safety net 930:Measuring poverty 792:Racial minorities 553:, UNICEF and the 445: 444: 440: 341:must be above 16. 306:consumption goods 209:secondary poverty 113:poverty threshold 91: 90: 83: 65:, as appropriate. 16:(Redirected from 4167: 4042: 4035: 4028: 4019: 4018: 3956: 3955: 3890:Complex measures 3809: 3808: 3776:Gini coefficient 3665: 3664: 3613: 3612: 3555:Social exclusion 3480: 3479: 3457: 3450: 3443: 3434: 3433: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3393: 3391: 3372: 3371:on 8 March 2010. 3367:. 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October 2008. 2669: 2665: 2664: 2657: 2647: 2645: 2637: 2636: 2632: 2622: 2620: 2608: 2604: 2603: 2599: 2589: 2587: 2577: 2573: 2558: 2554: 2544: 2542: 2537: 2536: 2532: 2523: 2522: 2518: 2508: 2506: 2501: 2500: 2496: 2490:. 19 June 2018. 2486: 2485: 2481: 2471: 2469: 2465: 2458: 2454: 2453: 2449: 2439: 2437: 2427: 2423: 2413: 2411: 2404: 2397: 2387: 2385: 2374: 2370: 2365:Wayback Machine 2356: 2352: 2340: 2334: 2330: 2326:" Eurostat 2010 2321: 2317: 2302: 2288: 2284: 2253: 2249: 2239: 2237: 2229: 2228: 2224: 2214: 2212: 2204: 2203: 2199: 2189: 2187: 2179: 2178: 2174: 2168: 2164: 2154: 2152: 2144: 2143: 2134: 2124: 2122: 2114: 2113: 2109: 2094: 2090: 2080: 2078: 2068: 2064: 2024: 2018: 2014: 2003: 1999: 1976: 1972: 1939: 1935: 1912: 1908: 1897: 1893: 1886: 1885: 1881: 1870: 1866: 1856: 1854: 1853:on 12 June 2013 1850: 1843: 1837: 1826: 1810: 1806: 1800: 1799: 1795: 1776: 1769: 1761: 1755: 1751: 1744:"Child Poverty" 1742: 1741: 1737: 1731: 1730: 1726: 1713: 1712: 1708: 1698: 1697: 1693: 1666: 1662: 1652: 1650: 1641: 1640: 1633: 1623: 1601: 1597: 1590: 1568: 1561: 1534: 1530: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1511: 1510: 1503: 1496: 1482: 1478: 1455: 1448: 1440: 1433: 1429: 1428: 1421: 1408: 1404: 1389: 1385: 1376: 1372: 1362: 1360: 1353: 1349: 1340: 1336: 1326: 1324: 1316: 1315: 1311: 1301: 1299: 1294: 1293: 1289: 1279: 1277: 1269: 1268: 1264: 1255: 1254: 1250: 1236: 1229: 1222: 1208: 1204: 1189:10.2307/2597970 1183:(4): 715–730 . 1173: 1169: 1159: 1157: 1150: 1146: 1136: 1134: 1121: 1120: 1116: 1106: 1104: 1095: 1094: 1090: 1080: 1078: 1074: 1073: 1069: 1059: 1057: 1052: 1051: 1047: 1038: 1034: 1025: 1021: 1009: 1003: 999: 994: 990: 981: 977: 970:"The breadline" 966: 962: 958: 901: 889: 880: 867:Urban Institute 863: 854: 841: 816: 803: 794: 785: 776: 770: 754: 745: 724: 718: 700:. In 2021, the 686: 680: 663: 650: 641: 603: 563: 498: 441: 417: 413: 406: 396: 339:Body mass index 294: 288: 279:Robert C. Allen 231: 229:Extreme poverty 225: 205:primary poverty 173: 87: 76: 70: 67: 52: 39: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4173: 4163: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4135: 4134: 4124: 4121: 4120: 4115: 4114: 4112: 4111: 4106: 4100: 4098: 4094: 4093: 4091: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4059: 4057: 4053: 4052: 4045: 4044: 4037: 4030: 4022: 4004: 4002: 3998: 3997: 3994: 3993: 3991: 3990: 3985: 3978: 3976: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3968: 3962: 3960: 3953: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3945: 3940: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3918: 3912: 3906: 3900: 3893: 3891: 3887: 3886: 3883: 3882: 3880: 3879: 3873: 3867: 3862: 3856: 3854: 3850: 3849: 3847: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3829:Physical abuse 3826: 3821: 3815: 3813: 3806: 3802: 3801: 3798: 3797: 3795: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3757: 3755: 3751: 3750: 3748: 3747: 3745:Water scarcity 3742: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3710:Income deficit 3707: 3702: 3700:Housing stress 3697: 3692: 3690:Energy poverty 3687: 3682: 3677: 3671: 3669: 3662: 3658: 3657: 3654: 3653: 3651: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3619: 3617: 3610: 3606: 3605: 3602: 3601: 3599: 3598: 3592: 3590: 3586: 3585: 3583: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3535:Mental illness 3532: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3486: 3484: 3477: 3473: 3472: 3460: 3459: 3452: 3445: 3437: 3431: 3430: 3413: 3405: 3404:External links 3402: 3401: 3400: 3394: 3380: 3373: 3363: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3340: 3305: 3286:(3): 1119–39. 3263: 3248: 3196: 3174:10.3386/w22580 3146: 3109:Health Affairs 3088: 3077:. 8 March 2018 3055: 3022: 3010:HealthCare.gov 2992: 2959: 2922:(1): 243–256. 2883: 2858: 2833: 2812: 2787: 2762: 2737: 2712: 2705: 2679: 2655: 2630: 2597: 2571: 2552: 2530: 2516: 2494: 2479: 2447: 2421: 2395: 2368: 2350: 2328: 2315: 2300: 2282: 2247: 2222: 2197: 2172: 2162: 2132: 2107: 2088: 2062: 2012: 1997: 1986:(2): 335–341. 1970: 1956:10.3386/w23739 1933: 1906: 1891: 1879: 1864: 1824: 1821:. 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